In accordance with Hess's law, the total enthalpy of the reaction in question would be -200 kJ.
Hess's law (also known as Hess's law of constant heat summation) states that regardless of the multiple steps or stages of a reaction, the total enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of all stages. This means that if the reaction has two steps, their individual changes in enthalpy contribute to the total change in enthalpy for the sum reaction. In this case, one step is exothermic (-658 kJ), and the other is endothermic (458 kJ), but the overall reaction is still exothermic (-658 kJ + 458 kJ = -200 kJ) because the absolute value for enthalpy change in the first reaction is greater than the absolute value for enthalpy change in the second reaction.
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what is the definition of electron orbital?
The electron orbit, is the path of an electron around the nucleus of an atom.
Explanation:
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true or false: an object's color is dependent on the chemical composition of its matter, which determines the wavelegnth that is reflected
Answer:
true
Explanation:
The physical and chemical composition of matter determines which wavelength (or color) is reflected.
how does a forest fire model the energy flow of combustion?
Explanation:
Plenary lecture paper
Combustion dynamics of large-scale wildfires
Author links open overlay panelLiuNaianXieXiaodong
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.11.006
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Under a Creative Commons licenseOpen access
Abstract
A fact often overlooked is that large-scale wildfires, although occurring infrequently, are responsible for the overwhelming majority of fire-related suppression costs, economic losses, and natural resources damages. Fortunately, the increasingly severe problems of large-scale wildfires worldwide have been receiving ever-growing academic attention. The high-intensity burning behaviors in wildfires stem from the significant interaction of combustion with heat transfer and atmospheric flow under complicated fuel, meteorology, and topography conditions. Therefore, mitigating measures against large-scale wildfire disasters have grown into a challenging research focus for combustion scientists. Research over the past century has resulted in incrementally enhanced insights into the mechanisms of combustion dynamics underlying the various erratic behaviors in large-scale wildfires, with theories and models of fire accelerations developed and validated. These advances are expected to improve the efficacy of large-scale wildfire predictions significantly. Nevertheless, the physical interpretation of the acceleration of large-scale wildfires is far from adequate and complete. This paper intends not to make a comprehensive review of the entire wildfire research field, but to depict an overall pattern of the essential factors that lead an initial small-scale spreading flame to a large-scale wildfire beyond control. It is outlined that the complicated transformation of fuel preheating mechanisms determines the growth of surface fire spread, while varied large-size flame fronts and unique spread modes induced in specific fire environments play an essential role in fire spread acceleration. Additionally, multiple fires burning and merging often act as crucial steps for accelerating surface fire spread, generating large-size flames, and triggering unique spread modes. These major potential factors strike the energy balance of a low-intensity wildfire and push it to a high-intensity state. Several issues regarding intensely burning behaviors in large-scale wildfires are selected for in-depth discussions, for which an overview of the progress and challenges in research is presented. It is concluded that the fundamental exploration targeted at developing application tools capable of dealing with large-scale wildfires remains at its early stages. Opportunities for innovation are abundant, yet systematic and long-term research programs are required.
Which choice is an element?
O sodium chloride
O water
O oxygen
O air
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
The 1st 2 are compounds
The last one "air" can be used to say oxygen, however, "air" is not on the periodic table of elements.
Oxygen is on the periodic table of elements
an acid is a molecule/compound (i.e. hcl, ch3cooh), that when added to a solvent (water) will dissociate donating additional h (protons) to the resulting solution. therefore, an acid is a molecule that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution. the molecule is an acid, whereas the solution containing the acid is acidic. some acids are considered strong and some are considered weak. what is the difference between a strong and weak acid? for an acid to be strong, when it is mixed in water the majority of the molecules will dissociate (very little is left intact), therefore it adds a large number of h into the solution, creating a strong acidic solution (ph
Since it dissociates almost entirely, HCl is a powerful acid.
In contrary, a weak acid like acetic acid (CH3COOH) does not dissociate well in water because it retains a large number of bound-up H+ ions.
Acetic acid splits into CH3COO, and H+.
In conclusion, the amount of free H+ ions discharged into solution increases with acid strength. The pH value for that acid is inversely correlated with the amount of free H+.
Because they allow other molecules to bind to H+ ions in solution, acids are frequently referred to as H+ ion donors.
