Answer:
a.) It causes prolonged activation of adenylyl cyclase which leads to increased levels of Cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP).
b.) In the intestinal epithelial cells, the cAMP binds to the apical chloride channels and allows it to open leading to osmotic permeability of water across the cell into the lumen of the intestine which is excreted through the faeces.
C.) Cholera can effectively be treated through the use of antibiotics and intravenous fluid replacement therapy.
Explanation:
Vibrio cholerae is a gram negative rigid curved bacillus that are actively ( vigorously) motion by a polar flagellation. The name vibrio is derived from the characteristic vibration movement of the organism when viewed under a microscope. This bacteria is capable of producing toxins called cholera toxin, which it uses as a virulent factor. It is responsible for the characteristic symptoms of cholera: extensive loss of body water and NaCl through continuous, debilitating diarrhea.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) which is called a second messenger because it is not a hormone that can directly institute an intracellular change, instead, it serves as a second messenger to cause an effect.In the intestinal epithelial cells, the cAMP binds to the apical chloride channels and allows it to open leading to osmotic permeability of water across the cell into the lumen of the intestine which is excreted through the faeces.
In the effect of cholera toxin on the cAMP in the intestinal cells, Cholera toxin increases the fluid loss. The binding of the toxin to the intestinal cells causes a large increase in the level of cAMP in the cells by inhibiting the conversion of GTP bound to Ga to GDP. So adenyl cyclase is not turned off and diarrhea results.
The possible treatment is through the use of antibiotics and intravenous fluid replacement therapy. Prompt and adequate replacement of lost fluid and electrolyte through oral administration and supplemented with intravenous administration of fluids highly suggested for treatment of cholera. Antibiotics is equally used for treatment only when the cholera strain has been confirmed sensitive to it through culture.
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What is the function of glycoproteins?
A) to serve as identification for the cell
B) to allow specific ions or molecules to pass freely
C) to detect bacteria and other foreign bodies outside of the cell
Answer: Cell-cell recognition, cross-linking of cells and proteins give strength and stability to the cell
Helps in intercellular communication
Some hormones are glycoproteins
Blood clotting proteins are glycoprotein in nature like thrombin, prothrombin
Mucin glycoprotein found in mucus
It is important for reproduction, because they help in sperm-egg recognition
Immmune system relies on glycoproteins
can you heat alcohol over an open flame. Give reason for your answer
Answer:
No, you cannot. The problem is that alcohol fumes are flammable. If you heat over an open flame you risk igniting the fumes which will start a chain reactions.
Explanation:
ggl and knowledge
Please help I’ll mark you as brainliest if correct
Answer:
6
Explanation:
Locations in California are warmest in summer because sunlight in summer is
A) least intense and of shortest duration
B) least intense and of longest duration
C) most intense and of shortest duration
D) most intense and of longest duration
SLO-4.2. Within all tissues in the body, there are stores of undifferentiated cells that can become any specialized type of cell in that tissue for the purpose of growth and healing. Today, Regenerative Medicine is trying to employ these cells to replace tissues that have been destroyed by disease and trauma, such as spinal cord injuries. What are these cells
Answer:
These cells are stem cells.
Explanation:
Stem cells have not specialized to be in a specific tissue and have a particular function yet. They are the cells that give all the different cell types that our body has. In other words, they can become any cell type that the body needs. We call them pluripotent cells because they have the potential of becoming any specialized cell.
Scientists use stem cells in tissue or organ regeneration due to the pluripotential that they have.
In the logistic growth model, as a population approaches the carrying capacity, what happens to its growth rate?
A
becomes exponential
B
doubles
C
increases
D
slows to zero
In the logistic growth model, as a population approaches the carrying capacity, the growth rate of the population will slow down to zero. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is Logistic growth model?The logistic growth model is a parameter which represents the rate at which the population would grow if it were unencumbered by the environmental degradation. A second parameter, that is K, represents the carrying capacity of the system of species which are being studied.
In logistic growth, a population's per capita growth rate gets smaller and smaller as the population size when it approaches a maximum imposed by the limited resources in the environment, known as the carrying capacity (K). Exponential growth model produces a J-shaped curve, while logistic growth produces an S-shaped curve.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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If a pet has to survive without your care, how would its diet change? Write your ideas on the lines below. Read about how organisms get food and energy in their environment
Answer:
rather than consuming "pet food" that contains all proper nutrients required your pet would being to scavenge for food wherever they could find it. Survival instincts would kick in and they would eat whatever they could find. Depending on food availability, loss of muscle mass is a possibility.
Explanation:
If my pet is to survive without me, its diet will change. First of all, he will not get food, so how is it possible for a living being to survive without food. It will get skinny and starve to death after a few days.
What is Diet?Diet is defined as the sum of food that is consumed by a person or other organism. The term diet refers to the use of a specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons. Humans are omnivores so, every culture and every individual has some food preferences or some food taboos.
It is essential for good health and nutrition protects you from many chronic non-communicable diseases like heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Eating a variety of foods and consuming less salt, sugar, and saturated and industrially produced trans-fats are important for a healthy diet.
Thus, if my pet is to survive without me, its diet will change. First of all, he will not get food, so how is it possible for a living being to survive without food. It will get skinny and starve to death after a few days.
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Which biome receives the most rain?
tropical rain forest
temperate rain forest
taiga
tundra
Answer:
do not know
Explanation:
Answer:
answer is A
tropical rain forest
Explanation:
got it right!
hope this helps
what do endocrine glands use as Messengers?
A. Blood
B. Hormones
C. Target Organs
D. Zygote
Answer:
b. hormones
Explanation:
"The endocrine system is made up of glands that make hormones. Hormones are the body's chemical messengers. They carry information and instructions from one set of cells to another"
Answer:
b have a good day
Explanation:
Please help I’ll mark you as brainliest if correct
Answer:
J six
Explanation:
why is one mutation not enough to result in cancer
Answer:
A single mutation is unlikely to result in cancer. Cancer is usually caused by a series of mutations that accumulate throughout the course of a person's life. As a result, cancer is more common in older adults. They've seen more chances for mutations to accumulate.
Explanation:
The original base sequence of DNA is : CAG TTA CCA. If the amino acid sequence that results from translation of this DNA base sequence is: valine-tyrosine-glycine, what mutation occurred in the DNA? Explain
A. An addition mutation occurred
B. A deletion mutation occurred
C. A substitution mutation occurred
D. A mutation did not occur.
C
I think substitution, because the original translation of the original base sequence is glutamine-leucine-proline. The base sequence for valine-tyrosine-glycine is: GT# TA# GG# . of course the last codon is unclear, but the first two gives us enough to know too much change happened for a simple addition or deletion mutation. The bases were completely switched out, therefore it is a substitution mutation. I attached a codon chart.
HELPPP PLS i need helppp
Answer:
is this a genetic diagram u need to be filled out or nah?
7. How does distance affect the strength of an electric force?
A. Electric forces that are closer together are weaker.
B. Electric forces that are closer together are stronger.
O C. Electric forces have the same strength regardless of distance.
O D. Electric forces create their own strength depending on their charge.
What is the relationship between aquifers and porosity?
Answer:
The pore space of an aquifer is the spaces or voids between the solid material. The porosity of the aquifer is the volume of void space to the total volume, typically expressed as a percentage.
Change to ecosystems occurs both slowly and quickly.
True
False
Giving away 17 points!! Please help me ASAP!!!
Answer:a major ecosystem defined by distinctive geography and receiving uniform solar radiation and moisture.
Explanation:
A big, powerful male gorilla is much more likely than a smaller, weaker
gorilla to become the population's silverback, the pack's leader who mates
far more than the other males of the group. The pack leader will, therefore,
father more offspring, who share half of his genes, and are thus likely to also
grow bigger and stronger like their father. Over time, the genes for bigger
size will increase in frequency in the population, and the population will, as a
result, grow larger on average.
Determine the Mechanism of Evolution observed in the Scenario:
Answer:
9it is not evolution but it is actually a dominant trait being passed down
Explanation:
please help me with this
Answer:
Question 13 : Ureter
Question 14 : Ovulation
Explanation:
..........................
Answer:
the answer is ovulation
Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent the spread of infectious disease?
A. Get vacinated
B. Rinse dirty cutting boards with cold water
C.Don't share personal items
D.Wash your hands
Answer: I think B
Explanation:
What two nations were at the center of the Space Race in the 1950's Australia and Russia .China and United States .United States and Russia .
Russia and China
Answer:The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War adversaries, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), to achieve superior spaceflight capability.
Explanation:
i looked it up
The two nations that were at the center of the Space Race in the 1950s should be considered Russia and China.
What is Space Race?The Space Race was the competition held in 20the century that lies between the two Cold War adversaries i.e. soviet union and the united stated for accomplishing the superior spaceflight capability.
Also, it has its origin in the ballistic missile that based on the nuclear arms race.
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Drag each label to the correct location on the table. Sort the observations based on whether they are quantitative or qualitative.
Answer:
Qualitative observations are those that cannot really be counted or measured by empirical figures, but are rather described by the features they have such as their color or taste.
Quantitative observations can be measured and counted by empirical figures i.e. numbers such as age and temperature. Number operations such as addition can be performed on them as well.
Qualitative observations.
The shirt is soft and red.The river flows more quickly in the spring than in the summer.Quantitative observations.
There are eight elephants over the age of six at the zoo. It is 72 degrees Fahrenheit outside.Answer:
Quantitative observation:
There are eight elephants over the age of six at the zoo.
It is 72 degrees Fahrenheit outside.
Qualitative observation:-
The shirt is soft and red.
The river flows more quickly in the spring than in the summer.
PLEASE HELP !! ILL GIVE 40 POINTS ; PLUS BRAINLIEST !! DONT SKIP ANSWER.
Answer: yo what grade is u in for these people to give you advanced word like this and also the letters are too small for me to see so I can't solve it right away.
Explanation:
Answer:
B
Explanation:
 The Asthenosphere is part of which layer of the Earth?
Answer:
Earth's mantle
Explanation:
Asthenosphere, zone of earth's mantle lying beneath the lithosphere and believed to be much hotter and more fluid than the lithosphere
Which bones make your gesture posture straight
Answer:
Your hamstring and your back muscle keeps your posture straight.
Explanation:
All of the following are true about thymine dimers EXCEPT: the type of repair that is done to fix them is called nucleotide excision repair they are caused by UV radiation damage that fuses thymines that are next to each other on the same strand individuals with xeroderma pigmentosa (XP) are unable to repair this type of DNA damage, leading to cancer cell development they are caused by UV radiation damage to thymines that are opposite each other on different DNA strands
Answer:
Option 4, they are caused by UV radiation damage to thymines that are opposite each other on different DNA strands
Explanation:
Thymine dimer is formed on adjacent thymine and hence they lie next to each other on the same strand. They do not lie on strand that are opposite of each other on different DNA strand.
Hence, option 4 is correct
Why did the accepted scientific theory of the solar system change from a geocentric model with Earth in the center to a heliocentric model with the Sun in the center?
Question 2 options:
A: Because over time the Sun's position changed
B: Because over time the Earth's position changed
C: New evidence and observations changed our understanding of the solar system
D: New planets formed in between the Sun and Earth
Producers, consumers, and decomposers play important roles in the environment. Are there any organisms that would not fall into one of these categories? Explain your answer.
Answer:
No, there are no organisms that will not fall into these categories
Explanation:
Living organisms interact with one another in their natural environment in order to ensure that energy needed for their metabolic activities is obtained. To do this, each organism plays different or specific roles. The roles that every organism must fall into are as follows:
- Producers are groups of organisms that have the ability to synthesize their own food using light (photosynthesis) or chemicals (chemosynthesis). Examples are green plants, algae, some bacteria etc.
- Consumers- These are organisms that lack the ability to synthesize their own food and hence depend on other organisms for their energy source. Consumers can either be herbivores (eat plants) or carnivores (eat flesh) etc. Examples are all animals etc.
- Decomposers- These are organism that have the ability to breakdown dead organisms into organic matter, thereby, adding nutrients back to the soil. Examples are fungi, bacteria, earthworm etc.
Based on this explanation above, no organism will not fall into any of these three categories. Some can even occupy two roles.
10.) What hormone is released due to the rising level of estrogen in the bloodstream?
Answer:
10.) What hormone is released due to the rising level of estrogen in the bloodstream?
A) When the level of estrogen is sufficiently high, it produces a sudden release of LH, usually around day thirteen of the cycle.
-TheUnknownScientist
Answer:
LH hormone is released due to the rising level of estrogen in the bloodstream.
answers to ten and tweleve please giving brainlist
Answer:
A and D
Explanation:
the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis doesn't need sunlight and this worksheet seems to focus on energy from the sun and how it is used in plants