Explanation:After ingestion, caffeine is quickly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulatory system [17, 18]. The maximum plasma concentration is reached after 30-60 minutes from consumption. However, maximum plasma concentrations reached between 15 and 120 min have been reported, due to inter-individual differences and delayed gastric emptying. Caffeine is widely distributed through the body. The pre-systemic (i.e., first-pass) metabolism takes place in the liver, since orally ingested substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the portal circulation, before entering the systemic one. Caffeine’s pre-systemic metabolism is negligible [17] and, once caffeine is absorbed, it promptly gets into all the body tissues and crosses the blood-brain, blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers [17, 19]. The hepatic microsomal enzyme system is in charge of caffeine metabolism in the liver.
A farmer grows potatoes by cutting them up with eyes and planting the pieces containing the eyes. The means by which the farmer grows potatoes is known as?.
Answer:
this method is known as vegetative method in which potatoes reproduce asexually
Site staff should report an unexpected serious adverse event (sae) to the sponsor within _______ after becoming aware of the event. a. 5 day b. 2 weeks c. 24 hours d. 30 days e. 72 hours
Answer:
C
Explanation:
they should report it between 24-48 hours
Staff should be aware of whom to contact and how to do so when unfavorable circumstances happen, as well as the timeliness requirements. Thus, option C is correct.
What staff should report an unexpected adverse event?
Any serious adverse event, including those listed in the protocol or investigator brochure, must be reported to the sponsor by an investigator .
(if they are not sponsor-investigators) within 24 hours of learning about them, whether they are thought to be drug-related. The report must also include an evaluation of whether the event was drug-related.
The independent safety monitoring body (i.e., DSMB or Safety Officer) and the NIA must receive an accelerated report of an SAE within 24 hours.
The occurrence being reported to the Investigator or as defined in the DSMP. This report can be sent through phone, fax, or email.
Therefore, they should report it between 24-48 hours.
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what is the answer for this question?
Answer:
The answer is B
Explanation:
Hope it helps
how do cells depend on diffusion and osmosis
Answer: to help regulate the cells, if cells did not perform osmosis and diffusion they would become hypotonic and shrivel up, or hypertonic and burst, osmosis and diffusion help to keep cells isotonic, it also helps with the movement of molecules in and out of the cell and between cells
Explanation:
how do you use the microscope differently when looking at objects under low power versus high power?????
The microscope is used differently when looking at objects under low power versus high power as you boost the magnification and the field of view narrows. On low power, you can make out more of an object.
The depth of focus diminishes each time you choose a greater power. As a result, at higher magnification, less of the material is in focus. The amount of light that penetrates your eye is greatest when the power is low. Resolving power, or the capability to discern two neighboring objects as distinct is diminished as you increase the power. Adjust the light to make up for the loss (sometimes called the iris diaphragm).
The deepest attention is achieved on targets with the lowest power. The depth of focus diminishes each time you choose a greater power. As a result, at higher magnification, less of the material is in focus. Once more, this makes it simpler to focus on an object when using low power before moving to a higher power.
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Air enters the nasal cavity. It goes into the pharynx and moves into the trachea. Air enters the right and left bronchus, where it is then delivered to the lungs. After air enters the alveoli, oxygen moves through the wall of the alveoli and into the blood. Then, carbon dioxide and water pass from the blood out into the air through the alveoli, also.
What process is being described?
Circulation
Excretion
Immune response
Respiration
The process describes in the question about the passage of air from nasal cavity to the alveoli is: respiration.
Alveoli is also called the air sac. It is a very minute structure present in various numbers all around the lungs. The purpose of alveoli is to increase the surface area of the lungs so that more and more air can be respired through the lungs. The cell wall of alveoli is very thin in order to mediate the exchange of gases.
Respiration is the process of gaseous exchange in the body of all living organisms. Several organisms have different kind of organs for respiration. The different organs are: lungs, gills, skin, etc.
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In a culture of bacteria, there are some individuals that are unable to synthesize histidine. What is the best and most likely description of how these individuals differ from the other bacteria in the culture?.
The individual bacteria that cannot synthesize histidine in the culture are likely to be genotypically and phenotypically different from the rest of the culture.
What is mutation?Mutation refers to sudden changes to the DNA sequence of organisms. Mutation can be silent without producing any physical effect.
A mutation can also be harmful to organisms. Once a modification is made to the DNA of some individual organisms out of the entire population of the same organism, such individuals are said to be mutants.
If the mutation has physical manifestations, the mutants will be both genotypically and phenotypically unique from the rest of the population.
If the mutation is silent, the mutants will be genotypically unique from the rest of the population, not phenotypically.
In this case, some individual bacteria in the entire culture are not able to synthesize histidine. Thus, these individuals will be different from the rest of the population both in genotype and phenotype.
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what is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplast
NEED HELPP ASAP PLEASEE!! :)
7. Why is it impossible for a paper clip to contain the enzyme catalase?
Answer:
Because they have to use for the rate of the reaction rate of the chemical reaction like other temperature affect the reaction of the engine catalysis.
