according to the results of the study conducted by barlow et al., all neutralization techniques have the same impact on the likelihood of rule violation. group of answer choices true false
The statement is True, according to the results of the study conducted by Barlow et al., all neutralization techniques have the same impact on the likelihood of rule violation.
A violation refers to an act or behavior that goes against established rules, laws, or norms. It is an instance where someone fails to adhere to the expected standards or conditions set by a particular system or authority. Violations can occur in various domains, such as legal, ethical, social, or organizational contexts.
In legal terms, a violation often refers to the breach of a specific law or regulation. It can range from minor infractions like traffic violations to more serious offenses such as theft or assault. Violations of ethical standards involve actions that contravene moral principles or codes of conduct, such as dishonesty or plagiarism. Social violations can include actions that disrupt social norms or conventions, like inappropriate behavior in public or rudeness towards others.
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**CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Describe a cyber crime with an example.
a corporation is a legal business structure who are legally distinct (separate) from the business that is created under state laws. The owners of a corporation are called stockholders (or shareholders) and may or may not be employees of the corporation. Most corporations rely on a combination of debt (liabilities) and equity (stock) to raise capital. Both debt and equity financing have the goal of obtaining funding, often referred to as capital, to be used to acquire other assets needed for operations or expansion. Capital consists of the total cash and other assets owned by a company.
Assuming that Few Partners have been trading successfully under the business "General Partnership" in Sultanate of Oman for the past of 5 years. However, their business has grown so much that they now think it is a time to consider converting the business into a Joint Stock Company (Establishment)
Required:
a) Explain briefly the main advantages and disadvantages of operating as a Joint Stock Company. (Establishment) company rather than as a General Partnership Business. (Your explanation should be related to the above scenario.
b) What are the legal formalities they have to undergo to operate business as a Joint Stock Company in Oman?
a) Advantages and disadvantages of operating as a Joint Stock CompanyAdvantages of operating as a Joint Stock Company:· The establishment of a Joint Stock Company would enable Few Partners to raise substantial amounts of capital from the public by issuing shares.
The liability of the shareholders is limited to the number of shares they hold.· Shares are freely transferable from one shareholder to another, providing liquidity and easy entry or exit for shareholders.· A Joint Stock Company has a perpetual existence as it is a legal entity separate from its shareholders.· The establishment of a Joint Stock Company would enable Few Partners to avail of the economies of scale by operating on a larger scale and increasing the number of shareholders.· A Joint Stock Company can also enter into legal contracts, sue and be sued.Disadvantages of operating as a Joint Stock Company:· A Joint Stock Company requires more legal formalities and higher costs for the incorporation.· A Joint Stock Company has to comply with more regulatory requirements than a General Partnership.· A Joint Stock Company is subject to greater public scrutiny and is required to make public disclosures which may result in loss of privacy.· Decision-making may be slower and more bureaucratic in a Joint Stock Company.· The ownership of a Joint Stock Company is widely dispersed, making it difficult to control and manage.· The profits of a Joint Stock Company are shared among the shareholders, reducing the amount of profits that each shareholder receives.b) Legal formalities to operate business as a Joint Stock Company in Oman:To operate a Joint Stock Company in Oman, Few Partners will have to undergo the following legal formalities:· Register a name for the company with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.· Obtain the necessary approvals from various authorities such as the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the Ministry of Finance, the Capital Market Authority, etc.· Draft the Memorandum and Articles of Association and get it certified by a notary public.· Submit the Memorandum and Articles of Association along with the necessary documents to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.· Obtain the Commercial Registration from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.· Obtain the necessary approvals for the Initial Public Offering (IPO) from the Capital Market Authority.· Get the shares of the company listed on the Muscat Securities Market.
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Which is a form of an affirmative defense to a professional liability suit?
Insanity is an affirmative defense that can be raised in a professional liability suit. Hence, Option (B) is correct.
An affirmative defense is a defense that a defendant can raise in a civil lawsuit. Affirmative defenses are different from affirmative claims, which are claims that a defendant can make against the plaintiff.
