The reticular formation controls the activity of the gamma motor system and thus regulates muscle tone.
Gamma motor system (γ motor neuron): It is a type of neuron system that takes part in muscle contraction. Their cell bodies are present in the anterior part of spinal cords which receives the activating input from the reticular formation of the pons in the brainstem. They are not directly involved in lengthening or shortening muscles rather they function in pulling or stretching muscle spindles which then maintain the firing of alpha neurons resulting in muscle contraction.
These gamma neurons are more active and effection when their axons are surrounded by myelin [a lipid-rich material] as compared to non-myelinated axons.
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DNA is coiled into chromosomes in a cell’s
Answer:
I DONT UNDERSTAND THE QUESTION
Explanation:
Medicine is an example of pure science.
True
False
Match the following terms and definitions.
1. a technique that uses rewards to increase a learned behavior
2.
a theory that behavior evolves to promote the greatest
fitness for the animal
long-term hormonal influences on animal behavior usually
occurring early in life
4. learning a behavior by observing and watching others
3.
organizational effects
social learning
operant conditioning
optimality theory
Explanation:
operant conditioning - a technique that uses rewards to increase a learned behavior
optimality theory -a theory that behavior evolves to promote the greatest fitness for the animal
social learning - learning a behavior by observing and watching others
organizational effects - long-term hormonal influences on animal behavior usually occurring early in life.
Hope it helps
Thyroid hormones A. regulate basal metabolic rate B. are released from the thyroid gland immediately after synthesis C. contain chromium and tyrosine as structural cofactors D. are tropic E. A and B
Thyroid hormones regulate basal metabolic rate.
The hormone known as thyroid hormone regulates your body's metabolism, or how your body turns the food you eat into energy.Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), the two primary hormones your thyroid secretes, together make up thyroid hormone.The thyroid gland creates hormones that control the body's metabolic rate, which affects bone growth and maintenance, heart, muscle, and digestive function.Thyroid hormones regulate the amount of energy expended during activity to the extent that people with thyroid disorders exercise more or less. They also have a direct impact on the basal or resting metabolic rate in humans and a permissive effect on small animals' adaptive thermogenesis.learn more about Thyroid hormones here: https://brainly.com/question/9251938
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Two genes are 14 map units apart on the X chromosome. What percent of the father's gametes will be recombinant
Two genes are separated by 14 map units on the X chromosome. The percentage of the father's gametes that will be recombinant is 30%.
How is the recombination rate calculated?To assess the occurrence of the permutation, the rate of recombination between two genes is determined. As the ratio is multiplied by 100, the value expresses the percentage of recombinant gametes in the total gametes. Thus, if the recombinant gametes make up 30% of the total, the recombination rate is 30%.
With this information, we can conclude that Parental Gametes are formed even if there is no recombination and appear in greater numbers. Recombinant Gametes are formed only if there is an exchange and appear in smaller numbers.
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which type of organism can obtain energy directly from any of the other organisms in an ecosystem? is it herbivour,producer decompocer or carnivour
Answer:
Herbivores
Explanation:
Herbivores obtain energy directly from producers (i.e green plants)
Diagnostic reagents useful for detecting antigen by the COAGGLUTINATION reaction may be prepared by binding antibody to killed staphylococcal cells via the Fc receptor of staphylococcal protein A. The class of antibody bound by this protein is:
Diagnostic reagents useful for detecting antigen by the COAGGLUTINATION reaction may be prepared by binding antibody to killed staphylococcal cells via the Fc receptor of staphylococcal protein A. The class of antibody bound by this protein is IgG.
