The earth inner core composed of solid iron is the hottest layer because it is at the center of the Earth, but pressure from the outer layers makes it solid layer.
What is the inner Earth core made of?The Earth's inner core contains even more metal than the outer core. Both are mostly comprised of iron with a little amount of nickel. However, lighter elements like oxygen, carbon, and silicon are also assumed to be present in small amounts in the iron.The deepest geologic stratum of the planet Earth is called the inner core. It is mostly a solid ball with a radius of 1,220 km, which is around 20% of the radius of the Earth or 70% of the radius of the Moon.At the very centre of the planet, under the outer core, lies the inner core, which is the Earth's deepest layer. 5150 km or so below the Earth's surface is where the inner and outer cores officially split.Learn more about Earth's inner core refer to :
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carbonate buffers are important in regulating the ph of blood at 7.40. if the carbonic acid concentration in a sample of blood is 0.0013 m, determine the bicarbonate ion concentration required to buffer the ph of blood at ph
The blood buffer has a pH of 7.4, whereas the blood sample has a carbonic acid content of 0.0013 M.
The chemical compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen is known as carbonic acid (H2CO3).It is produced in minute quantities when water dissolves its anhydride, carbon dioxide (CO2). Two covalent double bonds bind the core carbon atom of carbon dioxide, also referred to as carbonic acid gas, to the two oxygen atoms.
Calculation:Calculating the concentration is as follows:pH = pKₐ + log HCO⁻₃/ H₂CO₃
7.4 = - log(4.3 × 10⁻₇)+ log HCO⁻₃/ 0.0013m
log HCO⁻₃/ 0.0013m = 7.4 - 6.37
log HCO⁻₃/ 0.0013m = 1.03
log HCO⁻₃/ 0.0013m = 10¹°⁰³
HCO⁻₃ = 1.3 ₓ 10⁻².
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According to periodic trends, which element would have more valence electrons than oxygen?.
Correct answer is :- Chlorine (Cl) element have more valence electrons than oxygen
The s and p electrons in the outermost shell are valence electrons. Core electrons are those found in the inner shell.
Valence electrons are minuscule subatomic particles that we come across as we examine and investigate an element's atom. We can trace the valence electrons and forecast the sorts of bonds with the aid of Lewis structures.
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which statement is not true about ionic bonds
Ionic bonds do not follow the rule that an ion has the same number of electrons as a nonionic atom of the same element.
Chemical bonds known as ionic bonds produce two ions with opposing charges. The entire transfer of valence electrons between atoms is referred to be this bonding. A molecule or compound is created when two atoms combine through a chemical link. Furthermore, they are connected by this relationship. The fact that this link can be ionic or covalent is most notable. Ionic bonds also involve the donation of an electron from one atom to another for stability. In covalent connections, however, the electrons and the atoms are shared. Between a metal and a non-metal, an ionic connection develops in which the non-metal draws the electron from the other atom.
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Indicate the oxidation number of phosphorus, iodine, nitrogen, tellurium, and sillicon in the following ions. Remember that the sum of the oxidation numbers for an ion must equal the charge of the ion. PO43- PO33- HPO42- P3O103- IO3- IO2- IO- NH4+ NO2+ NO2- NO- NO3+ N2O22- TeO42- SiO22- Indicate the oxidation number of the metallic element(s) in the following compounds. None of the compounds listed are peroxides. Fe2O3 FeO CoS CoSO4 K3CoCl6 CrCl3 CeO3 K2CrO4 K2Cr2O7 KCrO2 K2MnO4 Mn2O7 MnO2 PbO2 Pb3O4 Zrl4 U3O2 UO2Cl2 Write formulas for all of the compounds resulting from matching all cations with all anions in each set. Remember that the sum of the oxidation numbers for a compound must equal zero.
The oxidation state of an element is calculated by subtracting and the total sum of oxidation states of all the individual atom (excluding the one that has to be calculated) from total charge on the molecule. Therefore, in above given ways we can assign oxidation state.
What is oxidation state?Oxidation state of an element is a number that is assigned to an element in a molecule that represents the number of electron gained or lost during the formation of that molecule or compound.
a.PO[tex]_4[/tex]³⁻ the oxidation state of P is +5
b. P[tex]_3[/tex]O[tex]_{10}[/tex]⁵⁻the oxidation state of P is +5
c. IO⁻the oxidation state of I is +1
d. NO[tex]_2[/tex]⁻the oxidation state of N is +3
e. N[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex]²⁻the oxidation state of N is +1
f. PO[tex]_3[/tex]³⁻the oxidation state of P is +3
g. IO[tex]_3[/tex]⁻the oxidation state of I is +5
h. NH[tex]_4[/tex]⁺the oxidation state of N is +3
i. NO⁺the oxidation state of N is +1
j. TeO[tex]_4[/tex]²⁻the oxidation state of Te is +6
k. HPO[tex]_4[/tex]²⁻the oxidation state of P is +5
l. IO[tex]_2[/tex]⁻the oxidation state of I is +3
m. NO[tex]_3[/tex]⁻the oxidation state of N is +5
n. NO[tex]_2[/tex]⁺the oxidation state of N is +5
o. SiO[tex]_3[/tex]²⁻the oxidation state of Si is +4
Therefore, in above given ways we can assign oxidation state.
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What Is The Total Number Of Valence Electrons In The Lewis Structure Of AsO2-? Draw Thew Lewish Structure Of AsO2-
The total number of valence electrons in the lewis structure of AsO₂⁻ is 18. The structure is attached.
We are aware that the valence electron count for As is five, while the valence electron count for oxygen is six. We can also observe that AsO₂ has a negative charge, hence the total number of valence electrons in AsO₂ is equal to the sum of all these electrons.
The total number of e⁻ in AsO₂ = 5 + 2 × 6 + 1
The total number of e⁻ in AsO₂ = 5 + 12 + 1
The total number of e⁻ in AsO₂ = 18
The lewis structure is attached.
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how do the physical and chemical properties of an element change when they are used to make a compound
A compound is formed while atoms of or extra physical bond collectively chemically changes. For example, desk salt is a chemical compound that effects while atoms of Sodium (Na) bond with atoms of chlorine (Cl).
The residences of an detail do alternate while that detail combines with different factors to shape compounds. There are handiest 118 recognized factors which integrate to make the entirety withinside the universe. If you consider that, you will see that the residences of the detail have to alternate relying upon the compound it's far in.
For example, water is a compound crafted from the factors hydrogen and oxygen. Sugar is likewise a chemical compound which incorporates hydrogen and oxygen, in addition to carbon. The residences of the hydrogen atoms are one of a kind while they're a part of a sugar molecule than while they're a part of a water molecule.
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Which is about the effect of the angle of insolation on the amount of heat a material absorbs?
The angle of insolation has the effect that the more the angle of insolation, the more the amount of heat absorbed by a material.
The impact of the insolation angle on the heat absorption rate of a substance can be explained by the following factors that affect how much sunlight is absorbed on Earth's surface:
The soil will be warmer because it will catch more direct light if somehow the angle of insolation is higher.The sun's rays' insolation angle is the angle at which the rays strike a specific spot on Earth.The elevation of the sun in the sky in reference to the observer is referred to as the angle of insolation. Angles of insolation start at 0 degrees.The Earth orbits the sun in an elliptical route rather than a perfect circle, thus some seasons of the year see Earth closer to the sun than others.The angle of insolation of the earth's axis: The earth's axis is inclined by 66 [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] degrees with respect to its orbital plane.Read more about the Angle of insolation from:
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Answer: B and E
Explanation: I just did it
What is the freezing point of the solution when 60 g of water is mixed with 12 grams of glucose?
The freezing point of the solution when 60 g of water is mixed with 12 g of glucose is -0.47°C. This temperature is determined by a colligative property known as freezing-point depression.
What is freezing point?The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid. When a liquid is cooled to its freezing point, the molecules of the liquid slow down and become more organized, forming a solid crystal lattice structure. The freezing point of a particular substance is determined by its chemical structure and is usually a few degrees lower than its melting point. Water, for example, freezes at 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit).