To succeed in an insanity defense, the defendant must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that, at the time of the alleged professional negligence, they were suffering from a mental disease or defect that rendered them unable to appreciate the nature and quality of their conduct or to know that their conduct was wrong.
If the defendant can prove insanity, the plaintiff will not be able to recover damages. This is because the defendant will not be held liable for their actions if they were not in control of their mental faculties at the time of the alleged negligence.
Thus, insanity is a form of affirmative defense to a professional liability suit.
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Which is a form of affirmative defense to a professional liability suit?
a) denial
b) Insanity
c) Mistaken identity
d) lack of intent
Joe, who lives in State A, files a lawsuit in federal court against Bill, who lives in State B. Joe's lawsuit will be dismissed by the judge unless the damages sought are more than
Joe, who lives in State Joe's lawsuit will be dismissed by the judge unless the damages sought are more than $75,000. Thus, option (b) is correct.
This is due to the requirement that the damages at issue must exceed $75,000 in order for a plaintiff to proceed with a federal court lawsuit based on diversity of citizenship, which is the circumstance in which the plaintiff and defendant are citizens of different states.
Even though there is complete diversity of citizenship, the plaintiff cannot bring a lawsuit in federal court if the sum sought is $75,000 or less. It is crucial to remember that various courts may have varying jurisdictional restrictions, therefore claimants should confirm the jurisdictional prerequisites of the particular court where they intend to submit their complaint.
Therefore, option (b) is correct.
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In order for a punishment to be "cruel and unusual" it must be "grossly disproportionate" to the crime committed.
А
True
B False
Answer:
b False
Explanation:
What cases were important to freedom of speech?
Answer:
The U.S. Supreme Court has decided several cases involving the First Amendment rights of public school students, but the most often cited are Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969), Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser (1986) and Hazelwood School District v.
Which of the following prevents one branch of government from becoming too powerful?
a
b
ОООО
the Supremacy Clause
the separation of church and state
the separation of powers
the Bill of Rights
C с
d
Answer:
the separation of powers
Explanation:
the government made 3 branches of government to keep one from getting too powerful
describe the reasoning dr. king uses to apply those definitions to actions.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent leader of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. He advocated for equality, justice, and nonviolent resistance in the pursuit of racial equality.
Prominence refers to the state of being well-known, widely recognized, or distinguished in a particular field, context, or society. Prominence can be achieved through various means, such as accomplishments, influence, visibility, or reputation. Prominent individuals, organizations, or ideas often have a significant impact on their respective domains.
In society, prominent figures can include influential leaders, successful entrepreneurs, renowned artists, or celebrated activists who have made notable contributions to their fields. These individuals may possess exceptional skills, knowledge, or talent that sets them apart from others. Prominent ideas or concepts can shape societies and cultures.
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if a contract is silent in a matter, ______ can provide "default" rules for the resolution of that matter.
If a contract is silent on a matter, the law can provide "default" rules for the resolution of that matter.
When a contract does not explicitly address a specific issue or provide instructions on how to handle a particular situation, the law steps in to fill the gap. The legal system provides default rules or principles that serve as a fallback to govern the unresolved matter. These default rules can be statutory laws, common law principles, or other legal standards depending on the jurisdiction and the nature of the contract. The purpose of default rules is to provide clarity and guidance when contractual terms are ambiguous or absent. They offer a framework for interpreting the contract and resolving disputes in a manner that aligns with legal principles and public policy.
However, it is generally advisable for parties to explicitly address important terms and contingencies in their contracts to avoid potential uncertainties that may arise from relying solely on default rules.
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Which of the following best describes what U.S forces may do if the crisis is caused by an internal conflict that threatens regional stability?
Deter aggression and signal U.S. commitment.
U.S. forces may intervene to restore or guarantee stability.
Deny an adversary time to set conditions in their favor or achieve destabilizing objectives.
Conduct civil support and homeland defense operations as directed by the President and Secretary of Defense.
The option that best describes what U.S. forces may do if the crisis is caused by an internal conflict that threatens regional stability is: U.S. forces may intervene to restore or guarantee stability.
In situations where an internal conflict poses a threat to regional stability, the United States may choose to intervene with its forces to restore or ensure stability. This intervention could involve various actions such as peacekeeping operations, providing security assistance, or supporting local authorities to establish a secure and stable environment. The goal is to mitigate the conflict's impact, prevent further escalation, and promote stability in the region.
While the other options listed—deter aggression and signal U.S. commitment, deny an adversary time to set conditions, and conduct civil support and homeland defense operations—may also be relevant in different contexts, the intervention to restore or guarantee stability is the most directly applicable response to an internal conflict threatening regional stability.
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courts can be classified according to their function (rather than jurisdiction) as:
The function of courts refers to the judicial role that they play because courts can be classified according to their function (rather than jurisdiction) as trial courts, appellate courts, and specialized courts.
They are the lowest level of the court system. The trial court is the location of the first hearing in a case, where evidence is presented, testimony is taken, and a verdict is given. It is responsible for determining the facts of the case, making decisions about the admissibility of evidence, and determining the guilt or innocence of the defendant.
These courts' primary role is to review decisions made in the trial court to ensure that the correct law was applied and that the trial was conducted fairly. Specialized Courts: They are those courts that handle specific types of cases such as family court, tax court, bankruptcy court, etc. Specialized courts are designed to deal with specific legal issues that fall outside the normal purview of a general trial court.
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Explain any TWO (2) principles of bureaucracy
according to Max Weber.
Answer:
Max Weber bureaucratic theory
Max Weber, a German scientist, defines bureaucracy as a highly structured, formalized, and also an impersonal organization. He also instituted the belief that an organization must have a defined hierarchical structure and clear rules, regulations, and lines of authority which
Explanation:
Max Weber bureaucratic theory
Max Weber, a German scientist, defines bureaucracy as a highly structured, formalized, and also an impersonal organization. He also instituted the belief that an organization must have a defined hierarchical structure and clear rules, regulations, and lines of authority which
Heidi has brought a civil lawsuit against Linda. Linda's lawyer tells her precedent supports her defense. The lawyer's statement means Heidi's lawsuit is frivolous. , Not Selected does not guarantee that Linda will win the case. , Not Selected Incorrect answer: means Linda will win the case. means Heidi's lawsuit is based on statutory law.
Answer:
The lawyer's statement means Heidi's lawsuit is frivolous.
Explanation:
Precedents in the courts of law are previously established cases whose judgements can be referenced in successive case. In the case above, Linda is the defendant because the burden of proof lies on her. She needs to put up a defense to contest the accuracy of her lawsuit.
When the lawyer tells her that precedent supports her defense, it means that previously established cases on that matter support Linda's case. Therefore, Heidi's lawsuit against Linda was frivolous and lacked merit. Linda has a high chance of winning the case.
1. from the case study, provide one example of each of the forms that public policies can take: laws, rules or regulations, other implementation decisions, and judicial decisions T/F
True. In a case study, examples of the various forms that public policies can take include:
Laws: One example of a public policy in the form of a law could be the passage of legislation to increase the minimum wage, setting a legal requirement for employers to pay workers a specified minimum hourly rate. This law establishes the baseline for wages and aims to improve workers' economic well-being.
Rules or Regulations: Public policies can be manifested as rules or regulations set by government agencies. For instance, a regulatory body might create rules that specify safety standards and guidelines for the manufacturing and distribution of pharmaceutical drugs. These rules ensure the quality and safety of medications available to the public.
Other Implementation Decisions: An example of public policy through implementation decisions could be the allocation of government funds to support renewable energy initiatives. The decision to invest in renewable energy projects demonstrates a policy commitment to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable energy sources.
Judicial Decisions: Public policies can also be influenced by judicial decisions. For example, a court ruling that declares a particular government policy or action unconstitutional can shape future policy decisions, prompting the government to revise or amend its approach to align with constitutional requirements.
These examples illustrate how public policies can take different forms to address societal issues, regulate behavior, guide implementation, and interpret laws through judicial processes.