Any acid that is entirely ionized in an aqueous solution is considered to be strong. When present in water, hydrogen chloride (HCl) totally ionizes to produce hydrogen and chloride ions.
Weak acid is one that ionizes very little in an aqueous solution. A very well-liked weak acid that is present in vinegar is acetic acid.
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When the temperature of a gas decreases (at constant volume), what happens to the pressure in the container?
a: pressure stays the same.
b: pressure decreases.
c: pressure increases.
When the temperature of a gas decrease the pressure also decrease. That is option B.
What is temperature?Temperature is defined as the quantity that measures the degree of how hot or cold an object or medium is.
When the temperature of a medium increases there would be increase in the collision between the molecules that is found in the medium.
The increase in intermolecular collision leads to increase in pressure of the medium. Subsequently, when there is decrease in temperature, the pressure of the medium also falls.
Therefore, it can be said that the temperature of a gas decreases which causes the pressure to also decrease.
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draw the structural formula of 2-bromo-3,3,4,4- Tetra methyl hexane
Answer:
hope it helps!! ..............
What happens after molecules interact with each other
Answer:
I think "they are held together by chemical bonds"
Match the parts of the following chemical equation to the correct description.
CL2(g)+ALCl3(aq)-->__I2(aq)+___AlCl3(aq)
Column A. Column b
1.Cl2 + AlI3. a. Products
2.I2 + AlCl3. b. Shows which way the reaction progresses
3.(g) or (aq). c. Reactants
4.-->. d. State of Matter
PLEASE ANSWER QUICK
The parts of the chemical equation to the correct description are done below.
Column A Column B
1. Cl₂ + Ail₃ ----------- c. Reactants
2. I2 + AlCl3. ---------- a. Products
3. 3.(g) or (aq) --------- d. State of Matter
4. 4.--> -------------------- b. Shows which way the reaction progresses.
Chemical equations tell us the factors and/or compounds that can be reacting and the product(s) of the response. The coefficients on the materials in the response tell us the mole ratio or molecular ratio of the elements/compounds inside the reaction. A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical response in the form of symbols and chemical formulation.
Chemical equations are an efficient way to explain chemical reactions. This module explains the shorthand notation used to express how atoms are rearranged to make new compounds at some stage in a chemical reaction. It indicates how balanced chemical equations convey the proportions of each reactant and product concerned.
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just because you don't know your direction doesn't mean you don't know have one.
yes I agree thank you for sharing
which one of the following statements is true? the rate of a zero order reaction is independent of concentration. for the first-order reaction a→b, doubling the concentration of a will result in an increase of the half-life. the unit for the rate of a reaction depends on the order of the reaction. for the zero-order reaction a→b, a plot of 1/[a] vs. time will produce a straight line. the rate of a zero-order reaction decreases as the reaction proceeds.
This circumstance frequently arises when an enzyme or a solid surface is used to catalyze a process (heterogeneous catalysis).
What is zero order reactions?The unit for the rate of reaction depends on the odder of the reaction .for the zero order reaction a→b,a plot of 1/⊂a⊃vs.time will produce a straight line. the rate of a zero order reaction decreases as the reaction proceeds
Zero-order kinetics is always a byproduct of the circumstances surrounding the reaction.The term "pseudo-zero-order reaction" is frequently used to describe processes that exhibit zero-order kinetics.Clearly, the exhaustion of a reactant prevents a zero-order process from continuing.Just before this moment, the reaction will switch to a different rate law rather of decreasing to zero as seen in the upper left.Zero-order rates might result from two general circumstances:Only a small portion of the reactant molecules are capable of reacting, and this portion is continuously refilled from the larger pool.This circumstance frequently arises when an enzyme or a solid surface is used to catalyze a process (heterogeneous catalysis).
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1-Bromobutane reacts with water to form 1-butanol according to the following equation.
C4H9Br(aq) + 2 H2O(l) → C4H9OH(aq) + H3O+(aq) + Br−(aq)
The following is a proposed mechanism for the reaction.
C4H9Br(aq) → C4H9+(aq) + Br−(aq) slow
C4H9+(aq) + H2O(l) → C4H9OH2+(aq) fast
C4H9OH2+(aq) + H2O(l) → C4H9OH(aq) + H3O+(aq) fast
Determine the overall rate law for this proposed mechanism. (Rate expressions take the general form: rate = k . [A]a . [B]b.)
