Answer: Osteoblasts B is the correct answer
Explanation:
Osteoblasts are the bone cells that are primarily responsible for synthesizing bone matrix proteins and minerals during early bone formation in the embryo
List the end products of digestion for carbohydrates, fats, proteins.
There are enzymes secreted in the saliva, stomach, duodenum, and from the pancreas.
What are the names of these enzymes what do they act on?
The end products of digestion for carbohydrates, fats, proteins are as follows:
Carbohydrates: Glucose
Fats: Fatty acids and glycerol
Proteins: Amino acids
The digestive enzymes secreted in the saliva, stomach, duodenum, and from the pancreas and their respective substrates are as follows:
Saliva: Salivary amylase (acts on starch), lingual lipase ( acts on fats) and lysozymes (kills pathogenic particles which might have entered the oral cavity via food intake).
Stomach: Pepsin (acts on proteins) and gastric lipase (acts on triglycerides).
Duodenum: Duodenal enterokinase ( acts on trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen) Maltase (acts on maltose), Lipase (acts on lactose) and Sucrase ( acts on sucrose).
Pancreas: Trypsinogen (inactive form of trypsin), chymotrypsinogen (inactive form of chymotrypsin), elastases (acts on elastin), Lipase ( acts on dietary fat molecules), protease (acts on dietary proteins) and pancreatic amylase (acts on starch molecules).
How do the digestive enzymes secreted in saliva work?Salivary amylase: Digestion of carbohydrates also starts in the mouth. The amylase produced by the salivary glands, breaks down complex carbohydrates i.e, primarily cooked starch into shorter chains or even simple sugars. It's also known as ptyalin at times.
Lingual lipase: The mouth is where lipid digestion begins. Lingual lipase initiates the breakdown of lipids and fats.
Lysozyme: Because food contains microorganisms like bacteria and viruses in addition to important nutrients, it has a limited but nevertheless useful antiseptic function during digestion.
How do the digestive enzymes secreted in stomach work?Pepsin: The primary stomach enzyme is pepsin. It is created by the principal cells of the stomach, which are zymogens that manufacture pepsinogen, an inactive form of the digestive enzyme. The stomach acid then converts pepsinogen into its active form, pepsin. Pepsin breaks down the protein in the diet into more manageable pieces like amino acids and fragments of peptides. As a result, protein digestion primarily begins in the stomach, as opposed to carbohydrate and lipid digestion, which begins in the mouth.
Gastric lipase: It is an acidic lipase that is released by the gastric main cells of the stomach's fundic mucosa. Its pH ranges from 3-6. Gastrointestinal lipase and lingual lipase are the two acidic lipases namely. These lipases do not require bile acid or colipase for effective enzymatic action, in contrast to alkaline lipases (like pancreatic lipase). Gastric lipases act on triglyceride molecules to produce fatty acids and glycerol.
How do the digestive enzymes secreted in duodenum work?Duodenal enterokinase: Trypsinogen is activated into its active i.e, trypsin by the duodenal enzyme enterokinase.
Maltase: Helps in conversion of maltose into glucose.
Lactase: Helps in breaking down of lactose into glucose and galactose.
Sucrase: Breaks down sucrose to produce glucose and fructose.
How do the digestive enzymes secreted in pancreas work?Trypsinogen: Produced as an inactive (zymogenic) protease which is turned into trypsin in the duodenum. Trypsin breaks down proteins at their fundamental amino acids. The duodenal enzyme enterokinase converts trypsinogen into its active form, trypsin.
Chymotrypsinogen: When duodenal enterokinase activates the inactive (zymogenic) protease chymotrypsinogen, it transforms into the enzyme chymotrypsin, which degrades proteins at their aromatic amino acids.
Carboxypeptidase: A protease which removes the protein's terminal amino acid group.
Elastases: Break down various proteins, including elastin.
Pancreatic lipase: Triglycerides are broken down by pancreatic lipase into two fatty acids and a monoglyceride.
Several nucleases, such as DNAase and RNAase, break down nucleic acids.
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The end products of the digestion of carbohydrates are monosaccharides like glucose, fats are fatty acids and glycerol, and proteins are amino acids.
What are the enzymes that help in the digestion process?
Salivary amylase (ptyalin) is a cleavage enzyme produced by the salivary glands that help in the digestion of carbohydrates and converts them into glucose.
Pepsin is an enzyme secreted by the stomach that serves to digest proteins found in the ingested food.
Gastric lipase is an acidic lipase secreted by the gastric chief cells in the fundic mucosa of the cells that helps in the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Pancreatic enzymes include trypsin and chymotrypsin in the digestion of proteins, amylase in the digestion of carbohydrates, and lipase to break down fats.
Hence, Digestive enzymes are a group of enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption into the cells of the body.
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Which chemical can be used to test for the presence of starch?
Garrod hypothesized that inherited diseases such as alkaptonuria, the inability to metabolize the chemical alkapton, occur because.
Genes control the generation of particular enzymes, and persons with the condition have genetic flaws that prevent them from producing some of those enzymes.
What is Garrod's theory regarding inherited metabolic mistakes?Sir Archibald Garrod, a British physician, coined the phrase "inborn error of metabolism" in 1908. He theorized that inherited conditions like alkaptonuria and albinism are caused by enzymes that are either inactive or completely absent from specific metabolic pathways.
Which theory did Garrod put out regarding alkaptonuria?Alkaptonuria was referred to as a "inborn mistake of metabolism" by Archibald Garrod in 1902. He suggested that a specific flaw in the biochemical process for getting rid of liquid wastes results from gene mutation. This mistake is reflected in the disease's phenotype, which is dark urine.
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Which characteristics are present in a crustacean?
Characteristics of crustacean are as follows:
a segmented body with two pairs of antennae, jointed limbs, and usually two branches on each limb (referred to as biramous),gills.
The crustacean group, which contains all species in the clade Pancrustacea with the exception of hexapods, can be thought of as a subphylum of the clade Mandibulata, according to new molecular studies. Few crustaceans are more closely related to other hexapods and insects than other crustaceans.
Crustaceans are typically marine aquatic animals. Some residents have settled there permanently. Land-based crustaceans include, for example, crabs and woodlice.
Crustaceans are almost universally dioecious. Numerous methods can be used to fertilize an organism. While some crustaceans develop into tiny adults, others go through a nauplius stage as larvae.They are related to insects.
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The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis.
The side-by-side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis is called Synapsis.
In meiosis I, there are 4 subphases: Homologous chromosomes align themselves side by side during prophase I. They are touching each other on a physical level. Synapsis is the term for this procedure. Crossing over takes place at synapsis. Synaptonemal complex formation takes place during the meiotic prophase along with the pairing of homologous (maternal and paternal) chromosomes, physical contact, and DNA exchange through reciprocal sites of crossing over (chiasmata) between homologs.
Homologous chromosomes pair with their counterparts during meiosis and remain connected as a result of the exchange of genetic material. This process is known as synaptic plasticity. To lessen the genetic makeup of the final gamete cells, homologous chromosomes are coupled and then separated during meiosis.
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The given question is incomplete. The complete question is:
The side-by-side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis is called____________.
11. All of the following are disadvantages of using wind energy EXCEPT
O visual impacts.
O unreliable production.
O air pollution.
O noise pollution.
All of the following are disadvantages of using wind energy except air pollution.
Any mechanical energy that is produced by wind or any naturally occurring airflow is referred to as wind energy.
Unpredictability, danger to animals, low-level noise, unattractiveness, and the restricted number of areas that can support wind turbines are a few of the key drawbacks of wind energy.
On the plus side, wind energy is one of the most economical forms of electricity and is a clean, renewable energy source. On the negative side, wind turbines may be noisy, and unsightly, and can have a negative impact on the surrounding natural environment.
Wind energy is intermittent, like solar energy, which means that turbines are dependent on the weather and can't produce electricity constantly.
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At a gaba-ergic synapse, the postsynaptic receptor for the gaba neurotransmitter is which type of channel?.
One of the most often prescribed classes of psychoactive medicines is benzodiazepines, which are positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of developmentally mature mammals. Reduced neuronal excitability across the nervous system must be its main goal. GABA is offered as a dietary supplement in various nations.
When GABA activates GABAA receptors, chloride ions are able to cross the cell membrane through ligand-activated chloride channels. Whether the chloride flow is depolarizing, shunting, or inhibitory/hyperpolarizing depends on the direction of the flow.
Benzodiazepines are thus positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors and one of the most often prescribed classes of psychotropic medications.
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A solid with volume 12 cubic units is dilated by a scale factor of k. Find the volume of the image for 1/4
The volume of the image for 1/4 is 3/16 cubic units.
You can make use of the idea that the solid is composed of 12 cubes, each with a side length of one unit. For k = 1/4, the volume of the dilated solid's image is 3/16 cubic units.
Given that the initial solid had 12 cubic units. Its volume was the same as the sum of the volumes of 12 cubes with a unit side length. Given that the scale factor of the dilation is k, each cube's side length has been multiplied by k.
Now, V = 12 x k^3 gives the volume of a 12-cube pyramid whose sides are each k units long. Given that k = 1/4, we can calculate V as follows: 12 x (1/4)^3 = 3/16 unit3. Therefore, for k = 1//4, the volume of the dilated solid's image is 3/16 cubic units.
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If flower color exhibits incomplete dominance, a cross between red and white flowers will give what color offspring?.
A cross between red and white flowers will give pink color offspring.
Partial dominance is the term used to describe the inheritance pattern that arises when both alleles are present because neither allele is dominant over the other. Only somewhat more dominant than the white bloom allele is the red flower allele. Red and white are combined to make pink. Similar to complete dominant and recessive crosses, the results of a hybrid with partially dominant alleles can still be predicted. Due to the white background of the flower petals, the anthocyanin pigment produced by the red allele appears pink in the heterozygote. This is the only explanation that makes sense for the heterozygote's intermediate color.
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What is the purpose of microtubules during Mitosis
Answer:
During mitosis, microtubules similarly extend outward from duplicated centrosomes to form the mitotic spindle, which is responsible for the separation and distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells.
When growing cultures, the agar is ________ to separate pathogenic colonies of organisms from colonies of normal flora.
When growing cultures, the agar is inoculated to separate pathogenic colonies of organisms from colonies of normal flora.
Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) specifies effective antibiotic dosage and helps in therapy and proper management of an individual patient's health against deadly infections. Antibiotic susceptibility testing is often essential in order to determine which antibiotics to use against a specific strain of bacterium.
Hence, Agar is an ideal solidifying agent for microbiological media because of its melting properties and because it has nutritive value for the vast species of bacteria.
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Which tatement bet decribe the tep in mucle contraction when the arcomere i the hortet?
The arcomere i contracted, and the actin and myoin filament are partially overlapped. The arcomere i relaxed, and the actin and myoin filament are partially overlapped. The arcomere i contracted, and the actin and myoin filament are completely overlapped. The arcomere i relaxed, and the actin and myoin filament are completely overlapped
The myosin head bends, pulling the skinny filament towards the muscle of the sarcomere statement guess describes the step in muscle contraction whilst the sarcomere I the hotel.
Whilst (a) a sarcomere (b) contracts, the Z strains pass nearer together and the I band receives smaller. The A band remains the equal width and, at full contraction, the thin filaments overlap. when a sarcomere shortens, some regions shorten while others stay the same length.
Upon muscle contraction, the A-bands do not exchange their duration, while the I-bands and the H-quarter shorten. This reasons the Z traces to come back closer collectively.
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Match the variables used to describe streams to their descriptions.
a. The rate of water flow expressed as volume per unit of time
b. The slope of the stream bottom
c. Used to describe the channel pattern
d. The loose sediment and dissolved chemicals being carried by the stream
e. The amount of earth material waiting to be moved by a stream
1. Discharge
2. Gradient
3. Sinuosity
4. Load
5. Available sediment
The correct answers/matches are: a-1, b-2. c-3, d-5, e-4. Flow rate is defined as the volume of water flowing over a given surface per unit of time. In simpler terms, it is the speed at which water flows through a pipe.
Water velocity, pipe diameter, and frictional losses all affect volumetric flow. River Slope – The river slope, or the number of drops per mile measured between two points along the river path.
a. The flow rate of water expressed in volume per unit time is Discharge.
b. The slope of the mountain stream bottom is Gradient
c. A third sine wave is used to represent the channel pattern is Sinuosity.
d. loose sediment and dissolved chemicals carried by the stream is sediment available.
e. The amount of dirt material waiting to be moved by the stream is load.
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A ______ joint occurs where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissue.
Answer:
Fibrous
What are Fibrous joints?
They are bones that are joined by dense connective tissue that is rich mostly in collagen fibers. The joints all together are called sutures
what potential disadvantage does the alternate pathway of fructose catabolism in the liver introduce as compared to glucose catabolism?
There are fewer regulatory stages in sugar catabolism than in glucose catabolism.
What does a high glucose level mean?In cases of hyperglycemia, the body does not produce enough insulin, resulting in high blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia, a sign of diabetes, can lead to vomiting, excessive thirst and hunger a rapid heartbeat, eyesight issues, and other symptoms. Serious health issues might result from uncontrolled hyperglycemia.
Is blood sugar the same as glucose?The primary sugar in your blood is called blood sugar, or glucose. Your body uses it as its primary source of energy, and it originates from of the food you eat. All of the cells in your body receive glucose from your blood to be used as fuel. Diabetes is a condition in which you have too high levels of blood sugar.
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explain why the maternal strategy typically used by phocids is different from the maternal strategy used by otariids
Phocid maternal techniques fluctuate from that of the otariids, particularly by using a shorter lactation duration and maternal fasting for the duration of the entire lactation period.
Reported obstetric care interventions were basically secure delivery care interventions and the supply of basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care (EmOC), together with cesarean sections. different obstetric care interventions covered the education of healthcare employees and referral for care.
Phocids are also called earless seals or “real” seals. they've ear holes, but no external ear flaps. in addition, they have small front flippers and circulate on land by flopping along on their bellies. At sea, those seals circulate their rear flippers back and forth like a fish's tail to propel themselves through the water.
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In this unit, we learned about severe weather disasters and their repercussions. According to Murphy, explain how reducing the initial emergency response by one day can reduce the overall recovery by 1000 days?
Answer:According to Murphy it has been concluded that to accelerate the emergency response,autonomous robots and unmanned machines can be used.
Explanation: Don't ask how i know it :)
Answer: The correct answer is : According to studies carried out, it has been concluded that to accelerate the emergency response one day, autonomous robots and unmanned machines can be used. In this way the recovery time can be reduced by one thousand (1000) days or almost three years.
Explanation: I Jus know it
true or false: vancomycin is more widely used to treat gram-positive bacteria that have become resistant to methicillin, a problem especially in hospitals and the community at large.
It is true that Vancomycin is a widely used glycopeptide antibiotic that is effective against most Gram-positive bacteria including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus species.
What is gram-positive bacteria?Bacteria having thick cell walls are classified as Gram-positive bacteria. These organisms show positive in a Gram stain test. The chemical dye used in the test colours the bacterium's cell wall purple. Staphylococcus (catalase-positive), which grows in clusters, and Streptococcus (catalase-negative), which grows in chains, are examples of Gram-positive cocci. Staphylococci are further classified as coagulase-positive (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative (S. epidermidis and S. aureus). Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall that is surrounded by an outer lipopolysaccharide-containing membrane. Gram-positive bacteria lack an outer membrane but are surrounded by peptidoglycan layers that are many times thicker than those found in Gram-negative bacteria.
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What are the characteristics of Weberian bureaucratic?
Answer:
no they are not live
Explanation:
Characteristics of Weberian bureaucratic are:
specialization and division of laborformal written recordscompetence for job appointmentsstandard operating proceduresimpersonality in bureaucracy.What is Weber's theory of bureaucracy?
Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy is an approach that proposes a specific way to manage an organization. It proposes that the most appropriate way to run an organization is to structure it into a rigid hierarchy of individuals governed by strict rules and regulations.
What is an example of bureaucratic theory?
An Army division is broken down into brigades. The brigades are broken down further into battalions. Battalions are divided into companies, and companies are broken down into platoons.
Thus, these are the 5 characteristics of Weberian bureaucracy.
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what stimulates chemoreceptors to increase breathing rate and depth? group of answer choices excess co2 needs to be removed po2 was too high blood ph was too alkaline more o2 is required
Excess [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] needs to be removed as it stimulates chemoreceptors to increase breathing rate and depth.
So, the correct option is A.
The rate and depth of breathing are both augmented by hypoxia-induced increased chemoreceptor activity or an increase in carbon dioxide partial pressure, which returns oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures to normal levels. When the chemical makeup of their immediate environment changes, chemoreceptors are stimulated. Chemoreceptors come in a variety of forms and are found all over the body. They aid in controlling functions such as taste, smell, and breathing.
The strongest stimulus to take deeper breaths more frequently typically occurs when the concentration of carbon dioxide rises. In contrast, the brain reduces the number of breaths taken and their depth when the blood's carbon dioxide concentration is low.
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Which of the following occurs during the latent period of muscle contraction?
a. Acetylcholine is released at the axon terminal.
b. Acetylcholine is released at the axon terminal and an action potential is generated.
c. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Option c is correct Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The action potential is moving over the sarcolemma during the latent phase. The sarcoplasmic Ca++ ions connect to troponin during the contraction phase, tropomyosin departs from actin-binding sites, cross-bridges develop, and sarcomeres contract.
The time it takes for an action potential to reach the muscle fiber, depolarize the sarcolemma (the cell membrane of the muscle cell), and let calcium to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is known as the latent period of a muscle twitch (an organelle in the muscle cell that stores calcium).The time interval between the generation of an action potential in a muscle cell and the beginning of muscle contraction is known as the latent period. Describe the mechanism by which the fibers of skeletal muscles couple excitation and contraction.
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which of the following describes fat-soluble vitamins? multiple choice they are absorbed directly from the gi tract into the blood via the hepatic portal vein. they form coenzymes that participate in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fat, and protein. they are readily stored in the body. excesses are excreted in the urine.
The description of fat-soluble vitamins is: they are readily stored in the body.
Vitamins are the food components that are essential for body's growth and good health. Vitamins are of two types: water soluble and fat soluble. Vitamins are micronutrient which means that they are required in very less amounts to fulfil body's requirement.
Fat-soluble vitamins are four. These are: vitamins A, D, E and K. They are fat soluble because they get dissolved in organic solvents and their transportation and absorption in the body is similar to that of fats. The storage of these vitamin in the body is: liver, fatty tissue, and muscles.
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which of the following describe characteristics of cancer cells? check all that apply. group of answer choices altered gene expression increased dna repair long telomeres invasive highly specialized apoptotic
Characteristics of cancer cells includes long telomeres, invasive and altered gene expression.
Select all that apply. What are some traits of cancer cells?In addition to having aberrant membranes, cytoskeletal proteins, and shape, cancer cells also grow and divide at an excessively fast rate. As benign tumors give way to malignant tumors throughout time, the anomaly in cells can grow gradually from normal cells.
While some DNA mutations are unharmful, others can result in disease. When DNA is altered abnormally, cancerous cells are "born" because they grow more quickly and act differently than they should. These tumor-forming cancer cells keep evolving and diverging from one another as they grow in number.
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In osmosis water always moves toward the what solution that is toward the solution with the what solute concentrate
Osmosis is the transport of water molecules by simple diffusion. In osmosis water always moves toward the hypertonic solution that is toward the solution with the greater solute concentration. Option B is correct.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is one type of passive transport that occurs by simple diffusion. This means it does not need energy and occurs in favor of an electrochemical osmotic gradient.
When lipids move in the membrane, they leave open spaces through which water molecules can move. This transport occurs very slowly.
Since it follows its electrochemical gradient, we can say water moves
From the most diluted side to the less diluted oneWater moves from the less concentrated side to the more concentrated one, concerning solute concentration.From the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic solution.
⇒ A solution is hypertonic to another solution when its solute concentration is higher than the other solution.
⇒ A solution is hypotonic to another solution when its solute concentration is lower than the other solution.
⇒ Solutions are isotonic when their solute concentrations are the same.
In osmosis water always moves toward the hypertonic solution that is toward the solution with the greater solute concentration. Option B is correct.
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Complete question
1. In osmosis, water always moves toward the ____ solution: that is, toward the solution with the ____ solute concentration.
a. Isotonic, greater
b. Hypertonic, greater
c. Hypertonic, lesser
d. Hypotonic, greater
e. Hypotonic, lesser
population genetics is the study of total genetic variation of a population through time. select one: true false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Population genetics is the study of variation within populations of individuals, and the forces which shape it. Do with this info as you may. Also just paste the question into another search engine. This tends to give different results
Making good decisions with our natural resources will presumably lead to?
Where is the dorsal root ganglion found?
The dorsal root ganglion is located in under the vertebral pedicle at the thoracic and lumbar levels.
What Is dorsal root ganglion?
The dorsal root ganglion, also known as the spinal ganglion more recently, is made up of sensory neurons' neuronal cell bodies. This is the most prevalent kind of sensory ganglion in the human body.
The dorsal root ganglion, as its name suggests, is connected to the spinal nerve's posterior or dorsal root. It is situated near to where the spinal cord is. The ganglion is formed as the dorsal root of the spinal nerve enlarges as it exits the intervertebral neural foramen. Before the dorsal and ventral roots combine to produce a single spinal nerve, it is present.
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when a round fruit plant is crossed with a long fruit plant their offspring are oval. what is the best explanation for this?
If you cross a round-fruited plant with a long-fruited plant, the offspring will be oval. What is the best explanation for this incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance results from matin-gs in which each parent's contribution is genetically unique and which produces offspring that are phenotypically intermediate. Incomplete dominance is also called as the semi-dominance and the partial dominance. Mendel described dominance, but not imperfect dominance. Imperfect dominance is a form of gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene are partially expressed at one her locus, often resulting in intermediate or dissimilar phenotypes. Also known as partial dominance. For example, in roses, the red allele is dominant over the white allele.
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which of the following describes the role of glutamine synthetase in protein catabolism? i. glutamine synthetase converts glutamate and ammonia to glutamine using one molecule of atp ii. the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase is reversible iii. the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase removes excess nitrogen (in the form of toxic ammonia) from protein degradation iv. glutamine synthetase converts glutamine to glutamate
The role of glutamine synthetase in protein catabolism is: (iii) the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase removes excess nitrogen (in the form of toxic ammonia) from protein degradation.
Glutamine synthetase is an enzyme. It condenses glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. It controls the use of nitrogen inside cells. The location of the enzyme in the body is: brain, kidneys, and liver.
Protein degradation is carried out by a process called ubiquitination where ubiquitin tags are added to the protein destined for degradation. The ubiquitin tags are not added randomly instead they are added to the amino group of the side chain of a lysine residue.
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Which adaptation was the most important in enabling the first terrestrial animals to eliminate their dependence on aquatic habitats?.
The primary evolutionary strategy used by terrestrial animals to transfer the "pond" inland and lessen their need on water for reproduction was the amniotic egg.
What modifications do terrestrial animals have?To catch their food, certain terrestrial animals have keen teeth with pointed canines and pointy claws. These creatures' highly developed senses enable them to hunt for food during the night or just by spotting the movement of their prey. The majority of terrestrial animals share these unique adaptive traits.
Fins were replaced by limbs as mechanical support structures, swimming was replaced by walking, gills were replaced by lungs as respiratory organs, and suction feeding was replaced by biting as a mode of nutrition.
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