The Calvin cycle is a series of chemmical reactions that are part of the dark reactions of a photosynthesis, turning carbon dioxide into sugar. It is composed of three main phases:
1 - Carbon fixation, in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is turned from the inorganic molecule that it is to an organic molecule.
2 - Reduction, in which energy from ATP and from NADPH is used to convert the organic carbon molecules into a simple sugar
3 - Regeneration, in which glucose is produced and the molecule that started the cycle is regenerated so the cycle can continue, as the cycle must be completed a three times until it has produced the product molecules (six G3P's - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate).
All organism are made of carbon.
True or false
Answer:
Carbon atoms form the building blocks of living organisms. All living organisms are made of carbon atoms. This means that, carbon atoms form the building blocks of living organisms.
Answer:
Yes Its True
Explanation
carbon IS found in all organic matter, but NOT in inorganic matter. ... In a more general sense, organic refers to living things. And this is connected to the idea of organic chemistry being based on carbon compounds. Organic (carbon-based) compounds are found in all living things.
True or False? It is unsafe to look at a solar eclipse without special sunglasses. It is safe to look at a lunar eclipse without special sunglasses.
It is unsafe to look at a solar eclipse without special sunglasses. True
It is safe to look at a lunar eclipse without special sunglasses. False
the half life of plutonium-239 is 24,300 years. If a nuclear bomb released 8 kg of this isotope, how many years would pass before the amount is reduced to 1 kg?
The number of years passes before the amount of 8 kg of plutonium-239 will reduce to 1 kg is equal to 72900 years.
What is the half-life of a radioactive element?The half-life period of the radioactive element can be described as the time required to reduce its original amount to half after disintegration.
Given, the original amount of plutonium-239 (N₀) = 8 kg
The amount remaining after disintegration (N) = 1 kg
Consider that 'n' is the number of half-lives.
N ×2ⁿ = N₀
1 ×2ⁿ = 8
2ⁿ =8
2ⁿ = 2³
n = 3
Now, the number of half-lives (n) of plutonium-239 = 3
Half-life of plutonium-239 (t½) = 24300 years
t = n ×t½
t = 3 ×24300
t = 72900 years
Therefore, 8Kg of plutonium-239 will take 72900 years to reduce to 1 kg.
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Refer to the cladogram shown above. The numbers 1 through 5 represent species that exist today. What's the most recent common ancestor of species 1 and 4?A) DB) BC) AD) C
The answer is the letter D. C - is the most recent common ancestor of species 1-4.
*As we can see in the cladogram, species C gives rise directly to species 4 and the other ancestors of species 1, 2, and 3 namely A and B.
As more new ways of identifying and characterizing pathogenic bacteria emerge, the number of
distinguishable microbial strains also seem to increase. Describe why you think this is the case. (15)
As more new ways of identifying and characterizing pathogenic bacteria emerge, the number of distinguishable microbial strains also seem to increase as because more strain of bacteria are coming in the world due to mutation or resistance towards the antibiotics.
Bacteria- Small, single-celled organisms called bacteria exist. Nearly all areas of the world are home to bacteria, which are essential to its ecosystems. Some species can survive in environments with high pressure and temperatures. In fact, it's thought that there are more bacterial cells in the human body than there are human cells.
Mutation- While the majority of mutations are advantageous, some can be harmful. A risky mutation could result in a genetic disorder or a malignant condition. Another sort of mutation is a chromosomal one. Chromosomes, which are minuscule, threadlike structures located in the cell nucleus, carry genes..
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The Yellowstone National Park food web is shown below.SecondaryMZRconsumersRaven (detritivore)Gray wollRed foxPrimaryMconsumersSnowshoehareMooseBeaverPrimaryproducersMaple Balsam Fir Cottonwood Aquatic plantsWhat would be the most likely effect of adding wolves to the park?A. Increased snowshoe hare populationB. Increased beaver populationC. Increased maple populationD. Decreased balsam fir population
Based on the food web provided, maple is the primary producer that act as the food source of the primary consumer which is the snowshoe hare. The snowshoe hare is the food source of wolves which is the secondary consumers. If the consumer of maple will be consumed by the wolves, the population of maple will increase. The snowshoe population will decrease since it will be consumed by wolves. This illustrates a network of food chains in of the different organisms present in the food web.
Answer - C. Increased maple population
Compare and contrast the characteristics of the ideal tissue forming the outer surface of the body with that forming the lining of the small intestine.
The tissue that forms the outer surface of the body is a stratified squamous epithelial cells whereas the lining of internal organs is made up of columnar epithelial cells.
What are tissues?Tissue is a group of cells which are similar in structure and function. The tissues which forms the outer surface of body are stratified squamous epithelium tissues, these cells have very flat surface. The surface layer of dead cells in the outside is vital for the protection of the body.
The tissue which lines up the digestive tract, the intestine is made up of a layer of columnar cells which are important for the facilitation of the absorption of nutrients in the body.
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PEASE HELP PLEASE!? List and describe the substrates and products of TCA cycle
Answer:
HOPE THIS HELPS
Explanation:
1. The TCA cycle begins with an enzymatic aldol addition reaction of acetyl CoA to oxaloacetate, forming citrate.
2. The citrate is isomerized by a dehydration-hydration sequence to yield (2R,3S)- isocitrate.
3.Further enzymatic oxidation and decarboxylation gives 2-ketoglutarate.
4. After another enzymatic decarboxylation and oxidation, 2-ketoglutarate is transformed into succinyl - CoA.
5. The hydrolysis of this metabolite to succinate is coupled to the phosphorylation of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
6.Enzymatic desaturation by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent succinate dehydrogenase yields fumarate.
7.After stereospecific hydration, fumarate catalyzed by fumarase is converted to L-malate.
8.And the final step of the TCA cycle of NAD- coupled oxidation of L-malate to oxaloacetate is catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase and closes the cycle.
Water is one of the most powerful forces on Earth. How oes the example shown here illustrate the theory of Eniformitarianism ? Type your answer here .
Answer:
The principle of uniformitarianism states about the modification in the planet surface over time through a constant and continuous process. It suggests that the change is the same in the present and past development.
The theory of uniformitarianism can be explained as:
The theory or the principle was given by the Scottish Geologist Hutton. It is a complete contrast to the theory of catastrophism.
According to the principles of this theory, the present is the mirror to the history and the geological evolutions of the past eras.
The principle states that the geological process is continuous and constant rather than being broken or discontinuous.
The image depicts the soil erosion process of the land and shows that the erosion even happened in earlier times at that land and still in the present time the process is continuously going on.
Therefore, the image shows the erosion activity of land in past and present scenarios.
Explanation:
From the perspective of a single chromosome, tell a story (first person, use about how you change throughout the process of meiosis. Be sure to include when you replicate and what results from your change: 4-6 sentences
Meiosis is a cell division process that produces four haploid cells (gametes) form one diploid cell (sex cells). It is divided into two stages (meiosis 1 and 2) with four phases each. Story in the explanation.
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is the cell division process through which a diploid cell (2n) produces four haploid daughter cells (n).
After DNA replication there are two meiotic phases.
The first one is a reductive phase, in which homologous chromosomes separate. In the second phase, the cell suffers a new, not reductive division.Story
I am a chromosome from a sex cell. I suffer a few modifications when the cell enters the cell division process.
There is a reductive first stage called meiosis I. During this phase, I go through 4 steps,
In the prophase, I condensate and become visible. My homologous chromosome gets near me, and we interchange fragments of our bodies. This event is the crossing-over.
During the metaphase, my homologous and I align in the equatorial plane, where all chromosomes arrange before being separated.
Once the anaphase begins, my homologous and I separate. Each of us migrates to opposite poles.
When I reach my pole, I get together with other chromosomes, and a nuclear membrane surrounds us. This phase is the telophase.
The cell suffers cytokinesis, and two haploid cells are formed. I am in one of them.
The second phase is called Meiosis II. Before this phase, we duplicate.
In the prophase, my duplicated chromosome and I stick together. Now I am a chromatid, and my duplicated form is my sister chromatid. We are visible, and we are together.
In the metaphase, my sister and I migrate to the equatorial plane of this new haploid cell.
In the anaphase, some enzymes break the bonds that keep my sister and me together, and we migrate to different poles again.
In the telophase, I reach a new pole where I join other chromosomes. And again, a new nuclear membrane surrounds us.
Cytokinesis occurs again. I am now part of one of the four haploid cells (gametes).
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Four students measure the length of a block of wood. The block has a length of 4.0 cm. The measurements taken by the students are given below. Student A: 3.9 cm Student B: 4.0 cm Student C: 4.1 cm Student D: 3.9 cm The student's measurements show _____. a high degree of precision a high degree of accuracy both a high degree of precision and a high degree of accuracy neither accuracy nor precision
Since they are not all exactly the same number, even though they are near, I would suggest high precision rather than accuracy. Despite being near to one another, they lack precision since no two numbers are exactly the same.
There are two ways to assess observational error: accuracy and precision. Precision measures how closely two measurements are to one another, whereas accuracy measures how close a group of measurements is to its actual value. In other words, precision is a measure of statistical variability and a description of random mistakes. How accurately a measurement reflects how near it is to the actual or acceptable value. Precision is the degree to which measurements of the same thing agree with one another. Accuracy is not necessary for precision. Precision measures the reproducibility of measurements, even when they are far from the acceptable value, whereas accuracy measures how near a measurement is to a known or accepted value. Measurements that are both precise and accurate are repeatable and extremely near to true
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Which cell type would contain the code genes for the most proteins for any given organism
18. Which of the following best explains how resistance to a disease could spread throughout a population?Organisms that are disease resistant are most likely to survive and reproduce.Organisms which are disease resistant would cause extinction of the disease causing agent.A mutation for resistance to disease would most likely be a dominant trait.A mutation for resistance to disease has a high probability of occurring.
Between the following options the one that best explains how resistance to a disease could spread in a population is by organisms that are disease resistant are most likely to survive and reproduce in the population, that way the resistance trait will stay in the population.
What is the relationship between bond type and electrical conductivity? How can you use this relationship to predict the bond type in a substance based on electrical conductivity?
Answer:
If a compound is conductive when dissolved in water, it is ionic. If a compound is not conductive when dissolved in water, it is covalent. If a compound is conductive in its pure state, it is metallic.
Explanation:
What is not considered unsolicited contact with medicate eligible consumers according to cms regulations
Mailing a marketing brochure to the consumer via postal mail or Not emailing a patron off a bought list is not considered unsolicited contact with medicate eligible consumers according to CMS regulations.
What are CMS regulations?CMS regulations set forth or alter the manner in which CMS manages its programs. CMS regulations may have an influence on service providers, service suppliers, and those who are enrolled in or entitled to benefits under CMS programs.
The Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Medicare, Medicaid, and the state and federal health insurance markets are all under the CMS's supervision. CMS seeks to eradicate instances of fraud and abuse in the healthcare system by gathering and analyzing data, producing research reports, and conducting research.
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Are bacteria easier to observe on a plate or in a broth? How do the bacteria look in the plate compared to the broth?
Bacteria are easier to observe on a plate. The bacteria look in the plate compared to the broth as with very clear morphological structures including margin and elevation point.
On a plate as opposed to in a broth, bacteria are easier to see. While it is simpler to observe bacteria in a clear container and we are able to see their morphology (size, shape, elevation, and margin), when looking at bacteria in broth, we can only tell if the bacteria is turbid or if there is flocculent microbial growth at the bottom of the nutrient broth tube.
A unique bacterial cell or group that has repeatedly split is represented by each separate colony. Because they were kept together, the resultant cells have amassed to create a noticeable area. Most bacterial colonies are often round in form and appear white or creamy yellow in color.
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Definition: This is an organism's response to a stimulus developed without being taught or watching another organism.Example: dropping a hot potato
Innate reflex are responses that are performed in automatic towards certain kind of stimulus. A good example is the one you provide, whenever you touch a hot potato you will drop it immediately.
4. How does increasing the amount of batteries in a circuit affect the power output?
IV-
DV-
Constants-
While wiring in parallel increases battery capacity, wiring in series boosts voltage.The overall voltage remains constant.This indicates that connecting two 12V 30Ah batteries in parallel would result in a 60 amp-hour battery.
What happens if more batteries are added to a circuit?
A second battery is added to the circuit, which results in a stronger push produced by the two batteries working together to move the charged particles through the circuit more quickly.This increases the amount of charged particles passing through each point in the circuit each second, increasing the current's magnitude. More power components can be added to the circuit to raise the output voltage, which will result in higher voltage output.Because the current must pass through each component in the circuit, the current remains constant and at the same level throughout the entire circuit. All components carry the same amount of current.But when batteries are added in parallel, there is a significant degree of repulsion felt by both batteries at the positive terminals, which lowers the amount of charge on each terminal and lowers the voltage of each battery.Both positive terminals have received the same overall charge as when utilizing a battery. parallel wiring batteries with various voltagesBecause primary (disposable) batteries are not made to hold a charge, they are more prone to overheat, leak, or bulge. In extreme cases where the voltages are drastically different, they may even explode. Higher voltages or current can be supplied by connecting two or more power supplies.Connecting the power supplies in series, setting each one to output the same voltage, and matching each supply's current limit is the simplest way to generate higher voltage. You can enhance the voltage or amp-hour capacity, or perhaps both, by connecting two or more batteries in series, series-parallel, or parallel. This enables higher voltage applications or power-hungry applications. Since the same charge is passed through the same voltage (potential) twice, adding two batteries in series results in an increase in potentials (voltage), but the current flow does not change.For starters, it's crucial to examine the essential adjustments that should be made when charging your battery when discussing batteries that are connected in either series or parallel.In order to power machinery that needs higher voltage levels, batteries connected in series stack their voltages. Using jumper wires, you can join two batteries together in parallel by connecting their negative terminals to one another and their positive terminals to the other.Positive to positive and negative to negative You CAN attach your load to ONE of the batteries, and both will be equally discharged.To learn more about circuit refer
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A mechanic uses a hydraulic car jack to lift the front end of a car to change the oil. The jack used exerts 8000 N of force from the larger piston. To pump the jack, 4000 N of force is exerted on the small piston, which has an area of 2 m2 . What is the area of the large piston?
The area of the large piston of the hydraulic car jack is 4 meter².
Hydraulic machines use liquid fluid power to carry out paintings. Heavy production cars are a common instance. in this form of device, hydraulic fluid is pumped to numerous hydraulic cars and hydraulic cylinders throughout the machine and will become pressurized in step with the resistance gift.
Hydraulics is a mechanical function that operates through the force of liquid pressure. In hydraulics-based structures, mechanical movement is produced by way of contained, pumped liquid, typically via hydraulic cylinders shifting pistons.
Hydraulic fluid creates fluid strength by pumping the fluid via the hydraulic machine. The fluid flows to the cylinder thru the valve, and the hydraulic electricity converts it lower back to mechanical strength. The valves are useful resources to direct the flow of the fluid and the pressure may be relieved if wanted.
calculation:-
F₁/small area₁ = F₁/large area
4000 N / 2 = 8000 N / large area
Large area = 8000 / 2000 m²
large area = 4 meter²
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True or False: Plants cell divide through cleavage during Cytokinesis phase of Cell cycle.
O True
O False
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
Have good day
humans use horses to do work. They also care for these horses and feed them. What type of relationship does this describe?
A. predator-prey
B. cooperative
C. parasitism
D. mutualism
9. What is the pH of a neu-
tral substance?
Answer:
7
the pH of all neutral substances is 7
5. (2) If the body is 17% protein, 2% carbohydrates and 1% nucleic acids, and 17% fat, what percent
water are they?
The water is 60 % in the human body when 17% is protein, 2% carbs , and 1% nucleic acids.
What is carbohydrates, nucleic acid and how come the water be 60%?Carbohydrate , is a significant human diet need which we get from rice, potato and lot of other food products.Nucleic acid as we have studied holds a role in human genetic evolution.Nucleic acid was discovered Friedrich Meisher who also discovered Nuclein.Our body is composed of lot more percentage of water than protein , carbs and other important biomolecules.About 60% of the human body is composed of water is a fact putting aside all the factors like protein, carbs etc.To know more about Carbohydrate visit:
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BPA is a chemical compound that was used in the manufacturing of plastic. When it comes into contact with cells, the cells mistake it for hormones that stimulate cell division. BPA is considered to increase the risk of certain cancers. Using knowledge of the cell cycle explain why and how this compound increases the risk of cancer?
Research has shown that exposure to BPA can disrupt the functioning of the endocrine system. However, the levels of exposure in most people's daily lives are unlikely to result in serious harm. BPA has destructive effects on DNA and chromosomes in normal body cells via estrogen receptors (ER). Therefore, BPA could be considered as an important mediator in many diseases such as cancer. he toxic chemical has been linked to causing reproductive, immunity, and neurological problems, as well as an increased likelihood of Alzheimer's, childhood asthma, metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
BPA can mimic estrogen to interact with estrogen receptors α and β, leading to changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, or migration and thereby, contributing to cancer development and progression.
(Biology)(100 Points) How are models used?
Why do scientists and engineers use models?
What is the difference between an open and closed system?
What are some types of models?
Why might a model change over time?
(please explanation if possible)
Answer:
Models are used to represent aspects of the natural world that are too small, large, complex, or difficult to observe or explain directly.
Scientists use models in order to assist in the visualization of current knowledge of a system in the state that it is in at the present time.
Visual models, mathematical models, and computer models.
Models change over time as technology and equipment improve and ideas become modified.
Remember to revise these in your own words.
Answer
Explanation:
Scientists and engineers use models to test theories and/or use as examples
I don't know the second one
A model might change due to new information
Also yea college language am I not allowed to joke on an answer?!?
What are some organisms and what is their common names and binomial names
Answer:
Some organisms are
•Producers
•Consumers
•Herbivores
•Carnivores
•Omnivores
•Scavengers
•Parasites
•Predators
•Decomposers
Some common binomial names are
•Species
(Homo Sapiens)
•Genius
(Homo)
•Family
(Hominids)
•Order
(Primates)
•Class
(Mammals)
•Phylum
(Chordates)
•Kingdom
(Animals)
The examples of these are listed below in parentheses.
Imagine you are interacting with an individual that does not think vaccines are effective. Using your knowledge of immunology, epidemiology, and microbes in general, describe how you might converse with this individual to educate them on vaccines.
I will convince the individual that the vaccine works by helping the body recognize and fight infections.
What are vaccines?Vaccines are substances that are of a biological nature, prepared to use to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against a particular disease-causing organism.
Vaccines are usually prepared from parts or whole disease-causing microorganisms that have been weakened such that they are unable to cause diseases but are still able to evoke an immune response when they are injected into the body.
Because the body's immune system has memory cells that are able to recognize a previous organism that has been in the body when vaccines are taken, the body's immune system produces antibodies and cells that destroy the real invading microorganism.
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The____ uses the energy of_____ and____ to build carbohydrate molecules. 237
Through photosynthesis, certain organisms convert solar energy (sunlight) into chemical energy, which is then used to build carbohydrate molecules.
Carbohydrate Molecules?Having the standard chemical formula Cx(H2O)y, a carbohydrate is a naturally occurring substance or a derivative of one, made composed of molecules of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) (O). The most prevalent organic compounds are carbohydrates, which are essential to all living. Typical CarbohydratesGlucose.Galactose.Maltose.Fructose.Sucrose.Lactose.Starch.
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Help please thank you!!
Explanation:
maybe there are only 2 metalloids
Boron
Silicon
what are examples of lipids
Examples of lipids that make up the majority of the cell membrane that isn't protein include fats, oils, waxes, some vitamins (including A, D, E, and K), hormones, and certain vitamins.
Because they are non-polar, lipids are not soluble in water but are soluble in non-polar solvents like chloroform. Organic materials are lipids. They dissolve effortlessly in nonpolar solvents (such as ether) but not in polar ones (e.g. water). With or without other kinds of biomolecules, it often consists of glycerol or fatty acid units. Many lipids are amphiphilic or amphipathic as a result of having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components.
Lipids come in a wide range of varieties. Common lipids include things like butter, vegetable oil, cholesterol, other steroid hormones, waxes, phospholipids, and fat-soluble vitamins. These compounds all have the trait of being basically water-insoluble yet soluble in one or more organic solvents.
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