1-Bromobutane reacts with water to form 1-butanol according to the following equation overall rate law for this proposed mechanism is rate = k [C₄H₉Br]
The reaction intermediate in the chemical species that is formed in one elementary step and consumed in subsequent step and the slowest step in the reaction mechanism is rate determining step and the rate determining step limit the overall rate and therefore determines the rate law for the overall reaction
Here given reaction
C₄H₉Br(aq) + 2H₂O(l) → C₄H₉OH(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq)
And the following is a proposed mechanism for the reaction
C₄H₉Br(aq) → C₄H₉⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq) slow
C₄H₉⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) → C₄H₉OH₂⁺(aq) fast
C₄H₉OH₂⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) → C₄H₉OH(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) fast
So in that 1st step is the rate determining step means slow step
So rate expressions take the general form: rate = k . [A]a . [B]b
So given equation rate expressions is k [C₄H₉Br]
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A base has been added to water such that the concentration of hydroxide ions is 2.61 × 10–9 M. The solution has a temperature of 25°C (Kw = 1.0 × 10–14). What's the concentration of hydronium ions present in this solution?
Question 14 options:
3.83 × 10–6
1.79 × 10–8
2.57 × 10–6
4.42 × 10–7
The hydronium ion concentration, [H₃O⁺ ], of the solution is 3.83 * 10⁻⁶.
What is the hydronium ion concentration of a solution?The hydronium ion concentration of a solution is the concentration in mol/dm³ of the hydronium ions of a solution.
The hydronium ion is formed when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion as shown below:
H₂O + H⁺ ---> H₃O⁺
The hydronium ion concentration of a solution is also known as the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution or pH.
The product of the hydronium ion concentration of a solution and the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution gives the ion product of water.
[H₃O⁺ ] * [OH⁻] = Kw
where Kw = 1.0 * 10⁻¹⁴ M²
The hydronium ion concentration of the given solution can be calculated as follows:
[H₃O⁺ ] * [OH⁻] = Kw
[OH⁻] = 2.61 * 10⁻⁹ M
Kw = 1.0 * 10⁻¹⁴ M²
[H₃O⁺ ] = Kw / [OH⁻]
[H₃O⁺ ] = 1.0 * 10⁻¹⁴ M² / 2.61 * 10⁻⁹ M
[H₃O⁺ ] = 3.83 * 10⁻⁶
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Where are chromatids found in a cell?
Answer:
During metaphase, the cell's chromosomes align themselves in the middle of the cell through a type of cellular "tug of war." The chromosomes, which have been replicated and remain joined at a central point called the centromere, are called sister chromatids.
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two isotopes of gallium are naturally occurring, with 6931ga at 60.11 % (68.93 amu ) and 7131ga at 39.89 % (70.92 amu ). what is the atomic mass of gallium?
Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes: 69ga with a mass of 68.9256 amu and a natural abundance of 60.11% and 71ga. Using the mass of gallium from the periodic table, the mass of Ga-71 isotope is 70.9246 amu.
There are two naturally occurring isotopes of gallium: Ga-69 isotope having mass 68.9256 and percentage abundance is 60.11%, let say 'X' be the mass of isotope - Ga-71.
Its percentage abundance can be calculated as:
%Ga-71=100-60.11=39.89%
The atomic mass of an element can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of its isotopes multiplied by their percentage abundance.
In this case we have
Atomic mass = m(Ga-69)×%(Ga-69) + X ×%(Ga-71)
The atomic mass of Ga is 69.723 amu.
Now putting the values, we will get
69.723 amu = (68.9256amu)(60.11/100) + X (39.89/100)
Hence,
69.723 amu = 41.431amu + + X (39.89/100)
Now rearranging the above equation we get,
X = 69.723 amu - 41.431amu/0.3989 = 70.9246amu
Thus, the mass of Ga-71 isotope is 70.9246 amu.
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The complete question is:
Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes: 69ga with a mass of 68.9256 amu and a natural abundance of 60.11% and 71ga. use the atomic mass of gallium from the periodic table to find the mass of gallium-71. express the mass in atomic mass units to two decimal.
