Errors in transcription or translation can be offset by the redundancy of the genetic code. The codon chart displayed on the previous page shows that each amino acid is coded for by multiple different codons. This redundancy helps to reduce the likelihood of errors in translation or transcription.
For example, Alanine can be coded for by four different codons: GCU, GCC, GCA and GCG. This means that if a mutation occurs in the coding strand of DNA, such as a single base substitution, the new codon may still code for Alanine. As a result, the amino acid sequence will not be changed and the protein product of the gene will remain the same. This is known as a silent mutation and it can offset errors in transcription or translation.
The redundancy of the genetic code also helps to reduce the chances of errors occurring during translation. This is because, if a codon is misread, the cell can still recognize the correct amino acid. For example, if a cell misreads the codon for Alanine (GCA) as GAA, the cell will still recognize the correct amino acid because GAA is the codon for Glutamic Acid. This means that the protein product of the gene will remain the same.
In conclusion, the redundancy of the genetic code helps to offset errors in transcription and translation by allowing single base substitutions to go unnoticed and allowing codons to be misread without changing the amino acid sequence of the protein product.
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a plant homozygous for the unlinked dominant alleles a, b and g is crossed with another plant that is homozygous for the recessive alleles a, b and g. how many different genotypes in the f2 population will give rise to the abg phenotype?
The abg phenotype is produced by 4 distinct snps in the f2 population.
What are the three genotype types?There are three distinct genotype types: homozygous dominant (PP), homozygous recessive (PP), and homozygous (Pp). The traits are the same in homozygous dominant and heterozygous genotypes.
What are the four genotype types?Humans have four different hemoglobin genotypes, or hemoglobin pairings and formations: AA, AS, SS, and AC (uncommon). The aberrant genotypes or sickle cells are SS and AC. Each of us have a particular pair of these hemoglobin, which we acquired from both parents, in our blood.
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which of these animal taxa has the highest proportion of species threatened with extinction?
a. birds
b. amphibians
c. mammals
d. sharks and rays
e. selected crustaceans
f. reptiles
c) Amphibians these animal taxa has the highest proportion of species threatened with extinction
Four-limbed, ectothermic animals belonging to the class Amphibia are called amphibians. The class Lissamphibia comprises all currently existing amphibians. They live in many different environments, the majority of which are terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal, or freshwater aquatic settings. Amphibians can dwell on dry ground or in water. Their name derives from the Greek word "amphibios," which is a synonym for "two lives." Amphibians include frogs, salamanders, and toads. Western Africa is home to the Goliath Frog, which is the biggest frog in the world.
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in humans, at what stage of the bacterial growth curve disease symptoms develop because the bacteria are causing tissue damage?
It is during the log phase of the bacterial growth curve that disease symptoms develop as a result of the bacteria causing tissue damage in humans.
The initial stage of bacterial growth is termed the lag phase, where bacteria are multiplying and adapting to the environment. The next stage is the log phase, where the bacteria are rapidly multiplying and the population size rapidly increases. Finally, the stationary phase is reached when the growth rate of the bacteria slows down and the population size begins to stabilize.
In terms of disease symptoms developing as a result of bacteria causing tissue damage, it is usually during the log phase that symptoms begin to become apparent. This is due to the fact that the bacteria population has now grown to a size where it can cause significant harm to the human body. As the bacteria multiply and spread, toxins are released which can cause inflammation and damage to the surrounding tissue. This damage can manifest itself in a variety of ways including pain, swelling, redness, vomiting, and diarrhea.
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matter that organisms require for their life processes are called a. legumes. b. decomposers. c. fertilizers. d. nutrients.
The matter that organisms require for their life processes are called Nutrients.
Nutrients are the substances that organisms need for their life processes. Several dozen nutrients are required by organisms. Nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus are examples of macronutrients, which are required in relatively large amounts. Micronutrients are nutrients that are required in small amounts.
Nutrients are chemical compounds found in food that the body uses to function properly and stay healthy. Instances usually involve proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Nutrients are indeed the energy we need to facilitate the body to metabolize food and afterward put this into use by the body to construct and repair cells and tissue, which is primarily our metabolism.
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Hey could you help me
Answer: You have to show the question
Explanation: You need to show the question before people can help you..
During which phases of the cell cycle is the cell duplicating its genetic material and organelles?
The cell duplicates its genetic material during the S phase, and organelles during the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
During the G2 phase of the cell cycle, the majority of organelles duplicate. After the S phase, during which DNA or genetic material is duplicated, comes this phase. Additionally, this stage happens before mitosis, where the cell parts into two identical daughter cells.
In addition to the replication of organelles in preparation for mitosis, cell growth occurs during the G2 phase. The majority of the G2 phase, however, is spent preparing for mitosis. The cytoskeleton of the cell is taken apart to be used for the division of genetic material and organelles, and energy is also stored for cell division.
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Which of the following bases is not present in DNA Mcq? A
Quinoline
B
Adenine
C
Cytosine
D
Thymine
How mitochondrial failure is involved in shallow breathing, shivering, and Weak pulse.
Explanation:
Mitochondrial failure is involved in shallow breathing, shivering, and weak pulse in several ways.
First, shallow breathing can be a result of mitochondrial failure in the cells that make up the respiratory muscles. These cells require a constant supply of energy from the mitochondria in order to contract and relax, allowing the lungs to expand and contract and move air in and out of the body. If the mitochondria in these cells are not functioning properly, they will not be able to produce enough energy to support the contraction of the respiratory muscles, leading to shallow breathing.
Shivering is also related to mitochondrial failure, as it is a mechanism that the body uses to try to generate heat when it is cold. When the body is cold, the muscles contract and relax rapidly, producing heat through the process of muscle metabolism. This process requires energy from the mitochondria, and if the mitochondria are not functioning properly, the body will not be able to generate enough heat through shivering to keep warm.
Finally, weak pulse can be a result of mitochondrial failure in the heart muscle. The heart is a muscle that requires a constant supply of energy from the mitochondria in order to contract and pump blood throughout the body. If the mitochondria are not functioning properly, the heart muscle will not be able to contract effectively, leading to a weak pulse.
Overall, mitochondrial failure can be involved in shallow breathing, shivering, and weak pulse by interfering with the ability of the cells that produce these processes to generate enough energy to function properly.
Pathogens of the skin often enter via hair follicles and ducts of the sweat glands.
a. True
b. False
Answer: True
Explanation:
what relatively recent fossil discovery has helped us understand the transition between the lobe-finned fishes and the tetrapods?
Tiktaalik's recent fossil discovery has helped us understand the transition between the lobe-finned fishes and the tetrapods.
Early lobe-finned fishes are hard fish with plump, lobed, matched blades, which are joined to the body by a solitary bone.
The discovery of well-preserved pelves and a portion of the pelvic fin from Tiktaalik roseae, a 375 million-year-old transitional species between fish and the first animals with legs, indicates that improved hind fins were the actual starting point for the evolution of hind legs.
The non-tetrapod Osteichthyes (bony fish) Tiktaalik was discovered in the Arctic of Canada. It has scales and gills, but it has a triangular, flattened head and unusual, cleaver-shaped fins.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. animals that can detect ultraviolet (uv) light differ from humans by having ________.
Thicker retinas that can capture UV light more efficiently and UV-specific opsins that extend their visible light spectrum.
In general, light having wavelengths between 380 and 700 nanometers may be seen by humans (nm). Within that range are all the hues of the rainbow, from red all the way to violet. UV light, however, has wavelengths that are shorter than 380 nm. They are hence invisible to the human sight.
Is everyone blind to UV light? No, actually. Aphakia is a condition that causes people to be able to see UV light rays. Aphakia is the absence of an eye lens, which is frequently the result of surgery or heredity. They can see beyond the visible spectrum of light since they don't have this lens, but it also results in fuzzy vision and farsightedness.
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The presence of high levels of fecal coliform bacteria in a water source indicates that the water has been contaminated by untreated human or animal waste. is the meaning of ___
The presence of high levels of fecal coliform bacteria in a water source indicates that the water has been contaminated by untreated human or animal and that is called water pollution.
What is water pollution and its result?The water is polluted by different sources, such as when the chemicals from the industries without treatment mix with the river, mixing of untreated waste materials, etc., and this pollutes the water, and as a result, that specific aquatic ecosystem and the other ecosystem are directly and indirectly affected.
Hence, the presence of high levels of fecal coliform bacteria in a water source indicates that the water has been contaminated by untreated human or animal and that is called water pollution.
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the different geometries that a molecule can attain by bond rotations and bends are called conformations.A. TrueB. False
Referring to: Conformations are the various shapes that a molecule can achieve through bond rotations and bends. True. A.
Other names for it include angular and V-shaped. Examples of molecules with a bent geometry include water (H 2 O), sulphur dichloride (SCl 2), methylene (CH 2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2). Because it is not linear and instead has a curved or deformed v-shaped shape, it is called bent. There are two bond pairs and two lone pairings in it. The three-dimensional configuration of the atoms that make up a molecule is known as molecular geometry. It provides details regarding the molecule's overall shape as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles, and any additional geometrical elements that affect the position.
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gerusa is a company of former soviet scientists who use a special chemical to kill cancer cells. while the scientists have the knowledge, they are short on equipment, money, and marketing know-how. it would seem that gerusa should
While the scientists have the knowledge, they are short on equipment, money, and marketing know-how. it would seem that gerusa should Find a partner with whom they can work together.
They should look for an investor or partner with whom they can work together to improve and develop their product.
Gerusa has developed a distinct chemical that can kill cancer cells, giving it a competitive edge in the market. If it chooses to work with a partner, it will have to share all of its resources and the technology for its chemical. This will make it less able to control the technology because the partner will also have information about the method and the solution. As a result, Gerusa has complete command of the technology when it decides not to partner with anyone else.
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4
What is TRUE about race?
A.
It is easy to define in most cultures.
B.
It ignores biological characteristics.
C.
It is socially constructed.
D.
It never changes over time.
Answer:
Explanation:
i think it A
Compare/contrast DNA and RNA, be sure to include the following:
shape
sugars found
bases found
purpose
Answer:
C or Bases Found
Explanation:
(DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose) and base molecules.
I really hope this helps! Please tell me if it is wrong on your side.
FILL IN THE BLANK. blood pressure is highest in the ___________ and lowest in the _____________.
Answer:
arteries closest to the heart; veins
Explanation:
Blood pressure is highest in the arteries closest to the heart and lowest in the veins.
The pelvic splanchnic nerves originate from the neuron cell bodies housed within the lateral gray matter of the ______ spinal cord segments.
The neuron cell bodies seen in the posterior gray matter of the S2-S4 brain stem segments are the source of the pelvic splanchnic nerves. The nervous system includes them.
The nerve is an organ system that receives and translates sensory data from the environment to coordinate bodily movements.
The systemic nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord.
The 31 parts of the spinal cord include 8 cervicals, 12 disseminate, 5 lumbar, 5 caudal parts, and 1 coccyx.
The sacrum & coccyx, in addition to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine parts, divide the spine's 33 bones, or vertebrates, into five sections.
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cytochalasin d, a fungal alkaloid, has a similar function, similar to a. profilin b. troponin c. capz d. tropomodulin
cytochalasin d, a fungal alkaloid, has a similar function, similar to capZ. In muscle cells, CapZ's primary job is to cap the barbed (plus) end of actin filaments.
Various molds secrete a class of compounds known as cytochalasins, which stop cell motility. Cell motility, phagocytosis, microfilament-based trafficking of organelles and vesicles, and the development of lamellipodia and microspikes are all inhibited by the cytochalasins, which bind to the plus end of microfilaments and hinder further polymerization. The sea sponge extract lantrunculin stabilizes and binds to actin monomers, which leads to a net depolymerization of actin filaments. Lantrunculin and cytochalasins both affect actin-based function in a similar manner. Stabilizes microfilaments and prevents depolymerization is phalloidin, an alkaloid isolated from the toadstool Amanita phalloides. These substances also stop cells from moving, showing that actin filament formation and disintegration are both necessary for cell motility.
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Consider a population in which the frequency of allele AA is p=0.7p=0.7 and the frequency of allele aa is q=0.3q=0.3, and where the alleles are codominant. What will be the allele frequencies after one generation if the following occurs?wAA=1wAA=1 , wAa=0.9wAa=0.9 , and waa=0.8waa=0.8 . Enter your answers in the following order: qg+lqg+l , pg+lpg+l .
The answer to this question is q[tex]_{g+1}[/tex] = 0.278 and p[tex]_{g+1}[/tex] = 0.722
The population given is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The principle applies if a population follows conditions such as no mutation, no selection, large population size, no migration, and random mating. If all conditions are followed by a population, its genotypic and phenotypic frequencies remain constant from generation to generation.
The HWE equation is as follows:
p² + 2pq + q² =1
Where p² = homozygous dominant frequency, pq = heterozygous frequency, q² = homozygous recessive frequency.
The allele given is codominant. The allele frequency after one generation can be calculated using the formula:
q = [tex]\frac{(W_{Aa})(p)(q) + (W{aa)}(q^2)}{W_{AA}(p^2) + (W_{Aa})(2pq)+(W_{aa})(q^2)}[/tex]
here
p = 0.7
q = 0.3
W[tex]_{AA}[/tex] = 1
W[tex]_{Aa}[/tex] = 0.9
W[tex]_{aa}[/tex] = 0.8.
So:
q[tex]_{g+1}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{(W_{Aa})(p)(q) + (W{aa)}(q^2)}{W_{AA}(p^2) + (W_{Aa})(2pq)+(W_{aa})(q^2)}[/tex]
q[tex]_{g+1}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{(0.9)(0.7)(0.3) + (0.8)(0.3)}{(1)(0.7) + (0.9)(2(0.7)(0.3)+(0.8)(0.3)}[/tex]
q[tex]_{g+1}[/tex] = 0.261/0.94
q[tex]_{g+1}[/tex] = 0.278
p[tex]_{g+1}[/tex] = = 1 - 0.278
p[tex]_{g+1}[/tex] = 0.722
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a forest fire is an example of regulation. a forest fire is an example of regulation. r-selected density-dependent density-independent k-selected
A forest fire is considered an example of density-independent regulation. Option c is the correct answer.
Regulation that impacts population size without respect to population density is known as density-independent regulation. Most of the time density independent characteristics have nothing to do with the population number and are just physical aspects of the environment. Regardless of population size, density-independent factors always have an impact on the population. Forest fire is a natural disasters. It has nothing to the population size but it affects the population. Because the population's size does not necessarily correspond to how it is affected. Therefore, option c is correct.
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suppose that a single dna base change of an ""a"" to a ""t"" occurs and is copied during replication. is this change necessarily a mutation?
a. Traffic Congestion
b. Device Manipulation
c. Attack Surface
d. Environmental Monitoring
The above options are incorrect as it is a change in the DNA sequence, during replication. is this change necessarily a mutation
A gene variation is an replication to a gene's DNA sequence that takes place throughout time. Gene variation is regarded to be a more accurate word for this sort of genetic change than gene mutation since changes in DNA do not necessarily result in illness. A mutation is a change to an organism's DNA sequence. Mutations can be the consequence of viral infection, exposure to mutagens, or mistakes in DNA replication during cell division.
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How do you explain the basis for classification of organisms using evidence from morphology, anatomy, physiology, behavior, molecular biology, genetics, or evolution?
Organisms can be classified based on a wide range of evidence.
What is molecular biology?Molecular biology is a branch of biology that deals with the structure, function, and interactions of molecules in living systems. It combines chemistry, biochemistry, genetics, and biophysics to study the structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, DNA, and RNA. It also looks at how cells in different organisms interact to form complex systems, as well as how they interact with their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field of study that helps to explain how living organisms work at the molecular level.
Morphology involves the study of shape and form, while anatomy studies the internal structure of organisms. Physiology looks at the processes and functions of the organism, and behavior examines how the organism interacts with its environment. Molecular biology studies the structure and function of molecules within the organism, genetics looks at the inheritance of traits, and evolution examines the changes that occur over time. Collectively, these aspects provide important evidence for the classification of organisms.
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Which proportionality does Kepler’s third law describe?
Answer:
According to my search
Explanation:
Kepler's Third Law. Kepler's third law states that the square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
the studies by chapin and colleagues on glacier bay succession provide empirical support for which model(s) of succession?
Primary succession happens on another substrate when the dirt base has been totally obliterated. Secondary succession happens after an unsettling influence that doesn't totally obliterate the dirt base. A few plants and creatures may likewise remain.
Secondary succession is started by unsettling influence, for example, fire or land clearing, which eliminates a past local area from an area. Three instruments by which species might supplant each other are assistance speculation; resilience speculation, and the hindrance theory. An exemplary illustration of secondary succession happens in oak and hickory woodlands cleared by out-of-control fire. Rapidly spreading fires will consume most vegetation and kill creatures incapable to escape the region. Their supplements, be that as it may, are gotten back to the ground as debris. Primary succession happens when another fix of land is made or uncovered interestingly. This can occur, for instance, when magma cools and makes new shakes, or when an icy mass withdraws and uncovered rocks with no dirt. During primary succession, organic entities should begin without any preparation.
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If the herb population in an ecoytem increaed, what mot likely happen to the ize of carnivore
If the herbivore population in an ecosystem increased, the Carnivore population would also increase.
It is likely that the size of the ecosystem's carnivore population would also grow if the number of herbivores increased. This is due to the fact that carnivores frequently rely on herbivores as their primary food source in an ecosystem. More carnivores would survive to maturity and breed if there was more food for them to eat, which would result in a greater number of newly born carnivores the following season. The number of carnivores would also begin to decrease when their food supplies ran out if this increase caused a decrease in the herbivore population as a result of increased hunting by the increased number of carnivores.
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(complete question)
If the herbivore population in an ecosystem increased, what most likely happen to the size of carnivores?
what portion of the flower will be purple
Answer: the light lilac to deep violet.
Explanation:
if each plant cell is a genetic equivalent of another cell in the same plant, then a horticulturalist could produce a clone of a prize-winning plant by harvesting a cell from ________.
A horticulturalist could produce a clone of a prize-winning plant by harvesting a cell from the stem of the root of the prized plant.
A cell has 3 elements: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm. . The nucleus is a structure inside the cell that incorporates the nucleolus and the maximum of the cellular's DNA. it's also in which maximum RNA is made.
Cells are the basic constructing blocks of all residing things. They form shapes for the body, absorb nutrients from meals, and convert those vitamins into electricity, and perform the specialized functions.
Cells provide shape and function for all dwelling matters, from microorganisms to people. Cells residence the organic equipment that makes the proteins, chemical substances, and indicators chargeable for the whole thing that occurs interior our bodies.
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when using dna center, what is it called when you are leveraging the rest api or the gui interface of dna center?
When using the DNA center's rest API or GUI interface, northbound APIs are used.
Describe northbound REST API.In contrast, a southbound interface allows a higher-level component to send commands to lower-level network components. A northbound interface is an application programming interface (API) or protocol that enables communication between lower-level and higher-level or more central network components.
The communication channel between the applications and the SDN controller is provided by northbound APIs. Applications can inform the network of their resource requirements (data, storage, bandwidth, etc.), and the network can communicate what it has or deliver the resources requested. Numerous applications are supported by these APIs.
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lacunae can hold what type of cells? osteoblasts and osteoclasts fibroblasts and chondroblasts chondrocytes and osteocytes chondroblasts and osteoblasts
Lacunae can hold chondrocytes and osteocytes types of cells. Osteocyte bone cells are found in the lacuna, which is the area between these rings.
The bone cells (osteocytes), which are situated between the rings of matrix, are found in regions known as lacunae.
Lacunae are home to osteoblasts. The lacunae known as Howship's lacunae are occasionally observed to contain enormous multinucleated osteoclasts, which break down bone. These are easily located in the growth plate's ossification zone. In this slide, the spongy bone and marrow cavity are encircled by the solid bone.
A lacuna in bone or cartilage serves primarily as a home for the cells it contains, preserving their viability and functionality. Osteocytes are enclosed by lacunae in bones, and chondrocytes are enclosed by lacunae in cartilage.
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