This property states that when a solute is dissolved in a solvent, the freezing point of the solvent decreases. Therefore, adding the glucose to the water will lower its freezing point.
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Complete the mechanism for the reaction of pent-2-one with methoxide. In all three boxes add lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges for the given species. In the first two boxes draw the curved arrow notation to illustrate how this reaction occurs.
The mechanism for the reaction of pent-2-one with methoxide. In all three boxes add lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges for the given species is attached below in image.
What is methoxide ?Methoxides are organic salts having a CH3O anion in organic chemistry. These alkoxides are the most basic. Although other metal-cation compounds including lithium, rubidium, and caesium methoxide exist, sodium and potassium methoxide are the most commonly used.
In order to create a poly ether with a high molecular weight, it is utilized as an initiator of an anionic addition polymerization with ethylene oxide. Both sodium methoxide and its potassium-prepared equivalent are routinely employed as catalysts in the synthesis of biodiesel on a large scale.
Thus, The mechanism for the reaction of pent-2-one with methoxide. In all three boxes add lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges for the given species is attached below in image.
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Identify the conjugate base for each acid. conjugate base of H3 PO4 conjugate base of HSO: conjugate base of NH
Conjugate base for each acid of H₃PO₄,HSO and NH respectively is H₂PO₄[tex]^-[/tex],SO[tex]^-[/tex],NH₂[tex]^-[/tex].
What is an acid?Acids are defined as substances which on dissociation yield H+ ions , and these substances are sour in taste.Compounds such as HCl, H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ are acids as they yield H+ ions on dissociation.
According to the number of H+ ions which are generated on dissociation acids are classified as mono-protic , di-protic ,tri-protic and polyprotic acids depending on the number of protons which are liberated on dissociation.
Acids are widely used in industries for production of fertilizers, detergents batteries and dyes.They are used in chemical industries for production of chemical compounds like salts which are produced by neutralization reactions.
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calcium nitrate and ammonium fluoride react to form calcium fluoride, dinitrogen monoxide, and water vapor. what mass of each substance is present after 13.36 g of calcium nitrate and 13.92 g of ammonium fluoride react completely?
The mass of each substances are Calcium nitrate = 0.08146 mole, Ammonium fluoride = 0.37 mole , Calcium fluoride = 6.3538 g, Dinitrogen monoxide=7.16848 g and Water= 5.86512 g
Ca(NO3)2 + 2 NH4F → CaF2 + 2 N2O + 4 H2O.
1. convert the given reactant mass into moles.
Calcium nitrate : 13.36/164=0.08146 mole
Ammonium Fluoride : 13.92/37 = 0.37 mole
One mole of Ca(NO3)2 completely reacts with 2 moles of
Ammonium Fluoride = 2 x 0.08146 =0.16292.
mole of NH4F reacts completely with calcium nitrate .
Ammonium Fluoride left = 0.37 - 0.16292 = 0.20708 mole
= 0.20708x 37 = 7.66 g is left.
Calcium nitrate is the limiting reagent:
Amount of CaF2 formed = 0.08146 mole * 78 = 6.3538 g.
(since one mole of Calcium nitrate gives one mole of CaF2).
Amount of dinitrogen monoxide formed = 0.08146x2x44= 7.16848 g
Amount of water formed =0.08146x4x18= 5.86512 g.
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How do the energy and the most probable location of an electron in the third energy level of an atom compare to the energy and the most probable location of an electron in the first energy level of the same atom?.
Answer: In the third shell, an electron has more energy and is farther from the nucleus.
Explanation:
What is the expected major product for the following reaction? 1. Hg(OAc)2 H2O 2. NaBH4. NaOH OH +enantiomer OH +enantiomer + enantiomer
The expected major product for the reaction you have provided is "OH + enantiomer + enantiomer."
Hg(OAc)2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction, promoting the reduction of the aldehyde or ketone using NaBH4 as the reducing agent. The product of the reduction will be alcohol, and the enantiomer refers to the fact that the product will be chiral (meaning it will have a non-superimposable mirror image) and of a particular enantiomer (one of the two non-superimposable mirror images).
The addition of NaOH neutralizes the reaction's acid and dissolves the result, making it easier to separate. It is not likely to have a substantial impact on the reduction's product.
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What is Lewis dot structures give example?
Lewis dot structure is a representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule.
The Lewis dot structure is a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It is used to show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule. Electrons are shown as "dots" or for bonding electrons as a line between the two atoms. The goal is to obtain the electron configuration that is the octet rule and formal charges need to be satisfied. No Lewis structure is complete without the formal charges. the formal charges should match the electronegativity of the atom that is negative charges should be on the more electronegative atoms and positive charges on the least electronegative atoms if possible.
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Choose the best Lewis structure for SF_4. Choose the best Lewis structure for CH_2Cl_2.
The best Lewis structure for SF₄ is option A. Choose the best Lewis structure for CH₂Cl₂ is B. T structure attached bellow.
The chemical SF₄ stands for sulfur tetraflouride. It contains 34 valence electrons in total and a formal charge of 0.
The molecule has a trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry since the core element is sulfur in an sp³d hybridization state. It has a see-saw chemical shape because it is a molecule of sort AX₄E.
The graphic affixed to this response depicts the molecule's structure.
In the Lewis structure of CH₂Cl₂, eight electrons are shared. The C atom shares two electrons with each of the H and Cl atoms.
Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was attached below
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lewis structure of pof3
Answer:
Explanation:
The shape of POF3 lewis structure is tetrahedral. The valency of P can extend up to 5. The central atom is connected to 4 atoms that are arranged in a tetrahedral fashion to avoid repulsion among the bonding pairs. There is also a double bond between P and O and 3 single bonds between P and F.
An action potential is self-
Answer:
Action potentials are self-regenerating
In the structure of 4-isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane, identify the primary, secondary, and tertiary hydrogens.
Answer:
The classifications of the carbon as primary secondary tertiary and quaternary depends on the number of the carbon atoms attached to a carbon. In case, the carbon is attached to a single carbon, then it is referred as primary carbon. If the carbon is attached to two carbons, then it is referred as the secondary carbon, if the carbon is attached to three carbons then it is referred as tertiary, and if the carbon forms all the bond with another carbon atom then it is referred as quatenary carbon.
The given below is the picture showing the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary carbons in 4-isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane:
Explanation:
1. what is galena chemical formula
1) List the following sets of quantum numbers in order increasing energy:
I . n=4, / = 1, m/=1, ms = +1/2
II. n=3, /=2, m/= -1, ms = +1/2
III. n=4, / =0, m/ = 0, ms = +1/2
The increasing energy order of the quantum numbers is III < II < I.
What are quantum numbers?There are a total of four quantum numbers in atoms: primary quantum number (n)orbital angular momentum quantum number (l), magnetic quantum number (ml), electron spin quantum number (ms). However, other possibilities include angular momentum, spin, etc. Quantum numbers frequently specifically characterize the energy levels of electrons in atoms. Flavour quantum numbers, which are internal quantum numbers that determine a particle's kind and how it interacts with other particles using basic forces, are a significant family of quantum numbers. It is challenging to compile a list of all conceivable quantum numbers because any quantum system can have one or more quantum numbers.Here, the increasing energy order of the sets of quantum numbers is III < II < I.To learn more about quantum numbers, refer:
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What is the osmolarity of a 20% NaCl solution?
The osmolarity of a 20% NaCl solution is 6.8 osmoles/L.
What is osmolarity?
In contrast to osmolality, which refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent, osmolarity refers to the number of solute particles per liter of solution.
20 % Sodium chloride:
Convert percent to molarity: 20 gm / 100 ml = 200 gm / L
Sodium is 22.99 g and Chlorine is 35.45 g,
Therefore, the molecular weight of Sodium chloride is 22.99 + 35.45, that is 58.44 grams per mole.
Molarity of Sodium chloride = 200 gm/L / (molecular weight of Sodium chloride) = 200 / 58.44 = 3.4 M
There are 2 osmoles of Sodium chloride per mole, so:
Osmolarity of 20% Sodium chloride = Molarity X 2
osmolarity = 3.4 X 2
osmolarity = 6.8 osmoles/L
Therefore, the osmolarity of a 20% Sodium chloride solution is 6.8 osmoles/L.
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When 100 g of sugar is dissolved in 100 mL of water there is no increase in volume what characteristic of matter is illustrated by this observation?
As the volume is expanded, it implies that the liquid's liquid particles have characteristics of having vast intermolecular gaps (water). Liquid water has open spaces between its particles, which are not securely connected.
For what purposes is dissolved?Traditionally, pictures that connect two scenes together are transitioned between using the dissolve editing technique. A dissolve is a progressive change from one image to the next as opposed to a direct cut from one shot to the next.
In what is water dissolved?Water allows substances to dissolve, including salt, sugar, and coffee. These things dissolve. Warm or hot water typically helps them dissolve more quickly and more effectively. Sand and pepper are soluble in hot water, but not at room temperature.
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Which of the following statements correctly describe the effect of molecular polarity on the behavior of a molecular compound?
a. The physical properties of a molecular compound are directly related to molecular polarity.
b. A polar compound will experience stronger intermolecular forces than a non polar compound.
The following statements correctly describe the effect of molecular polarity is a) The physical properties of a molecular compound are directly related to molecular polarity.
b) A polar compound will experience stronger intermolecular forces than a non polar compound.
The following statements correctly describe the effect of molecular polarity on the behavior of a molecular compound are :
a) The physical properties of the compounds is depends on the physical properties of the molecular compound such as the boiling point , the melting point , the solubility etc.
b) The polar compounds will have the stronger force of intermolecular attraction , the boiling point of the polar compound is high that's means it has strong intermolecular forces.
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What is the relationship between the two structures shown? A. enantiomers B. diastereomers C. constitutional isomers D. identical Enter Your Answer: A DB oc OD
The relationship between the given structures is that they are enantiomers. Therefore, option A is correct.
What are enantiomers?In chemistry, an enantiomer also called an optical isomer is one of two stereoisomers that are non-superposable onto their own mirror image. Enantiomers are much like when looking at the same face one's right and left hands, they cannot be superposed with each other.
The asymmetric atom is a type of stereocenter that refers exclusively to a chirality center. Compounds that consist of one of the asymmetric atoms are always chiral.
No amount of reorientation will allow the 4 unique groups on the chiral carbon. The number of stereoisomers has can be determined by the number of chiral carbons in it. Stereoisomers have types both enantiomers and diastereomers.
Diastereomers share the same molecular formula as enantiomers and are non-superposable however, they do not mirror images of each other.
A chiral molecule rotates plane-polarized light. A mixture of equal amounts of each enantiomer, a racemic mixture does not rotate the light.
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two identical, side-by-side springs with spring constant 280 n/m support a 3.00 kg hanging box.
The stretch in each spring is 0.0525 m.
Each spring's spring constant: k=280 N/m
The box's mass: m = 3.00 kg
The weight of a box can be calculated by multiplying it's own mass by gravity's acceleration: (g = 9.8 m/s^2)
The weight of the box is:
[tex]F_{g} = mg = (3 kg) (9.8 m/s^{2}) = 29.4 N[/tex]
Because they are identical, each spring will facilitate half of the weight of a box, so:
[tex]F_{\frac{1}{2}} = \frac{29.4 N}{2} = 14.7 N[/tex]
So every spring would then obey Hooke's law, that also gives the spring's extension distance, Δx
based on the spring constant (k) and the force (F) applied to the spring, the equation is : Δx = F/k
Δx = 14.7 N/280 N/m
⇒ = 0.0525 m
As a result, the stretch either in spring is = 0.0525 m.
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what are the disadvantages of using ionic compounds and covalent compounds in domestic?
Answer:
There are several disadvantages of using ionic compounds and covalent compounds in domestic settings:
> Ionic compounds are generally less stable and less resistant to changes in temperature and humidity than covalent compounds. This means that they may degrade or decompose over time, leading to reduced effectiveness or even hazards.
> Ionic compounds often have a high melting point and boiling point, making them difficult to handle and store. They may also be sensitive to heat, light, or moisture, which can affect their stability and performance.
> Ionic compounds can be corrosive and toxic, making them potentially harmful to humans and animals. Some ionic compounds, such as bleach and ammonia, can cause respiratory issues and skin irritation.
> Covalent compounds can be expensive to manufacture, as they often require specialized equipment and high temperatures and pressures to synthesize. This can make them less cost-effective for domestic use.
> Covalent compounds may also have a low melting point and boiling point, making them prone to decomposition or evaporation. They may also be flammable or explosive, posing a risk of fire or explosion in domestic settings.
Overall, it is important to carefully consider the properties and potential risks of using ionic and covalent compounds in domestic settings, and to follow safety guidelines and instructions for handling and storing these substances.
three equal-sized containers are filled with gases at stp. which container holds the greatest number of molecules?
All the three gases holds equal number of molecules as the size of the containers is equal.
The number of molecules is the product of moles to the Avogadro's number i.e., 6.022*10^23. The size of the containers in which the gases are filled is the same. Since, mole of all gases are equal at STP. Thus, all gases (O2, CO2 and Ne) has the same number of molecules. It is referred to as a mole since it shows the number of particles such as atoms and molecules that are present per mole of a given compound or substance.
Thus, all the three gases holds equal number of molecules as the size of the containers is equal.
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Lewis structure for SeCl2 with lone pairs.
Lewis structure for SeCl2 have 2 lone pairs.
In his idea of cubic atoms, Lewis developed the "octet rule." The preference of atoms to have eight electrons in the valence shell is referred to as the "octet rule." Atoms with fewer than eight electrons have a propensity to interact, resulting in the formation of more stable compounds. The most stable state that atoms can achieve through their reactions. The idea of the octet rule, in which atoms share electrons so that each has eight electrons in its outer shell, is the foundation of a Lewis structure. The outer shell of an oxygen atom, for instance, has six electrons. The valence electrons of atoms within a molecule are depicted in diagrams known as Lewis structures, commonly referred to as Lewis dots or electron dot structures.
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Draw the 6 Newman projections of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane of all the different energy levels. Label each as staggered or eclipsed and rank in order from lowest energy to highest
Here are the six Newman projections of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane:
Lowest energy:
/C
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
C/ C \C
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\C
This conformation is staggered.
/C
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
C/ H \C
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\C
This conformation is eclipsed.
/C
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
C/ H \H
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\C
This conformation is eclipsed.
/H
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
C/ H \C
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\C
This conformation is eclipsed.
/H
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
C/ C \C
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\H
This conformation is staggered.
Highest energy:
/H
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
H/ C \C
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\H
This conformation is eclipsed.
In order from lowest energy to highest, the conformations are: 1, 5, 2, 4, 3, 6.
What are Newman's projections?The three-dimensional structure of a molecule may be better understood with the assistance of a graphic known as a Newman projection.
This projection stares down a carbon-carbon bond the majority of the time, making it a particularly effective approach to depict the stereochemistry of alkanes.
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How do you write chemical symbols?
The initial letter of a chemical symbol is usually capitalized; the second letter is always written in lowercase. The first letter of chemical symbols that only contain one letter is always capitalized.
How should the chemical symbol be written properly?Chemical symbols are used to identify elements and can be one or two letters long. Examples are the chemical symbols O for oxygen, Zn for zinc, and Fe for iron. The first letter of a symbol is typically capitalized. A sign with two letters always has a lowercase letter as the second letter.
Which three guidelines apply when writing chemical symbols?The guidelines for drafting chemical formulas are as follows: When writing them, place the symbols with positive charge valency first. Second, note each atom's valency. over its symbol's top. Thirdly, discard the positive or negative radicle and divide the valency number by their highest common factor.
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