The penny must have changed its color because an oxidation reaction. When we heat some metals, the trnasform into oxides, for exxample Zinc oxide ZnO or CuO.
Moreover, his compounds are colored molecules mostly brown or black colored compounds. First at all when we put the pennies into a acetic acid solution, a redox reaction wiil happen. The acetate is an oxidant and it will react with the Cu, Zn and Sn to reduce them. for example, if we have ZnSO4 in the plate and it will be heated, the Zn will suffer a redox reaction and will form Zn0. a metalic form. that´s why the color changes.
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an element of group ii loses two electrons in the process of a chemical combination. what is its ionic charge? choose...
An element of group (II) loses two electrons in the process of a chemical combination. its ionic charge is + 2.
The group (II) element are the alkaline earth metals. metals have tendency to donate the electrons and form cation . the group (II) metal element have tendency to loose 2 electrons and for cation with ionic charge of +2. example :
beryllium atomic number is 4 . electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² it can loose and form Be⁺² , electronic configuration is 1s².
Thus, An element of group (II) loses two electrons in the process of a chemical combination. its ionic charge is + 2.
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What distinguishes the phosphorus cycle from the carbon, water, and nitrogen cycles?.
A gas phase may not be present in the phosphorus cycle, unlike the other major biogeochemical cycles; however, in some cases, small amounts of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) differ from nitrogen
That do reach the atmosphere can result in acid rain. At least one step of the processes for the elements sulfur, carbon, nitrogen, and water involves the gaseous state. phosphorus cycle and its various derivatives are not gases at Earth's natural temperatures and pressures, so there is an inadequate amount of phosphorus cycle circulating in the atmosphere. Sedimentary soil is the main source of phosphorus.
The movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and nitrogen is referred to as the phosphorus cycle, a sedimentary nitrogen cycle.
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The compound cobalt (II) sulfate forms a hydrate with 6 water molecules per formula unit. What are the name and
formula of the hydrate?
For liquids which of the factors affect vapor pressure?a. Volumeb. Humidityc. Surface aread. Inter molecular forcese. Tmperature
For liquids the following factors affect vapor pressure-
Intermolecular ForceTemperatureWhat exactly is vapor pressure?
The equilibrium pressure of a vapor above its liquid (or solid), or the pressure of the vapor created by the evaporation of a liquid (or solid) above a sample of the liquid (or solid) in a closed container, is the vapor pressure of a liquid.
The temperature and intermolecular interactions between molecules affect a liquid's vapor pressure, which changes.
Temperature: As a substance's temperature rises, its vapor pressure also does. However, the vapor pressure decreases as the temperature does.
Molecular types:
The kind of molecules that compose a solid or liquid determine its vapor pressure.
If the intermolecular connections between molecules are quite strong, the vapor pressure will be fairly low.Due to the substance's relative weak interacting force, the vapor pressure will be high.Surface Area: When a solid or liquid interacts with a gas, the vapor pressure is unaffected by the solid or liquid's surface area.
Hence, for liquids the vapor pressure is affected by -Intermolecular Force and Temperature
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21. Apply Concepts Classify each reaction and balance the
equations.
a. C3H6(g) + O₂(g) - CO₂(g) + H₂O(g)
Al₂O3(s) + H₂O(l)
Li₂O(s)
Al(OH)3(s)
C. Li(s) + O₂(g)
d. Zn(s) + AgNO3(aq) -
Ag(s) + Zn(NO3)₂(aq)
The reactions are in order which includes combustion reaction, Hydration reaction, oxidation reaction, and displacement reaction.
a) A combustion reaction is a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant where heat is released. The combustion reaction example is given below. It is a balanced chemical reaction.
2C₃H₆(g) + 9O₂(g) --------> 6CO₂(g) + 6H₂O(g)
b. A hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a molecule of water is added to another molecule. Here Aluminum oxide is added to water to form aluminum hydroxide.
4Al₂O3(s) + 6H₂O(l)------> 2Al(OH)3(s)
c. When a metal reacts with oxygen, the metal forms an oxide. Oxide is a compound of metal and oxygen. Here lithium metal reacts with oxygen to form lithium oxide.
2Li(s) + O₂(g)-----> Li₂O(s)
d. A displacement reaction is one in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound. Here Zinc is more reactive than silver, so silver was displaced to form Zinc Nitrate.
Zn(s) + 2AgNO₃(aq) -----> 2Ag(s) + Zn(NO₃)₂(aq)
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saturated liquid water at 150 kpa is contained in an insulated piston cylinder device. energy (2.6 mj). is transferred to the working fluid by a resistance heater. if there is 5 l of fluid, find the entropy change of the water during this process.
The entropy change of the water during this process is 5.4634KJ/K
Given:The volume of saturated liquid water in cylinder=5l
Pressure=150kpa
Q(added)=2100kg
At 150kpa,temperature is same as atm presuure=384.37k
[tex]Q=420KJ/KG[/tex]
[tex]Entropy=Q(added)/T[/tex]
[tex]Entropy=2100/384.37[/tex]
[tex]Entropy=5.4634 KJ/K[/tex]
Give the formula for entropy change.
Change in entropy ΔS = ΔQ/T.
What is the entropy change?
Entropy Change can be described as a shift in a thermodynamic system's state of disorder caused by the conversion of heat or enthalpy into work. Entropy is higher in a system with a high degree of disorderliness.
Thus, the entropy change of water during this process is 5.4634KJ/K
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which of the choices provided best depicts the flow of carbon between primary producers, consumers, and decomposers?
The option that best describes the flow of carbon between primary producers, consumers and decomposers is, primary producers →consumers → decomposers. Correct answer: letter B.
This is because decomposers break down dead organic matter and return carbon to the atmosphere, which is used by primary producers to create more organic matter.
The Flow of Carbon Between Primary Producers, Consumers and DecomposersCarbon is an essential element of life on Earth. All living things are made up of carbon, and the element is found in many different forms in the environment. Carbon cycle is the process by which carbon is exchanged between different reservoirs on Earth. The main reservoirs of carbon include:
The atmosphereOceansLand surfaceBiosphereThe main process that exchanges carbon between these reservoirs is photosynthesis, which is carried out by plants and other primary producers.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into organic matter, such as glucose. This organic matter is then used by plants for growth and development, and is also consumed by animals as food. When animals eat plants, or other animals, they break down the organic matter and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. This process is called respiration. Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, also play an important role in the carbon cycle by breaking down dead organic matter and releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
Which of the diagrams below best depicts the flow of carbon between primary producers, consumers, and decomposers?
Group of answer choices:
A) Decomposers → consumers → primary producers
B) Primary producers → consumers → decomposers
C) Consumers → primary producers → decomposers
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Consider a molecule that has carbon as the central atom and is best described by sp3 hybridization. How many other atoms are connected to this carbon?.
According to the molecular geometry, if carbon is central atom and is sp³ hybridized then it is attached to four other atoms.
What is molecular geometry?Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.
It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
They provide information about geometry by taking into considerations the vibrational and rotational absorbance of a substance.Neutron and electron diffraction techniques provide information about the distance between nuclei and electron density.
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in a titration, 20 ml of 1.47 m nh3 was titrated with 0.20 m hcl. calculate the ph of the resulting solution after the addition 0 ml of the acid? (give your answer to two decimal places) (kb ammonia
The pH of the resulting solution is 7.
pH is determined by the concentration of hydronium and hydroxyl ions in a solution. pH is also known as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.
pH determines the acidity and basicity of a given solution. It determines the number of protons that has been released or donated. In the given condition we have.
1.47 molar NH3that has been titrated to 0.20 molar HCL.
For 20 ml of solution, we get pH of 7.
Therefore, the pH of the give solution is 7.
Titration is used in quantitative tests while maintaining the concentration of the solution. A slight change in color marks the equalizing of volume and concentration.
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What is the new volume of a 4.00-liter sample of CO(g) when its pressure changes from 10.0 kPa to 70.0 kPa?
O A 0.571 mL
O
B
O
1.75 mL
O € 4.00 mL
D 175 mL
The new volume of CO when its pressure increase from 10.0kPa to 70.0 kPa will be 0.571mL
We know that, Volume and pressure are not inversely proportional to one another, in contrast to the P-T and V-T correlations. Instead, P and V show inverse proportionality, which means that as pressure rises, gas volume falls. In math, this can be expressed as:
P₁V₁= P₂V₂
10× 4= 70V₂
40 = 70 V₂
V₂ = 40/70
V₂ = 0.571 mL
When held at a fixed temperature, the volume of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure at which it is measured.
So, the final volume of the Carbon monoxide sample will be 0.571mL.
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what is the pressure in a 17.0- l cylinder filled with 46.5 g of oxygen gas at a temperature of 320 k ?
The pressure in a 17.0-L cylinder filled with 46.5 g of oxygen gas at a temperature of 320 K is 2.26 atm.
IDEAL GAS LAW:
The pressure of a given gas can be calculated by using the ideal gas law equation as follows:
PV = nRT
Where,
P = Pressure
V = Volume
n = Number of moles
R = Gas law constant (0.0821 molK/Latm)
T = Temperature
Given,
V = 17 L
T = 320 K
R (Gas constant) = 0.0821
According to this question, a 17.0- l cylinder filled with 46.5 g of oxygen gas at a temperature of 320 K.
The number of moles of the oxygen gas (O₂) = 46.9g ÷ 32g/mol = 1.46mol
∴ PV = nRT
P × 17 = 1.46 × 0.0821 × 320
⇒17P = 38.357
⇒P = 38.357 ÷ 17
⇒P = 2.26 atm
Therefore, the pressure in a 17.0-L cylinder filled with 46.5 g of oxygen gas at a temperature of 320 K is 2.26 atm.
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An object's apparent weight is slightly less when it is at the equator than when it is at the North Pole.
The gravitational pull from the earth is lower at the equator than that at the poles. That's why we experience lesser weight in equator than at poles.
What is gravitation?Gravitation is a kind force by which an object attracts other objects into its centre of mass. The gravitational force is dependant on the mass of the objects and distance between them.
We are all standing on the ground because of the gravitational pull by the earth. Hence, we feel a weight here and not space where there is no gravitation.
The gravitational force by earth varies in each latitudes. It will maximum at poles and minimum in equator. Therefore, the apparent weight of an object will be slightly less there.
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be sure to answer all parts. in the following pair of compounds one is chiral and the other is achiral. identify each compound as chiral or achiral, as appropriate. the first compound is (select) and the second compound is
The first compound is achiral and the second compound is chiral.
A molecule is referred to as achiral if it has a plane of symmetry or a center of symmetry. A molecule is referred to as chiral if it lacks a plane of symmetry or a center of symmetry. As compound 1 possesses a plane of symmetry due to the presence of both OH groups at equatorial positions (they are on the same side of the cyclohexane ring) so it is achiral. In structure, both OH groups are on the opposing side of the cyclohexane ring. There is neither a plane of symmetry nor a center of inversion. So, compound 2 is chiral.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is attached as an image.
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a sample of hydrogen gas is contained in a balloon. the volume of the balloon is 2.15 l at 15 oc. the temperature is changed until the volume of the balloon is 3.25 l. what is the new temperature of the gas in oc? assume that the pressure remains constant.
162.35 degree celcius is the new temperature of the gas in oc.
What is ideal gas law ?
The ideal gas law (also called the perfect gas law), the relationship between the pressure P, volume V, and temperature T of a gas in the boundary region between low pressure and high temperature. Gas molecules move almost independently. each other.
PV = nRT, where n is the number of moles of gas and R is the universal (or perfect) gas constant, 8.31446261815324 joules/kelvin/mol (the universal gas constant is defined as Avogadro's number NA multiplied by Boltzmann's constant k) . ) In the International System of Units, energy is measured in joules, volume in cubic meters (m3), force in newtons (N), and pressure in pascals (Pa). where 1 Pa = 1 N/m2. A force of 1 Newton moving a distance of 1 meter does 1 Joule of work. Therefore, the dimension of both products PV and nRT is work (energy).
Pressure is constant
V1T2 =V2T1
T2=V2T1/V1=162.35 degree C.
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Suppose that the coding region of a gene contains 1,800 base pairs, with 570 in exon 1, with 420 in exon 2, and with 810 in exon 3 (not counting the stop codon). A protein in a splice variant of this gene in which exon 2 was spliced out would be composed of _________ amino acids.
Suppose that the coding region of a gene contains 1,800 base pairs, with 570 in exon 1, with 420 in exon 2, and with 810 in exon 3 (not counting the stop codon).
Protein in a splice variant of this gene in which exon 2 was spliced out would be composed of 460 amino acids.
What is Coding region ?The section of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for proteins is referred to as the coding region of a gene, often known as the coding sequence (CDS).
Coding RNAs are mRNAs that produce protein 1, which is used to make a variety of things like enzymes, cell structures, and signal transducers. Without encoding proteins, non-coding RNAs regulate biological processes.
The coding region of a gene is the second area that is frequently altered in transgenes. The coding information that specifies the amino acid sequence of the protein to be synthesized is located in this area. The protein's form and hence its function are determined by the amino acid sequence.
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an imaginary planet was just discovered that has a similar environment to our planet earth. all the chemistry is similar except for the values of bond energies. use the planet's given bond energies to calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the combustion of 1 mole of butane.
The combustion of 1 mole of butane is 4997 KJ/mol.
Solution:
The balanced chemical equation for 1 mol of pentane: -
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 + CO2 ⇒ 5CO2+6H2O
Enthalpy of reaction = Enthalpy of products - Enthalpy of reactants
Enthalpy of reactants = (5 C-C bonds)+(12 C-H bond)+(8 O=O bond) = (5×377KJ)+(12×226KJ)+(8×548KJ) = (1885+2712+4384)KJ = 8981KJ
Enthalpy of products = (5×2 C=O bonds)+(6×2 O-H bond) = (10 × 775) KJ + (12 × 519) KJ
= (7750+6228)KJ = 13978 KJ
Enthalpy of reaction = 13978 KJ - 8981 KJ
= 4997 KJ/mol
The warmth of response is the exchange in the enthalpy of a chemical response that occurs at a constant pressure. it is a thermodynamic unit of dimension useful for calculating the quantity of power in line with the mole either released or produced in a reaction. The reaction enthalpy is calculated by subtracting the sum of enthalpies of all of the reactants from that of the products.
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Why is it important to identify the chemical properties of materials? Select all that apply
A. Materials that have a low melting point would be dangerous to use when temperatures are hot.
B. Flammable materials would be dangerous to use near fire.
C. A material's reactivity affects how long it will last under certain conditions.
D. A material's ability to break or bend affects how well it will work for certain uses.
All of the given options are correct and define the chemical properties of materials.
A. Materials that have a low melting point would be dangerous to use when temperatures are hot- Low melting points are very beneficial for a number of reasons, but they also unfavorably have a propensity to be poisonous or radioactive, Low bond energy and non-close packed crystal formations are common characteristics of metal elements with low melting points.
B. Flammable materials would be dangerous to use near fire -Fires are easily started by flammable materials. They can exist as solids, liquids, or gases. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG), paints, varnishes, and lacquers are typical flammable substances encountered in workplaces. Flammable materials present significant
C. A material's reactivity affects how long it will last under certain conditions- The less reactive a reactant is, the more stable it is. This implies that the rate of reaction will be slower the more stable the reactant. 2. Product Stability/Reactivity: The product's formation will be more advantageous the more stable the product is.
D. A material's ability to break or bend affects how well it will work for certain uses. A material's tensile strength, often known as its capacity to withstand being pulled apart by opposing forces, is the maximum tension load it can withstand before breaking. It is the highest strength a metal may acquire during a tension test, also known as ultimate strength.
Hence, all of the given options define chemical properties of materials.
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Consider three 5-l flasks, fixed with pressure gauges and small valves, each contain 4 g of gas at 273 k. Flask a contains h2, flask b contains he, and flask c contains ch4. Compare the flasks contents in terms of the characteristics listed.
Three 5-l flasks fixed with pressure gauges and small valves and each contain 4 g of gas at 273k, flask a contains H2, flask b contains He and and flask c contains CH4.
What is pressure?Force of all the gas particle or wall collisions divided by the area of the wall is called pressure.
a) Rank of pressure:
according to formula PV = nRT and when n = m/Mw
PV = m/Mw * R*T
when we have the same mass m and V volume so P will be proportional to the mole weight M such that when M is smaller, then the pressure will be greater
Given, Mw of H2(A) = 2 g ,Mw of He (B) = 4 g , Mw of CH4(C) = 16 g Pressure is :
(A) > (B) > (c)
B) The rank of average molecular kinetic energy:
K = 3/2 KB T
where K is the average kinetic energy per molecule of gas
KB is Boltzmann's constant
and T is the temperature
from this equation, we know that K only depends on T, and when we have the T constant here for A, B, and C, then the rank of K will be :
A = B = C
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A current is passed through three electrolytic cells connected in series containing solutions of silver trioxonitrate (v), copper (II)tetraoxosulphate (VI) and brine respectively. If 12.7g of copper are deposited in the second electrolytic cell, calculate :
A: the mass of silver deposited in the first cell
B:the volume of chlorine liberated in the third cell at 17°c and 800mmhg pressure.
(Ag=108,cu=63.5,1F=96500c,GMV of gas at S.T.P=22.4dm^3)?
Answer: check out the image
Explanation: check out the image
a buffer solution contains 0.418 m ammonium bromide and 0.242 m ammonia. if 0.0556 moles of sodium hydroxide are added to 225 ml of this buffer, what is the ph of the resulting solution ? (assume that the volume does not change upon adding sodium hydroxide)
pH of the buffer solution is obtained by Henderson's hasselbalch equation.
Buffer solution is water based solution which consists of a mixture containing a weak acid and a conjugate base of the weak acid.or a weak base and conjugate acid of a weak base.it is a mixture of weak acid and a bae.
The pH of the buffer solution is determined by the expression of the Henderson hasselbalch equation.
pH=pKa + log[(A-)/(HA)]
Where, pKa =dissociation constant
A- = concentration of the conjugate base
[HA]= concentration of the acid
Here, a buffer solution contains 0.418 m of ammonium bromide and 0.242 of ammonia, if 0.0556 moles of sodium hydroxide is added to the225 ml of the buffer.
Initial mole of NH4+ = 0.418m .0.250l=0.104m
Initial mole of NH3= 0.242m .0.250l=0.060m
After addition of 0.0556m of sodium hydroxide, the final mole of NH4 becomes 0.66 and the final mole of NH3 becomes 0.61m.
Final NH4+ = 0.66m/0.225L=2.93 m/l
Final NH3 = 0.61m/0.225l=2.71m/l
Putting all the values in the Henderson hasselbalch equation we find the pH of the buffer solution.
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HELP FAST!!!!!!!!!!!!! Acetic acid systematically named ethanoic acid is an acidic, colorless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula C2H4O2.
After adding 5-8% of acetic acid in water it becomes vinegar and is mostly used as preservatives in pickles.
The adjacent figure shows Lewis structure for acetic acid.
Indicate the number of sigma and pi bonds in the adjacent figure. State the meaning of sigma and pi bonds.
In acetic acid molecule, there are seven sigma bonds and one pi bond.
What are sigma and pi bonds?We know that the chemical bonds that are found in a substances are responsible for the joining of the atoms of the substance together. This implies that a bond is said to be formed any time that two atoms have been joined together in a molecule.
In this case, we have a molecule of acetic acid. There are several bonds that are formed as the atoms that form the acetic acid are being joined together. These bonds fall into two categories, the sigma bonds and the pi bonds.
The sigma bond are the bonds that are single bonds while the pi bonds are the bonds that are multiple bonds, we can know the sigma and the pi bonds by a close examination of the molecule as shown.
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The gallium in the image is melting in the person's hand. Which
changes will occur on a microscopic level?
O The gallium atoms will gain potential energy, moving
freely from each other.
O The gallium atoms will increase in temperature,
O The gallium atoms will be moving faster on average.
O The gallium atoms will gain kinetic energy.
The gallium metal melt in a person's hand because the gallium atoms will increase in temperature at its melting point.
What is melting point?
