Answer:
SOX requires the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) to certify the accuracy of the financial statements.
Explanation:
This requirement ensures the public accountability of the top chief executive officers of publicly-traded companies. The CEO is at the helm of affairs of the company, while the CFO has responsibility for the financial records, which produced the financial statements. This is the reason that the two top managers are required to sign off the financial statements, thus, vouching their accuracy.
Discuss how key practices in the partnering approach to managing contracted relationships vary from those in the traditional approach regarding risk, length of commitment, and structure of project teams.
Answer:
Approaches to risk, structure and length of commitment has been changed in a positive way.
Explanation:
Approaches to risk, structure and length of commitment has been changed in a positive way. Risk is greatly changed by introducing the following strategy:
Transfer, Avoid, Reduce and Accept.
The risk is analyzed first to identify the nature whether it can be transferred or not if yes it is transferred, if not then risk is again analyzed if this can be avoided, if not then risk is again analyzed if the chances of risk occurring can be reduced, if not then the risk is accepted.
Length of commitment is changed to easy terms, the length of commitment in the past was of a longer duration [more than a year], unlike now which is a choice, length of commitment can be less than a year or maybe more than a year.
Suppose a project financed via an issue of debt requires six annual interest payments of $20 million each year. If the tax rate is 21% and the cost of debt is 6%, what is the value of the interest rate tax shield
Answer:
$4,200,000
Explanation:
Given :
Annual interest payment = $20 million
Tax rate = 21%
Cost of debt = 6%
The value of the interest rate tax shield is given by :
The tax rate * annual interest payment
Tax rate = 21% = 21/100 = 0.21
Annual interest payment = $20,000,000
The value of interest rate tax shield = (0.21 * $20,000,000) = $4,200,000
The most recent financial statements for Alexander Co. are shown here: Income Statement Balance Sheet Sales $ 45,650 Current assets $ 19,020 Long-term debt $ 37,970 Costs 36,450 Fixed assets 69,250 Equity 50,300 Taxable income $ 9,200 Total $ 88,270 Total $ 88,270 Taxes (24%) 2,208 Net income $ 6,992 Assets and costs are proportional to sales. The company maintains a constant 35 percent dividend payout ratio and a constant debt-equity ratio. What is the maximum dollar increase in sales that can be sustained assuming no new equity is issued
Answer:
$4,533.05
Explanation:
Return on equity (ROE) = Net income / Equity
Return on equity (ROE) = $6,992 / $50,300
Return on equity (ROE) = 13.9%
Retention ratio = 1 - Dividend payout ratio
Retention ratio = 1 - 35%
Retention ratio = 65%
Sustainable growth rate = [13.9%*65%] / [1 - 13.9%*65%]
Sustainable growth rate = 0.09035 / 0.90965
Sustainable growth rate =0.09932392
Sustainable growth rate = 9.93%
Maximum dollar increase = Sales * Sustainable growth rate
Maximum dollar increase = $45,650 * 9.93%
Maximum dollar increase = $4,533.05
The price of soybean futures has increased over the last three months. As a soybean equipment supplier, how should you respond?
Answer:
Ask for a raise
Explanation:
bring in more soybeans
assume that in the short run a firm is producing 800 units of output, has average total costs of $150, and has cost of $100. the firm's total variable costs are?
Answer:
$80,000
Explanation:
Missing word "and has average variable costs of $100"
Note: AVC = Average variable cost, TVC = total variable cost
AVC = TVC / Output
$100 = TVC/800 units
TVC = $100*800 units
TVC = $80,000
So, the firm's total variable costs are $80,000.
When a parent owns less than 100% of a subsidiary, the noncontrolling interest shareholders are allocated their ownership percentage of income or net assets in all of the following consolidating entries except for: Group of answer choices The basic investment account consolidation entry The excess value (differential) reclassification entry The accumulated depreciation consolidation entry The amortized excess value reclassification entry
Answer:
The accumulated depreciation consolidation entry
Explanation:
In the case when the parent company owns less than 100% of the subsidiary company so the non-controlled interest should be allocated in all the consolidation entries but for the accumulate depreciation it cant be allocated as it does not have any effect on the net income due to which there is no need to distribute the share to the non-controlling interest shareholders
Division of labor and specialization
Answer:
B-Enables workers to learn a variety of skolls
Explanation:
A stock has an average expected return of 10.1 percent for the next year. The beta of the stock is 1.45. The T-Bill rate is 5.5% and the T-Bond rate is 3.5 %. What is the market risk premium?
a. 3.17%.
b. 4.60%.
c. 14.60%.
d. 2.48%.
e. 4.93%.
Answer:
The right solution is "4.55%".
Explanation:
Given that,
Expected return,
= 10.1%
Risk-free rate,
= 3.5%
Beta,
= 1.45
Now,
The market risk premium will be:
⇒ [tex]Expected \ return=Risk-free \ rate+Beta\times (Market \ risk \ premium)[/tex]
⇒ [tex]Market \ risk \ premium=\frac{Expected \ return-Risk -free \ rate}{Beta}[/tex]
By putting the values, we get
⇒ [tex]=\frac{10.1-3.5}{1.45}[/tex]
⇒ [tex]=\frac{6.6}{1.45}[/tex]
⇒ [tex]=4.55[/tex] (%)
Given the following information for Sookie’s Cookies Co., calculate the depreciation expense: sales = $87,143; costs = $62,695; addition to retained earnings = $1,398; dividends paid = $211; interest expense = $975; tax rate = 27 percent. (Hint: Build the Income Statement and fill in the missing pieces until you get to the depreciation expense. You may have to work from bottom up.)
Answer:
Net earnings = Dividends Paid + Retained earnings
Net earnings = $211 + $1,398
Net earnings = $1,609
Earnings before tax (EBT) = Net earnings / (1-t)
Earnings before tax (EBT) = $1,609 / (1 - 27%)
Earnings before tax (EBT) = $2,204.11
Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) = EBT + Interest paid
Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) = $2,204.11 + $975
Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) = $3,179.11
Gross Profit / EBITDA = Sales - Costs
Gross Profit / EBITDA = $87,143 - $62,695
Gross Profit / EBITDA = $24,448
Depreciation = EBITDA - EBIT
Depreciation = $24,448 - $3,179.11
Depreciation = $21,268.89
How to wear black formal shoes?
Answer:
Go in for a traditional shirt-jeans outfit and pair it with black formal shoes. A plaid shirt, pair of blue jeans and black dress shoes is how you'll want to rock it! Get that macho look right by wearing a leather jacket over a formal shirt and jeans. Your shoes will complement the jacket perfectly.
Explanation:
According to the CAPM, what is the market risk premium given an expected return on a security of 18.7%, a stock beta of 1.3, and a risk-free interest rate of 7%
Answer: 9%
Explanation:
The market risk premium given an expected return on a security of 18.7%, a stock beta of 1.3, and a risk-free interest rate of 7% will be calculated as:
Expected return = risk free rate + Beta × market risk premium
= (18.7% - 7%)/1.3
= (0.187 - 0.07)/1.3
= 0.117/1.3
= 0.09
= 9%
The market risk premium is 9%.
Using information that was accurate in the year 2012, categorize each member state according to whether it was a member state using the euro, a member state not using the euro, or not a member state.
You are currently in a sorting module. Turn off browse mode or quick nav, Tab to items, Space or Enter to pick up, Tab to move, Space or Enter to drop.
European Union member state using the euro
European Union member state not using the euro
Not a member of the European Union
Answer:
European Union member state using the euro.
SlovakiaFrance ItalyAll three of the above nations are members of the EU using the Euro which enables easier transactions with the rest of the Union. France still prints and manages their old currency, the Franc for its previous colonies in West Africa.
European Union member state not using the Euro.
SwedenUnited KingdomHungaryThese three countries still use their own currency with Sweden using the Krona, the British still using the Pound and the Hungarians still using the Forint. The British were still members of the EU in 2012 but have since left the Union.
Not a member of the European Union
UkraineNorwayThese two nations are not part of the EU but have very significant ties to the European Union's markets.
A company purchased land for its natural resources at a cost of $1,500,000. It expects to mine 2,000,000 tons of ore from this land. The residual value of the land is estimated to be $250,000. What is the amount of depletion per ton of ore
Answer:
$0.625
Explanation:
Depletion expense per ton of ore = (Cost of the asset - Salvage value) / Number of units
Depletion expense per ton of ore = ($1500000 - $250000) / 2000000
Depletion expense per ton of ore = $1250000 / 2000000 units
Depletion expense per ton of ore = $0.625
So, the amount of depletion expenses per ton of ore is $0.625.