Answer:
Hydrogen peroxide separate to catalase to prevent reaction from starting before the desired temperature
Explanation:
Which individual below would be considered to be homozygous?
A. Tt
B. bb
C. Bb
Answer:
A
Explanation:
because
why not
Answer:B. bb
Explanation:
Pick an environmental factors that impacts enzyme activity (Temperature , pH, or substrate concentration ) and explain how it affects the rate of the enzyme. *
Enzyme- a substance, usually produced by plants and animals, which helps a chemical change to happen more quickly, without being changed itself. All living things have enzymes. Our bodies naturally produce enzymes.
The factors that impacts enzyme activity are:-
Temerature: Raising temperature speeds up a reaction, and lowering temperature slows down a reaction. However, very high temperatures can cause an enzyme to denature(lose its shape).
pH: When the pH value of the reaction medium changes, the shape and structure of the enzyme will change. Enzyme activity is at its maximum value at the optimum pH.
Substrate Concentration: As the substrate concentration increases so does the rate of enzyme activity. An optimum rate is reached at the enzyme's optimum substrate concentration.
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The acid hydrogen fluoride can be dissolved in water. Will the pH of the solution change? Explain.
Answer: water has a pH of 6.5-8.5. If an acid is dissolved in the water, the pH will become more acidic, therefore dropping in number.
explain three others disadvantage of commercial agriculture
Answer:
The disadvantages of commercial agriculture are that it is more damaging to the environment since it uses more chemicals than subsistence agriculture.
Explanation:
in which two ways do plant cells use the sugar made in photosynthesis?
A. to store inorganic matter
B. to produce phosphate group
C. to supply the plant with energy for life
D. to make other types of organic molecules
Answer:
C, and D
Explanation:
Hope it helps!
The two ways in which plant cells use the sugar made in photosynthesis are C. to supply the plant with energy for life and D. to make other types of organic molecules.
C. to supply the plant with energy for life: The sugar produced during photosynthesis, typically in the form of glucose, serves as a primary source of energy for plant cells. Through cellular respiration, the sugar is broken down in the mitochondria, releasing energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is the energy currency of cells and is used for various metabolic processes necessary for plant life, such as growth, reproduction, transport of molecules, and maintaining cellular functions.
D. to make other types of organic molecules: Plant cells utilize the sugar produced in photosynthesis as a building block for the synthesis of other organic molecules. Glucose serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates, such as starch and cellulose, which are important for energy storage and structural support in plants. Additionally, the sugar is used to synthesize lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules that are essential for various cellular processes, including growth, development, signaling, and defense mechanisms.
By using the sugar produced in photosynthesis to supply energy and as a source of carbon and energy for synthesizing other organic molecules, plant cells ensure their own survival, growth, and overall metabolic functions. This efficient utilization of sugars allows plants to carry out necessary processes and adapt to changing environmental conditions.
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Thermal Energy, Heat, Temperature Summary
Bro easy points just need a 7th grade version of thermal energy, heat, and temperature just a summary.
Give you 15 points
Answer: 7th graders man I'm in 10th grade, Heat, is thermal energy transferred from a hotter system to a cooling system that is in contact.
Explanation: Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in the system. would this help :P
what is the terrain, altitude, and humidity of the great barrier reef in austrailia?
Answer: The terrain of the great barrier reef =
The reef actually consists of some 2,100 individual reefs and some 800 fringing reefs (formed around islands or bordering coastlines). Many are dry at low tide; some have islands of coral sand, or cays; and others fringe high islands or the mainland coast of the reef.
The altitude =
The average sea bed level is approximately 40m. The highest point is 1,121m on Hinchinbrook Island. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 applies to areas between 1,000m below the sea bed to 915m above sea level.
The humidity =
The temperatures are recorded as average maximums of (Celsius) 30 degrees and average minimums of (Celsius) 21 degrees. The Tropical North has an average rainfall of 2010mm (an average of 168mm per month).
Explanation:
Hope this helped! <3 :)
I need help with this ASAP.
periodic table
Explanation:
No discussion too easy
What is the process by which early autotrophic prokaryotes produced oxygen.
They created stromatolites, which added oxygen to the atmosphere.
Autotropic prokaryotes :Prokaryotes that can reproduce independently produce organic compounds from carbon dioxide. Heterotrophic prokaryotes, in contrast, get their carbon from organic substances. The terminologies that describe how prokaryotes receive carbon and energy can be combined to further complicate the picture.
Phototrophs, which are autotrophic organisms that transform solar energy into chemical energy, first appeared within a billion years after the birth of the Earth.
Autotrophic eukaryote :Since plants can produce their own sustenance, they are referred to as autotrophs. Through the process of photosynthesis, plants create glucose using water, carbon dioxide, and solar energy. Some protist species also use photosynthesis to produce energy.
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A young woman suffering from prosopagnosia, an inability to identify faces, a disorder of object recognition associated with damage to the _____________ lobe of the brain.
A young woman suffering from prosopagnosia, an inability to identify faces, a disorder of object recognition associated with damage to the Occipital lobe of the brain.
The occiptal lobe is known as the visual processing area of the brain. In the brain, It sits at the back of the head. Part of it major functions are that: it is responsible for visual perception, including colour, form and motion. Damage to the occipital lobe can include: Difficulty with locating objects in environment. Difficulty with identifying colours (Colour Agnosia).
Prosopagnosia could occur when there is a damage to the occiptal lobe.
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how do plants try to reduce water loss at night- include word stomata
Explanation:
Stomata open during the day in most of the plants so automatically, respiration will slow down during the night.
Question 2 of 10
Which statement best describes the movement of materials across a cell
membrane using active transport?
OA. They move back and forth to keep both concentrations at zero.
OB. They move from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
OC. They move back and forth randomly between areas of different
concentrations.
OD. They move from an area of lower concentration to an area of
higher concentration.
Describe and compare the sources of Earth's External Energy. (earth and space science)
The sun is Earth's primary source of external energy. It perfectly heats our planet to the point where life can flourish.
Sunlight is a clean, renewable source of energy. It is a sustainable resource, meaning it doesn't run out, and can be maintained because the sun shines almost every day.
In one second the sun converts 4 million tons of mass into energy in the form of heat and electromagnetic radiation.
The solar constant is how much sunlight power reaches the earth. On average, this value is roughly 1400 watts-per-square-meter. In terms of energy, this equates to about 1.8 × 10¹⁷ joules/second.
Out of the average, total amout of mass the sun converts to energy, the earth captures only 6.25 × 10-⁸%. This is an extremely small percentage , but if it all could be harnessed to use for our electricity needs, we would have more than enough.
Solar energy is perennial and non-polluting.
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You are asked to perform a fermentation test with your unknown bacteria, using a technique known as stab culturing. What can you conclude if the test came back purple?.
While performing a fermentation test with an unknown bacteria by using stab culturing technique. if the test result came out purple you can conclude that the culture is basic and your unknown bacteria cannot metabolize arabinose.
Originally sold as a sweetener, arabinose inhibits the action of sucrase, an enzyme in the small intestine that converts sucrose to glucose and fructose.
Agar plates and stab cultures are similar, except stab cultures are created in test tubes using solid agar. Inoculation needles or pipette tips are used to stab the agar's center, introducing bacteria. Then the bacteria flourish in the hole, the purple result means the bacteria present in the culture cannot consume the arabinose.
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List the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis. What part(s) of the plant are responsible for taking in each of the output
Water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight-derived energy are the inputs, and glucose and oxygen are the products of photosynthesis.
What is Photosynthesis?In simple terms this process photosynthesis is where plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.
Which area of the plant is in charge of absorbing each input?Light energy, the substance in the form of water received via the roots, and carbon dioxide absorbed through the leaves are the inputs to photosynthesis.
What are photosynthesis’s inputs and outputs? What enters and leaves a cell during respiration?Herein Water and carbon dioxide are totally changed into oxygen and glucose during the process of photosynthesis. The plant consumes glucose and produces oxygen as this byproduct. Oxygen and glucose are exactly transformed into water and into carbon dioxide during cellular respiration.
By-products of this process includes a total of carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, which is turned into a kind of energy.
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Consider the following planned experiment. Which variable is being tested in this experiment
The variable is being tested in this experiment is vitamins.
The correct option is C.
What is an experiment?An experiment can be described as a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.
The factor Vitamin is being tested in this experiment. For an experiments to be valid, it is necessary that we have an experimental group as well as a control group.
In this experiment under consideration, all other factors have the same experimental group as well as the same control group except for the factor vitamin.
The factor vitamin has a experimental group in which the particular vitamin is given to the object of test and a control group in which the vitamin is not given to the object.
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Full question here:
Consider the following planned experiment.
Which variable is being tested in this experiment?
A. Housing
B. Type of food
C. Vitamins
D. Amount of water
what is the number one factor when descending to the bottom of the ocean floor ?
What do the sand crabs prefer?
Hii please help i will give brainliest to whoever is correct !! :)
Which of the following is not typically represented by pyramids in ecology?
mass
energy flow
populations in ecology
predator and prey relationships
Answer:
B i think
Explanation:
just guessing it
The entire structure above is a 
According to the theory of endosymbiosis, a
mitochondria or chloroplast may have been a prey
species and was engulfed by a cell or it could have
been a parasite that entered the cell WHY do
scientists think that the cell did not destroy or remove
these structures?
Endosymbiotic theory explains about mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells that were once aerobic bacteria that were absorbed by a large anaerobic bacteria . This theory define the ancestry of eukaryotic cells.
Endosymbiotic theory states that a prokaryotic cell was consumed or engulfed by a larger cell. By some unknown reason, the prokaryotic organelle was not consumed. Thus , these structure were not destroyed or removed . Mitochondria and chloroplasts provides evidence for their endosymbiotic origin by having their own DNA . It is one of the major determinable factor for origin of life that involves development of a molecule that can store information and catalyze reactions.
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Answer: Because the structures benefit the cells.
Explanation: