The change in the reservoir, the system or device, and the surroundings are added to determine the overall entropy change. The reservoir's entropy change is. Since entropy is a function of state and we are contemplating a complete cycle (return to initial state), the device's entropy change is zero.
For finite variations at constant T, entropy changes (S) are calculated using the relation G=ΔH - TΔS.
The generation, consumption, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy across physical systems is the focus of the thermal engineering field of study known as heat transfer. Different heat transmission techniques, including thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and energy transfer by phase changes, are categorized.
Conduction is the process through which heat is transported from an object's hotter end to its colder end. Heat naturally transfers from a hotter body to a colder body.
For instance, heat is transferred from the hotplate of an electric stove to the bottom of a saucepan that comes into touch with it.
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He used an exquisitely sensitive balance to measure the force between two lead spheres whose centers were 0.23 m
m
apart. One of the spheres had a mass of 178 kg
k
g
, while the mass of the other sphere was 0.63 kg
k
g
.
The gravitational force exerted by the lighter sphere will be proportional to its lighter weight will be 2.24 * 10⁻⁷
The word "force" has a clear definition. At this level, calling a force a push or a pull is entirely appropriate. A force is not something an object "has in it" or that it "contains." One thing experiences a force from another. There is no distinction between living and non-living things in the concept of a force.
The force of attraction between any two bodies is directly inversely correlated to the square of the distance between them and is directly inversely correlated to the product of their masses, according to Newton's universal law of gravitation.
F = GM₁M₂ / R² --- (1)
W = M₁g ------ (2)
equation (1) is divided by equation (2)
⇒ F / W = GM₁M₂ / R²*M₁g
⇒ F / W = (6.67 * 10⁻¹¹ * 178) / (0.23)² = 2.24 * 10⁻⁷
Therefore, the ratio of the gravitational force between these spheres to the weight of the lighter sphere will be 2.24 * 10⁻⁷
COMPLETE QUESTION: The gravitational constant G was first measured accurately by Henry Cavendish in 1798. He used an exquisitely sensitive balance to measure the force between two lead spheres whose centers were 0.23 m apart. One of the spheres had a mass of 178 kg, while the mass of the other sphere was 0.63 kg. What was the ratio of the gravitational force between these spheres to the weight of the lighter sphere?
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A worker drops a wrench from the top of a tower 101.3 m tall. What is the velocity when the wrench strikes the ground?
It is now 10:29 a.m., but when the bell rings at 10:30 a.m. Suzette will be latefor French class for the third time this week. She must get from one side of theschool to the other by hurrying down three different hallways. She runs downthe first hallway, a distance of 35.0 m, at a speed of 3.50 m/s. The secondhallway is filled with students, and she covers its 48.0-m length at an averagespeed of 1.20 m/s. The final hallway is empty, and Suzette sprints its 60.0-mlength at a speed of 5.00 m/s. a) Does Suzette make it to class on time or doesshe get detention for being late again? b) Draw a distance vs. time graph ofthe situation.
Answer:
a) She get detention for being late again
Explanation:
First, we need to identify how much time does she take on each hallway.
With the distance and the speed, we can calculate the time as:
t = distance/speed
So, for each hallway, we get:
First hallway:
distance = 35 m
speed = 3.5 m/s
time = 35/3.5 = 10s
Second Hallway
distance = 48 m
speed = 1.2 m/s
time = 40s
Third Hallway
distance = 60 m
speed = 5 m/s
time = 60/5 = 12 s
Therefore, the total time that she takes was
10s + 40s + 12s = 62s
Since she takes more than 60 seconds, she will be late again.
Finally, we know that she takes 10s to run a distance of 35m, then another 40s to run a distance of 48 m, and another 12s to run a distance of 60 m. Therefore, the distance vs. time graph for this situation is
Which atoms were cations?
Alkali and alkaline earth metals invariably produce cations.
What kind of compounds are cations?Calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), and hydrogen (H+) are a few examples of cations.
What does common cation mean?Positively charged ions are referred to as cations. Less electrons than protons make up cations. An ion can be made up of a single atom of an element (a monatomic ion, monatomic cation, or monatomic anion) or many atoms that are chemically connected to one another (a polyatomic ion or polyatomic cation or anion)
Alkali and alkaline earth metals always create cations, whereas halogens always produce anions. Most nonmetals normally create anions, while the majority of other metals typically produce cations (such as iron, silver, and nickel) (e.g. oxygen, carbon, sulfur)
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Given three electrically charged spheres A,B and C. Sphere A is brought near Sphere B and both are attracted to each other electrically. Sphere B is brought near Sphere C and both repel each other electrically. What happens when Sphere A is brought near Sphere C? A)electrical repulsion B)both attraction and repulsion C)electrical attraction D)neither attraction nor repulsion E)nothing
Given
Three electrically charged spheres A,B and C. Sphere A is brought near Sphere B and both are attracted to each other electrically. Sphere B is brought near Sphere C and both repel each other electrically.
To find
What happens when Sphere A is brought near Sphere C?
Explanation
Sphere A and sphere B are attracted to each other.
Thus, both A and B are of opposite charge.
Let A be a positive charge and B be a negative charge.
When sphere B is brought near sphere C both repel.
Thus, sphere C is also of negative charge.
So A and C are then of opposite charges and would both attract each other.
Conclusion
When sphere A is brought near sphere then C)electrical attraction occurs.
Find the direction of the sum
of these two vectors:
16.3 m
7.70 m
20.0°
magnitude (m)
A
27.8°
The resultant of the two given vectors with magnitudes 16.3 m and 7.7 m at an angle of 137.8 degree is equal to 23.87 meters.
What is the parallelograms law of vector addition?
If two vectors are acting simultaneously at a point, then it can be represented both in magnitude and direction by the adjacent sides drawn from a point.
What is the trigonometric ratio?
Trigonometric Ratios are defined as the values of all the trigonometric functions based on the value of the ratio of sides in a right-angled triangle. The ratios of sides of a right-angled triangle with respect to any of its acute angles are known as the trigonometric ratios of that particular angle.
Given:
Vector 1 of magnitude 7.7 m at an angle of 27.8 degree to x-axis.
vector 2 of magnitude 16.3 m at an angle of 20 degree to minus y axis.
Using the law of parallelogram vector addition
i.e.
resultant vector = √((v₁) ² + (v₂) ² + 2 × v₁ × v₂ × cos (angle between two vectors))
substituting given value in parallelogram vector addition we get,
resultant vector = √ (570)
resultant vector = 23.87 meters
therefore, the resultant of the two given vectors with magnitudes 16.3 m and 7.7 m at an angle of 137.8 degree is equal to 23.87 meters.
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Answer:
11.79
Explanation:
Find the magnitude of the force F exerted by the leg on the small pulley. (By Newton's third law, the small pulley exerts an equal and opposite force on the leg.) Let the mass m be 2.27 kg.
The magnitude of the force F exerted by the leg on the small pulley is, F = 38.53 N
We can calvulate the magnitude of the force by a mathematical calculation, which is as follows. As the small pulley and mass are not moving, they are stationary.
t2=t1 = mg = (2.27)(9.8)
= 22.246 N
Now resolve the force in the opposite direction.
F = 2Tcos30°
F = (2)(22.246)(cos30°)
F = 38.53 N
Therefore, the magnitude of the force is 38.53 N.
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40. 41. Two dentical springs are used to support a load of 80 N as shown below. 80 N If each spring extends by 12 cm, determine the spring's constant in N/m.
The spring constant for a spring with load of 80 N and which extends by 12 cm is -333.34 N/m for each springs.
What is spring constant?
According to Hooke's Law, when a spring is stretched, the force applied is proportional to the lengthening from the equilibrium length. The formula k = -F/x, where k is the spring constant, can be used to get the spring constant. F stands for force, and x for the variation in spring length.
The spring constant is calculated by dividing the force required to stretch or compress a spring by the lengthening or shortening of the spring. It is used to identify whether a spring is stable or unstable, and consequently, what system it should be employed in.
According to Hooke's law
k = -F/x
Where, k = spring constant
F = force,
x = variation in spring.
As given in the question,
There are two springs which support 80 N force so one will support 40 N
F = 40 N, x = 12 cm, k needs to be found out
putting the values in Hooke's law,
we get, k = -333.34 N/m
Therefore, the spring constant here is -333.34 N/m for each springs
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Which of the following could be considered inertial frames of reference?1- A train speeding up to 54 m/s2- Both A & C3- A train traveling with a constant velocity of 54 m/s4- A train at rest
To determine if a frame is an inertial frame we just need to remember that they can only be at rest or moving with constant speed. Therefore, the inertial frames in this case are:
A train traveling with a constant velocity of 54 m/s
A train at rest
Earth has a radius R of about 6.37 × 106 m. How many watts of power does Earth receive from the sun? Remember that even though the Earth is a sphere, its image with respect to the sun is a circle — in other words, Earth's shadow is circular, meaning that it captures a ‘circular amount’ of light. Use the observed value of S = 1361 W/m2.
If the earth has a radius R of about 6.37 × 10⁶ m, then the power received by the earth would be 2.722 × 10¹⁰ watts.
What is power?
The rate of doing work is known as power. The Si unit of power is the watt.
Power =work/time
As given in the problem Earth has a radius R of about 6.37 × 10⁶ m.
Area of the earth assuming it is a circle = 3.14 × 6.37 × 10⁶
= 2 × 10⁷ meter²
The power received by the earth = 2 × 10⁷ × 1361
= 2.722 × 10¹⁰ watts
Thus, the power received by the earth would be 2.722 × 10¹⁰ watts.
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The radioactive isotope 14C has a half-life of approximately 5715 years. Now there are 50g of 14C.(1) How much of it remains after 1600 years? (Round your answer to three decimal places.) g Tries 0/99(2) How much of it remains after 16000 years? (Round your answer to three decimal places.) g Tries 0/99
Given
The half life is T=5715 years
The initial amount is N=50 g
To find
1) How much of it remains after 1600 years?
(2) How much of it remains after 16000 years?
Explanation
The amount of carbon remains after t yaers is
[tex]N^{\prime}=N(\frac{1}{2})^{\frac{t}{T}}[/tex]1. Thus putting t=1600 years
[tex]\begin{gathered} N^{\prime}=50(\frac{1}{2})^{\frac{1600}{5715}} \\ \Rightarrow N^{\prime}=41.208\text{ g} \end{gathered}[/tex]2.Putting t=16000
[tex]\begin{gathered} N^{\prime}=50(\frac{1}{2})^{\frac{16000}{5715}} \\ \Rightarrow N^{\prime}=7.184\text{ g} \end{gathered}[/tex]Conclusion
1.Amount remains after 1600 year is 41.208 g
2.Amount remains after 16000 year is 7.184 g
A pot holds water. The water and pot and air are all at the same temperature, therefore no heat is being transferred. Which law of thermodynamics supports this statement?
According to the zeroth law of thermodynamics, no heat is transferred between the two objects if both the objects are at the same temperature.
Thus, no heat transfer between the water, pot, and air occurs according to the zeroth law of thermodynamics.
Hence, the zeroth law of thermodynamics is the correct answer.
When exercising in the heat, you should __________.
A.
wear tight-fitting clothes to absorb your sweat
B.
dress in layers
C.
choose dark colored clothing
D.
vary the intensity and duration of the exercise
Please select the best answer from the choices provided.
When exercising in the heat, you should wear tight - fitting clothes to absorb your sweat, therefore the correct answer is option A.
What is exercise?Exercise is a physical activity that involves bodily movement that improves a person's health, fitness, and well-being while lowering their chance of contracting illnesses.
Dressing in layers is useful in extreme cold conditions and extremely cold weather.
Dark-colored clothing absorbs more heat as compared to light - colored clothing.
When exercising in the heat, you should wear tight-fitting clothes to absorb your sweat, therefore the correct answer is option A.
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From the third rule you know that if a rope passes over a pulley, the tension in the rope is unaffected. With this observation in mind, what is the magnitude of the tension in the second rope? Add the forces acting on the block to find the magnitude, T2 , of the tension in rope 2
Answer:F - mB g
Explanation: If two objects are connected by a rope, the tension is the same at both ends. Thus, the same magnitude T2 pulls both the block and the weight.
Fill in the blank question.
To send information through verbal speech, ____
cords send information encoded in _____
waves through the air.
To send information through verbal speech, transmitter cords send information encoded in radio waves through the air.
The basic principle is simple. At one end a transmitter encodes or modulates the message by varying the amplitude or frequency of the waves. This is a bit like Morse code. Meanwhile, a receiver tuned to the same wavelength receives the signal and decodes it into the desired format sound image data, etc.
Communications and satellite transmissions. Radio waves travel easily through the air. Radio waves are used for the wireless transmission of sound messages and information for communications, and for maritime and air navigation. Information is applied to an electromagnetic carrier wave as amplitude modulation AM frequency modulation FM or digital form pulse modulation.
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Do two bodies have to be in physical contact to exert a force upon one another?
a) No, the gravitational force is a field force and does not require physical contact to exert
a force.
b) No, the gravitational force is a contact force and does not require physical contact to
exert a force.
c) Yes, the gravitational force is a field force and requires physical contact to exert a force.
d) Yes, the gravitational force is a contact force and requires physical contact force to exert
a force
The correct answer to the statement " Do two bodies have to be in physical contact to exert a force upon one another " is:
No, the gravitational force is a field force and does not require physical contact to exert
a force.
The correct option is a.
Why two bodies do not have to be in physical contact to exert a force upon one another as a result of gravitational force.It has been practically proven that two bodies can exert a force upon each other even if there is no physical contact between them. This can as a result of gravity.
That being said, a magnetic attraction can also exert a force between two different bodies upon one another.
So therefore, it can be deduced from above that two different bodies do not have to be in physical contact before they exert a force upon one another.
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A 55 kg motorcyclist is flying through the air at 72 km/h at the apex of the jump 8.3 m above the ground. Find his landing speed assuming energy is conserved.
Answer: 85.4 km/h
Explanation:
We would apply the law of conservation of kinetic energy. The formula is expressed as
KE1 + PE1 = KE2 + PE2
where
KE1 and KE2 are the initial and final kinetic energies
PE1 and PE2 are the initial and final potential energies
The formula for calculating kinetic energy is
KE = 1/2mv^2
where
m is the mass of the object
v is the velocity
The formula for calculating potential energy is
PE = mgh
where
g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.8m/s^2
h is the height of the object
From the information given,
m = 55
h = 8.3
Potential energy at the top = 55 x 9.8 x 8.3 = 4473.7
At the top, v = 72km/h
Recall, 1 km = 1000m
1 hour = 3600s
72km/h = 72 x 1000/3600 = 20m/s
kinetic energy at the top = 1/2 x 55 x 20^2 = 11000
KE1 + PE1 = 4473.7 + 11000 = 15473.7
At the point of landing,
PE2 =0
KE = 1/2 x 55 x v^2 = 27.5v^2
Thus,
27.5v^2 = 15473.7
v^2 = 15473.7/27.5
v = √(15473.7/27.5)
v = 23.72 m/s
his landing speed is 23.72 m/s
Converting to km/h, we would multiply 23.72 by 18/5
Landing speed = 85.4 km/h
A 150 m long train entered the 450 m long bridge. From the entrance locomotives only after the last wagon passed 10 minutes. At what speed the train was going?
The train was going at the speed of 1m/s on the bridge.
The length L of the bridge is 450m.
The length B of the train is 150m.
After entering the bridge,
The last wagon comes out after it has passed ten minutes.
So, the speed of the train can be found out by using the formula,
Speed = Total Distance/total time
Here, total time is 10 minutes,
We know,
One minute = 60 seconds
10 minutes = 10×60 seconds.
Total time = 600 seconds.
Total distance travelled by the train is (L+B) when it comes out from the bridge,
So, putting all the values,
Speed = (450+150)/600
Speed = 600/600
Speed = 1m/s.
So, the speed of the train is 1m/s.
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Pasagot po need ko na po ng answer yung maayos po sana at yung tamang sagot salmat po. plszz lang po naiiyak na po ako kasi po ang dami ko pa po gagawin ang hirap na po talaga
Answer:
the analysis from are there 331
Match the graph with the correct description of that graph.
A. decreased speed; acceleration
B. at Rest, no motion
C. decreased speed; deceleration
D. increased speed; acceleration
D. increased speed; acceleration is the correct description of that graph.
A distance-time graph: what is it?Shown far an item has come in a certain amount of time is displayed on a distance-time graph. The graph that shows the results of the distance vs time analysis is a straightforward line graph. The Y-axis represents the distance.
A sloping line on a distance-time graph shows that an item is moving. In a distance-time graph, the object's speed is equal to the slope or gradient of the line. The line becomes steeper as the thing goes more quickly (and the greater the gradient).
The horizontal line on a graph of a distance vs time indicates that the item is at rest because the distance does not change over time.
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What do these circuits all have in common?(A)(B)(C)(D)A. They all contain switchesB. They are all AC.They are all DCOC.D. They all contain resistors.
ANSWER:
STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION:
We have the following:
[tex]undefined[/tex]Terrance pulls up at an angle on a rope attached to a crate to move the crate across a horizontal floor. The mass of the crate is 20.6 kilograms, Terrance applies 115 newtons of force at an angle of 26.7 degrees, and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor is 0.349.
a. How hard does the floor push up on the crate?
b. What is the acceleration of the crate?
The floor push up on the crate by a force of 51.75 N and the acceleration of the crate is 4.14m/s².
The angles at which the forces is applied is 26.7°. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor is 0.349. The force applied by terrance is 115 Newton. Total mass of the crate is 20.6 kilograms.
When the force F is applied at an angle A. The force will have two components, one along horizontal, FcosA and one along vertical, FsinA.
As the crate is pulled, the the floor will apply a normal reaction against the crate.
Normal force N is equal to FsinA.
Putting the values,
N = 115×sin(26.7°)
N = 115×0.45
N = 51.75 Newton.
The net acceleration can be calculated as,
Net force on the crate = Ma
Where a is the net acceleration,
Force applied(horizontal) - Friction force = Ma.
FcosA - uN = Ma
Where u is coefficient of friction,
Putting all the values,
115(0.9) - 0.349(51.75)= (20.6)a
103.5 - 18.06 = (20.6)a
a = 4.14m/s².
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220 g of water at 90 °C is added to a certain unknown mass of water at 10 °C The final temperature of the mixture is 33 °C. Calculate the unknown mass of the water.
The unknown mass of water is 545.21
What is mass?
mass is a quantitative measure of inertia , a fundamental property of all matter .
mass depends on the number and kind of atoms.
It is a dimensionaless quantity.
Sol-
As per the given question
220 g of water added to 90°c
Mass of water=10°C
Tempreture of the mixture =33°C
Unknown mass
m1 (n-t)= m2(t-b)
220(90-33)=m2(33-10)
:- (we can also do multiple of cp but as both side of the cp fluid unit are same so it's not needed)
220×57=m2 (23)
m2= 220×57/23
m2 =545.21
Thus the unknown mass of water is 545.21 .
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Two ropes are pulling on a skater and they exert forces on her as shown. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the total force exerted by the ropes on the skater. with a force of 30N and an angle of 30
Magnitude of total force is found to be 54N.
30 N force is acting at 30° ,then the component in x direction is 30 cos(30°) = 25.98 N
Now the component in y direction = 30 sin(30°) = 15 N
Second, 40 N force is acting at -50°
So, the component in x direction is 40 cos(-50°) = 25.71 N
Also ,the component in y direction = 40 sin(-50°) = -30.64 N
Total force in x direction = 25.98 + 25.71 N = 51.69 N and the total force in y direction = 15 – 30.64 N = -15.64 N
Now the, Magnitude of total force is given by,
( 51.692 + 15.642) 1/2 = 54N.
The total number of forces exerted on an object is the force’s magnitude. The strength of a force increases when all forces are acting in the same direction. As a force is applied to an item from multiple angles, its strength diminishes. Force is a vector quantity since it has a magnitude and a direction.
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A 100 N force acts at a 90 degrees and a 60 N force acts at 150 degrees. Determine the magnitude and direction (include angle) of the resultant. Scale is 1cm = 10 N
HELPPP ASAPPPPP
The magnitude of the force is found to be 140N.
Force (F1)acting on θ1(90°) is 100N
Force (F2)acting on θ2(150°) is 60N
Therefore the angle between F1 and F2 is
θ2-θ1 = 150°-90° =60°
Now we calculate magnitude of force ,
Magnitude of force ,F= F1+F2
F. F = [tex]\sqrt{ ( F1+F2). (F1+F2) }[/tex]
|F|² = [tex]\sqrt{F1 ²+F2 ²+F1 F2 COS θ}[/tex]
F= [tex]\sqrt{ 100²+60²+2×100×60× cos60°}[/tex]
F= [tex]\sqrt{10000+3600+6000}[/tex]
F= [tex]\sqrt{19600}[/tex]
F= 140N.
Thus, the magnitude of force is found to be 140N.
The total amount of forces exerted on an object is referred to as the magnitude of the force. The strength of the force increases when all the forces are pulling in the same direction. When forces are exerted on an item from different angles, the force’s strength reduces.
There is magnitude and direction to force. When two forces of equal size are working in opposite directions one in the east and the other in the west the results of the two forces are not the same.
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A 4.5-m-wide swimming pool is filled to the top. The bottom of the pool becomes completely shaded in the afternoon when the sun is 20° above the horizon.Part AHow deep is the pool?
ANSWER
[tex]4.5\text{ }m[/tex]EXPLANATION
First, let us make a sketch of the problem:
where r = angle of refraction
d = depth of the pool
First, we have to find the angle of refraction, r, by applying Snell's law:
[tex]\frac{n_1}{n_2}=\frac{\sin r}{\sin i}[/tex]where n1 = incident refractive index = 1
n2 = refracted index = 1.33
i = angle of incidence = 70°
Therefore, solving for r, we have that:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \frac{1}{1.33}=\frac{\sin r}{\sin70} \\ \\ \sin r=\frac{\sin70}{1.33}=0.7065 \\ \\ r=\sin^{-1}(0.7065) \\ r=45.0\degree \end{gathered}[/tex]Now, we can solve for the depth of the pool by applying trigonometric ratios for right triangles for tangent:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \tan45=\frac{4.5}{d} \\ \\ d=\frac{4.5}{\tan45} \\ \\ d=4.5m \end{gathered}[/tex]That is the depth of the pool.
Which phrase is an example of kinetic energy?
a spring has a constant of 80 N/m. How much energy is stored in the spring when it is compressed 0.2 m past its natural length?
The amount of energy stored in the spring, given it has a spring constant of 80 N/m is 1.6 Joules
How to determine the energy stored in the springFirst, we shall list out the given parameters from the question. This is shown below:
Spring constant (K) = 80 N/mCompression (e) = 0.2 mEnergy stored (E) = ?The energy stored in the spring, given the above data can be obtained as follow:
E = ½Ke²
E = ½ × 80 × 0.2²
E = 40 × 0.04
E = 1.6 Joules
Thus, from the above calculation, we can conclude that the energy stored is 1.6 Joules
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Set the cannon to have an initial speed of 20 m/s. For which situation do you think the cannon ball will go father: if it is set at a 25-degree angle, or if it is set at a 35-degree angle?
Question 1 options:
35 degrees
25 degrees
The cannon would go further if it is projected at 35 degrees.
What is the range of the projectile?The term range has to do with the horizontal distance that is covered by the projectile. We know that the formula for the range of the projectile is;
R = u^2sin2θ//g
R - range of the projectile
θ = the angle of the projection
g = acceleration due to gravity
In the first case;
R = (20)^2sin2(35)/9.8
R = 38.4 m
In the second case;
R = (20)^2sin2(25)/9.8
R = 31.3 m
We would now have to compare the range of the two projectiles.
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A boy is sitting on the outside edge of a merry go round. If the angular velocity id doubled, then the linear speed of the boy will be
If the angular velocity id doubled, then the linear speed of the boy will be doubled.
As we know,
If a body is rotating in a circular path, it will have an angular as well as linear velocity.
The angular velocity is responsible for rotation and the linear velocity is responsible for changing the direction in a circular manner.
The angular velocity W is related to the linear velocity V as,
W = V/R
Let us say this is equation 1,
Where R is the radius of the merry go round,
Now if the angular velocity is doubled,
W' = V'/R
Let us say this is equation 2.
On dividing equation 1 and 2,
W/W' = V/V'
As we know, W' = 2W.
1/2 = V/V'
V' = 2V.
The linear velocity will increase by a factor of 2.
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