The bond enthalpy of the bond formed between chlorine and ozone is the 122.8 kJ
Definition of Hess's Law,
Hess's law states that the "increase in enthalpy in a chemical reaction i.e., reaction heat at constant pressure is independent of the process between the initial and final states".
Inverse equation (1): Cl (g) + 2O₂ (g) → Cl) (g) + O₃ (g) ∆H = +122.8 kJ / mol (NOTE: change in sign of ∆H)
Copy equation (2): 2O₃ (g) → 3O₂ (g) ∆H = -285.3 kJ / mol
Adding the 2 equations we get:
2O₃ (g) + Cl (g) + 2O₂ (g) → Cl (g) + O₃ (g) + 3O₂(g) and cancel common species.
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The entry point and reactions involving loss of carbon in the TCA cycle are allosterically inhibited and used for regulation.
True
False
True: The entry point and reactions involving loss of carbon in the TCA cycle are allosterically inhibited and used for regulation.
When cells break down fuels like glucose to make ATP, they have a similar issue. If the cell's supply of ATP is low, it would be wise to break down glucose as soon as possible, replenishing the ATP it needs to "keep the lights on." On the other hand, it might not be the best strategy to oxidise glucose at maximal speed if the supply of ATP is high. Since ATP is an unstable molecule, if it remains inside the cell for an extended period of time, it will probably spontaneously hydrolyze back into ADP. This is similar to the situation of the melted ice cream sandwich in that the cell used glucose to produce ATP, but that ATP was ultimately wasted.
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Myristic acid (CH3(CH2)2COOH) can be converted to several different derivatives using standard organic chemistry reactions. Select the best reagents to transform Myristic acid to the derivatives below.
These are the Myristic acid converted reactions are mentioned below.
What is Myristic acid ?
Myristic acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 14-carbon carbon backbone. Myristic acid is a substance that naturally exists in butter fat, coconut oil, and palm oil. Gladiolus italicus, Staphisagria macrosperma, and other species for which there is information contain myristic acid, which is a naturally occurring chemical.
What is reactions ?
In a chemical reaction, one or more chemicals, also known as reactants, are transformed into one or more additional substances, also known as products. Substances are composed of chemical components or chemical ingredients.
1) O= OH ⇒ Ammonia ⇒ So₂, O= NH₂
O= Cl₂
2)O= OH ⇒ Br₂ cat. P Br₃/ H₃o⁺²/ H₂o ⇒ LiaH₄ o= Br
O= OH
Therefore, these are the Myristic acid converted reactions .
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Consider the following two half-reactions and their standard reduction potentials. Answer the three questions below. O_3(g) + H_2O(l) + 2e^- rightarrow O_2(g) + 2OH^-(aq) E degree = 1.246 V ClO^-_3 (aq) + 3H_2O(l) + 6e^- rightarrow Cl^-(aq) + 6 OH^- (aq) E degree = 0.622 V (a). Calculate E degree for the spontaneous redox reaction that occurs when these two half-reactions are coupled. Number (b). Calculate the value of Delta G degree for the reaction. Number kJ (c). Determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Number.
(a)The value of Eo = 0.624
(b) delta G = -361.3KJ/mole
(c) Equilibrium constant K = 2.55*1063
An oxidation-reduction reaction, often known as a redox reaction, is a kind of chemical reaction in which two species exchange electrons. Any chemical process that modifies a molecule, atom, or ion's oxidation number by acquiring or losing an electron is known as an oxidation-reduction reaction.
The reactions are O3(g)+ H2O(l) +2e- --àO2(g)+2OH-(aq) Eo= 1.246V,
Multiplying the equation by 3 gives
3O3(g)+ 3H2O(l) +6e-----à3O2+6OH--, Eo= 1.246V (1)
ClO3-(aq)+3H2O(l) +6e- --àCl- + 6OH- , Eo= 0.622V (2)
Reversin the reaction gives Cl- + 6OH- -àClO3 (aq)+ 3H2O(l) Eo=-0.622 (2A)
Eq. 1+Eq.2A gives
3O3 +3H2O+Cl- + 6OH- --à3O2+6OH- +ClO3-(aq)+3H2O(l), Eo= 1.246-0.622 =0.624Vo
3O3+ Cl- -----à3O2+ClO3- Eo=0.624V
deltaGo=-nFE, n= no of electrons, F= 96500 coulombs, E= 0.624V
deltaGo=-6*0.624*96500=-361296 Joules/mole= -361.3 KJ/mole
since deltaGo= -RTlnK
lnK= 361296/(8.314*298)= 146, K= 2.55*1063
Therefore Eo = 0.624 delta G = -361.3KJ/mole and equilibrium constant K = 2.55*1063
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using the milliliter of naoh titrated (table, above) for each of the two trials, determine the moles of citric acid in each sample.
0.941 M of the citric acid is used per litre of solution and 0.882 M of citric acid per litre of solution.
For trial 1,
Volume of citric acid titrated (V₁) = 25.0ml
Molarity of citric acid be M₁
Volume of NaOH used (V₂) = 23.52 mL
Molarity of NaOH (M₂) = 1.00M
As we know that,
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
Substituting the values,
M₁ x 25.0 = 1.00 x 23.52
⇒M₁ = (1.00MX 23.52mL) / 25 mL
⇒M₁ = 0.941M
0.941 moles of citric acid per litre of solution.
For trial 2
Volume of citric acid titrated (V₁) = 24.2ml
Molarity of citric acid be M₁
Volume of NaOH used (V₂) = 21.35 mL
Molarity of NaOH (M₂) = 1.00M
As we know that,
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
Substituting the values,
M₁ x 24.2 = 1.00 x 21.35
⇒M₁ = (1.00MX 21.35mL) / 24.2 mL
⇒M₁ = 0.882M
0.882 moles of citric acid per litre of solution.
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Rank the following compounds in order of decreasing vapor pressure.
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH4
CH3CH-CH3CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2OH
Decreasing vapour pressure for the following compounds is as follow:
CH4
CH3CH-CH3CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2OH
Vapour Pressure of the compound:
The pressure characteristic of a pure compound's vapour at any given temperature when it is in equilibrium with its liquid or solid state is known as the vapour pressure. Compound molecules that bond well with one another will have a low vapor pressure (less inclination to escape to the vapor phase), whereas compounds that connect poorly with one another would have a high vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is a measure of a compound's capacity to bond with itself.
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what mass of hbr (in g ) would you need to dissolve a 3.0- g pure iron bar on a padlock? express your answer using two significant figures. view available hint(s)
The mass of HBr that would be needed to dissolve the 3.0 g pure iron bar is 11 g
3.0 g is the mass of pure iron (Fe).
HBr mass required to dissolve the aforementioned iron
Explanation:
HBr and Fe react, and the result is
FeBr2 + H2 = Fe + 2HBr
Based on the stoichiometry of the reaction,
2 moles of HBr and 1 mole of Fe react.
Mass of Fe/atomic mass of Fe = 3.0/56 g.mol.1 = 0.0607 moles of Fe.
As a result, the number of moles of HBr is equal to 2*0.0607 moles.
HBr's molar mass is 81 g/mole.
HBr mass equals 0.1214 moles times 81 g/mole, or 11 g.
11 gram of HBR are needed.
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An unknown metal nitrate with the formula M(NO3), was dissolved in water and treated with excess aqueous sodium sulfate. The total amount of sulfate salt produced in this reaction had a mass of 8.159 g. The initial mass of the metal nitrate sample was 9.835 g. Assuming that the reaction goes to completion, determine the number of moles of the sulfate salt produced. DO NOT include units in your answer. If you round during your calculation, be sure to keep at least three (3) decimal places Do NOT use scientific notation in your answer. Report your answer to three (3) decimal places
The moles of metal sulphate formed in the given reaction is 0.0598.
The reaction of metal nitrate M(NO3)2 with sodium sulphate Na2SO4 can be written as
M(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 → 2 NaNO3 + MSO4
1 mole of metal nitrate produces 1 mole of metal sulphate.
let molar mass of metal M be 'a' g/mol.
molar mass of M(NO3)2 = a+ 14 × 2 + 16×6 = 124+a
moles of M(NO3)2 reacted = 9.835 / (124+a)
molar mass of MSO4 = a+ 32 + 16×4 = 96+a
moles of MSO4 formed = 8.159 / (96+a)
Since 1 mole of metal nitrate produces 1 mole of metal sulphate thus moles of M(NO3)2 reacted and moles of MSO4 formed should be equal.
⇒ 9.835 / (124+a) = 8.159 / (96+a)
⇒ 9.835 × (96+a) = 8.159× (124+a)
⇒ 944.16 + 9.835a = 1011.716 + 8.159a
⇒ 9.835a - 8.159a = 1011.716 - 944.16
⇒ 1.676a = 67.556
⇒ a = 40.3g/mol
Molar mass of unknown metal M is 40.3g/mol.
moles of MSO4 formed = 8.159 / (96+a)
putting the value of 'a' we get
moles of MSO4 formed = 8.159 / (96+40.3) = 0.0598
Thus moles of metal sulphate formed in the given reaction is 0.0598.
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show that the relationship between units of length, mass and volumes by adding with example?
Explanation:
The relationship between units of length, mass, and volume can be described by the following formulas:
Length x Width x Height = Volume
For example, if a box has dimensions of 2 meters x 3 meters x 4 meters, the volume of the box is 24 cubic meters (2 x 3 x 4 = 24).
Volume x Density = Mass
For example, if a box has a volume of 24 cubic meters and a density of 500 kg/m^3, the mass of the box is 12,000 kilograms (24 x 500 = 12,000).
Mass / Volume = Density
For example, if a box has a mass of 12,000 kilograms and a volume of 24 cubic meters, the density of the box is 500 kg/m^3 (12,000 / 24 = 500).
These formulas demonstrate the relationships between units of length, mass, and volume. Length and width are used to calculate the volume of an object, mass and volume are used to calculate density, and volume and density are used to calculate mass.
Amino acids can be either polar or= non-polar based on their Choose_. In general, amino acids are non-polar if Choose peptide bonds referred to as Fent: Such amino aci Choose. R groups amide groups Other amino acids are polar and are generally referred to as Choose _. checK
The answers of the blanks are :
In the first- R group
In the second - only carbon and hydrogen
In the third - Hydrophobic
In the fourth - Hydrophilic
non polar is hydrophobic
polar is hydrophilic
Non-polar depends on the hydrocarbon
Amino acids are the molecules which combine together to form proteins.
the classification of Amino acids based on R group is
of two types
Polar and Non-polar
Non-polar amino acids are mostly hydrocarbons
Polar amino acids are of 3 types
Acidic basic neither acidic nor basicAcidic amino acids are Carboxyl groups and amino groups (-COOH)
(-NH2)
Basic amino acids some examples are Arginine(Arg) , Lysine (lys)
Neither acidic nor basic are
Amide , alcohol cysteine
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identify the carbon atom(s) with sp hybridization in the carbon skeleton structure of capillin below by clicking on each one.
The carbon atom(s) with sp hybridization in the carbon skeleton structure of capillin. The number of carbon atoms having sp 3 hybridization is 1.
The process of combining the characteristics of one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals to produce four hybrid orbitals with similar properties is known as "sp3 hybridization." An atom needs three p orbitals and a s orbital in order to be sp3 hybridised.
Since the core Xe atom has 3 sigma bond pairs and 1 lone pair of electrons, XeO3 exhibits sp3 hybridization.
The binding angle between the sp3 hybrid orbitals is 109.5 degrees. Tetrahedron geometry is produced by this arrangement of 109.5 o. These form an angle of 109°28' with one another and are pointed at the four corners of a conventional tetrahedron. 25% s character and 75% p character make up each sp3 hybrid orbital. Ethane (C2H6) and methane are two examples of sp3 hybridization.
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anodic amide oxidations in the presence of electron-rich phenyl rings: evidence for an intramolecular electron-transfer mechanism
The anodic amide oxidations in the presence of the mono , di and tri alkoxy phenyl rings were examined.
The anodic amide oxidations in the presence of electron-rich phenyl rings: evidence for an intramolecular electron-transfer mechanism. The anodic amide oxidations in the presence of the mono , di and tri alkoxy phenyl rings were examined. The reduction potentials suggest that oxidation leads to the selective aromatic ring oxidation or the mixtures.
The anodic oxidations of 4-methoxyphenyl acetyl pyrrolidine and 3,5-dimethoxy-4- pivaloyloxy phenyl acetyl pyrrolidine led to selective methoxylation of the benzylic carbon. the intramolecular electron transfer leads to the selective formation product.
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Which of the following (with specific heat capacity provided) would show the largest temperature change upon gaining 200.0 J of heat? O 25.0 g Sn. Csn=0.240 J/g °C O 50.0 g Fe, CFe = 0.449 Jig°C O 50.0 g Na, Na = 1.23 J/gºo CO 25.0 g sand. Csand = 0.84 J/gºo CO 25.0 g Âu, Cu = 0.128 J/gºcC
Answer:
Na
Explanation:
The substance that would show the largest temperature change upon gaining 200.0 J of heat is Na. This is because the specific heat capacity of Na is the highest among the options given. The specific heat capacity of a substance is a measure of how much heat is required to raise the temperature of a given mass of the substance by a certain degree. The higher the specific heat capacity, the more heat is required to raise the temperature of the substance by a given amount. Therefore, a substance with a high specific heat capacity will show a smaller temperature change for a given amount of heat gained. In this case, since Na has the highest specific heat capacity, it will show the smallest temperature change upon gaining 200.0 J of heat.
14.37 identify the characteristic signals that you would expect in the diagnostic region of an ir spectrum of each of the following compounds: (a) o (b) o (c) o (d) oh (e) oh o (f ) oh
The distinctive signals that you would anticipate for each of the following substances in the diagnostic region of an ir spectrum are (b) O and (d) oh.
what is spectrum disorder?Developmental impairment known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is brought on by variations in the brain. It can be challenging for someone with ASD to engage in repetitive or constrained hobbies or interests, in addition to social interaction and communication. ASD sufferers may also move, pay attention, and learn in unconventional ways. The term "spectrum" alludes to how various people experience autism in a variety of ways; autism is a condition that is highly diverse. Autism is seen as a spectrum disorder because each autistic person experiences it differently. Some autistic people may require more care than others in order to live the lifestyles they desire.
Can spectrum disorders be cured?There is no known cause or effective cure for autism spectrum disorder. By reducing the symptoms with autism spectrum condition and encouraging development and learning, therapy aims to enhance your child's functioning.
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please answer both of these answers correctly the two answers in the photo are separate
Answer:
Explanation: Total atomic and mass numbers should be equal on both sides of the equation.
The atomic number of X=92-90 =2
The mass number of X=238-234 =4
Hence, it is an alpha particle.
It is a type of nuclear fusion, deuterium-tritium fusion. When one deuterium nucleus and tritium nucleus fuse, they create a helium nucleus and a free neutron. The reaction releases an energetic neutron.
Answer:
fission
Explanation:
it's literally dividing into 2 parts while fusion is where 2 things multiply to become one big thing.
write name or formula of following coordination compounds. write oxidation state of metal ion in each compound. write electronic configuration of each metal ion.v [co(p(ch3)3)4]2(so4)3
The name of the given coordination compound [Co(P(CH₃)₃)₄]₂(SO₄)₃ is tetrakis(trimethylphosphine)cobalt(III)sulfate.
Coordination compounds are those compounds which consists of anions or neutral molecules which are bonded to a central metal cation by co-ordinate covalent bonds.
The oxidation state of cobalt metal in the given compound is +3.
Here, sulphate is the counter anion. It requires three sulphates to form bonds with the two complex cations of cobalt. Due to this, each cation will have +3 charge. Moreover, the ligand ethylenediamine is a neutral ligand which will have zero charge. So, the oxidation state of cobalt will be +3.
The electronic configuration of Co²⁺ is : 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s⁰3d⁷
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On the basis of the information above, which of the following arranges the binary compounds in order of increasing bond polarity?
CH4 < SiCl4 < SF4
On the basis of the information in the table, the arrangement of the binary compounds in order of increasing bond polarity is CH4 < SiCl4 < SF4.
A bond is said to be polar when there is a large difference in electronegativity between the atoms. If we check out the electronegativity differences between the atoms, we have the following;
C - H = 2.5 - 2.1 = 0.4
Si - Cl = 3.0 - 1.8 = 1.2
S - F = 4.0 - 2.5 = 1.5
We can see that the highest electronegativity difference and highest polarity is observed in the S - F bond, followed by the Si - Cl bond and finally the C - H bond has the lowest electronegativity difference and lowest polarity.
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Complete question:
On the basis of the information above, which of the following arranges the binary compounds in order of increasing bond polarity?
CH4 < SiCl4 < SF4
2. Which pair of substances are both mixtures?
A. air; water
B. limewater; water
C. sea-water; air
D. sea-water; ethanol
The example of a mixture among the options is sea water and air. Option C
What is a mixture?We know that we have a mixture when there is a mixture of substances that are not chemically combined together. The implication of this is that there is no way that the components of the mixture can be able to interact in a chemical reaction.
Having said this, we are now going to look at the mixture to see if we can be able to get the options that is going to involve two or more substances that are not going to react in such a way that a compound can be formed as we can from the options that we have in the question that has been asked above.
We know that air is a mixture of gases and that the sea water is a mixture of so many salts that are combined together.
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a cereal company claims that the mean weight of the cereal in its packets is 14 oz. identify the type i error for the test.
b. Reject the claim that the mean weight is 14 oz when it is actually 14 oz is the type i error for the test. a cereal company claims that the mean weight of the cereal in its packets is 14 oz.
Cereal, which is officially known as breakfast cereal, is a common morning meal produced from refined cereal grains. It is typically consumed as part of breakfast. As opposed to other morning cereals, shredded whole wheat cereal with low-fat milk is the greatest option because it has a high fibre content and doesn't have any added sugar or salt. But include a protein-rich cereal in your daily diet will benefit your muscles, skin, cartilage, bones, and blood in addition to other body tissues. The likelihood that you will have cravings for sweet or fatty foods later in the day decreases if you consume cereal in the morning.
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The standard emf for the cell using the overall cell reaction below is =2.20 V:
2Al(s) + 3I2(s) ? 2Al3+ (aq) + 6I- (aq)
The emf (voltage) generated by the cell when [Al3+] = 4.0 x 10-3 M and [I-] = 0.015 M
is_______ V
emf generated by the cell is 0.40 V.
Oxidation: [tex]2Al + 6e^{-}[/tex]→[tex]2Al^{3+}[/tex]
Reduction: [tex]3I_{2} + 6e^{-}[/tex]→[tex]6I^{-}[/tex]
Overall: [tex]2Al + 3I_{2}[/tex]→[tex]2Al^{3+} + 6I^{-}[/tex]
Nernst equation for this cell reaction at 25-degree celsius:
[tex]E_{cell} = E^{0}_{cell} - \frac{0.059}{n} log[Al^{3+}]^{2} [I^{-}]^{6}[/tex]
where n is the number of electrons exchanged during cell reaction, [tex]E^{0}_{cell}[/tex] is standard cell emf, [tex]E_{cell}[/tex] is cell emf, [tex][Al^{3+}][/tex] is the concentration of [tex]Al^{3+}[/tex] , and [tex][I^{-}][/tex] is the concentration of [tex]I^{-}[/tex].
Plug in all the given values in the above equation -
[tex]E_{cell} = 2.20 - \frac{0.059}{6} [(4.0 * 10^{-3})^{2}*(0.15)^{6}][/tex]
=0.40 V
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determine the mass-to-charge ratio (to the nearest whole number) of the molecular ion peak for each compound.'
The mass-to-charge ratio can be calculated by using the mass and electric charge of the particle.
This involves the Mass spectroscopy. Mass spectrometry is among one of the spectroscopic techniques which involve the fragmentation of ions of a compound. In the mass spectrum, the peak which is highest represents the base peak. The mass-to-charge ratio is a physical quantity relating the mass and the electric charge of a given particle. It is expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb. It is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles. The value of m/z helps to predict the molecular formula of a compound. m /z represents mass to charge ratio. In mass analysis, an electron is taken from molecules to create single charged ions.
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we found that the speed of water in a hose increased from 1.96 m/s to 25.5 m/s going from the hose to the nozzle. Calculate the pressure in the hose, given that the absolute pressure in the nozzle is 1.01×105N/m2
(atmospheric, as it must be) and assuming level, frictionless flow.
By applying the Bernoulli's equation on the same level, swap out the values to determine the pressure at the host, which is equal to 1.01 x 10 to the five Pascal's places, half of the density, which is equal to 1000 kg per cubic meter times 25.5 m/s squared, minus 1.96 m/s script. The pressure at the hose is then equal to four times 25 Pascal's.
What is Bernoulli's equation?
According to Bernoulli's principle, areas of a fluid flow that are moving more quickly will experience less pressure than areas that are moving more slowly.
What does the Bernoulli equation's head loss mean?
The drop in total pressure, which is the sum of the velocity head, pressure head, and elevation head of the fluid moving through the hydraulic system, is represented by the head loss in Bernoulli's equation.
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if an antacid tablet weighed 1.6 grams, how many moles of gastric acid (hci) would it neutralize? use the results obtained in data tables 1 and 2 to explain and quantify your answer.
The 0.015 moles of gastric acid will be neutralized by a 1.6 gram antacid pill.
By inhibiting the enzyme that produces acid in the stomach to break down food for digestion, antacids neutralize the gastric acid there. An enzyme called pepsin, which breaks down proteins, is inhibited by the antacids, which work by neutralizing the stomach's pH.
0.342 grams of HCL are neutralized every gram of antacid.
Based on the titration's equivalence point expression, this is calculated.
1.6 gram HCL neutralized antacid is,
(0.342 grams HCL to 1 grams antacid) A 1.6 gram antacid
= 0.5472 gram
HCL has a 36.5 gram molar mass.
Moles of HCL = 0.5472 g/36.51 g = 0.01499
As a result, HCL has a mole of 0.015 moles of gastric acid (hci) would it neutralize
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15.48 predict the expected number of signals in the 13c nmr spec- trum of each of the following compounds. for each signal, determine its approximate chemical shift. (a) (b) o (c) o o o
The ¹³C-NMR spectra of tert-butyl alcohol shows just two signals.
What is chemical shift in simple words?The term "chemical shift" refers to the variations in nuclear magnetic resonance frequencies of the same kind of nucleus brought on by changes in the electron distribution. The chemical shift in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is the resonant frequency of an atomic nucleus in comparison to a standard in a magnetic field. A molecule's structure can frequently be determined by looking at the position and volume of chemical changes.
How the chemical shift is determined?The resonance frequency expressed in relation to a reference substance, defined as being at 0 ppm, defines the chemical shift in absolute terms. The scale is expressed in parts per million (ppm), which is independent of the spectrometer frequency and makes it easier to understand.
Briefing:Signal at about 31 ppm: This signal is pointing upfield and is for the more protected and richly electronated carbon atoms. The height of a peak just on y-axis represents the proportion of carbon atoms compared to other peaks. Since it is three times as tall as the second signal in this instance, it is clear that this peak represents three carbon atoms.
Signal at about 70 ppm: This signal downfield is for the more exposed carbon atom, which has an electron-deficient environment. The height of these peaks is only one carbon higher than the second signal. Furthermore, the absence of shielding reveals that this carbon is firmly bonded to an electronegative substance.
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4. The pressure of a gas in a rigid container is halved when the Kelvin temperature changed.
Which of the following temperature change could be responsible for this?
A. 400 K to 800 K
B. 200 K to 300 K
C. 600 K to 300 K
D. 800 K to 200 K
Answer: D: 800 K to 200 K.
Explanation:
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature on the Kelvin scale. This means that if the temperature of a gas increases, the pressure of the gas will also increase, and if the temperature decreases, the pressure will also decrease.
If the pressure of a gas in a rigid container is halved when the temperature changes, this means that the temperature must have decreased by a factor of 2.
Looking at the options provided, the only temperature change that could be responsible for halving the pressure is:
D. 800 K to 200 K
The temperature decreased by a factor of 4 (800 K / 200 K = 4), which is more than the factor of 2 needed to halve the pressure.
which of the following formulas (lewis structures) has a total of only 12 bonding pair of electrons ( 24 electrons) and 0 non-bonding electron? nh2obr hcl (hydrochloric acid) chbr3 c4h8
The following formulas ,lewis structures has a total of only 12 bonding pair of electrons ( 24 electrons) and 0 non-bonding electron is C₄H₈.
The lewis structure of the molecule C₄H₈ is given as follows :
H H H
| | |
H - C = C - C - C - H
| | |
H H H
In this structure C₄H₈ contain the 12 bonding pair of the electrons that mean 24 bonding electrons and C₄H₈ have 0 lone pair of the electron. in C₄H₈ one carbon carbon double bond is present. total number of the bond is present in in C₄H₈ is 12 bond.
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Which statement best explains an atomic emission spectrum?
4
As electrons transition between different energy levels within a wavelength, they make their own
unique spectrum of visible light.
As electrons transition between different energy levels within an atom, they release or absorb energy.
The released energy forms a spectrum of electromagnetic energy specific to each element.
As wavelengths transition between different transmittance levels within an atom, the visible colors
show on a scale.
As electrons transition between different energy levels within a frequency, they make their own unique
spectrum of visible color.
An atomic emission spectrum is best described as an electronic transition between different energy levels within an atom, thereby releasing or absorbing energy.
What is an emission spectrum?Emission spectrum is defined as a spectrum of a chemical compound or substance composed of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Radiations which are emitted while electron make transition from higher to lower energy level.
Energy of photon is equal to the difference between the two energy states . There are many possible electronic transitions in an atom and every transition has a specific wavelength.
Collection of different transitions with respect to different wavelengths makes up an emission spectrum.Emission spectrum of each element is unique and therefore spectroscopy is used to identify elements which are present in different substances.
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______ stainless steels are used for ornamental or decorative applications such as architectural trim, and tend to be brittle.
Option :A) Ferritic stainless steels are used for ornamental or decorative applications such as architectural trim, and tend to be brittle.
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium, and, occasionally, nickel and other metals that resists corrosion.
Stainless steel is the ultimate "green material" because it is completely and essentially recyclable. In reality, the recovery rate for the building industry is quite close to 100%. In addition to being durable and environmentally inert, stainless steel also satisfies the requirements of sustainable building. Additionally, it does not leak substances that, when in touch with substances like water, could change its composition.
In addition to these advantages for the environment, stainless steel is also very hygienic, easy to maintain, highly durable, and offers a wide range of features. As a result, stainless steel is used in numerous commonplace items.
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Complete question is :
____ stainless steels are used for ornamental or decorative applications such as architectural trim, and tend to be brittle.
A) Ferritic
B) Austenitic
C) Martensitic
D) Precipitation hardening
using the two siderophore below as examples, please explain how siderophores are generally able to bind and tightly hold metal ions
Low-molecular-weight siderophores chelate iron with a very strong and focused affinity.
What is meant by chelate ?
It is a form of molecular bonding in chemistry wherein an ion or a molecule bind to a central metal ion.
To chelate iron from the extracellular environment, many bacteria, both G+ and G, produce and secrete siderophores. Through membrane receptors, siderophore-iron complexes are delivered into the cell.The periplasm can be reached via the iron-siderophore uptake systems because the outer membrane is not normally very permeable. Therefore, it is not surprising that bacteria have developed strategies to take advantage of these systems to deliver toxic substances that prevent the growth of competing species.
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You are working to change the specificity of an antibody fragment using semi-rational design. You have discovered a 3-amino acid stretch in the complimentary determining region 3 (CDR3) that you hypothesize directs the specificity of the antibody. Your goal is to study this region by saturation mutagenesis (substituting all possible amino acids in each position). You design the degenerate primer to contain NNK for each mutated amino acid (N=A,T,G,C; K=G,T).
(a) How large of a library would you need to screen if you wish to have 3-fold library coverage (i.e., measure each mutated sequence 3 times on average)? In other words, you would need to screen 3 times more members than the number of possible sequence variants.
(b) After your first attempt, you decide to screen a similar 3-amino acid region in CDR1 and CDR2. How large of a library would you need to screen to ensure 3-fold coverage for all three CDRs simultaneously?
(c) Why is it necessary to have 3-fold library coverage as opposed to 1-fold coverage?
(d) What fraction of the members in the CDR3 library do you expect to be truncated due to the inclusion of a stop codon? Hint: the three stop codons are UAA, UAG, UGA.
Fragment antibodies are described as the fragments which are used for binding end of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and it can be small but mighty tool to fight with disease. While mAbs range from around 150kDa in size, fragment antibodies as small as 3kDa and fragment antibodies are used in treatment of various diseases.
a) The NNK codon encodes for all 20 amino acids, if there are 3 substitutions:
different sequences = 20n
sequences = 20 × 400 = 8000 {n = 400}
if the library have 3-fold coverage:
sequences = 3 × 8000 = 24000.
b) if we want cover three CDR, we have 9 residues to mutate. Then:
sequences = 209
to ensure 3-fold coverage:
sequences = 3 × 209 = 627
c) 3-fold library are needed to ensure the availability of each mutant.
d) the NNK codon have 32 combinations, one of them is for a stop codon. Then, 1/32 of mutants will be truncated.
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Use the equation below to answer the following question. How many grams of potassium chloride (KCl) are produced if 25 g of potassium chlorate (KClO3) decompose?
2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
Answer:
15 grams.
Explanation:
Molar mass of KClO3 = (39.10+35.45+3(16.00)) g/mol = 122.55 g/mol. Why? Because the molar mass of a compound is the sum of the molar masses of its constituents. There is 1 K atom, 1 Cl atom, and 3 O atoms in KClO3.
We can determine the mols of KClO3 given its mass and molar mass. How? Using the factor-label method (cancelling units out):
25 g * 1mol/122.55g = 0.203998368 mol.
We must now use mol ratios to determine the amount of potassium chloride (in mols) produced:
n of KCl = 0.203998368 mol(KClO3) * (2 mol KCl)/(2 mol KClO3) = 0.203998368 mol.
Molar mass of KCl = (39.10 + 35.45) g/mol = 74.55 g/mol.
From here, we can find the mass of KCl using the same logic discussed above:
m of KCl = 0.203998368 mol * 74.55 g/mol = 15.20807833 g = 15 g (rounded in accord with significant figures)