select the single best answer. halogens are not the only atoms or groups that can be replaced by nucleophilic aromatic substitution as the following reaction shows. h512p601 what is the leaving group in this reaction? (formal charges have been intentionally omitted.) h512p60c h512p60b h512p60a

Answer:

im pretty sure its Phosphorus triiodide

A sample of an ideal gas at 12.4 atm and 15.0 l is allowed to expand against a constant pressure 3.00 atm at a constant temperature.  -13.2kJ  is the work done (in kj) by the expanding gas.

Since the heat energy created during a state change is used up by altering the state of matter as well as by breaking many bonds or attractive forces, the temperature of any substance stays constant during the process.

Isothermal processes are defined as those that occur at constant temperature. There are many isothermal processes that are used often. At constant temperatures, the working fluid undergoes a change in phase during the boiling and condensing processes.

That's right; using Boyle's Law to determine V2 requires P2, which is based on the constant external pressure of 2.00 atm.

But after that, you must look for a job. w= P(ΔV)

Constant pressure = 3.00 atm

Since the gas is releasing energy, our pressure is negative in this situation.

Consequently, w= -2.00atm*(65L)= -130Latm

But because the inquiry requests working in kJ, it must first be transformed to J before kJ.

-13.169J/1000J/kJ = -130L/atm (101.3J/L/atm)

So the final answer is -13.2kJ .

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The mass of NaCl required ( in grams) to make the aqueous solution is 1.287 g.

What is molecular mass? How do you calculate molecular mass?

A molecule's mass is the sum of the masses of all the atoms it contains. As it is the total mass of all the atoms in a molecule, it is calculated below

The molecular mass of NaCl = Atomic mass of Na + Atomic mass of Cl

                                               = 23 + 35.5

                                               = 58.5g/mol

Given the volume of aqueous solution = 120.4 ml or 0.1204 L

Molarity of solution = 0.183M

We know that,

Molarity = No. of moles/Volume

No. of moles = 0.183 × 0.1204

                      =  0.022 moThe molar.

Molar mass of NaCl = Mass of Na + Mass of Cl

                                 = 23 + 35.5

                                 = 58.5g/mol

Mass of NaCl = 0.022 × 58.5

                      = 1.287 g

So, the mass of NaCl required ( in grams) to make the aqueous solution is 1.287 g.

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The volume that a gas will occupy at a volume of 215cm³ and a temperature of 23.5°C is 0.165L.

How to calculate volume?

The volume of a given gas can be calculated using the combined gas law equation as follows:

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Where;

At standard temperature and pressure (STP), the following applies;

0.215 × 0.835/296.5 = 1 × V/273

0.0006055 × 273 = V

V = 0.165L

Therefore, 0.165L is the volume of the gas at STP.

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If the energy produced in an exothermic reaction is released as heat, it results in a rise in temperature.

In exothermic reactions, more energy is launched while the bonds are shaped in the goods that are used to interrupt the bonds inside the reactants. Exothermic reactions are observed with the aid of a boom in the temperature of the reaction combination. If materials react and the temperature of the aggregate will increase, the reaction is exothermic.

A chemical response includes the breaking of bonds within the reactants and the forming of bonds in the goods. It takes power to break bonds. when strength is launched in an exothermic response, the temperature of the response mixture will increase. when electricity is absorbed in an endothermic reaction, the temperature decreases. you could monitor modifications in temperature by placing a thermometer inside the response aggregate.

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The lone pair electron in alcohol undergoes protonation and stabilizes the cation that is present in the oxygen atom. The final product contains both the ether and alcohol functional groups.

The chemical element with the letters O and the atomic number 8 is called oxygen atoms. It belongs to the chalcogen group of the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Chemical elements, or substances with only one sort of atom, include molecular oxygen. An oxygen atom has eight protons in its nucleus, as indicated by its atomic number of 8 and the official chemical symbol O. The manufacture of steel, plastics, and textiles, brazing, welding, and cutting of steel and other metals, rocket propellant, oxygen therapy, and life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight, and diving are just a few common uses for oxygen. Since many organisms use molecular oxygen for respiration, molecular oxygen is necessary for life.

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the molarity of "acidity" in the vinegar is 0.00386 .

What is molarity ?

Molarity (also called molarity, bulk concentration, or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, especially a solute, in solution, expressed as the amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit of molarity is moles per liter, symbolized in SI units as mol/L or mol/dm3. A solution with a concentration of 1 mol/L is called 1 molar, commonly called 1 M.

