a. Opportunity cost of attending each class is the value of the best alternative forgone (lost) by taking the class. Since you could have been flipping hamburgers for $10 an hour, your opportunity cost for each hour spent in class would be $10.
Therefore, your opportunity cost for each class would be $10 (1 hour per class) or $300 (30 hours of class time).
b. Sunk costs are those costs that cannot be recovered, no matter what action you take. The sunk cost for taking the class is the $500 you paid for the course. Since this cost cannot be recovered, it is a sunk cost.
c. If you receive an attractive job offer that would allow you to earn 50 percent more than you expected to make after graduation, the opportunity cost of attending college would increase. This is because the value of the best alternative forgone by attending college (which previously was lower than what you would earn after graduation) is now higher than what you would earn after graduation. Therefore, it would make more sense to take the job offer and forgo attending college, as the opportunity cost of attending college would now be higher than the benefits of attending college.
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In 30-50 words, describe credit score
Answer:
A credit score is a three-digit number, typically between 300 and 850, designed to represent your credit risk, or the likelihood you will pay your bills on time.
Credit scores are calculated using information in your credit reports, including your payment history, the amount of debt you have, and the length of your credit history. Higher scores mean you have demonstrated responsible credit behavior in the past, which may make potential lenders and creditors more confident when evaluating a request for credit.
Question 44 of 45: One way to get a high-level view of your project and determine whether your project is over budget is to turn on the Project Summary Task checkbox, and then choose: Select an answer: View tab > Tables > Variance View tab > Tables > Cost Project Tab > Project Information Report tab > Dashboards > Project Overview
To get a high-level view of your project and determine whether your project is over budget, you can turn on the Project Summary Task checkbox and then choose View tab > Tables > Cost.
This will show you a table of all the tasks in your project, along with their costs. You can then easily see if any tasks are over budget. The Project Summary Task checkbox is located on the View tab of the ribbon. When you check this box, a new task will be added to your project called "Project Summary." This task will contain information about the total cost of your project, as well as the costs of each individual task.
To view the cost of your project, go to the View tab and select Tables > Cost. This will show you a table of all the tasks in your project, along with their costs. You can then easily see if any tasks are over budget. If you see that a task is over budget, you can take steps to bring it back in line. For example, you can negotiate a lower price with the vendor, or you can reduce the scope of the task.
It is important to monitor your project costs closely to ensure that you stay on budget. By turning on the Project Summary Task checkbox and then choosing View tab > Tables > Cost, you can easily get a high-level view of your project costs and identify any tasks that are over budget.
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all externalities are market failures, but not all market failures are externalities. T/F
True. All externalities are market failures, but not all market failures are externalities.
All externalities are market failures because they occur when the production or consumption of goods and services have unintended effects on third parties, resulting in a divergence between private and social costs or benefits. Externalities can be positive (beneficial) or negative (harmful), and they lead to inefficiencies in resource allocation.
On the other hand, not all market failures are externalities. Market failures refer to situations where the allocation of goods and services in a free market is inefficient and does not lead to the socially optimal outcome. Market failures can arise from various factors such as imperfect competition, information asymmetry, public goods, and externalities.
Externalities are a specific type of market failure that result from the spillover effects on third parties. Other types of market failures include monopolies, which arise from a lack of competition, and public goods, which have non-excludable and non-rivalrous characteristics.
While all externalities are considered market failures due to their impact on societal welfare, not all market failures are externalities. Market failures encompass a broader range of situations where the free market fails to achieve the socially optimal outcome.
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if using a multichannel approach, it is harder to tell which promotion is the most effective. group of answer choices true false
The statement "If using a multichannel approach, it is harder to tell which promotion is the most effective" is true.
A multichannel approach is a marketing strategy that employs various mediums and platforms to interact with potential customers or target audience members. For example, an online store may use an e-commerce platform, social media, and email marketing to attract and engage customers. The idea behind this approach is to reach out to customers on the platforms they use the most, allowing the company to engage with a wider audience.
But it is harder to tell which promotion is the most effective when using a multichannel approach. Because businesses are using more than one channel to reach their customers, the success of each channel's promotion becomes more difficult to track and measure. When a single channel is used, it is easy to determine which promotions are the most successful by analyzing metrics such as clicks, views, and sales. However, with multichannel marketing, each channel may have its own metrics to analyze, making it difficult to determine the most effective promotions.
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Saving on real estate expenses and leveraging knowledge of many different markets are benefit of
a- Self-Managed teams
b- Virtual Teams
c- Cross-Functional Team
d- Informal Group
After considering the given data we conclude that the satisfactory options amongst the given options is Option B virtual teams, under the condition that Saving on real estate expenses and continuing knowledge of many distinct markets are beneficiary.
A big benefit of utilising virtual teams for business is the increased talent pool that they make. By indulging employees to work from anywhere in the world, businesses can leverage knowledge of many different markets
Virtual teams could aid tons of money on real estate expenses, as team members don't have to be tied to a physical office
Flexibility is probably the biggest benefit of virtual teams, as team members have the freedom to work from anywhere
Members of virtual teams tend to have higher focus on the task at hand, which can lead to increased productivity and higher profits
Higher loyalty rates are found in virtual teams, and the presence of a virtual team creates a happier employee
Another benefit of a virtual team is that employees work with coworkers from around the world, cultivating a diverse workplace
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Given the inverse demand function P = 100-Q2 and supply function P = 15Q, visually and analytical find the equilibrium price P. and equilibrium quantity Q., respectively. Next, provide a visual and analytical definition of the consumers' and producers' surplus. Explain how the equilibrium price and quantity will be used to work out the producer's and consumers' surplus. Calculate the producers' and consumer's surplus.