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WHAT CRIMES ARE COMMITTED BY BOTH MEN AND WOMEN (give 5 crimes)
, murder, robbery, assault, kidnapping.
Answer:
1. Embezzlement
2. Domestic Violence
3. Murder
4. Car Theft
5. Extortion
Explanation:
Which of the following statutes are intended to provide for the needs of a surviving spouse or dependent children?
Omitted child statute
Disclaimer statute
Spousal elective share
A)
III only
B)
I only
C)
I and III
D)
II and III
C) I and III (Omitted child statute and Spousal elective share)
The statutes intended to provide for the needs of a surviving spouse or dependent children are the omitted child statute and the spousal elective share. The omitted child statute ensures that children who are unintentionally left out of a will are still provided for. The spousal elective share allows a surviving spouse to claim a portion of the deceased spouse's estate, even if they were not included in the will.
These statutes aim to protect the rights and financial well-being of surviving spouses and dependent children.
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Watch a portion of the Chauvin Murder Trial. Summarize and describe the verbal and nonverbal actions of the courtroom participants (defendant, attorneys, judge, witnesses)
solve the texaco-penzoil case using your own utility function.
The Texaco-Pennzoil case refers to a legal dispute that arose in 1984 between two major oil companies, Texaco and Pennzoil.
Pennzoil accused Texaco of interfering with an agreement to acquire Getty Oil, which Pennzoil had negotiated. Texaco later acquired Getty Oil, leading Pennzoil to file a lawsuit claiming substantial damages. The case went to trial, and in 1985, a jury awarded Pennzoil a significant amount in damages, which was later reduced on appeal. The dispute eventually reached a settlement, with Texaco agreeing to pay Pennzoil a substantial sum. The Texaco-Pennzoil case is a complex legal matter involving contractual obligations, interference claims, and substantial financial implications. The resolution of the case was reached through a legal process involving litigation, negotiation, and a settlement agreement.
It's important to note that the details and outcome of legal cases can be influenced by various factors, including evidence, legal arguments, court decisions, and the specific circumstances of the case.
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under which of the following is it hardest to pass legislation
Under a divided government, it is typically hardest to pass legislation.
Different political parties control various legislative chambers or branches of the government in a polarized system of government. For instance, one party might be in charge of the executive branch while another holds either the majority or the minority in the legislature. This could lead to political impasse and make it difficult to pass legislation.
Increased partisanship and difficulty coming to an agreement can result from the parties divergent priorities, ideologies and agendas. In contrast to a unified government where one party holds majorities in all branches or chambers, compromises and negotiations are frequently required to advance legislation, and the process can be slower and more contentious.
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The question is incomplete, complete question "Under which of the following is it hardest to pass legislation?
Unicameral government
Unitary government
Divided government
Unified government"
FRQ: is citizen engagement in civil rights matters a worthwhile effort?
-defensible claim or thesis needed
-give reasons with 2 pieces of relevant info
(14th amendment and letter from Birmingham jail)
-can also site constitution Bill of Rights
-RESPOND to opposing viewpoint (what would this viewpoint state and how do you refute it?)
Thesis: Citizen engagement in civil rights matters is a worthwhile effort as it fosters an active and informed citizenry, promotes social progress, and upholds the fundamental principles of equality and justice.
Civil rights refer to the basic rights and freedoms that are guaranteed to all individuals by law, regardless of their race, gender, nationality, religion, or any other characteristic. These rights are essential for promoting equality, justice, and fairness within a society.
Civil rights encompass a wide range of protections, such as the right to life, liberty, and security of person; freedom of expression, assembly, and association; equal protection under the law; and the right to participate in political and public affairs. They ensure that every person has the opportunity to fully participate in society without facing discrimination or prejudice.
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I need help please.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Sorry if I get it wrong
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Use modern day as an example, with the incident that happened with George Floyd. Not only is Derek Chauvin being persecuted but the entire police department is being questioned.
How can you institute a criminal action
Which of the following statements best describes how operational commanders are setting up their subordinates for success?
By establishing command relationships that promote synergy among the components, instill a one-team/one-fight mentality, and provide authorities commensurate with responsibilities
By understanding that all agencies, intergovernmental organizations, and nongovernmental organizations have their own languages
By acknowledging information and coordination "voids" at the GCC and JTF headquarters
By creating an environment of inclusiveness in order to understand the complex problem space
By establishing command relationships that promote synergy among the components, instill a one-team/one-fight mentality, and provide authorities commensurate with responsibilities.
Operational commanders aim to foster an environment where different components work together seamlessly, promoting collaboration and synergy among the various units or organizations involved. They strive to instill a unified mindset, emphasizing the importance of teamwork and shared goals. This helps in creating a cohesive and effective force. Additionally, commanders ensure that their subordinates are granted appropriate authorities that align with their responsibilities, empowering them to make informed decisions and take necessary actions.
By establishing these command relationships, promoting unity of effort, and delegating suitable authorities, operational commanders enhance the chances of success for their subordinates in executing complex missions or operations.
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What amendment, which reads "A well regulated militia, being necessary to the
security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be
infringed." Gives American citizen the right to own guns?
The amendment you are referring to is the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. It states: "A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."
An amendment is a formal change or addition made to a document, law, or constitution. It is a way to modify or update the original text to reflect new circumstances or address evolving needs. In the context of a constitution, amendments are typically made to protect individual rights, expand or limit the powers of the government, or introduce new laws and regulations.
Amendments are crucial because they allow societies to adapt their governing frameworks to reflect changing values, beliefs, and societal progress. They provide a mechanism for democracy to function and ensure that the principles and policies outlined in a document remain relevant and effective over time. The process of amending a document varies depending on the specific context and legal system.
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There has been a high rate of bicycle accidents in your community. The local police department has decided to host free bicycle safety seminars at a local community center. The officers who conduct the trainings are being paid for the time they conduct these seminars.
Is this example a public policy?
Answer:
yes they are helping with the incidences of the bicycles
Explanation:
The Start of Mexican American Gangs in LA', it is revealed that many Mexican immigrants had assimilated to American culture after the two World Wars. What did those who found it difficult to adapt call themselves?
In the context of Mexican American gangs in Los Angeles, those who found it difficult to adapt to American culture often referred to themselves as "pachucos" or "zoot suiters."
Pachucos were a subculture of Mexican American youth in the 1940s and 1950s who developed their own distinctive style, including wearing oversized zoot suits with wide-brimmed hats and flamboyant accessories.
The pachuco culture was seen as a way for young Mexican Americans to express their identity and assert their presence in a society that marginalized them. The term "pachuco" was later adopted by Mexican American gang members as a source of pride and camaraderie.
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Explain any TWO (2) principles of bureaucracy
according to Max Weber.
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
According to Max Weber, whom was a German scientist, bureaucracy is defined as an organization that highly structured, and formalized. Some of the principle of bureaucracy include:
1. A formal hierarchical structure – A bureaucratic organization, is set up in such a way that the levels below are being controlled by those above it. The basis of centralized decision is the formal hierarchy.
2. Rules-based Management – In a bureaucractic organization, rules are used to exert control such that the lower levels execute and do the decisions that are made by those at the higher levels.
The course of action a government takes in response to an issue or problem is called
federalism.
A. Federalism
B. Bureaucracy
C. public policy.
d. interstate policy.
briefly discuss the language requirements in our criminal statutes and the legal effect of vague or indefinite statutes.
Language requirements in criminal statutes serve the purpose of providing clear and specific guidelines for individuals to understand what behavior is prohibited and what constitutes a crime.
Vague or ambiguous laws can have a number of legal repercussions. First, people might not be aware of what behaviors are prohibited which can violate their right to due process. Legislation that is too ambiguous may be arbitrarily enforced and applied inequitably. Courts may declare such laws unconstitutional if they are too general or too vague and they may interpret them liberally in the defendant's favor.
Criminal statutes must be drafted with accuracy and clarity to ensure fairness and adherence to the rule of law. They must also provide clear guidelines for people to understand and follow the law.
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