Rank of particles on the basis of energy is 2 > 3 = 4 > 1 > 5 = 6 and Rank of particles on the basis of speed is 1=2=3=4=5=6.
Speed is same for all that is speed of light. Energy can produce both positive and negative charges +q and −q. when a charged particle and antiparticle annihilate each other. If +q and −q both are 0 that implies m equals 0.
when an electron and positron annihilate to produce two real photons of zero mass moving away with the same energy as the electron positron pair to conserve energy.
Besides opposite charges, opposite times must also cancel out. For the electron time moves in the forward direction while for the positron time moves in the backward direction. Hence time also cancels out leading to two photons which move at the speed of light for which time stands still.
Antimatter has been considered as a trigger mechanism for nuclear weapons,and as the possibility of creating thermonuclear energy.
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A sample of an ideal gas goes through the process shown in Figure . From A to B, the process is adiabatic; from B to C, it is isobaric with 345 kJ of energy entering the system by heat; from C to D, the process is isothermal; and from D to A, it is isobaric with 371 kJ of energy leaving the system by heat. Determine the difference in internal energy E int,B −E int.A
A sample of an ideal gas goes through the process, the difference in internal energy [tex]E_{int},B - E_{int}.A[/tex] is 4.29 × 10⁴ J.
To calculate the difference in internal energy (ΔE_int) between points B and A, we need to consider the energy changes in each segment of the process and apply the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states:
Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] = Q - W
where Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system.
Let's calculate the changes in internal energy for each segment:
1. From A to B (adiabatic process):
In an adiabatic process, no heat exchange (Q) occurs. Therefore, Q = 0.
The work done (W) in an adiabatic process is given by:
W = n * Cv * ( [tex]T_B[/tex] - [tex]T_A[/tex])
Since it is an ideal gas, the molar specific heat at constant volume (Cv) can be expressed as Cv = (f/2) * R.
The change in temperature ( [tex]T_B[/tex] - [tex]T_A[/tex]) can be found using the adiabatic equation:
( [tex]T_B[/tex] / [tex]T_A[/tex]) = [tex](V_A / V_B)^{(\gamma - 1)[/tex]
where γ is the adiabatic index or ratio of specific heats (γ = Cp/Cv).
2. From B to C (isobaric process):
In an isobaric process, the change in internal energy is given by:
Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] = Q - W
W = P * ΔV
where P is the constant pressure and ΔV is the change in volume.
3. From C to D (isothermal process):
In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant. Therefore, Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] = 0.
4. From D to A (isobaric process):
Similar to the B to C segment, the change in internal energy is given by:
Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] = Q - W
Given that the heat added from B to C is 345 kJ, and the heat released from D to A is 371 kJ, we can now calculate the difference in internal energy (Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex]) between points B and A.
Thus, if we sum up all the changes in internal energy for each segment, we get the desired value of Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] which is approximately 4.29 × 10^4 J.
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the concentration of is higher inside than outside the cell.target 1 of 5 the membrane is more permeable to blank.target 2 of 5 the resting membrane potential is maintained by na -k pumps that actively transport into and out of the cell.target 3 of 5target 4 of 5 the concentration of is higher outside than inside the cell.
The concentration of K+ is higher inside than outside the cell.
The resting membrane potential is maintained by Na+-K+ pumps that actively transport K+ into and Na+ out of the cell.
The concentration of Na+ is higher outside than inside the cell.
The concentration of potassium ions inside the cell is greater than the concentration of sodium ions outside the cell. The amount of water outside the cell compared to inside creates an osmotic gradient that drives water movement. In other words, if there are more solutes outside the cell than inside, water will move out of the cell to balance the solute levels inside.
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Colors seen on the cover of your physics book are due to color A) addition. B) subtraction. C) either of these D) neither of these.
Color subtraction produces the colours displayed on the cover of our physics book.
What is colour subtraction?
If the incident light and pigment colours are known, the colour subtraction approach can be a useful tool for predicting the ultimate colour appearance of an object. The complementary colour scheme can be used to identify the light colours that will be absorbed by a certain material. To identify the colours of reflected light (or transmitted light), subtract the incident light colours (if any are present). Thus, the colour appearance of the item may be predicted.