The US Federal System is the voting method for passing a bill into law. It involves 100 members of the Senate, 435 members of the House of Representatives, the vice president, and the president, for a total of 537 voters. For a bill to pass, it must have a majority in the House, a majority in the Senate, with the possibility of the vice president breaking a tie, and the signature of the President; or if the president opposes the bill, it must have a 2/3 super-majority in both the House and Senate to override the veto. Otherwise the bill is defeated. Think of this as a social choice function where the alternatives are A, to pass the bill, or B, to defeat the bill. Does the US federal system satisfy:
a. the anonymity criterion
b. the neutrality criterion
c. the monotonicity criterion
d. the decisiveness criterion
Answer:
correct answer is B nun else
Holt Enterprises recently paid a dividend, D0, of $3.50. It expects to have nonconstant growth of 19% for 2 years followed by a constant rate of 10% thereafter. The firm's required return is 13%. How far away is the horizon date? The terminal, or horizon, date is Year 0 since the value of a common stock is the present value of all future expected dividends at time zero. The terminal, or horizon, date is the date when the growth rate becomes nonconstant. This occurs at time zero. The terminal, or horizon, date is the date when the growth rate becomes constant. This occurs at the beginning of Year 2. The terminal, or horizon, date is the date when the growth rate becomes constant. This occurs at the end of Year 2. The terminal, or horizon, date is infinity since common stocks do not have a maturity date.
Answer:
Holt Enterprises
The terminal, or horizon, date is:
the date when the growth rate becomes constant. This occurs at the end of Year 2.
Explanation:
a) Recent dividend, DO = $3.50
Expected non-constant growth = 19%
Period of non-constant growth = 2 years
Expected constant rate of growth = 10% after 2 years of non-constant growth
The firm's required return rate = 13%
b) The terminal or horizon date is, therefore, from the end of year 2 or beginning of year 3, when constant growth sets in with the Holt stock.
At the horizon date the dividend, D3, must have grown to $5.42 approx.
Then, the horizon value is given by the formula = D3 / required rate - growth rate
= 5.42 / 0.13 - 0.01
= 5.42 / 0.03
= $181
Explain in your own words what is known as a business?
Explanation:
a business is a company owned by someone. it could be a retail, trade, or occupation. they sell goods and needs
Suppose your roommate. Clara is starting à room cleaning business on your campus. There are five potential workers. Each is willing to work for the following daily wage:
Person Daily wage requirement
Alex $110
Diane $130
Cedric $150
Peter $170
Suppose that each person could clean eight rooms in a day and that Clara charges $21 for each room that is cleaned. How marry workers should Clara hire?
Answer:
3 workers
Explanation:
It is given that Clara is opening a room cleaning business on the campus. For Clara, there are 5 potential workers.
The daily wage of for the worker are :
Alex --- [tex]\$ 110[/tex]
Diane -- [tex]\$ 130[/tex]
Cedric -- [tex]\$ 150[/tex]
Peter -- [tex]\$ 170[/tex]
Zekta -- [tex]\$ 190[/tex]
Each of the worker will clean 8 rooms and $ 21 will be charged for each room to be cleaned.
Therefore, the number of the workers required is :
The marginal revenue product for each worker = 21 x 8 = 168
So, Clara will hire only those workers who have daily wage less than $ 168.
Therefore, Clara will hire 3 workers, namely Alex, Diane and Cedric.
Tumbling Haven, a gymnastic equipment manufacturer, provided the following information to its accountant. The company had net fixed assets of $25 million, and other non-current assets of $2 million. The firm has current liabilities of $2 million, long-term debt of $10 million, common stock of $3 million, and retained earnings of $25 million. What amount of current assets did this firm have
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Given the information above,
Total asset = Current asset + Net fixed assets + Other non current assets
= Current asset + $25m + $2m
= Current asset + $27m
= Long term debt + equity
= 10m + $3m + $25m
= $38m
Current liabilities = $2m
Since current liabilities = Total asset - (long-term debt + equity)
$2m = (current asset + $27m) - $38m
$2m = current asset + $27m - $38m
Current asset = $2m - $27m + $38m
Current asset = $13m
As we’re well aware, vending machines are used to sell snacks and beverages, whereas newspapers are sold out of a box that allows anyone to take more than one paper. How does the concept of diminishing marginal utility explain the different distribution techniques for newspapers vs. snacks and beverages? Identify two additional examples of an item whose diminishing marginal utility is high. Remember: Marginal utility is the change in total utility that results from a one-unit increase in the quantity of a good consumed; diminishing marginal utility is the general tendency for marginal utility to decrease as the quantity of a good consumed increases.
Answer:
Because people do not need a second newspaper, it will not bring any more information to their lives, rather than a second soda can or snack.
Explanation:
The law of diminishing marginal utility states that there are some products or services to which an increase in the consumption will not bring the same utility for the user as the right amount, for example, if you eat a slice of pizza, it will bring certain benefit, you'll be less hungry but if you eat 7 slices of pizza at some point you'll no longer be hungry and it will rather make you sick, in this case vending machines have a higher marginal utility, a person could drink 3 or 4 drinks or take 4 or 5 snacks before it makes them feel sick, whilst a person that buys a person buying a newspaper won't need a second one, even if it is for his/her family, a 5 people house has enough newspaper by taking 1 copy of it.
Other examples of this can be a vacuum cleaner, you don't need a second one if you already have one, or a house buying a second house ain't as necessary as the first one.
Proponents of the LIFO inventory cost flow assumption argue that this costing method is superior to the alternatives because it results in better matching of revenue and expense. The recent purchase costs to the Cost of Goods Sold account results in better matching of revenue and expense.
a. True
b. False
Answer: True
Explanation:
The assumption of the LIFO method is that the most recent goods which are added to the inventory of a company have been sold first.
This brings about a better matching of the cost incurred and the revenue since the most recent products added are the ones which are then sold first. Therefore, the correct option is True.
The Jackson-Timberlake Wardrobe Co. just paid a dividend of $2.15 per share on its stock. The dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 4 percent per year indefinitely. Investors require a return of 10.5 percent on the company's stock.
Required:
a. What is the current stock price?
b. What will the stock price be in 3 years?
c. What will the stock price be in 15 years?
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below:
1.
Current price = D1 ÷ (Required return - Growth rate)
= (2.15 × 1.04) ÷ (0.105 - 0.04)
= $34.4
2. the stock price be in 3 years is
= $34.4 × (1.04)^3
= $38.70
3. the stock price be in 15 years is
= $34.4 × (1.04)^15
= $61.95
Hence, the same should be relevant for the above calculations
Program trading is defined as automated trading generated by computer algorithms designed to react rapidly to changes in market prices. Is it ethical for investment banking houses to operate such systems when they may generate trade activity ahead of their brokerage customers, to which they owe a fiduciary duty?Suppose that you are an employee of a printing firm that was hired to proofread proxies that contained unannounced tender offers (and unnamed targets). Should you trade on this information, and would it be considered illegal?
Answer:
no
Explanation:
no
The demand for personal computers has been estimated to be Q = 500,000 – 700P +200I - 500S. Assume that per capita income I is $13,000 and the average price ofsoftware S is $400.When the price of personal computers is P = $3,000, the priceelasticity of demand is:________.a. –2.625b. –7.0c. –1.0d. –21.0e. –4.25
Answer:
The price elasticity of demand is: -2.625
Explanation:
Given
[tex]Q = 500000 - 700P +200I - 500S[/tex] --- the demand
[tex]I =\$13000[/tex] --- per capita income
[tex]S = \$400[/tex] --- average price of software
[tex]P = \$3000[/tex] --- price of computer
Required
The price elasticity of demand
Substitute values for I and S in: [tex]Q = 500000 - 700P +200I - 500S[/tex]
[tex]Q = 500000 - 700P +200*13000 - 500*400[/tex]
Collect like terms
[tex]Q = 500000 +200*13000 - 500*400- 700P[/tex]
[tex]Q = 2900000- 700P[/tex]
The price elasticity (n) is then calculated using:
[tex]n =\frac{P}{Q} * \frac{dQ}{dP}[/tex]
[tex]Q = 2900000- 700P[/tex]
Differentiate
[tex]\frac{dQ}{dP} = -700[/tex]
Calculate Q when [tex]P = \$3000[/tex]
[tex]Q = 2900000- 700*3000[/tex]
[tex]Q = 800000[/tex]
So, we have:
[tex]n =\frac{3000}{800000} * -700[/tex]
[tex]n =-\frac{3000* 700}{800000}[/tex]
[tex]n =-\frac{2100000}{800000}[/tex]
[tex]n =-\frac{21}{8}[/tex]
[tex]n =-2.625[/tex]
The price elasticity of demand is going to be –2.625.
The equation has
Q = 500,000 – 700P +200I - 500S.
p = $3,000
I = $13,000
S = $400
We have to put in these values in the equation that we have here:
Q = 500,000 – 700*3000 +200*13000 - 500*400
= 800000
We have to find dQ/dP= 500,000+200*13000 - 500*400 – 700P
= 2900000-700p
= -700p
The price elasticity =
-700*3000/800000
= -2.625
The price elasticity = -2.625
Read more on price elasticity here:
https://brainly.com/question/8729849
David works for a cookie company downtown. He earns $7 per hour. In a typical week, he works 22 hours. His employer provides overtime pay equal to 3 times his normal wage if he works past 40 hours. The company also provides a 8% commission on all cookies sold. How much can David make this week if he works 30 hours and sells $1100 worth of cookies
Answer:
$242
Explanation:
Calculation to determine How much can David make this week
Earnings for David =( 22*$7) + (1100*8%)
Earnings for David=$154*$88
Earnings for David= $242
Therefore How much can David make this week is $242
you need a 20-year, fixed-rate mortgage to buy a new home for $210,000. Your mortgage bank will lend you the money at a 7.1 percent APR for this 240 month loan. However, you can afford monthly payments of $1,000, so you offer to pay off any remaining balance at the end of the loan in the form of a single balloon payment. HOw large will this balloon payment have ot be for you to keep your monthly payments at $1000
Answer: $337,869.73
Explanation:
Find out the future value of $1,000 given an interest rate of 7.1%. If this amount is less than the future value of $210,000, the difference is added to the final payment to come up with the balloon payment.
The APR needs to be made periodic:
= 7.1% / 12
The $1,000 payment is an annuity so this can be calculated as:
= Annuity * ( ( 1 + rate) ^ number of periods - 1) / rate
= 1,000 * ( ( 1 + 7.1/ 12%) ²⁴⁰ - 1) / 7.1/12%
= $527,297.83
Future value of $210,000
= 210,000 * ( 1 + 7.1/ 12%) ²⁴⁰
= $865,167.56
Balloon payment will be:
= 865,167.56 - 527,297.83
= $337,869.73
A mid-sized firm plans to issue 10 million shares during an IPO. The underwriter plans to sell shares at $24.45; however, many investors believe the company should be valued at $34.25 per share. If the underwriter charges a $1.1 million fee to undertake the IPO, how much will the firm raise in the IPO
Answer:
The answer is "[tex]\$243,400,000[/tex]".
Explanation:
The medium-sized company proposes to issue 10 million IPO shares.
Its Contractor intends to purchase [tex]$24.45;[/tex] this implies cash flows from
[tex]\to 10,000,000 \times 24.45= \$244,500,000[/tex]
When the contractor pays an IPO cost of million, the company shall
In the IPO this would raise
[tex]\to \$186,000,000 - \$1,100,000 = \$243,400,000[/tex]
Hyundai's Assurance program empathized with American consumers during uncertain financial times, helping to create a psychological and emotional:_______
a. brand association.
b. differentiation strategy.
c. consumer response.
d. marketing campaign.
Allied Merchandisers was organized on May 1. Macy Co. is a major customer (buyer) of Allied (seller) products.
May
3 Allied made its first and only purchase of inventory for the period on May 3 for 2,000 units at a price of $11 cash per unit (for a total cost of $22,000).
5 Allied sold 1,000 of the units in inventory for $15 per unit (invoice total: $15,000) to Macy Co. under credit terms 2/10, n/60. The goods cost Allied $11,000.
7 Macy returns 100 units because they did not fit the customer’s needs (invoice amount: $1,500). Allied restores the units, which cost $1,100, to its inventory.
8 Macy discovers that 100 units are scuffed but are still of use and, therefore, keeps the units. Allied gives a price reduction (allowance) and credits Macy's accounts receivable for $700 to compensate for the damage.
15 Allied receives payment from Macy for the amount owed on the May 5 purchase; payment is net of returns, allowances, and any cash discount.
Required:
Prepare the appropriate journal entries for Macy Co. to record each of the May transactions.
Answer:
Allied Merchandisers
Journal Entries:
May 3 Debit Inventory $22,000
Credit Cash $22,000
To record the purchase of goods for cash.
May 5 Debit Accounts receivable (Macy Co.) $15,000
Credit Sales revenue $15,000
To record the sale of goods on credit, terms 2/10, n/60.
Debit Cost of goods sold $11,000
Credit Inventory $11,000
To record the cost of goods sold.
May 7 Debit Sales Returns $1,500
Credit Accounts receivable (Macy Co.) $1,500
To record the return of 100 units.
Debit Inventory $1,100
Credit Cost of goods sold $1,100
To record the cost of goods returned.
May 8 Debit Sales Allowances $700
Credit Accounts receivable (Macy Co.) $700
To record the sales allowance given.
May 15 Debit Cash $12,544
Debit Cash Discounts $256
Credit Accounts receivable (Macy Co.) $12,800
To record the receipt of cash for full settlement of account.
Explanation:
a) Data and Analysis:
May 3 Inventory $22,000 Cash $22,000
May 5 Accounts receivable (Macy Co.) $15,000 Sales revenue $15,000 terms 2/10, n/60.
Cost of goods sold $11,000 Inventory $11,000
May 7 Sales Returns $1,500 Accounts receivable (Macy Co.) $1,500
Inventory $1,100 Cost of goods sold $1,100
May 8 Sales Allowances $700 Accounts receivable (Macy Co.) $700
May 15 Cash $12,544 Cash Discounts $256 Accounts receivable (Macy Co.) $12,800
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Suppose a firm’s total assets turnover ratio falls from 1.0 to 0.9, but at the same time its profit margin rises from 9% to 10% and its debt decreases from 60% of total assets to 40%. Under these conditions, the ROE will increase.
b. Suppose a firm’s total assets turnover ratio falls from 1.0 to 0.9, but at the same time its profit margin rises from 9% to 10% and its debt increases from 40% of total assets to 60%. Without additional information, we cannot tell what will happen to the ROE.
c. The Du Pont equation provides information about how operations affect the ROE, but the equation does not include the effects of debt on the ROE.
d. Other things held constant, an increase in the debt ratio will result in an increase in the profit margin on sales.
e. Suppose a firm’s total assets turnover ratio falls from 1.0 to 0.9, but at the same time its profit margin rises from 9% to 10%, and its debt decreases from 60% of total assets to 40%. Under these conditions, the ROE will decrease.
Answer:
a. Suppose a firm's total assets turnover ratio falls from 1.0 to 0.9, but at the same time its profit margin rises from 9% to 10% and its debt decreases from 60% of total assets to 40%. Under these conditions, the ROE will increase.
Explanation:
Asset turnover ratio of a firm is sales divided by total assets. If this ratio falls the revenue of the firm has declined, but since the profit margin has increased means company has made efforts to cut down its expenses and cost. If the debt has decreased then its equity portion will increase resulting in ROE to increase.
Dozier Company produced and sold 1,000 units during its first month of operations. It reported the following costs and expenses for the month: Direct materials $ 79,000 Direct labor $ 40,000 Variable manufacturing overhead $ 19,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead 31,000 Total manufacturing overhead $ 50,000 Variable selling expense $ 14,000 Fixed selling expense 22,000 Total selling expense $ 36,000 Variable administrative expense $ 5,000 Fixed administrative expense 27,000 Total administrative expense $ 32,000 Required: 1. With respect to cost classifications for preparing financial statements: a. What is the total product cost
Answer:
Total product cost= $169,000
Explanation:
The product cost is calculated using the direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead:
Direct materials $ 79,000
Direct labor $ 40,000
Variable manufacturing overhead $ 19,000
Fixed manufacturing overhead 31,000
Total product cost= $169,000