Molarity or molarity is most commonly expressed in moles of solute per liter of solution. For broader use, it is defined as the amount of solute material per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to a species, and is expressed in lower case.

this %mass means:

basis --> 100 g of solution, then 5 g are vinegar

assume d = 1 g/ml then we have V = 100 ml of solution

m = 5 g of Acetic acid

MW of acteic Acid = 60

mole = mass/MW = 5/60 = 0.08333 mol of acetic acid

By definition

M = mol/V = 0.0833/0.1 = 0.8333 M of Acetic acid

Ka = 1.8*10^-5

Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]

1.8*10^-5 = (x)(x) / (0.8333-x)

x = [h+]

solve for H+

[h+] = 0.00386

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Using prefixes before the name of each element, the number of atoms of each element present in the molecular is indicated.

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Cu3(PO4)2   (Copper (11) Phosphate)

→ Inorganic compound.

→ It is cupric salt of phosphoric acid.

→ Insoluble in water and ethanol.

Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a specified amount of solvent at a specified temperature. Solubility is a characteristic property of a particular solute/solvent combination, and different substances have very different solubilities.

Solubility indicates the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a solvent at a specific temperature. Such a solution is called saturated. Solubility is the formation of new bonds between solute and solvent molecules. In terms of quantity, solubility is the maximum concentration of a solute that will dissolve in a solvent of known concentration at a given temperature.

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The ingredients are classified below as acidic or basic as follows:

Acidic: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Carrageenan, Glycerin, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Eugenol, Sorbitol,

Basic: Calcium carbonate,  Aqua, Silica, Aroma (Flavour), Salvadora persica (Miswak/Al-Arak) extract, Cellulose gum (Sodium Carboxy Methylcellulose), Sodium Silicate, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium saccharin,  

Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions as the only positive ion when dissolved in water.

Acids can also be defined as substances that donate a proton.

Substances that are acidic have a pH of less than 7.

Bases are substances that react with acids to produce salt ad water only.

Bases can also be defined as substances that accept a proton.

Substances that are basic have a pH of less than 7.

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Gases obey the ideal-gas law at high temperatures and low pressures.

What is the ideal gas law?

The equation of state for a hypothetical ideal gas is known as the ideal gas law, sometimes known as the general gas equation. Although it has some restrictions, it is a good approximation of the behavior of numerous gases under various circumstances.

PV = nRT

where,

P = pressure

V = volume

n = amount of substance

R = ideal gas constant

T = temperature

Hence, the gases are expected to obey the ideal gas equation at low pressures and high temperatures.

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As per the given statement the right answer is C, The chemical reaction is in an open system and a gas is being released into the atmosphere.

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

Now ,The Law of Conservation of Mass States that Mass cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only change form.

In a chemical reaction, the sum of the masses of the reactants and products remains unchanged.

So, whenever there is a change in the mass of product it is the result of occurring in the open system and some of its paricle(mass) may escaped in the form of gas or during conversion of state.

Hence, the right answer is C, The chemical reaction is in an open system and a gas is beingreleased into the atmosphere.

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Answer:bond order of one

Explanation:

The dilithium molecule is shown in the final diagram (Li2). The bonding orbital is filled by the 2s electrons rather than the 1s electrons, who are not involved in the bonding. Li2 has a bond order of 1 and is a molecule that is stable in the gas phase.

The number of chemical bonds that exist between two atoms is known as bond order.

Dilithium (Li2)

Bond Number = 2

Bonding electrons = 0 and anti-bonding electrons = 1

The p electrons entirely occupy the bonding orbital without the 1s electrons participating in bonding, leaving the antibonding orbital empty and resulting in a bond order of 1, suggesting a stable molecule (in this case, in the gas phase).

Lithium possesses 3 electrons in its neutral state because of its atomic number. Li2 will also have six electrons. However, the chemical formula we are given (Li2) has a negative charge, hence this compound also contains an additional electron (RED). Consequently, there are 7 electrons in all. The following diagram represents the MOT for this chemical. As seen in the diagram, we have four electrons in bonding molecular orbitals (BMO) and three in anti-bonding molecular orbitals (ABMO)

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The statement that best completes the sentence "whether a substance is a gas, liquid, or solid is dependent on the natural attractive forces between molecules and" is: the kinetic energy of the molecules;

Hence, the correct option is D.

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction that exist between molecules of the same substance that enable the substance to exist in different states of matter.

The stronger the intermolecular forces between the molecules of a substance, the more ordered the particles of the substance will be.

Hence, solids have the strongest intermolecular forces whereas gases have the weakest intermolecular forces.

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The stereoisomers of 2-chloro-5-methyl heptane Iis in the 2 chloro 5 methyl hectare.

In stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism wherein molecules have an equal molecular method and series of bonded atoms, however, fluctuate inside the 3-dimensional orientations in their atoms in area.

Stereoisomers are isomers that fluctuate inside the spatial arrangement of atoms, in preference to the order of atomic connectivity. one in every of their most exciting sort of isomers is the replicate-image stereoisomer, a non-superimposable set of molecules that are a replicate image of one another. Stereoisomers are isomeric molecules with identical chemical formulas but exceptional atomic arrangements. for this reason, they own similar chemical and physical homes.

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The Stanley miller apparatus demonstrated , The new data about the composition of the early atmosphere had which of the following effects on origin-of-life hypotheses : A new organic soup hypothesis was proposed to account for the new data for the atmosphere.

The Stanley miller  hypothesis proposed the evolution of life on the earth. from the several theories the acceptance is on soup theory. The organic soup theory proposed the new data for the atmosphere also called as primordial soup theory.

Thus, The Stanley miller apparatus demonstrated , The new data about the composition of the early atmosphere had which of the following effects on origin-of-life hypotheses : A new organic soup hypothesis was proposed to account for the new data for the atmosphere.

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An aluminum ion will have +3 charge.

The electronic configuration of Aluminum(Al) is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6. This shows that an aluminum has 3 shells from which the outermost shell contains 3 valence electrons. So, the Aluminum has the tendency to loose maximum 3 electrons which gives Al + charge called cation. The atomic number of Al is 13.

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The major product formed when hydrogen chloride reacts with 2−methyl−2−butene proceeds through a tertiary carbo cation intermediate.

An addition reaction occurs when 2 methyl 2 butene and hydrogen chloride are combined. The Markovnickov rule states that the carbon atom with the fewest hydrogen atoms receives the negative part of the addition. As a result, carbon 2 will be increased by the addendum's negative portion.

The carbocation will be carbon-2 as indicated in the figure that is linked to this answer since this reaction proceeds through an ionic mechanism. This carbon atom is the one to which chlorine will finally bond.

A chemical compound known as hydrogen chloride (HCl) contains a polar covalent bond between chlorine and hydrogen atoms.

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If 45.3 ml of a 0.108 M HCL solution is needed to neutralize a solution of KOH, then grams of KOH that  must be present in the solution is 0.274gm.

The amount of a substance present in a certain volume of solution is termed as molarity . It can also be defined as the moles of a solute per liter of solution.

HCL +KOH --->  KCL+ H2O

Molarity= mol solute / L solution

Given volume of HCL= 45.3ml= 0.0453L

concentration = 0.108M

As we know that, No. of moles = concentration * Volume

=0.0453* 0.108

Number of moles=0.0048

Mass = no. of moles*molar mass

Molar mass of KOH = 56.1 g/mol

= 0.00489* 56.1

Grams of KOH= 0.274 gm.

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The molarity and molality of the student's Stilbene solution is 0.72 M and 0.85 m.

Molarity is calculated by the formula - number of moles of solute ÷ volume of solution in litres

Molality is calculated by the formula - number of moles of solute ÷ mass of solvent in kilograms

Molar mass of Stilbene = 180 gram/mole

Number of moles = mass ÷ molar mass

Number of moles = 13 ÷ 180

Performing division

Number of moles = 0.072 mol

Volume of solution= 100 ml

As per the fact, 1000 ml = 1 l

Volume = 0.1 l

Mass of solvent = volume × density

Mass of solvent = 100 × 0.85

Mass of solvent = 85 gm

1000 gm = 1 kg

85 gm = 0.085 kg

Molarity = 0.072/0.1

Molarity = 0.72 M

Molality = 0.072/0.085

Molality = 0.847 m

Molality = 0.85 m

Thus, the molarity and molality is 0.72 M and 0.85 m.

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The complete question is attached in the diagram.

It is a dissociative substitution process.

Write the reaction mechanism

Step 1:

    Ni(CO)₄  →  Ni(CO)₃ + CO

Step 2:

    Ni(CO)₃ + CO + L →  [Ni(CO)₃L

In the first step of the reaction or in the rate-determining step nickel tetracarbonyl dissociates into nickel tricarbonyl and carbon mono oxide. As the first step is the rate-determining step in which dissociation occurs so it is a dissociative mechanism. In the second step phosphines and phosphites replace carbon monoxide at the same rate, in simple words this step is the same for different phosphines and phosphites. This is because it is an SN1 reaction so the second step does not affect the rate of reaction.

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Answer:

Chlorine only needs to make one covalent bond. It has seven e- so it needs one more to make a full octet.

Explanation:

In the nineteenth century, this material became both less costly and more widely available for construction all of the other answers. Option E.

This historic Mycenaean stone building constructed around 1250 BCE, uses a corbeled arch to span the entryway. This architectural production technique includes two uprights and a crossbeam. A vault is an arched overhead shape that provides a space with a ceiling or roof just like the arch the vault has been around seeing ancient instances.

Set-up art is one of the most effective and immersive of all artwork paperwork. In comparison with conventional mediums along with painting and sculpture, set-up artwork is designed to fill complete rooms or maybe whole gallery spaces. however, it become the Romans who created a rigid stable structure that didn't need any external buttresses or help.

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The electron configuration for the following ions using full electronic configuration method is :

a) Li⁺ = 1s²

b) V²⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³

1) the electronic configuration of  Li , the full for , the atomic number is 3 is :

Li = 1s² 2s¹

Li⁺ means one electrons is remove from the last shell.

Li⁺ = 1s²

b) the electronic configuration of Vanadium with atomic number 23 is :

V = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³

V²⁺ means 2 electrons are remove from the last shell of the atom.

V²⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³

Thus, The electron configuration for the following ions using full electronic configuration method is :

a) Li⁺ = 1s²

b) V²⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³

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Many factors make it extremely difficult to analyze patterns in terrorism. Simply said, there is a severe paucity of comparable and trustworthy data, and there is a tendency to compartmentalize analyses to address specific threats, countries, and regions. When the analysis tries to address topics as sensitive as the connections between Islam and terrorism, the issue becomes even worse.

Nearly all of the governments of the engaged nations are actively battling  terrorism, and the majority are allies of Western nations who collaborate closely with the security, armed forces, and anti-terrorist organizations of non-Muslim nations.

Muslims around the world differ greatly not just in terms of their religious beliefs but also in terms of their political and societal philosophies, including how they perceive the government, the law, and human rights; what they believe should be taught in schools; and whether or not they are violent.

Thus, global terrorism has affected the Islam as a religion in the eye of world.

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The relationship between the kinetic energy of particles and the forces of attraction between particles is that if average kinetic energy increases than  the force of attraction then particles will not condensed to form liquid or solid.

If the kinetic energy less than force of attraction between the particle then the particles will tends to form solid or liquid.  the kinetic energy is directly proportional to distance between the particles. The distance between the particles is inversely proportional to  the intermolecular forces.

Thus, The relationship between the kinetic energy of particles and the forces of attraction between particles is that if average kinetic energy increases than  the force of attraction then particles will not condensed to form liquid or solid.

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Endotoxins are also known as: Lipid A. Because the lipid A portion of LPS is the cause of the endotoxin activity.

Lipid A is an endotoxin component responsible for the gram-negative bacteria’s toxicity. The lipid A is the innermost lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is mainly known as an endotoxin molecule. Endotoxin is a toxin from bacterial cells causing diseases as it disrupts humoral and cellular mediation systems as it disintegrates. Exposure to endotoxin can cause chest tightness, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Hence, endotoxins are in fact lipid A.

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The molarity of copper sulfate in the diluted solution if 4 ml of 0.0250 m cuso4 is diluted to 10.0 ml with pure water is 0.02M.

Molarity is defined as the ratio of moles of solute to the volume of solution.

Mathematically,

Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution

Given,

Initial volume of CuSO4 = 4 ml = 4/1000 = 0.004 l

Molarity of CuSO4 = 0.0250 m

By substituting all the values, we get

0.025 = moles/ 0.004

moles = 0.025 × 0.004 = 0.000100 mol

Moles = 0.0001 mol.

Total volume = 0.004 l + 10 ml

= 0.004 + 0.001 = 0.005 l

Moles of CuSO4 = 0.0001 mol

Molarity = 0.0001 / 0.005 = 0.02 M

Thus, we concluded that the molarity of copper sulfate in the diluted solution if 4 ml of 0.0250 m cuso4 is diluted to 10.0 ml with pure water is 0.02M.

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The statement which is not correct about global environment indicator is that global grain production has grown continuously since 1950, but grain production per person has fallen sharply over that time.

Global grain output has increased since 1950 as a result of enhanced irrigation, fertilization, new variety of crops, and other advancements. Global grain production has dropped, but, per person. The increase in the human population is to blame for this. The distribution of enough food per capita declines as the amount of habitats rises.

Therefore, despite a reasonably consistent increase in global grain production since 1950, grain production per person has fallen sharply throughout that time. However, this does not indicate the global environment as do the other options.

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The complete question is:

Which statement regarding a global environmental indicator is NOT correct? (a) Concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been rising quite steadily since the Industrial Revolution. (b) World grain production has increased fairly steadily since 1950, but worldwide production of grain per capita has decreased dramatically over the same period. (c) For the past 130 years, average global surface temperatures have shown an overall increase that seems likely to continue. (d) World population is expected to be between 8 billion and 10 billion by 2050.