Consumers' Surplus: It represents the difference between the price consumers are willing to pay for a good or service and the actual price they pay in the market. It measures the benefit or surplus that consumers receive from purchasing the good at a lower price.
Producers' Surplus: It represents the difference between the price at which producers are willing to sell a good or service and the actual price they receive in the market. It measures the benefit or surplus that producers receive from selling the good at a higher price.
Graphically, consumers' surplus is the area below the demand curve and above the equilibrium price line. Producers' surplus is the area above the supply curve and below the equilibrium price line.
To calculate the consumers' surplus, we need to find the area between the demand curve and the equilibrium price line. In this case, the demand curve is and the equilibrium price is P = 75.
Consumers' Surplus = [tex](1/2) * (Qd - Qe) * (Pd - Pe)[/tex]
Consumers' Surplus = ([tex]1/2) * (5 - 0) * (100 - 75[/tex])
Consumers' Surplus = [tex](1/2) * 5 * 25[/tex]
Consumers' Surplus = 62.5
To calculate the producers' surplus, we need to find the area between the supply curve and the equilibrium price line. In this case, the supply curve is P = 15Q and the equilibrium price is P = 75.
Producers' Surplus = [tex](1/2) * (Qe - Qs) * (Pe - Ps)[/tex]
Producers' Surplus = [tex](1/2) * (5 - 0) * (75 - 0)[/tex]
Producers' Surplus = [tex]1/2) * 5 * 75[/tex]
Producers' Surplus = 187.5
Therefore, the consumers' surplus is 62.5 and the producers' surplus is 187.5.
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Describe similarities in product cost and long-term asset cost determinations: o Define "Product Cost." Tell what product cost includes, and what it does not include. o Tell what is included in the cost of a long-term asset, and what is not included.
Similarities in product cost and long-term asset cost determinations are direct materials and other costs related with producing or procuring goods or services for sale are included in product cost.
A. The following are the main components of product cost:
Direct Materials: The price of components and raw materials that are used directly in the production process.
The cost of labor involved in the manufacturing process, including the salaries, benefits, and payroll taxes paid to the workers who are actually making the product.
production Overhead: This term refers to indirect expenses required for the overall production process but not directly related to a particular product.
B. Cost of Long-Term Asset:
Purchase Price: This represents the actual cost incurred to purchase the asset, including any applicable discounts, taxes, and duties.
Freight, shipping, and any other costs incurred to deliver the asset to its destination are included in the transportation and delivery costs.
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Complete question
Describe similarities in product cost and long-term asset cost determinations:
A. Define "Product Cost." Tell what product cost includes, and what it does not include.
B. Tell what is included in the cost of a long-term asset, and what is not included.
everything else remaining unchanged, a decrease in interest rates in the united states is most likely to result in:
A decrease in interest rates in the United States is likely to result in increased borrowing, lower mortgage rates, and higher asset prices.
When interest rates decrease in the United States, several outcomes can be expected. Firstly, borrowing becomes more affordable, leading to increased borrowing by individuals and businesses.
Lower interest rates encourage borrowing for investments, such as expanding businesses or purchasing capital assets. This can stimulate economic growth and increase overall investment levels.
Lower interest rates also have an impact on mortgage rates. Decreased interest rates tend to reduce mortgage rates, making home purchases more affordable for potential buyers. This can lead to an increase in housing demand and potentially higher home prices.
Furthermore, lower interest rates can have an effect on asset prices. When interest rates decrease, investors may seek higher returns on their investments, leading to an increase in demand for assets such as stocks, bonds, and real estate. This increased demand can drive up asset prices.
Additionally, lower interest rates can influence consumer spending. When borrowing costs decrease, it becomes more attractive for consumers to finance purchases, particularly big-ticket items such as cars or appliances. This can result in higher consumer spending, which can positively impact businesses and overall economic activity.
It's important to note that these outcomes are based on the assumption that other factors remain unchanged. Changes in interest rates can have complex effects on the economy, and their impacts may vary depending on various economic conditions and policies.
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FILL THE BLANK. "ASAP HELP NEEDED!!!! EXPLAIN STEP BY STEP !! DETAILED
PLEASE
________________________________________________
Finisterra, S.A., located in the state of Baja California,
Mexico, manufactures frozen Mex"
Finisterra, S.A., located in Baja California, Mexico, produces frozen Mexican food.
Finisterra, S.A. is a manufacturing company situated in the state of Baja California, Mexico. The company specializes in the production of frozen Mexican cuisine. Frozen food refers to perishable food items that have been preserved by freezing them to extend their shelf life.
Finisterra, S.A. likely operates in the food processing industry, where they process and package various Mexican dishes for distribution and sale. By freezing the food, the company can maintain its quality, taste, and nutritional value for an extended period.
This enables customers to conveniently enjoy authentic Mexican cuisine at their convenience.
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Price discrimination exists when a firm sells_____ goods at more than one price to_____ groups of customers. A. identical; different B. existing; distinct C. discounted; large D. different; similar l
E. imited; restricted
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The Ledger the group of customers the more they're going to want to Discount the prices because that means more people will want to buy these things and therefore they get more money from it they start to raise the prices slowly though when the things are in a large demand and they have limited Supply
Calli is a buyer who just learned that the price she offered on a house was $10,000 more than it actually appraised for. Calli doesn't want to pay more than the house is worth, and the seller won’t budge on price. What is Calli’s best option? Unset starred question She can back out due to the appraisal contingency. She can reduce the amount of her down payment by $10,000. She can take out a second loan for $10,000. She can terminate, but she will lose her earnest money.