Which property could be used to separate a mixture of salt and sand? Responses solubility in water solubility in water mass mass electrical conductivity electrical conductivity magnetism
Property could be used to separate a mixture of salt and sand is solubility in water
Salt and sand mixture can be separated by filtration followed by an evaporation process
To separate the salt and sugar based on the solubility and the substances is soluble that means it dissolved in solvent and salt is ionic compound that means soluble in water
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In an experiment, a solution required 30. 05 g of nacl, 50. 0 g of , and 0. 4006 g of mgso4. Using the correct number of significant figures, what is the resulting mass?.
The total mass of the mixture is 80.5 g. The analysis of the calculation shows that there should be three significant figures in the end result.
This is an addition operation, and when dealing with addition and subtraction operations it is necessary to consider the last significant figure for each of the numbers. The result of the addition/subtraction should have the same last significant figure as the number with the leftmost (or highest) last significant figure. When applied to this calculation, the principle looks like this:
30.05 - the last significant figure is 5, and it is in the hundredths
50.0 - the last significant figure is 0, in the tenths
0.4006 - the last significant figure is 6, in the ten thousandths.
Of the three, the leftmost/highest significant figure is 0 in the tenths, so the end result should also have its last significant figure in the tenths.
30.05 g + 50.0 g + 0.4006 g = 80.4506 g, but we round up to the tenths, and because the numbers after 5 are greater than 0, we have to round up to reach the end result of 80.5 g
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What is the product of electrolysing potassium iodine solution
Answer:
The product is hydrogen.
Explanation:
Two different samples of matter are measured in each of these glass containers. Both of the containers show the same measure for both samples of matter. The samples most likely have which of these in common?.
Two different samples of matter are measured in each of these glass containers. Both of the containers show the same measure for both samples of matter. These samples have volume in common.
In chemistry, volume is defined as the three-dimensional space taken up by matter. Volume is measured in cubic meters.
If you were to put two different samples in a graduated glass container and both of them have the particular digit that shows their volume then it means their volume is the same and they take up the same amount of space irrespective of their chemical composition.
For example, if you pour the sample into a glass container and the number you get is 250 m³.
Then this 250 m³ refers to the volume of the sample.
In general, volume is measured as volume = mass/density and its SI unit is m³.
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write a balanced chemical equation based on the following description: the reaction of aluminum metal with aqueous sulfuric acid to form aqueous aluminum sulfate and hydrogen gas.
The balanced chemical equation of the reaction between aluminum metal with aqueous sulfuric acid to form aqueous aluminum sulfate and hydrogen gas is 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂.
What is a balanced chemical equation?A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction where reactants are represented on the left, and products on the right.
According to this question, aluminum metal reacts with aqueous sulfuric acid to form aqueous aluminum sulfate and hydrogen gas.
This reaction will be balanced only if the atoms of each element on both sides of the equation are the same. The chemical reaction is as follows:
2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂.
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HELP!! WILL GIVE 100 points.
Which term describes this molecular shape?
A. Tetrahedral
B. Linear
C. Trigonal Planar
D. Bent
Answer:
Explanation:
A
If a 5-kg bowling ball is projected upward with a velocity of 2.0m/s. What is the momentum?
What amount of force will that bowling ball have as it falls back to Earth?
The momentum of the bowling ball is projected upward with a velocity of 2.0 m/s is 10 kg m/s.
The amount of force will that bowling ball have as it falls back to earth is 10 N.
We know that,
The mass of the ball is 5 kgVelocity of the ball is 2.0 m/sMomentum is the product of speed of an object and its mass. This means that an object at rest has zero momentum since the velocity is also zero.
It is given as -
Momentum = Mass of an object x speed/ velocity
Momentum = 5 kg x 2.0 m/s
= 10 kg m/s
To calculate amount of force bowling ball have when it falls back to Earth is -
Force exerted by an object is equal to product of its mass and velocity.
The second law of motion states that change in momentum of the object is given by mass multiplied by the velocity, which is equal to force.
F = mv
where,
F = force
m = mass
v = velocity
and,
p = mv
where,
p = momentum
m = mass
v = velocity
Hence, the amount of force that bowling ball have as it falls back to Earth is 10 N.
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Which element is most likely to experience an increase in radius?
A. Ca changing to Ca2+
B. Fe changing to Fe3+
C. Cl changing to Cl-
D. Li changing to Li+
Answer:
C. Cl changing to Cl-
Explanation:
Cl gains 1 electron, resulting in an increase in radius.