The melting point also called as liquefaction is the process by which the solid substance turns into liquid upon giving heat energy. There is equilibrium established between the solid and liquid phase during melting of a substance.
The gallium metal has low melting point and upon touching a person's hand the atoms heat up and there is increase in temperature which is enough to melt it. The atoms heat up and liquify as it reaches its melting point.
Therefore, when the gallium metal is kept on a person's hand the atoms heat up and melt upon reaching its melting point.
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Which of the following is not required in the synthesis of fatty acids?
A) Acetyl-CoA
B) Biotin
C) HCO3- (CO2)
D) Malonyl-CoA
E) NADH
NADH is not required in the synthesis of fatty acids.
What are fatty acids?Fаtty аcids аre cаrboxylic аcids thаt аre structurаl components of fаts, oils, аnd аll other cаtegories of lipids, except steroids.
Acetyl-CoA is a precursor for the biosynthesis of fatty acids.Biotin is аn importаnt cofаctor for cаrboxylаse enzymes. Аs the nаme sounds, these enzymes аdd cаrboxylic аcid groups (-COOH) to whаtever compound they аct on. In fаtty аcid synthesis, biotin is required by the enzyme thаt forms mаlonyl CoА from аcetyl-CoА.HCO3- (CO2) is required for fatty acid synthesis in extracts from the avian liver.Malonyl coenzyme A (CoA) regulates fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting mitochondrial uptake of fatty acids.Thus, the correct option is E.
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The following text comes from a propane distributor's sales catalog.
Which of the following postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of gases does propane contradict?
Propane exists as a gas at standard pressure and
temperatures above -44°C. However, at high pressure or
lower temperatures, propane exists as a liquid.
O
A Molecules move in straight lines until they collide with the container or other molecules.
O B. Interactions among molecules, with the exception of collisions, are negligible.
O
C. The molecules of a gas are in constant, random motion.
O
D.
The average kinetic energy of the gas depends only on its temperature.
Answer:
c.the molecules of a gas are in constant random motion
When lead (II) nitrate is heated the following reaction occurs:
2Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
If 3.31g of lead(II) nitrate are heated in a test tube until no further reaction takes place, calculate the decrease in mass of the contents of the tube.
The decrease in mass of the contents of the tube is 6.62 grams.
What is chemical reaction?Chemical reaction is defined as the processes that transform a material or substances chemically to create a new substance or substances with completely different qualities. When atoms' chemical bonds are established or ruptured, chemical processes take place.
Decomposition is defined as one reactant splits into two or more products in a chemical process. Lead nitrate breaks down into hazardous chemicals lead oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen when heated. As lead nitrate breaks down, lead oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen are produced.
The mass can be expressed as
Mass = volume x density
The decreases in mass
= 3.31g x 2
= 6.62 g
Thus, the decrease in mass of the contents of the tube is 6.62 grams.
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suppose a compound is involved in three different reactions denoted r1, r2, and r3. tripling the concentration of this reactant in all three reactions causes the rates of reaction to increase by factors of 3, 9, and 1, respectively. what is the order of each reaction with respect to this reactant?
Following is the order of the reactions: R1 = 1, R2 = 2, and R3 = 0.
What does the term "response" mean?Resistance or antagonism to an energy, influence, or movement is a reactionary act, process, or occurrence. especially: a reaction to a particular treatment, circumstance, or stimulus; leaning toward a past and typically antiquated political or social system or policy.
What does the word "reaction" signify in chemistry?Chemical reaction is the transformation of one or more substances—the reactants—into one or more additional substances—the products. Elements or chemical substances help compensate compounds. In a chemical process, the electrons that make it up the reagents are rearranged to create multiple products.cts.
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9.8g of sodium hydroxide is added is 9.8g of sulphuric acid
a) what is the number of sodium hydroxide moles used?
b) what is the number of sulphuric acid moles used?
calculate the energies of the states of the hydrogen atom with n=2 and n=3, and calculate the wavelength of the photon emitted by the atom when an electron makes a transition between these two states
The energies of the states of the hydrogen atom with n=2 and n=3, and the wavelength of the photon emitted by the atom is 656 nm.
The energy of the states of the hydrogen atom is given :
En = - ( 13.6 / n² ) eV
for n= 2 , it is given as :
En = - ( 13.6 / n² ) eV
En = - ( 13.6 / 2² ) eV
for n = 3 , it is given as :
En = - ( 13.6 / 3² ) eV
the electron jump between these two state the energy of photon emitted is :
E = | -3.4 eV - ( - 1.52 eV |
= 1.89 eV
the energy of photon is given as :
E = h c / λ
λ = h c / E
λ = ( 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s× 3 × 10⁸ m/s ) / 1.89 × 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ J
λ = 656 nm
Thus, The energies of the states of the hydrogen atom with n=2 and n=3, and the wavelength of the photon emitted by the atom is 656 nm.
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3. When 100 cm³ of 1.00 mol dm sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq), is added to 100 cm³ of 1.00 mol
dm hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), the temperature increases from 19.3 °C to 26.1 °C.
Determine the enthalpy change of neutralization for the reaction.
From the calculation, the enthalpy of the reaction is -56.8 kJ/mol.
What is the enthalpy of the reaction?We know that the enthalpy has to do with the energy that may have been absorbed or evolved in a reaction. We know that in the case of the reaction that we have, the reaction occurs as follows; [tex]NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ---- > H_{2} O(l) + NaCl[/tex]
The we have the following;
Number of moles acid = 1 M * 100/1000 = 0.1 moles
Number of moles of the base = 1 M * 100/1000 = 0.1 moles
In this case the reacting moles of the acid and the base are equal
Mass of the acid solution = 100 g
Mass of the base solution = 100 g
Total mass of the solution = 200 g
We then have the heat as;
H = mcdT
m = mass of the solution'
c = Heat capacity of the solution
dT = temperature change
Now;
H = 200 * 4.18 * (26.1 - 19.3)
H = 5.68 kJ
Then the enthalpy of the reaction is; -(5.68 kJ)/0.1 moles
= -56.8 kJ/mol
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when a compound donates (loses) electrons, that compound becomes blank. such a compound is often referred to as an electron donor.target 1 of 6 2. when a compound accepts (gains) electrons, that compound becomes blank. such a compound is often referred to as an electron acceptor.target 2 of 6 3. in glycolysis, the carbon-containing compound that functions as the electron donor is blank.target 3 of 6 4. once the electron donor in glycolysis gives up its electrons, it is oxidized to a compound called blank.target 4 of 6 5. blank is the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in glycolysis.target 5 of 6 6. the reduced form of the electron acceptor in glycolysis isblank.target 6 of 6
when a compound donates (loses) electrons, that compound becomes Oxidized. such a compound is often referred to as an electron donor.
when a compound accepts (gains) electrons, that compound becomes Reduced. such a compound is often referred to as an electron acceptor.
in glycolysis, the carbon-containing compound that functions as the electron donor is Glucose.
once the electron donor in glycolysis gives up its electrons, it is oxidized to a compound called Pyruvate
5. NAD⁺ is the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in glycolysis.
6. the reduced form of the electron acceptor in glycolysis is NADH
A substance is said to be oxidized when it loses electrons, loses hydrogen, or receives oxygen.
However, the opposite happens with reduction. In other words, when a substance gains electrons, gains hydrogen, or loses oxygen, it is said to be reduced.
A substance that itself is reduced to oxidize another substance is called an oxidizing agent. Redox reactions occur simultaneously. That is, when one substance is oxidized, only another substance is reduced.
During glycolysis, the six-carbon compound glucose (C6H12O6) loses electrons and is finally converted to a three-carbon compound known as pyruvate (CH3COCOOH). In this process, an oxidant called NAD+ receives electrons and is itself reduced to NADH.
The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, while the chemical formula for pyruvate is CH3COCOOH. Looking at their chemical formulas, it is easy to see that glucose has lost hydrogen compared to pyruvate. That means that glucose has been oxidized. Glucose has 12 hydrogens for 6 carbons, but pyruvate has only 4 hydrogens for 3 carbons. This means that glucose was oxidized in the process because the molecule produced, pyruvate, has relatively few hydrogens.
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