IgG antibodies are monomers and do not agglutinate immediately (termed non-agglutinating antibodies).IgG antibodies are powerful molecules that have the special capacity to connect foreign particles to innate immune cells. IgG antibodies attach to cellular Fc receptors with a low affinity while recognizing antigens with a high affinity. Immune complexes are formed during these encounters, producing high-avidity interactions. Although numerous factors, including the IgG isotype and the makeup of the glycan on the IgG antibody, can affect the Fc receptor binding by IgG antibodies, the effector actions induced by IgG antibodies are strongly dependent on the kind of Fc receptor that is bound.learn more about antibody here: https://brainly.com/question/15382995
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Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of.
Answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Thus, Depending on whether ribosomes are present or not, the endoplasmic reticulum may be smooth or rough.
Small, spherical organelles called ribosomes produce the proteins that cells need.
They are also known as the cell's protein factories. Ribosomes are found in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells. The two forms of ER frequently give the impression of being distinct, yet they are actually parts of the same organelle, the endoplasmic reticulum.
Thus, Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
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Who was the first scientist to us phylogenetic taxonomy
Answer:
Charles Darwin (1859)
Explanation
Is usually credited as being the originator of modern phylogenetic trees, with contemporary taxa at the leaves and ancestors at the internal nodes.
Please help me
A portion of a bird
population resettles on an
island where they establish
a new population. This is an
example of
A. A predator-prey cycle
OB. The founder effect
C. A population bottleneck
D. Interspecific competition
Reset Selection
A portion of a bird population that resettles on an island where they establish a new population is an example of a founder effect (Option B).
What is founder effect?The founder effect is a process where individuals of a population migrate to a new area to generate a new population.
The founder effect is associated with genetic bottleneck because it reduces the genetic variation.
In conclusion, this portion of a bird population is an example of a founder effect (Option B).
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Compare and contrast genetic engineering to the process of natural selection select all statements that are are
Genetic engineering is due to the human selection of desired phenotypes, whereas natural selection is a slow process of differential survival and reproduction.
What does natural selection mean?According to the evolution theory, natural selection is a slow process of differential survival of the fittest organisms in a given environment.
Conversely, genetic engineering refers to the molecular biology techniques used in the laboratory to produce organisms expressing desired phenotypes.
In conclusion, genetic engineering is based on human molecular biology techniques, whereas natural selection refers to differential survival and reproduction in nature.
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Facilitated diffusion is a type of _______. Facilitated diffusion is a type of _______. passive transport active transport pinocytosis phagocytosis
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport.
What is facilitated diffusion?Facilitated diffusion is the process in which molecules diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane proteins, such as channels and carriers.Selective processEven though it involves transport proteins, it is passive because the solute is moving down the concentration gradient whereas in active process molecules move against concentration gradient.Small nonpolar molecules can easily diffuse across the cell membrane.Learn more about active and passive transport here:
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Pollination by birds is called:
w) autogamy
x) ornithophily
y) entomophily
z) anemophily
Answer:
x) OrnithophilyWhen pollination is carried out by birds, it is called "Ornithophily." Hummingbirds, spiderhunters, sunbirds, honeycreepers and honeyeaters are the most common species of birds who pollinate. Hummingbird facts.Explanation:
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[tex]\\ \red{MaggieEve}[/tex]
Which of the following are pictured below?
Image of a daughter cell containing two halves of a chromosome.
A. Spindle Fibers
B. Sister Chromatids
C. Homologous Chromosomes
D. Nuclear Envelope
Answer:
i think its
Explanation:
C right i don't know i think it's the right answer
Fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent movement in undesirable directions are called:
Fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent movement in undesirable directions are called ligaments
What is ligaments?Strong fibrous bands called ligaments connect the ends of the bones to form joints. By blocking or restricting excessive movement in an undesirable plane, they safeguard the joint.Fibrous bands (FB), distal to the cubital tunnel, are structures that span the ulnar nerve (UN) (CT). These FB have a considerable impact on UN visibility during surgical decompression of the UN in the elbow area during endoscopy.Learn more about ligaments here:
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If a transmembrane domain of protein contains beta-sheet structure, the overall structure of the transmembrane portion is likely a _
β-barrel
What is the structure of β-barrel proteins?A beta barrel is a beta sheet made of tandem repetitions that twists and coils to form a closed toroidal structure in protein structures. The first strand of the beta barrel is connected to the last strand (hydrogen bond). Many beta-barrels have an antiparallel arrangement of the beta-strands. The majority of them are proteins that are soluble in water and typically bind hydrophobic ligands in the middle of the barrel, like lipocalins. More than 600 proteins with a variety of functions have been shown to include the beta barrel shape.