The other 3 give up electrons.
27. What pattern in the behavior of gases is shown from Step I through Step 3 of the figure?
Answer:
Boyle's law
Explanation:
a student proposes the following lewis structure for the azide ion. assign a formal charge to each atom in the student's lewis structure. atom formal charge
Lewis structures are diagrams that illustrate the bonding between atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are also known as Lewis dot formulae, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDs). Lewis structures are diagrams that illustrate the bonding between atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are also known as Lewis dot formulae, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDs). A Lewis structure can represent any covalently attached molecule as well as coordination compounds. who proposed it in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule.
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What temperature is needed for 5 moles of helium at a pressure of 760 torr and volume of 650 mL
The temperature of 1.585 K is required for 5 moles of Helium at a pressure of 760 torrs and volume of 650 mL.
What is an ideal gas equation?The Ideal Gas Equation is the equation for hypothetical gases expressed mathematically by combining empirical and physical constants and is also known as the general gas equation.
The ideal gas equation can be represented for gas as:
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the amount of ideal gas (in moles), R is the gas constant and T is the temperature (in Kelvin) of the ideal gas.
Given, the pressure of helium gas, P = 760 torr = 1 atm
The volume of helium gas = 650 ml = 0.65 L
The number of moles of helium gas, n = 5
The value of the gas constant, R = 0.082 L atm /K mol
Substitute the values in the ideal gas equation:
(1atm) × (0.65 L) = (5 mol) ×(0.0832 L atm /K mol) × T
T = 1.585 K
Therefore, the temperature of the helium gas at a given presurre and volume is equal to 1.585 K.
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You need to use your separatory funnel for an extraction, but you notice that there is some residual water in it from when it was washed during the previous lab period. What should you do?.
In this situation, wash the separating funnel with soap and water once more before using it for the subsequent experiment and rinse the funnel with acetone into a waste container.
Separating funnels are employed in the extraction process and must be free of contaminants that could reduce the yield of the extraction. The funnel could be placed in a desiccation after being cleaned and rinsed to allow the water on the body to dry before being used for the following extraction procedure. Washing laboratory equipment before use irrespective of its state (whether it is clean or not) contributes to standard laboratory practices.
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a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen gases at a total pressure of 753 mm hg contains nitrogen at a partial pressure of 219 mm hg. if the gas mixture contains 1.60 grams of nitrogen, how many grams of oxygen are present? mass
If the gases are ideal and the end pressure is the same as the initial pressure, the partial pressures are PA=nART/(VA+VB) and PB=nBRT/(VA+VB), respectively.
How is pressure determined when two gases are combined?If the gases are ideal and the end pressure is the same as the initial pressure, the partial pressures are PA=nART/(VA+VB) and PB=nBRT/(VA+VB), respectively.
How is a gas's partial pressure in a mixture determined?There are two ways to calculate partial pressures: 1) To determine the individual pressure of each gas in a mixture, use PV = nRT. 2) Determine the proportion of the total pressure that may be assigned to each individual gas using the mole fraction of each gas.
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could you give me 5 chemistry equations and an explanation of them solved chemistry equations please
go to Chemical Reactions (6 of 11) Quick Review 5 Types of Chemical Reactions by "step by step science" to get info
what is cells ( life system )
The stages of a cell's lifecycle are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
The cell cycle is a sequence of events that arise in a cell as it develops and splits. Cells expend most of their period in the interphase, where they expand, replicate chromosomes, and prepare for cell division.
The cell then exits the interphase and experiences mitosis to conclude division. The consequential cells, known as daughter cells, enter the interphase and initiate a new cell cycle.
The cell cycle is the name a cell gives to the procedure by which it replicates and produces two new cells.
There are various phases in the cell process called G1, S, G2, and M. G1 is the staging in which the cell schedules to divide. To do this, the cell enters the S phase, where it copies all its DNA. So S stands for DNA synthesis. Once the DNA has been duplicated and a complete complementary set of all genetic material is general, the cell either enters the G2 phase of organizing and consolidating the genetic material or commences to condense the genetic material, preparing it for separation. The next step is M. M stands for mitosis. This is where the cell splits two duplicates of the genetic material into double daughter cells. At the end of the M phase, cell separation occurs, leaving two cells back and the cell cycle can form again.Learn more about the cell life system at
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