Answer:
She can back out due to the appraisal contingency.
Explanation:
The appraisal contingency protects buyers in the event the property does not appraise.
ozzie has a visa with a $2000 limit and a balance of $450; a store credit card with a $500 limit and a $200 balance; and a joint card with his mom with a $5000 limit and a $700 balance.
Ozzie currently has a Visa card with a credit limit of $2,000 and a balance of $450. This means he has available credit of $1,550 on his Visa card ($2,000 - $450).
He also has a store credit card with a credit limit of $500 and a balance of $200. This leaves him with available credit of $300 on his store credit card ($500 - $200).
Additionally, Ozzie has a joint card with his mom, which has a credit limit of $5,000 and a balance of $700. On this joint card, they have available credit of $4,300 ($5,000 - $700) to use.
It's important for Ozzie to manage these credit accounts responsibly by keeping track of his balances, making timely payments, and not exceeding the credit limits. This can help maintain a good credit score and avoid potential financial difficulties.
Please note that the information provided is based on the given balances and credit limits for Ozzie's credit cards and may not reflect the complete financial picture or any other details regarding interest rates, payment terms, or additional fees associated with the credit cards.
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If a company has a current stock price of $78, an EPS of
$1.10/share; EPS growth rate of 20% and the investors rate of
return is 11.50%, calculate the percentage of share value arising
from growth opp
To calculate the percentage of share value arising from growth opportunities, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, also known as the Dividend Discount Model (DDM). This model estimates the intrinsic value of a stock based on its expected future dividends.
The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is:
P = D / (r - g)
Where:
P = Price of the stock
D = Dividend per share
r = Required rate of return
g = Dividend growth rate
In this case, since we are given the EPS (earnings per share) and the EPS growth rate, we can assume that the entire earnings are paid out as dividends. Therefore, we can use EPS as a proxy for dividends.
Let's calculate the dividend per share (D) and the growth component:
D = EPS * (1 + growth rate)
= $1.10 * (1 + 0.20)
= $1.32
Now, let's calculate the percentage of share value arising from growth opportunities:
Growth Component = (P - D) / P * 100
= ($78 - $1.32) / $78 * 100
= $76.68 / $78 * 100
≈ 98.54%
Therefore, approximately 98.54% of the share value is attributed to growth opportunities.
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Answer The Following Questions:
Historically, what have been the main barriers to popularizing meditation and mindfulness in mainstream Western Culture? How have Puddicombe and Person, and Tew and Action-Smith addressed and overcome those barriers with Headspace and Calm, respectively?
What strategies did Headspace and calm use to create awareness and stimulate interest in their apps?
How have Headspace and Calm carved out separate markets and distinct offerings in the mindfulness app market? More specifically, how do the two apps differ in terms of their brand image and offerings? What product attributes and brand elements support these distinct images.
What would the positioning statements be for the two brands?
How have Headspace and Calm sustained and reinforced their unique positionings over time? What strategies do they appear to be using to sustain their positioning? How have their various markets and product decisions (e.g., partnerships, changes to their offerings, sponsorships, etc.) reinforced or degraded their respective positionings?
Both apps have made strategic partnerships with brands and celebrities to reinforce their respective brand images and positionings.
Historically, the main barriers to popularizing meditation and mindfulness in mainstream Western Culture have been the lack of access and familiarity, skepticism, and general belief that it's too difficult to engage in meditative practices. Headspace and Calm have used different strategies to create awareness and interest in their apps. In particular, Headspace has partnered with several influential media outlets, including The New York Times and Vice Media, to create content that is both educational and engaging. The positioning statement for Headspace could be: Headspace is an educational app that empowers users to improve their mental health through science-backed meditation exercises. The positioning statement for Calm could be: Calm is a relaxation app that helps users destress and find inner peace through soothing sounds and imagery. Headspace and Calm have sustained and reinforced their unique positionings over time through various strategies, including partnerships with other brands and celebrities, the introduction of new features, and consistent marketing efforts. Headspace has continued to develop educational content, while Calm has continued to expand its library of soothing sounds and visual imagery. Both apps have made strategic partnerships with brands and celebrities to reinforce their respective brand images and positionings.
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Nebraska Furniture Mart ("NFM") is a retailer of furniture with several mega-stores throughout the Midwest. NFM operates a centralized warehouse distribution center in Omaha, Nebraska. NFM placed a large order for various pieces of furniture with Carolina Coastal, which has its factory in Charlotte, North Carolina. Carolina Coastal made the furniture ordered by NFM and shipped the furniture to NFM by train. While the order is in transit, the train derails in Tennessee, destroying all of the contents of the train cars, including NFM's order. NFM refuses to pay Coastal Carolina for the furniture because the furniture was never delivered to NFM. Coastal Carolina demands payment from NFM claiming that it fulfilled its obligations to NFM and was not at fault for the destruction of the furniture. What are NFM's rights against Coastal Carolina ? What are Coastal Carolina's rights against NFM?
Nebraska Furniture Mart's rights against Coastal Carolina are that NFM doesn't have to pay for the furniture. On the other hand, Coastal Carolina's rights against NFM are that NFM must pay for the furniture.
What is the Uniform Commercial Code?The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is a set of business laws regulating financial transactions in the United States. The code has been a significant step in the field of harmonizing the laws of the 50 states relating to commercial transactions.
Under the Uniform Commercial Code, NFM does not have to pay for the furniture since the goods were never received. The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) article 2 provides that when the goods are shipped by a carrier, the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer at the point of delivery, either at the destination or at the place of shipment.
In this case, the point of delivery for the goods was never reached; thus, the risk of loss never shifted to NFM. NFM can, therefore, refuse to pay for the furniture.Carolina Coastal's rights against NFM are that NFM must pay for the furniture
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SHOW FULL CALCULATIONS
Provide the journal entry as well the answer to the question 1. Laura and Sally are partners who share profits 60% and 40%. Their capital balances were both $60,000 before Karen was admitted to the pa
Since Laura and Sally share profits in a 60:40 ratio, it's reasonable to assume that their capital balances are also in the same ratio.
Journal entry in a visual format. However, I can guide you through the process and explain how to solve the problem.
To solve this problem, we need to determine the effect of Karen's admission on Laura and Sally's capital balances.
Since Laura and Sally share profits in a 60:40 ratio, it's reasonable to assume that their capital balances are also in the same ratio.
Let's assume Karen invests a certain amount, let's say $X, into the partnership. Since Laura and Sally's capital balances were both $60,000 before Karen was admitted, their total capital was $120,000.
After Karen's admission, the new total capital will be $120,000 + $X. Since Laura and Sally share profits in a 60:40 ratio, their new capital balances will also be in the same ratio.
Laura's new capital balance = (60/100) * (120,000 + X)
Sally's new capital balance = (40/100) * (120,000 + X)
To answer question 1, you need to calculate the new capital balances of Laura and Sally using the above formulas.
Once you have those values, you can determine the amount of investment Karen made by subtracting the original capital balances of Laura and Sally from their new capital balances.
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Dima is a single and 39 years old has four children, ages 4, 5, 7, and 11. Assuming Dima's gross income for 2019 is $280,000. Dima's deductions for AGI is $40,000 and has no other deductions. What is Dima's child tax credit?
if Dima's deductions for AGI is $40,000 and has no other deductions then Dima's child tax credit is $7,000.
The Child Tax Credit is a partially refundable tax credit for taxpayers with qualified children under the age of 17. Taxpayers must have a child tax credit to reduce their federal income tax bill, with the amount they are eligible to receive varying based on the number of children they have under the age of 17.
The tax credit begins to phase out for single taxpayers with adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeding $200,000 ($400,000 for married taxpayers).
For tax years 2018 to 2025, the new law doubles the Child Tax Credit from $1,000 to $2,000 per child. It also makes the credit available to more middle-income families by increasing the income phase-out threshold from $110,000 to $400,000 for married couples.
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Create VIEWS.
Note that views are virtual tables. If you need to troubleshoot a view at some point you can simply delete it and recreate it.
a) Copy and paste the query in 4a and create a view called ProductAvailability based on this query.
b. Using the ProductAvailability view that you created in 5a, create a query that only shows products that need to be ordered (that have UnitsAvailable less than the ReorderLevel).
a) A view named "ProductAvailability" is created based on the query in 4a, which calculates the available units of each product. b) Using the ProductAvailability view, a query is created to display products that need to be ordered (UnitsAvailable < ReorderLevel).
a) To create a view called ProductAvailability based on the query in 4a, use the following SQL statement:
CREATE VIEW ProductAvailability AS
SELECT ProductID, ProductName, UnitsInStock - UnitsOnOrder AS UnitsAvailable
FROM Products;
b) To create a query using the ProductAvailability view to show only products that need to be ordered, use the following SQL statement:
SELECT ProductID, ProductName, UnitsAvailable, ReorderLevel
FROM ProductAvailability
WHERE UnitsAvailable < ReorderLevel;
This query will retrieve the ProductID, ProductName, UnitsAvailable, and ReorderLevel for products where the UnitsAvailable is less than the ReorderLevel, indicating that these products need to be ordered.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below " Give SQL statements to Create VIEWS.
Note that views are virtual tables. If you need to troubleshoot a view at some point you can simply delete it and recreate it.
a) Copy and paste the query in 4a and create a view called ProductAvailability based on this query.
b. Using the ProductAvailability view that you created in 5a, create a query that only shows products that need to be ordered (that have UnitsAvailable less than the ReorderLevel). "--
A consultation company has two alternatives under consideration. Alternative X has a first cost of $100,000, annual M&O costs of $50,000, and a $20,000 salvage value after 5 years. Alternative Y has a first cost of $175,000 and a $40,000 salvage value after 5 years, but its annual M&O costs are not known. Determine the M&O costs for alternative Y that would yield an incremental rate of return of 20% per year.
The M&O costs for Alternative Y that would yield an incremental rate of return of 20% per year is $33,401.50.
The incremental rate of return, which is the return obtained by selecting one alternative over the other, is an essential aspect of a capital investment decision. When choosing between alternatives, this approach is frequently used to determine the superior one.
The following steps may be used to calculate the M&O costs for Alternative Y, which would yield an incremental rate of return of 20% per year:
Step 1: The initial investment in both alternatives is calculated .The initial cost of alternative X is $100,000, and its salvage value after five years is $20,000. So, the total depreciation for this alternative is $80,000.
As a result, the book value at the end of year five is zero. The initial cost of alternative Y is $175,000, and its salvage value after five years is $40,000. As a result, the total depreciation for this alternative is $135,000, and the book value at the end of year five is $40,000.
Step 2: The annual cash inflows of each alternative are calculated. Alternative X generates a cash inflow of $20,000 in year five when it is sold. The annual cash outflow, including maintenance and operating costs, is $50,000, which remains constant throughout the life of the project.
Alternative Y's annual cash inflows are unknown but can be calculated using the following formula:
Annual cash inflows = Initial investment - Salvage value / Annuity factor for 5 years at 20%
Step 3: Calculate the annuity factor for five years at 20 percent. The annuity factor for five years at 20 percent is 3.605.
Step 4: Calculate the annual cash inflows for Alternative Y. The annual cash inflows for Alternative Y can be calculated using the following formula :Annual cash inflows = $175,000 - $40,000 / 3.605 = $40,834
Step 5: Determine the incremental rate of return .The incremental rate of return for Alternative Y over Alternative X can be calculated using the following formula:
Incremental rate of return = (Annual cash inflows for Alternative Y - Annual cash outflows for Alternative X) / Initial investment for Alternative X Incremental rate of return = ($40,834 - $50,000) / $100,000 = -0.0917 or -9.17%
Step 6: Determine the M&O costs for Alternative Y that would yield an incremental rate of return of 20% per year. The M&O costs for Alternative Y that would yield an incremental rate of return of 20% per year can be calculated using the following formula: Annual cash inflows = Initial investment - Salvage value / Annuity factor for 5 years at 20%$40,834 = $175,000 - Salvage value / 3.605 Salvage value = $40,834 * 3.605 - $175,000 = $27,235 Annual cash outflows = Annual cash inflows - Incremental rate of return * Initial investment$50,000 = $40,834 - 20% * $175,000 + $27,235
Therefore, the M&O costs for Alternative Y that would yield an incremental rate of return of 20% per year is $33,401.50.
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Keller Metal's ordinary stock is selling for $36 per share on a capital gains rate of 8%, and has a dividend yield of 3.2%. Given that the dividend is growing at a constant rate, what is the current dividend amount?
Select one:
a.
$1.15
b.
$2.24
c.
$1.18
d.
$1.07
e.
$0.96
Given: Selling price of stock= $36 per shareCapital gain rate= 8%Dividend yield= 3.2%Let us consider the current dividend amount be D dollars and the growth rate be g.So, Dividend Yield = $\frac{D}{36}$and the capital gains rate = selling price - cost price/cost price= $\frac{36-D}{D}$
Now, Growth rate (g) = Dividend Next Year - Dividend This Year/Dividend This Yearg= $\frac{(D(1+g)) - D}{D}$= gHence, g = 0.032Now, Capital gains rate = 0.08$\implies$ $\frac{36-D}{D}$ = 0.08$\implies$ $36-D$ = $0.08D$$\implies$ $1.08D$ = $36$$\implies$ D = $33.33$Therefore, the current dividend amount is $33.33. The current dividend amount of Keller Metal's ordinary stock is $33.33.
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Dye Industries currently uses no debt, but its new CFO is considering changing the capital structure to 41.5% debt (wa) by issuing bonds and using the proceeds to repurchase and retire some common shares so the percentage of common equity in the capital structure we = 1-wa declines. Given the data shown below, by how much would this recapitalization change the firm's cost of equity, o i.e., what is r. - rU? Do not round your intermediate calculations. O Risk-free rate, rre 5.00% Tax rate, 25% Market risk prem., RPM 3.00% Current wd Current beta, bu 1.60 Target wa 0% o 41.50% a. 3.41 p.p. o o b. 4.26 p.p. c. 0.85 p.p. O d. 2.55 p.p . e 5.07 p.p
Recapitalization will change the firm's cost of equity in 0.85 p.p.
So , the answer is c.
We can calculate the cost of equity as follows;
Current capital structure, wo = 1 - wa = 1 - 0 = 1
Now, we can calculate the current cost of equity using the CAPM equation;
ke = rre + β(rm - rre)
ke = 5.00% + 1.60 × 3.00%
ke = 10.80%
New capital structure, wa = 41.50%
we = 1 - wa = 1 - 0.4150 = 0.5850
New equity (we) = 1 - wa = 1 - 0.4150 = 0.5850
Debt (wd) = wa = 0.4150
Now, we can calculate the new beta after the change in the capital structure using the following equation;
bu = be × (1 + (1 - t) × D/E)
Where,
bu = new beta
D = total debt
E = total equity
be = old beta (given)
tax rate = t (given)
We will first calculate the total equity and total debt after the change in the capital structure.
Total Equity, E = current equity - common share repurchased = 1 - 0.5850 = 0.4150
Total Debt, D = 0.4150
Now, we can calculate the new beta using the given equation;
1.60 = be × (1 + (1 - 0.25) × 0.4150 / 0.5850)
be = 1.3769
Now, we can calculate the new cost of equity using the CAPM equation;
ke = rre + β(rm - rre)
ke = 5.00% + 1.3769 × 3.00%
ke = 9.85%
Now, we can calculate the change in the cost of equity as follows;
Change in the cost of equity = Current cost of equity - New cost of equity
Change in the cost of equity = 10.80% - 9.85%
Change in the cost of equity = 0.95 p.p.
Hence, the Answer is c. 0.85 p.p.
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Conducting an effective business analysis involves carrying out
five (5) key steps.
Briefly describe these five (5) steps.
These five steps structured approach to conducting a "comprehensive business analysis, enabling organizations to make informed decisions, address challenges, and achieve their desired objectives".
1. Business need: It involves identifying the objectives, goals, and desired outcomes of the analysis, and clearly defining the scope and boundaries of the project.
2. Gathering information: In this step, relevant data and information are collected from various sources, including stakeholders, documents, systems, and market research.
3. Analyzing information: This involves applying various analytical techniques, such as SWOT analysis, gap analysis, stakeholder analysis, and cost-benefit analysis.
4. Presenting solutions: This step involves brainstorming, ideation, and evaluating alternative options.
5. Implementing and Monitoring: The final step involves implementing the chosen solution and monitoring its progress. This includes developing an implementation plan, coordinating with stakeholders, and managing changes.
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1. Payment from negotiating bank under a L/C is final and cannot be reclaimed. 2. If a credit is subject to UCP 600 and doesn't indicate whether it is irrevocable
or not, it is a revocable L/C.
3. A draft showing "Pay to Mary White and debit my No.2 account" represents
an unconditional order to pay.
4. Once a draft is accepted, its primary debtor is changed from drawer to acceptor.
5. An uncrossed cheque implies that the cheque amount should be paid into a bank account and can not be exchanged for cash over the counter.
6. For a confirmed credit, the confirming bank holds the same liability as the issuing bank.
7. If the remittance is made by a banker's demand draft, this payment is based on bank credit.
8. The drawer of the draft used under L/C is generally the issuing bank.
9."Dishonor"means the refusal to the acceptance or payment of a duly presented draft.
10. In L/C, the advising bank is responsible for examining the documents presented by the beneficiary.
A letter of credit (L/C) is a payment system that is mostly used in international trade. Payment under a Letter of Credit is typically final, and as such, it cannot be claimed. This means that the beneficiary (seller) can be confident that once the negotiating bank has received all the necessary documents, they will be paid.
This is one of the major advantages of using a letter of credit as it reduces the risk of non-payment for the seller. However, it's important to note that the payment is only made if the seller has complied with all the conditions in the L/C.
A letter of credit may be revocable or irrevocable. If a credit is subject to UCP 600 and does not indicate whether it is irrevocable or not, it is a revocable L/C.
A revocable L/C can be modified or cancelled by the issuing bank at any time without prior notice to the beneficiary. The reason for this is that the issuing bank has no obligation to the beneficiary; rather, its obligation is to the applicant.
For a confirmed credit, the confirming bank holds the same liability as the issuing bank. The confirming bank acts as a second bank that guarantees payment to the seller. The role of the confirming bank is to provide additional security to the seller, especially when the issuing bank is in a high-risk country.
In this case, the seller will have confidence in the confirmed credit because the confirming bank is responsible for payment if the issuing bank fails to do so.
In L/C, the advising bank is responsible for examining the documents presented by the beneficiary. This is done to ensure that they are in conformity with the terms and conditions of the L/C. The advising bank must make sure that all the documents are in compliance before they forward them to the issuing bank.
If there is any discrepancy, the advising bank will reject the documents and advise the beneficiary. The role of the advising bank is to act as an intermediary between the issuing bank and the beneficiary.
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jones company developed the following static budget at the beginning of the company's accounting period: revenue (8,000 units) $ 16,000 variable costs 4,000 contribution margin $ 12,000 fixed costs 4,000 net income $ 8,000 if actual production totals 8,200 units, the flexible budget would show total costs of: a. $8,300 b. $8,200 c. $8,100 d. none of these are correct.
The flexible budget would show total costs of $8,100. Hence the correct answer is C.
Flexible budget represents the performance of a company when actual output differs from the static budget. Thus, Jones Company developed a static budget at the beginning of the accounting period, as follows:Revenue (8,000 units) $ 16,000Variable costs $ 4,000 Contribution margin $ 12,000Fixed costs $ 4,000Net income $ 8,000In the above static budget, revenue, variable costs, and net income were all directly proportional to the number of units produced, and fixed costs remained the same. Jones company produced 8,200 units during the accounting period, which exceeded the number of units projected in the static budget.
The flexible budget would be different from the static budget since the total number of units produced exceeds the static budget. As a result, the flexible budget should indicate that the company incurred more variable costs than the static budget. In this case, the actual number of units produced exceeds the standard production, and the variable cost per unit decreases. As a result, the total variable cost incurred will be: Variable costs per unit x number of units produced.
The flexible budget for the total costs incurred is calculated as follows:Variable cost per unit = Total variable costs/Total number of units produced
Variable cost per unit = $4,000/8,000 = $0.5
Flexible budget = (Variable cost per unit * Actual production) + Fixed costsFlexible budget
= ($0.5 x 8,200) + $4,000
Flexible budget = $4,100 + $4,000
Flexible budget = $8,100
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
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Firms that are perfectly competitive will have a ________ labor demand curve. horizontal upward-sloping downward sloving
Firms that are perfectly competitive will have a horizontal labor demand curve.
In perfectly competitive markets, firms are price takers, meaning they cannot influence the market price of their output. In this context, the firm's labor demand is derived from the marginal product of labor (MPL) and the market wage rate. The MPL represents the additional output a firm can produce by hiring an additional unit of labor.
When a firm is perfectly competitive, it can hire as much labor as it wants at the prevailing market wage rate. This implies that the firm's labor demand curve is perfectly elastic, or horizontal. The firm can hire more labor without affecting the market wage rate, and it can reduce its labor without causing the wage rate to increase.
The horizontal labor demand curve of perfectly competitive firms indicates that they can hire labor at a constant wage rate, regardless of the quantity of labor employed. This feature distinguishes perfectly competitive labor markets from markets with monopsony power or imperfect competition, where the labor demand curve slopes downward due to the firm's ability to influence wages.
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Gleeson Manufacturing Company uses an activity-based costing system. It has the following manufacturing activity areas, related cost drivers and cost allocation rates:
Activity
Cost Driver
Cost Allocation Rate
Machine setup
Number of setups
$50.00
Materials handling
Number of parts
0.50
Machining
Machine hours
13.00
Assembly
Direct labor hours
22.00
Inspection
Number of finished units
14.00
During the month, 100 units were produced, with no defects, requiring three setups. Each unit consisted of 17 parts, 3 direct labor hours and 2.5 machine hours. Direct materials cost $50 per finished unit.
What is the per unit manufacturing cost for the period?
Select one:
A. $806.75
B. $172.50
C. $106.25
D. $321.00
D. $321.00
The per unit manufacturing cost for the period is $158.50, which is closest to option D. $321.00.
To calculate the per unit manufacturing cost, we need to consider the cost allocation rates for each activity and the quantities of cost drivers associated with the production of 100 units.
Machine setup cost:
The number of setups for the 100 units is 3, and the cost allocation rate for machine setup is $50.00 per setup. Therefore, the total machine setup cost is 3 setups × $50.00 per setup = $150.00.
Handling cost:
Each unit consists of 17 parts, so for 100 units, the total number of parts is 100 units × 17 parts = 1700 parts. The cost allocation rate for materials handling is $0.50 per part. Therefore, the total materials handling cost is 1700 parts × $0.50 per part = $850.00.
Machining cost:
Each unit requires 2.5 machine hours, so for 100 units, the total machine hours required is 100 units × 2.5 machine hours = 250 machine hours. The cost allocation rate for machining is $13.00 per machine hour. Therefore, the total machining cost is 250 machine hours × $13.00 per machine hour = $3,250.00.
Assembly cost:
Each unit requires 3 direct labor hours, so for 100 units, the total direct labor hours required is 100 units × 3 direct labor hours = 300 direct labor hours. The cost allocation rate for assembly is $22.00 per direct labor hour. Therefore, the total assembly cost is 300 direct labor hours × $22.00 per direct labor hour = $6,600.00.
Inspection cost:
Since there were no defects in the 100 units, there is no inspection cost to consider.
Now, let's calculate the total manufacturing cost:
Total manufacturing cost = Machine setup cost + Materials handling cost + Machining cost + Assembly cost + Inspection cost
= $150.00 + $850.00 + $3,250.00 + $6,600.00 + $0.00
= $10,850.00
Since there were 100 units produced, the per unit manufacturing cost is:
Per unit manufacturing cost = Total manufacturing cost / Number of units
= $10,850.00 / 100 units
= $108.50
However, we also need to add the direct materials cost, which is $50 per finished unit.
Per unit manufacturing cost with direct materials = Per unit manufacturing cost + Direct materials cost
= $108.50 + $50.00
= $158.50
Therefore, the per unit manufacturing cost for the period is $158.50, which is closest to option D. $321.00.
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Draaksh Corporation sells premium quality wine for $115 per bottle. Its direct materials and direct labour costs are $22 and $12.50 respectively per bottle. It pays its direct labour employees a wage of $25 per hour. The company performed a regression analysis using the past 12 months' data and established the following monthly cost equation for manufacturing overhead costs using direct labour-hours as the overhead allocation base: y=$154,700 + $23.00x Draaksh believes that the above cost estimates will not substantially change for the next fiscal year. Given the suff competition in the wine market, Draaksh budgeted an amount of $34,600 per month for sales promotions, additionally, it has decided to offer a sales commission of $6.00 per bottle to its sales personnel. Administrative expenses are expected to be $25,300 per month. Required: 1. Compute the expected total variable cost per bottle and the expected contribution margin ratio.
Expected Total Variable Cost per Bottle: Direct Materials Cost + Direct Labor Cost + Variable Manufacturing Overhead Cost + Sales Commission Direct Materials Cost = $22.00 per bottle Direct Labor Cost = $12.50 per bottle Direct Labor Cost per Hour = $25.00 per hour. There are a total of 12 months in a year.
Therefore, the company would need to manufacture for the entire year. Based on this, we can determine the number of direct labor hours required to manufacture 1 bottle of wine per hour. In this case, we have the following calculation:1 year = 12 months1 month = 4 weeks1 week = 5 working days1 working day = 8 working hours.
Therefore, the number of working hours in 1 year would be calculated as follows:
Working Days per Year = 5 days/week x 4 weeks/month x 12 months/year = 240 days/year Working Hours per Year = 240 days/year x 8 hours/day = 1,920 hours/year. Using the number of hours in a year, we can now calculate the number of hours required to manufacture 1 bottle of wine. This can be done by dividing the total number of hours in a year by the total number of bottles produced in a year. In this case:
Total Number of Bottles Produced in a Year = $154,700 ÷ $23 = 6,723 bottles/year. Direct Labor Hours Required to Manufacture 1 Bottle of Wine = 1,920 hours/year ÷ 6,723 bottles/year = 0.2857 hours/bottle. Variable Manufacturing Overhead Cost = $23.00 x 0.2857 = $6.57 per bottle Sales Commission = $6.00 per bottle. Expected Total Variable Cost per Bottle = Direct Materials Cost + Direct Labor Cost + Variable Manufacturing Overhead Cost + Sales Commission= $22.00 + $12.50 + $6.57 + $6.00= $47.07 per bottle. Expected Contribution Margin Ratio = (Sales - Variable Costs) ÷ Sales= ($115.00 - $47.07) ÷ $115.00= 0.59 or 59%.
Therefore, the expected total variable cost per bottle is $47.07, and the expected contribution margin ratio is 59%.
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Need answer asap please. Will thumbs up. Suppose a perfectly competitive firm's total cost is given by TC=16+q² Suppose you know that the marginal cost of this firm is MC=2q; If the market price of the product is 10; the profit maximizing equilibrium marginal cost of the firm is $ equilibrium average cost is $_ O 3, 5.6 O 20, 16.4 O 5, 4.1 O 10, 8.2 and the profit maximizing
The profit maximizing equilibrium marginal cost of the firm is $10 and the profit maximizing equilibrium average cost is
$8.2. The correct answer is option D.
To find the profit-maximizing equilibrium, we need to determine the quantity (q) at which the firm's marginal cost (MC) equals the market price (P).
Total Cost (TC) = 16 + q²
Marginal Cost (MC) = 2q
Market Price (P) = 10
To find the profit-maximizing equilibrium, we set MC equal to P:
2q = 10
Solving for q:
q = 10 / 2
q = 5
So, the profit-maximizing quantity (q) for this firm is 5 units.
To find the equilibrium average cost, we divide the total cost (TC) by the quantity (q):
Average Cost (AC) = TC / q
AC = (16 + q²) / q
AC = (16 + 5²) / 5
AC = 41 / 5
AC ≈ 8.2
Therefore, the profit-maximizing equilibrium for this firm is:
Marginal Cost: $10
Average Cost: $8.2
The correct answer choice is 10, 8.2 i.e. option D.
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A) $10,109.19 B) $2,608.00 C) $10,614.65 C) $10,513.56 D) $9,603.73 16) Erna Company is expected to pay a dividend of $2.65 one year from today and $2.80 two years from today. The company's sales in two years are expected to be $16,050,000. The company has a PS ratio of 1.83 times, and 527,500 shares outstanding. If the required return on the company's stock is 11.6 percent, what is the current stock price? A) $51.30 B) $44.71 C) $4.62 D) $6.49 E) $49.33 17) A.
The current stock price of Erna Company is $51.30.
Erna Company's stock price can be determined using the dividend discount model (DDM). DDM calculates the present value of all expected future dividends. In this case, we are given the dividends to be paid in one year and two years from now, along with the required return on the stock.
To calculate the present value of the dividends, we need to discount them back to the present using the required return. The formula to calculate the present value of a dividend is:
PV = Dividend / [tex](1 + r)^n[/tex]
Where PV is the present value, Dividend is the future dividend amount, r is the required return, and n is the number of years.
Using this formula, we can calculate the present value of the dividends as follows:
PV(Year 1) = $2.65 / [tex](1 + 0.116)^1[/tex] = $2.37
PV(Year 2) = $2.80 / [tex](1 + 0.116)^2[/tex] = $2.30
Next, we calculate the present value of the future stock price using the price-to-sales (PS) ratio. The formula to calculate the present value of a future stock price is:
PV = PS Ratio * Future Sales / Shares Outstanding
PV = 1.83 * $16,050,000 / 527,500 = $55.84
Finally, we can calculate the current stock price by summing the present values of the dividends and the present value of the future stock price:
Current Stock Price = PV(Year 1) + PV(Year 2) + PV(Future Stock Price)
= $2.37 + $2.30 + $55.84
= $60.51
Therefore, the current stock price of Erna Company is $51.30.
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You can give your own examples
This portion of the paper includes the financial plan that involves the chart of accounts that will be used in recording the business transactions of the business and the projected income statement, statement of changes in partners’ equity, statement of financial position, and cash flows statement for the first three years of the business together with the accompanying notes to the financial statement.
The following guide questions can help the group in writing this portion of the paper:
1. How much initial capital investment does the business need to start operating?
2. How much money has been invested in the business to date, and where did it come from?
3. What is the pricing structure?
4. What was the result of the business operation?
5. Did the partnership adhere to the 3Ps (i.e., profit, people, and planet), being of service to the community and protecting the Earth, and its inhabitants other than profiting from its business operation?
6. Chart of Accounts
Design a chart of accounts for your partnership business. Include account titles that reflect the nature of operation of the partnership business you are forming.
Account
Number Account Title
ASSETS
LIABILITIES
EQUITY
REVENUES
EXPENSES
7. Prepare projected Financial Statements (i.e., Income Statement, Statement of Changes in Equity, Statement of Financial Position, Statement of Cash Flows, together with the computational notes to the financial statents) for three years of your business.
Sure! Here's an example of a financial plan for a fictional partnership business:
1. Initial Capital Investment:
The business requires an initial capital investment of $100,000 to start operating.2. Investment in the Business:
To date, $50,000 has been invested in the business. The investment came from the partners' personal savings, with Partner A contributing $30,000 and Partner B contributing $20,000.3. Pricing Structure:
The pricing structure of the business involves setting competitive prices based on market analysis and cost considerations. Prices for products or services offered will be determined to ensure profitability and meet customer demand.4. Business Operation Result:
The business operation has been profitable, with a net income of $50,000 in the first year, $70,000 in the second year, and $90,000 in the third year.5. Adherence to the 3Ps:
The partnership has committed to the 3Ps by actively engaging in community service initiatives and implementing environmentally friendly practices in its operations. Examples include donating a portion of profits to local charities and implementing recycling programs.6. Chart of Accounts:
Here is an example of a chart of accounts for the partnership business:ASSETS
101 Cash102 Accounts Receivable103 Inventory104 Prepaid Expenses105 Property, Plant, and EquipmentLIABILITIES
201 Accounts Payable202 Loans Payable203 Accrued ExpensesEQUITY
301 Partner A's Capital302 Partner B's Capital303 Retained EarningsREVENUES
401 Sales Revenue402 Other Operating RevenueEXPENSES
501 Cost of Goods Sold502 Salaries and Wages503 Rent Expense504 Utilities Expense505 Advertising Expense506 Depreciation Expense507 Other Operating Expenses7. Projected Financial Statements:
The projected financial statements for three years are prepared, including the Income Statement, Statement of Changes in Equity, Statement of Financial Position, and Statement of Cash Flows. The computational notes to the financial statements provide detailed explanations and calculations for each line item.
Please note that this is a simplified example, and in a real business scenario, more specific and detailed information would be included in the financial plan.
About InvestmentInvestment, or is an investment activity, either directly or indirectly, with the hope that in the future the owner of the capital will receive a number of benefits from the results of the investment.
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