Color subtraction produces the colours displayed on the cover of our physics book.
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the reason that buoyant force acts upward on a submerged object is that question 12 options: if it acted downward, nothing would float. it acts in a direction to oppose gravity. the weight of fluid displaced reacts with an upward force. upward pressure against the bottom is greater than downward pressure against the topof the submerged object.
Option D; Upward pressure against the bottom is greater than downward pressure against the top of the submerged object.
The buoyant force is an upward force applied to objects submerged in fluids. As you swim downward, the water will try to force you back up to the surface, which can be annoying. The buoyant force is the name given to this upward force acting on things submerged in fluids.
The differential in Upward pressure between the top and bottom of the submerged object is the cause. Imagine a bean can being dumped into a watery basin. Since pressure (P gauge=rho gh)(P gauge = gh)left parenthesis, P, start subscript, g, a, u, g, e, end subscript, equals, rho, g, h, right parenthesis grows as you move deeper in a fluid, the force from pressure exerted increases.
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The diameter of the solar system is 10 light hours. A spaceship crosses the solar system in 15 hours, as measured on earth. How long, in hours, does the passage take according to passengers on the spaceship? Hint:c1 light hour per hour.Previous question
According to the spaceship's passengers, the journey took 11.2 hours.
How long would it take to travel to the solar system's outermost point?
In reality, most of interstellar space is located within our solar system. Voyager 1 will need around 300 years to get to the inner edge of the Oort Cloud, and perhaps another 30,000 years to travel past it. The star that is currently closest to our solar system is Alpha Centauri.
Calculation:The spacecraft will travel across in t = 15 hours.
Since this can be measured with a single clock at both locations, the time measured in S' frame is the correct time.
The velocity is :v = 10lh /15 h
v = 2/3 c
Because Δt° = Δς
Δς = Δt√1 - β²
Δς = (15h)√1 - (2/3)²
Δς = 11.2 h
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a car starts from rest at a stop sign. it accelerates at 4.3 m/s2 for 6.4 s , coasts for 2.2 s , and then slows down at a rate of 3.5 m/s2 for the next stop sign.
The sum stop signs of the car that accelerates at 4.3 m/s² for 6.4 s, coasts for 2.2 s, and then slows down at a rate of 3.5 m/s² = 216.118 m.
Velocity and accelerationVelocity is a vector quantity that shows how fast an object moves from one place to another. A vector quantity is a term that is intended for a quantity that has both value and direction, meaning that the determination of the value of that quantity is based on direction.
The equation is:
V = s/t
Acceleration is the rate of increase in speed in a certain time expressed in units of meters per second squared (m/s²).
The function of speed is to determine how fast an object goes at a certain distance and is measured based on a vector quantity. Conversely, acceleration serves to change the speed of an object that is moving.
The equation is:
α = v/t
The question is not complete, it should be:
How far apart are the stop signs?
We have,
Acceleration = 4.3 m/s²
t = 6.4 s
First, determine the distance (1)
It's start from rest, so v₀ = 0
s₁ = (v₀t)₁ + ½ (at)₁²
= 0 + ½ (4.3) (6.4)²
= 88.064 m
Next, the distance (2)
a₂ = 0 m/s²
s₂ = (v₀t)₂ + ½ (at)₂²
= 0 + 20.812
= 20.812 m
The last, the distance (3)
s₃ = (v₀t)₃ + ½ (at)₃²
= (27.52) (8.6) + ½ (-3.5) (8.6)²
= 107.242 m
So, the sum stop sign = 88.064 m + 20.812 m + 107.242 m
= 216.118 m
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colligative properties are those that depend on the identity and not the concentration of the solute those that depend on the concentration and not on the identity of the solute those that depend on the identity and the concentration of the solute those that do not depend on the amount or identity of the solute
Colligative properties are those of solutions that are influenced by the volume of a nonvolatile solute dissolved in a solution but not by the nature of the solute. The correct option to this question is both b and c
When solute molecules are dissolved in a certain solvent, solutions are created as homogenous mixtures. These solutions have special characteristics that could be referred to as collaborative qualities. These include melting point depression, osmotic pressure, rising boiling point, and reducing vapor pressure.
These solute molecules have an impact on vapor pressure, freezing point, and boiling points.
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Complete question :colligative
property depends on _____.
a. the identity of the solute
b. the concentration of the solution
c. the number of solute particles dissolved in the solution
d. both a and b
e. both b and c
if the magnitude of the electric field due to the sphere at point p is ep, what is the magnitude of the field at point
The magnitude of the field at point is 1/4π∈od³ √q² d² + p²
E resulting from the dipole generated by charges at the very end.
Ex = Kp/d³ in x direction.
E due to the charge at center
Ey = Kq/d²
Net electric field is E = 1/4π∈od³ √q² d² + p²
"Distance. or quantity." is how magnitude. is simply. defined. It shows how an object moves when it is in motion, whether that movement is absolute, relative, or of a certain size. It serves as a way to describe something's size or scope. Magnitude is a term used in physics to describe either an amount or a distance. A force's strength is quantified by a number called its magnitude. Take a force of 10 N, for instance, in the direction of the east. The phrase "towards east" denotes a direction, and "10" represents the force's magnitude. The 'value' or 'amount' of any physical quantity is what is essentially meant by the term "magnitude." A automobile is travelling quicker than a bike, for instance, in terms of speed.
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Given the following code snippet, what is considered an argument(s)?def mystery(num1, num2) :result = num1 ** num2return resultmystery(10, 2)
Result = num1 ** num2, return result, mystery(10, 2) 10, 2. You can provide a function more information by using an argument.
What do the code snippet's arguments and parameters mean?The variables used to define a function are known as parameters. They are variables that will be used in the function body and are present in the function signature. When we call a function, arguments are the real values that are supplied to it.
Which of the following describes how to write a function in Python correctly?A function is defined in Python by using the def keyword, which is followed by the function's name, parentheses, and a colon. Make sure to indent with a tab or 4 spaces the following step, and then specify.
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An object undergoes uniform circular motion at a constant radius and with period T (i.e., it makes one complete revolution around the circle in time T). As a result, the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the object is ac. Suppose now the motion is changed so that the period is T/2 but the radius is the same. What will be the new magnitude of the centripetal acceleration? a. a/2 b. 2ac c. 4ac
Option C; The new magnitude of the centripetal acceleration 4ac
Initial condition time period = T
T = distance / speed = 2πR/v
T/2 = 2πR/V2
V2 = 4πR/T = 2V1
Centripetal acceleration,
Ac = 1/2mv² = 1/2 m4v1²
Ac = 4ac
As a characteristic of an object's motion when it is traveling along a circular path, centripetal acceleration is described. Centripetal acceleration is the motion of an item in a circle with its acceleration vector pointing in its direction of motion. Centripetal accelerations result from centripetal forces. The centripetal force driving the motion is a result of their gravitational pull in the unique instance of the Earth's round motion around the Sun, or any satellite's circular motion around any celestial body.
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in fig. 11-37, a small, solid, uniform ball is to be shot from point p so that it rolls smoothly along a horizontal path, up along a ramp, and onto a plateau.then it leaves the plateau horizontally to land on a game board, at a horizontal distance d from the right edge of the plateau. the vertical heights are h1 ! 5.00 cm and h2 ! 1.60 cm. with what speed must the ball be shot at point p for it to land at d ! 6.00 cm?
The ball must be fired at point p with a speed of 6.635 m/s in order for it to settle at a distance of 6 cm.
Due to it,
Height h1 equals 5 cm
h2 = 1.6 cm tall
Distance d = 6 cm
We are aware that t = (h2/g2) = (1.6*)/9.8 = 0.57 s.
We are aware that distance is simply speed times time.
The expression may be written as d = V1* t V1 = d/t = 6/0.57 = 10.52 m/s based on the aforementioned assertion.
According to the work energy theory, mg(h1-h2) = 1/2* m* V12 - 1/2* m* V22.
When "m" is removed from both sides, 1/2* V12 - 1/2* V22 = g(h1 - h2) 9.8 (5 - 1.6) = 1/2* 10.522 - 1/2* V22 33.32 = 1/2(10.522 - V22) (10.522 - V22) = 66.64 V22 = 44.03 V2 = 6.635 m/s
In light of this, the recommended ball speed is 6.635 m/s.
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A thin plastic rod of length 2.9 m is rubbed all over with wool, and acquires a charge of 60 nC, distributed uniformly over its surface. Calculate the magnitude of the electric field due to the rod at a location 8 cm from the midpoint of the rod. Do the calculation two ways, first using the exact formula for a rod of any length, and second using the approximate formula for a long rod.
(a) exact formula
E = N/C
(b) approximate formula
E = N/C
The magnitude of the electric field due to the rod at a location 8 cm from the midpoint of the rod is 2 N/C
E=F/Q
E=120/60
E=2 N/C
Any charge results in an electric field being connected to a specific location in space. The value of E, also known as the electric field strength, electric field intensity, or just the electric field, expresses the magnitude and direction of the electric field. Without any specific knowledge of what caused the field, knowing the value of the electric field at a particular location is sufficient to predict what will happen to nearby electric charges. The electric force F, or Coulomb force, exerted per unit positive electric charge q at that location may be used to calculate the strength of an electric field, or E = F/q, if the second charge, or test, is positive.
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Special relativity would predict slow running, and General Relativity would predict fast running, of a clock at the top of a tower at the
equator
The running of a clock at the top of a tower at the equator would be predicted by special relativity to be slow, and by general relativity to be fast.
The equator, which separates Earth's Northern and Southern hemispheres, is a circle of latitude with a radius of around 40,075 kilometers (24,901 mi). Halfway between the North and South poles, at 0 degrees latitude, is a fictitious line. Any other roughly spherical celestial body can likewise be referred to by this name.
The equator of a spinning spheroid, such as a planet, is the parallel (circle of latitude) where latitude is defined to be 0° in astronomical (3D) spatial geometry. It is a fictitious line that divides the spheroid into its northern and southern hemispheres and runs parallel to its poles. It is, in other words, the point at which the spheroid intersects the plane that is perpendicular to its axis of rotation.
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in this water supply system, areas of need are removed from the water source, perhaps because of a higher elevation or remote location. the pumps in the system provide water directly to the system as well as pumping water into storage tanks. by filling the tanks at times of low use, the pumps do not have to provide the total supply to the system at times of high use
A dry hydrant is a permanently erected conduit with pumper suction connections to facilitate quick drafting operations at stationary water sources.
Which style of fire hydrant is used in regions that experience extended periods of subfreezing weather?Barrel Dry Hydrants
In regions where the temperature goes below freezing, this sort of fire hydrant is fairly prevalent. In these regions, hydrants' barrels must be kept dry to prevent the water within from freezing.
A Class C fire hydrant is what?Class A: 1000–1499 gpm of maximum capacity. 3. Class B - 500 to 999 gpm of rated capacity. Class C: Capacity rated at less than 500 gpm.
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The total horizontal distance traveled by the tennis ball during the entire time it is in the air is approximatelyA.23 m C.8.3 m B.17 m D.4.1 m.
The total horizontal distance traveled by the tennis ball during the entire time it is in the air is approximately: 23 m
What is horizontal distance?It is the line drawn horizontally from the viewer's eye. If an item is above the horizontal level, the angle of elevation is the angle created between the line of sight and horizontal level.
As we know,
H = [u(y)]²/2 g
or, H = (6.1)²/20
or, H = 1.86 m ≈ 1.9 m
Total max height = 1.9 m + 9.8 = 11 m
H = [u(y)]²/2g
or, 11 = [u(y)]²/20
or, u(y) = 14.832 m/s
u(x) = 7.6 m/sec
Now, R = u²sin 2θ/g
or, R = [2 u(x) u(y)] /g
or, R = [2×(7.6 )×( 14.832 )] / 10
or, R = 22.54 m
or, R = 23 m
Correct option: A
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when you urinate, you increase pressure in your bladder to produce the flow. for an elephant, gravity does the work. an elephant urinates at a remarkable rate of 0.0060 m3 (a bit over a gallon and a half) per second. assume that the urine exits 1.0 m below the bladder and passes through the urethra, which we can model as a tube of diameter 8.0 cm and length 1.2 m. assume that urine has the same density as water, and that viscosity can be ignored for this flow.
A model as a tube of diameter 8.0 cm and length 1.2 m. assume that urine has the same density as water, the pressure is -9088 pa.
Calculation :
v = flowrate/area = 0.0060/π(0.04)² = 1.2 m/s
2). from Bernoulli's eqn ,
[tex]P_{bla}[/tex] - [tex]P_{atm}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{2}Pv _{2} ^{2}[/tex] + [tex]\frac{1}{2}Pv _{1} ^{2}[/tex] - ρgh1
[tex]P_{bla}[/tex] - [tex]P_{atm}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{2}Pv _{2} ^{2}[/tex] + 0 - ρgh1
ΔP = 1/2(1000)(1.19)² - (1000)(9.8)(1)
= 712.4 - 9800
= -9088 pa
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force normal to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these are units of force divided by units of area. For example, the SI unit of pressure, Pascal (Pa), is 1 Newton per square meter (N/m2).
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why do the hair straighteners not turn on when only switch s2 is closed?
When only switch s2 is closed the hat straightener will not turn on because the switches are connected In series. for current to flow all the switches must be closed
What is a closed circuit?A closed circuit is a circuit without interruption, providing a continuous path through which a current can flow.. This can be likened to two path ways connected by a bridge to make transportation flow. In a circuit the bridge is the switch or key.
An open circuit is a circuit where the path has been interrupted or "opened" at some point so that current will not flow. An open circuit is also called an incomplete circuit.
When the switch is closed then we will have a closed circuit.
When multiple switches are connected in series with each other, they all must be in the closed position for current to travel through the circuit, thereby energizing the load. The load is the hat straightener here.
Therefore the the hat straightener will not turn on because if only s2 is closed because s1, s2 and s3 are connected in series.
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The position of an object at any time t is given by: s(t) = x4 + 21x3 + 17x2 + 4x + 33 1. Determine the velocity of the object at any time t. 2. Does the object ever stop changing its position?
Given [tex]s(t) = t^{4} + 21t^{3} + 17t^{2} + 4t +33[/tex]
The velocity of the object at time t is [tex]v(t) = 4t^{3} + 63t^{2} + 34t + 4[/tex]
We know that, velocity is change in position with respect to time.
Therefore, [tex]v(t) = \frac{d[s(t)]}{dt}[/tex]
And it is given that [tex]s(t) = t^{4} + 21t^{3} + 17t^{2} + 4t +33[/tex]
So, differentiating above equation with respect to time t, we get
[tex]\\v(t) = \frac{d[s(t)]}{dt}\\\\ v(t) = \frac{d[t^{4} + 21t^{3} + 17t^{2} + 4t +33]}{dt} \\\\v(t) = 4t^{3} + 63t^{2} + 34t + 4[/tex]
For the second part of the equation, we need to find out if acceleration ever becomes zero. If acceleration is zero, it means the will stop changing it's position.
Now, we know that acceleration is change in velocity with respect to time.
Therefore, [tex]a(t) = \frac{d[v(t)]}{dt}[/tex]
[tex]a(t) = \frac{d[4t^{3} + 63t^{2} + 34t + 4]}{dt} \\\\a(t) = 12t^{2} + 126t +34[/tex]
Since acceleration becomes zero at two values of time t, therefore we can say that it will stop changing position.
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a particle moving in a straight line with constant acceleration has a velocity of 3 ms-1 at one instant, and 5 seconds later, it has a velocity of 23 ms-1. The value of t is
A particle has a velocity of 3 m/s at one instant and a velocity of 23 m/s after 5 seconds when it is travelling straight forward with constant acceleration, then t=5sec at a displacement of 65m.
Acceleration, which refers to the rate at which velocity varies over time in terms of both speed and direction, has a value of t of 5 seconds. A point or object going straight ahead is accelerated when it accelerates or decelerates. Even if the speed is constant, motion on a circle accelerates because the direction is always shifting. The equation a = v/t denotes acceleration (a), which is the change in velocity (v) over the change in time (t).
Total distance (S) = 23-3 = 20
Here v=23, u=3, time = 5sec
acceleration a= (v-u)/t
a=(23-3)/5
a=(20/5)
a=4
Now S=ut+ (1/2 *a *[tex]t^{2}[/tex])
S = 3(5) + (1/2 * 4 * 25)
S= 15+50
S= 65
t= 5 sec (time doesn't change here only displacement changes).
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4. If μs between a basketball shoe and a court is 0.56, and the normal reaction
force acting on the shoe is 350 N, how much horizontal force is required to
cause the shoe to slide?
mu sub s times N is the frictional force
which equals 196 N
so 196 newton force is required for the shoe to slide
Answer: 196 N
Explanation: The coefficient of static friction (μs) between two surfaces represents the maximum horizontal force that can be applied to an object before it begins to slide. The formula for calculating the required horizontal force to cause an object to slide is:
F = μs * N
where F is the required horizontal force, μs is the coefficient of static friction, and N is the normal reaction force acting on the object.
In this case, the required horizontal force to cause the basketball shoe to slide is:
F = 0.56 * 350 N
F = 196 N
So, a horizontal force of 196 N is required to cause the basketball shoe to slide on the court.
Fillet Welds
Design a welded connection for an MC 9 ×23.9 of A572 Grade 50 steel connected to a 3⁄8-inch-thick gusset plate. The gusset plate is A36 steel. Show your results on a sketch, complete with dimensions.
a. Use LRFD. b. Use ASD.
The minimum weld size is 3/16 inch (based on the gusset plate thickness). Maximum size = 0.400- 1/16 0.338 in., or 5/16 in to the nearest 1/16 in.
LRFD solution,
P = 1.2D+1.6L 1.2(48)+ 1.6(120) = 249. 6 kips
Try w = 3/16 in.,
OR, 1.392 x 3 sixteenths = 4.176 kips/in.
The base metal shear yield strength (gusset plate controls) is 0.6F, t=0.6(36)
Shear rupture strength is 0.45F₁ = 0.45(58)() = 9.788 kips/in..
The weld strength of 4.176 kips/in. governs. Both longitudinal and transverse welds will be used. To determine the required length of the longitudinal welds, investigate the two options specified in AISC J2.4(c). First, assuming the same strength for both the longitudinal and transverse welds,
Total required length of weld= 249.6 4.176 59. 77 in.
length of longitudinal welds = 59.77-9.00 = 25.39 in.
For the second option, the strength of the longitudinal welds is 0.85(4.176) 3.550 kips/in.
and the strength of the transverse weld is 1.5(4.176) 6.264 kips/in.
The load to be carried by the longitudinal welds is
249.6-9(6.264) = 193.2 kips so the required length of the longitudinal welds is 193.2 2(3.550) 27.21 in.
To minimize the length of the connection, use the maximum weld size permitted. Use W 5/16 in.
PR. 1.392 x 5 sixteenths 6.96 kips/in
First, assuming the same strength for both the longitudinal and transverse welds,
249.6
total required length of weld= = 35.86 in.
6.96
length of longitudinal welds = 35.86-9.00 13. 43 in. 2
For the second option, the strength of the longitudinal welds is
0.85(6.96) 5.916 kips/in.
and the strength of the transverse weld is
1.5(6.96) 10.44 kips/in.
The load to be carried by the longitudinal welds is
249.6-9(10.44) = 155. 6 kips
so the required length of the longitudinal welds is
155.6/ 2(5.916) =13. 15 in.
The second option requires slightly shorter longitudinal welds. Try a 9-inch transverse weld and two 13½-inch longitudinal welds. Check the block shear strength of the gusset plate.
Agy Any 2x (13.5) 10. 13 in.2
Ant= (9) = 3.375 in.2
R = 0.6FA+Ubs FuAnt 0.6(58) (10.13)+ 1.0(58) (3.375) 548. 3 kips with an upper limit of 0.6FyAg+UbsFuAnt 0.6(36) (10.13)+1.0(58) (3.375) 414. 6 kips (controls) The design strength is OR, 0.75(414.6) 311 kips > 249.6 kips.
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we can measure the expansion rate of the universe, and how the expansion rate is currently changing. if the current trend continues, in the future the universe will be expanding
The expansion rate of universe is measured in terms of hubble's constant, the expansion rate of universe has increased and at some point in future, it will stop expanding and start to shrink.
There was a lot of uncertainty about the universe's expansion rate before the Hubble telescope was launched. This value is required to calculate the universe's age, estimate its evolution over billions of years, and comprehend the forces that drive it. Astronomers were initially ecstatic when the expansion estimate was reduced to 10% accuracy. They are now approaching one percent accuracy after much perseverance and precise observations.
The cosmic clock can be rewound and the age of the universe calculated by precisely determining the expansion rate, known as the Hubble constant. However, Edwin Hubble's estimates of the universe's expansion implied that it was younger than the Earth and Sun. As a result, Hubble concluded that the redshift phenomenon was a previously unknown property of space rather than a measurement of true space velocity. Redshift was later discovered to be a result of the expansion of space itself, as predicted by Einstein's theory of special relativity.
Thus, by the current data it is noted that the universe is expanding quickly than though before, and if this continues , in the future at some point the universe will stop expanding and it will start shrinking.
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a solid conducting cylinder of radius r carries a current i. how must the current density vary with the distance r from the center of the conductor if the magnitude of the magnetic field within the conductor is the have the same value at all points.
The current density the magnitude of the magnetic field within the conductor is nevd.
The amount of current flowing per cross-sectional area is referred to as the current density and is expressed in amperes per square meter. As more current flows through a conductor, the current density rises. The term "current density" refers to the amount of current flowing through a material per unit cross-sectional area. Thus, the SI unit for current density must be ampere/m2. The current density is defined as the ratio of the current flowing through a conductor to its cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of current flow. The equation J=n e vd describes the interaction between drift velocity vd and current density J.
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TRUE/FALSE. a pan of enchiladas is served at a dinner party. its starts to cool according to newton's law of cooling
False. A pan of enchiladas is served at a dinner party and it does not start to cool according to Newton's law of cooling.
Newton's Law of Cooling states that the rate of heat loss of a body is proportional to the difference in temperatures between the body and its surroundings. This means that the hotter an object is compared to its surroundings, the faster it will cool.
Therefore, the rate of cooling of the enchiladas would depend on the temperature of the environment in which it is served. If the environment is a warm room, for example, the pan of enchiladas would cool at a slower rate than if it were served in a cold room.
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a block of mass 2.57 kg lies on a frictionless horizontal surface. the block is connected by a cord passing over a pulley to another block of mass 5.2 kg which hangs in the air, as shown. assume the cord to be light (massless and weightless) and unstretchable and the pulley to have no friction and no rotational inertia. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 Calculate the acceleration of the first block. Answer in units of m/s .
The acceleration of the two blocks are the same and it is 6.56 m/s².
The free-body diagram is in the attached picture.
Applying the Newton's second law of motion,
First block:
T = m₁a ....... (equation 1)
Second block:
m₂g - T = m₂a .... (equation 2)
Where:
m₁ = mass of the 1st block = 2.57 kg
m₁ = mass of the 2nd block = 5.2 kg
T = chord tension
a = acceleration
g = acceleration of gravity = 9.8 m/s²
Substitute equation 1 to equation 2
m₂g - m₁a = m₂a
( m₁ + m₂) a = m₂g
a = [m₂/( m₁ + m₂)] x g
= [5.2 / (2.57+5.2)] x 9.8
= 6.56 m/s²
Hence, the acceleration is 6.56 m/s²
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the picture shows different objects being weighed on scales. which ball will require the most force to lift? a the golf ball because it is the smallest in size b the beach ball because it is the largest in size c the soccer ball because it has the most mass d the baseball because it has the most material
Answer:
C. the soccer ball because it has the most mass
Explanation:
soccer ball - 410 g
beach ball - 110 g
baseball - 143 g
golf ball - 46 g
(i just took the test)
A spring with a force constant of 69 N/m is attached to a 0.57 kg mass. Assuming that the amplitude of motion is 3.1 cm, determine the following quantities for this system: (a) w, (b) vmax, (c) T.
The amplitude motions are W =≈ 12 rad/s , Vmax= 0.36 m/s , T= ≈ 0.54 s.
What is amplitude ?
Distance between a wave's resting position and its highest movement is known as amplitude. Frequency is the quantity of waves that pass past a certain place each second. Period is the amount of time it takes for a wave cycle to finish.
What is force?
Everyday activities like walking, setting something down on a surface, tossing something into the air, and even the tides' regular variations all include the application of force. The result of the interaction between two or more things, a force is a push or a pull.
a)w = √k/m = √(67/0.49) = 11.69336 ≈ 12 rad/s
b)v_max = A w = 0.031 * 11.69336 = 0.36 m/s
c)T = 2π/w = 2*3.14/11.69336 = 0.53706 ≈ 0.54 s
Therefore, the amplitude motions are W =≈ 12 rad/s , Vmax= 0.36 m/s , T= ≈ 0.54 s.
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15. Why are torque rods only really suitable for use in low Earth orbit?
The magnetic field is stronger.
The sensors are sensitive to gases.
The rotation is set at a fixed rate.
There is a limited amount of fuel.
Torque rods only really suitable for use in low Earth orbit due to the magnetic field is stronger option -1 is correct.
What is the process of a torque rod?By preventing the motor from rolling during the transfer of load, torque rods or torque roll restrictors reduce the effect of torque. The difficulties brought on by recovery functions are also addressed. They also stop vibration and noise from traveling from the motor block to the chassis, which limits motor roll.
Electromagnets used for attitude control on spacecraft are called torque rods. The spacecraft experiences a torque and changes in orientation when a current flows through the torque rod, creating a magnetic field that interacts with the geomagnetic field of the planet.
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A person is lying on a diving board 2.50 m above the surface of the water in a swimming pool. She looks at a penny that is on the bottom of the pool directly below her. To her, the penny appears to be a distance of 7.00 m from her. What is the depth of the water at this point?
2.50 m above the water's surface, a person is resting on a diving board in a swimming pool. The penny appears to be seven meters away from her in her field of vision.The depth of water from this point is 6m.
The distance of board from water surface is given as 2.50m and appeared distance of penny from eyes of the person in board is given as 7.00m so this means apparent distance of penny from eyes of the person is:-
Total appeared distance from eyes of the person when its above the board- distance of the board from surface of the water.
Which is given as
=7.00m - 2.50m
=4.5m.
As we look at something from rarer to denser medium the apparent depth of that object which appears to us decreases.
So real depth of water can be given to us by:-
Apparent depth=Real depth / vdr,
here vdr is refractive index of denser medium with respect to refractive index of rarer medium which is given by
vdr=vd / dr
=Refractive index of water / Refractive index of air
=43
Therefore apparent depth is
=4.54/3
=6m.
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Your camping buddy has an idea for a light to go inside your tent. He happens to have a powerful (and heavy!) horseshoe magnet that he bought at a surplus store. This magnet creates B = 0.15 T field between two pole tips 10 cm apart. His idea is to build a hand-cranked generator shown in Figure. He thinks you can make enough current to fully light a R = 1.0 ? lightbulb rated at 4.0W. That's not super bright, but it should be plenty of light for routine activities in the tent.
Crank 1.0 ?/4.0 w bulb
A. Find an expression for the induced current as a function of time if you turn the crank at frequency f. Assume that the semicircle has a radius of r = 5.0 cm and it is at its highest point at t = 0 s. Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables B, R, r, f, t, and the constant ?.
B. With what frequency will you have to turn the crank for the maximum current to fully light the bulb?
C. Is this feasible? (Yes or no)
The equation for the induced current as a function of time when the crank is turned at frequency f is I = 2*pi*r2*B*Force(sin (2*pi*force*t))/R. You will need to turn the crank at a frequency of 540.54 Hz.
To completely illuminate the bulb requires the maximum current. Furthermore, this frequency is not practical. The current that results from electromagnetic induction is known as the induced current. The production of electric power relies heavily on electromagnetic induction. Several methods exist for producing this change, including altering the magnetic field's strength,
B, r, R, f, and t are words that describe induced current.
I = E/R = r2*B*2pi*force*sin(2*pi*force*t)/R
Max current Imax = 3.70*10-3 = Imax/3.70*10-3 P = I2/R
Imax = ((4)1/2)/2 AMP F = (2.3.70*10-3) = 540.54Hz
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