In many cases, the strands contain alternating polar and non-polar (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) amino acids. As a result, the polar residues are oriented toward the solvent-exposed surface of the barrel and the hydrophobic residues are oriented into the interior of the barrel to form a hydrophobic core.
I understand the question you are looking for is this:
If a transmembrane domain of protein contains -sheet structure, the overall structure of the transmembrane portion is likely a ____________.
A) β-barrel
B) β-tube
C) β-turn
D) β-helix
E) none of the above
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Suppose a species lived in an environment that changed very little over millions of years. Which theory about how fast evolution occurs would most likely explain the evolution of that species?
Gradualism is referred to the theory about how fast evolution occurs in this type of species.
What is Gradualism?This type of evolutionary changes occurs gradually and not in large steps or volume.
This however explains why the species had very little changes for a very long time as a result of the environment being best suited for them.
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After allowing phages grown with bacteria in a medium that contained 32P and 35S, Hershey and Chase used a centrifuge to separate the phage ghosts from the infected cell. They then examined the infected cells and found that they contained _____, which demonstrated that _____ is the phage's genetic material. After allowing phages grown with bacteria in a medium that contained 32P and 35S, Hershey and Chase used a centrifuge to separate the phage ghosts from the infected cell. They then examined the infected cells and found that they contained _____, which demonstrated that _____ is the phage's genetic material. labeled DNA ... DNA labeled DNA ... labeled protein labeled protein ... DNA labeled protein .... protein labeled DNA .... protein
After allowing phages grown with bacteria in a medium that contained 32P and 35S, Hershey and Chase used a centrifuge to separate the phage ghosts from the infected cell. They then examined the infected cells and found that they contained 32P which demonstrated that DNA is the phage's genetic material.
Scientists weren't sure if a cell's genetic material was made up of proteins or DNA until the middle of the 20th century.It was known that some viruses could transmit their genetic material into hosts and only contained DNA and a protein coat.Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed several tests in 1952 to demonstrate that DNA was the genetic material.In order to radioactively label a particular viral component, viruses (T2 bacteriophage) were cultured in one of two isotopic media.Viral proteins that had been radiolabeled during growth in radioactive sulfur (35S) (sulfur is present in proteins but not DNA)Radiolabeled DNA was found in viruses growing in radioactive phosphorus (32P) (phosphorus is present in DNA but not proteins)After the viruses had a chance to infect the bacteria (E. coli), they were centrifuged to separate the bacteria from the virus.While the tiny viruses stayed in the supernatant, the larger bacteria formed a solid pellet.The 32P-viruses (DNA) were found to make the bacterial pellet radioactive, but not the 35S-viruses (protein)Because DNA was transferred to the bacteria, it was proven that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material.learn more about Hershey and Chase experiment here: https://brainly.com/question/14452453
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ANSWER QUICK
Identify the choice(s) by which carbon atoms may return to the atmosphere or water.
Group of answer choices
Respiration
all of the choices
Combustion
Erosion
The source by which carbon atoms may return to the atmosphere or water is respiration, combustion, as well as erosion. The correct option is B.
What is carbon cycle?The carbon cycle describes the continuous movement of carbon atoms from the atmosphere to the Earth and then back into the atmosphere.
Because our planet and its atmosphere form a closed system, the amount of carbon in this system remains constant.
It is critical for our planet's climate and carbon balance to remain stable. Carbon is the lifeblood of the Earth, and the carbon cycle regulates it naturally. The Earth would be frozen if it didn't have it.
The maximum amount of carbon is usually stored in rocks and sediments, with the remainder in the ocean, atmosphere, and living organisms.
Carbon atoms can return to the atmosphere or water through respiration, combustion, or erosion.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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Specifically, for cancer treatments, the CRISPR system targets DNA sequence for ____________ , proteins in which the genes have been mutated and are causing unregulated growth of a cell.
The CRISPR system targets DNA sequences for precisely cutting DNA and then letting natural DNA repair processes take over.
What is the CRISPR system?
CRISPR/Cas9 edits genes by accurately slicing DNA, which is then repaired by the body's mechanisms. The Cas9 enzyme and a guide RNA make up the system's two components. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, which some bacterial species use as a component of their antiviral defenses. Co-founder Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier and a team of researchers figured out how to employ this technology as a gene-editing tool (Jinek, et al. Science 2012) An enzyme known as a CRISPR-associated (Cas) endonuclease that functions as a "molecular scissors" to cut DNA where a guide specifies RNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic informational molecule that most organisms use to store the "instructions for life". Living beings employ ribonucleic acid (RNA), a molecule related to DNA, for a variety of tasks, including carrying and reading the DNA "instructions." RNA molecules known as "guide RNA" (gRNA) attach to Cas9.
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I need help with these questions
Answer:
1. Vacuole, nucleotide, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus can all occur in certain eukaryotes. I would say 2,3,4 is the safest answer but you might want to wait for someone else as well
2. B
Explanation:
person who has a weakened immune system may not be able to fight against infection because
Answer:
When your immune system is weakened, your body can't fight off viruses, bacteria, or fungi very well. This can lead to serious infections and can pose a major health risk.
root cap is the protective layer of root why?
three events on the earth where solar energy is used for natural phenomena
Answer:
Solar phenomena are the natural phenomena occurring within the outer atmosphere of the Sun. These phenomena take many forms, including solar wind, radio wave flux, solar flares, coronal mass ejections, coronal heating and sunspots.
Answer:
Sunspots, Solar flares, and Coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
Explanation:
Sunspots:
Sunspot pair surface phenomena occur when a magnetic flux tube breaks the star's surface, loops about, and then re-enters the star. These tubes have broken the surface after rising buoyantly from the internal depths. The lengthy response is substantially more difficult because the entire procedure is so challenging! Let's start with the most basic question: Why do magnetic flux tubes rise to the surface buoyantly at all? If you visualize a star in thermal equilibrium with a single, isolated horizontal (i.e., perpendicular to the direction of gravity) magnetic field tube. With the subscripts I for within the tube and e for outside the tube, the fluid's attributes are pressure, density, and temperature. Since stars are essentially in a state of hydrostatic equilibrium, the pressure inside and outside of the tube must be identical. However, because of the magnetic field, there is also magnetic pressure inside the tube. Thus, p e = p e + p m, where p m is the magnetic pressure, is what we have. Now that we are in thermal equilibrium, we can assume that T i = T e = T, the temperature inside and outside, is the same since thermal diffusion moves far more quickly than ohmic (magnetic) or viscous molecules. Since rho e > rho i must be true for these two sides to be in balance, the region with the magnetic field will rise since it is less dense and buoyant than the other side. In two truly outstanding publications published in 1955, Eugine Parker originally defined this process. He basically came up with a lot of theories about how the Sun's various aspects would develop, and after decades of testing, nearly all of these theories have proven to be accurate. He inspired the Parker Solar Probe, which I think is the first and only mission NASA has launched into orbit with his name attached. The reason why a tube of magnetic flux might ever form at the surface is solely explained by this one step (the answer being that it rises there from the deep interior due to a mechanism known as magnetic buoyancy). There is much more to this, including why the Sun even has a magnetic field, how it maintains the field, why sunspots are dark, why they behave in such a predictable way (see the butterfly diagram, which depicts the 11 or 22-year solar cycle by which sunspot pairs reverse polarity, migrate, and cycle in occurrence rate) and much more!
Solar flares:
An enormous, unexpected burst of energy from the Sun is known as a solar flare. They don't pose a serious threat to humanity since the Earth's atmosphere effectively shields us from them. However, they could be harmful to people and spacecraft beyond the Earth's atmosphere. A far greater event known as a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME), which involves the emission of a tremendous amount of energy as well as matter, can occasionally occur alongside solar flares. Again, the atmosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth provide protection for us people on the ground. Theoretically, if a CME orders of magnitude larger than anything we've ever seen were to be directed at Earth for some reason, it could overwhelm the magnetosphere and atmosphere and have a significant negative impact on biological life. However, at that point, you're not talking about a solar flare or a CME; rather, you're talking about some other mechanism that is disrupting the Sun.
Coronal mass ejections:
Strong, protracted solar flares and filament eruptions can cause large clouds of solar plasma, known as coronal mass ejections (or CMEs), to be flung away from the Sun. The OSO 7 spacecraft's coronagraph observations between 1971 and 1973 provided the first evidence of these dynamic occurrences. A tiny disk placed over the Sun by a coronagraph causes a solar eclipse. Because they are so weak, coronal mass ejections cannot be seen in any other way. White-light coronagraphs are equipped with the SOHO and STEREO spacecraft to find coronal mass ejections. Strong geomagnetic storms are mostly caused by coronal mass ejections, making them crucial to monitor. A coronal mass ejection is seen in the animation below as viewed by LASCO on board the SOHO satellite.
which molecule most likely has the greastest amount of stored energy in its bond
Answer:
O=C=O
Explanation:
can someone help with this activity please!
Answer:
Replicated DNA Sequence: CCC | CTC | TTA | CTT | TGA | CAA | ACA | TCG
Transcribed RNA Sequence: GGG | GAG | AAU | GAA | ACU | AUU | UGU | AGC
Mystery Word: GENETICS
Explanation:
Original DNA Sequence:
GGG | GAG | AAT | GAA | ACT | ATT | TGT | AGC
Replicated DNA Sequence: Adenine--Thymine, Guanine--Cytosine
CCC | CTC | TTA | CTT | TGA | CAA | ACA | TCG
Transcribed RNA Sequence: Adenine--Uracil
GGG | GAG | AAU | GAA | ACU | AUU | UGU | AGC
Mystery Word: Use the codon chart
G - E - N - E - T - I - C - S
Visual and hearing receptors are irreplaceable, but the taste and olfactory receptors are continuously renewed True False
The statement "although taste and olfactory receptors are constantly renewed, visual and auditory or hearing receptors are irreplaceable." is true.
Visual Receptors: Rods and cones are the two types of cells present in the retina of the eye. They work as visual receptors which establishes a synaptic network involving neurons which connects the receptors to brain and help us in visualizing. However loss of neurons in the retina because of any kind of physical or biological damage permanently cuts the connection of receptors with brain and it cannot be replaced naturally.
Hearing receptors: Inside the ears there is a small structure known as cochlea which contains the Organ of Corti which further contains the hair cells [sensory cells] working as hearing receptors but research till date concludes that mammalian cochlear hair cells do not regenerate, either spontaneously or after damage.
Taste receptors: The small little bumps present of our tongue are known as papillae which functions as taste receptors as they contain taste buds. Scientifically there taste buds die off and regenerate every few weeks.
Olfactory receptors: These receptors keep on replacing due to continuous differentiation of basal cells which develop and are capable of reestablishing the connection with Central nervous system.
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What is the main difference between a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell?
Answer:
The primary distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.
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What other system of measurements is still used by a few countries?
Explanation:
555555dddfffccccvvbkf
Find the missing link:
Answer:
biotic
Explanation: