The Economic Production Order Quantity for Race One Motors is 626.12.
Economic Production Order Quantity (EOQ) refers to the order quantity that minimizes total holding and ordering costs for a demand and set of costs per unit.
The EOQ formula can be used to calculate the Economic Production Order Quantity.
Race One Motors is an Indonesian car manufacturer that produces subcomponents at a rate of 619 per day at its largest manufacturing facility in Jakarta. It uses these subcomponents at a rate of 22,361 per year (of 250 working days in a year).
Holding costs are $5 per item per year, and ordering (setup) costs are $88 per order.
The Economic Production Order Quantity formula is below:
EOQ = sqrt(2SD / H)Where S is the annual demand, D is the cost of placing an order, and H is the holding cost per unit per year.
The EOQ can be calculated as follows:
EOQ = sqrt(2SD / H)
EOQ = sqrt(2 * 22,361 * 88 / 5)
EOQ = sqrt(391,808)EOQ = 626.12
Therefore, the Economic Production Order Quantity is 626.12.
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Intel provides the following data for 2014:
A/R 600
Inventory 800
Fixed Assets 1,000
A/P 500
Long term debt 900
Common Stock 400
What is the current ratio?
a. 1.2
b. 1.5
c. 2.0
d. 2.8
The current ratio can be calculated by dividing the current assets by the current liabilities. In this case, the current assets are the accounts receivable (A/R) and inventory, which sum up to 600 + 800 = 1,400. The current liabilities are accounts payable (A/P), which is 500. Therefore, the current ratio is 1,400/500 = 2.8 (option d).
The current ratio measures a company's ability to cover its short-term obligations with its current assets. In this scenario, the current assets are 1,400, consisting of accounts receivable (A/R) and inventory. The current liabilities are accounts payable (A/P) with a value of 500. By dividing the current assets by the current liabilities (1,400/500), we get a current ratio of 2.8. This indicates that Intel has 2.8 times more current assets than current liabilities, implying a strong ability to meet short-term financial obligations.
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Supply vs. Demand Variables Most of the Hargreen restaurants in your region are doing very well, but there's one newer location that is underperforming. Since its opening a year ago, profits have been consistently lower than those of comparable locations. You need to figure out why. You ask the manager of that location to send over a report for the estimated production cost of Hargreen's most popular dish: Grilled Vegetable Salad. Once you receive the report, you decide to categorize the variables into two main categories: supply variables and demand variables. Recall the discussion of these variables from Chapter 2, and drag each variable to its appropriate category: Supply or Demand. When you are finished, click the Submit button. Supply Demand Average cost of grains Non-food supply costs/month Average hourly wage Average household income within a 10- mile radius Price of the vegetable salad Rent/month Electricity/month Average cost of produce Population of area Advertising expenditure
The categorization of variables into supply or demand may vary depending on the specific context and industry.
Supply Variables:
- Average cost of grains
- Non-food supply costs/month
- Average hourly wage
- Rent/month
- Electricity/month
- Average cost of produce
- Advertising expenditure
Demand Variables:
- Average household income within a 10-mile radius
- Price of the vegetable salad
- Population of area
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Suppose that you have $1,000 invested in a security that is currently trading a bid price of $0.99 and an offer price of $1.01. If you were to liquidate your position now, what would the cost of liquidation be?
Suppose that you have $1,000 invested in a security that is currently trading a bid price of $0.99 and an offer price of $1.01, the cost of liquidation would be $990
Given: Amount invested =$1,000.
The security is currently trading a bid price of $0.99 and an offer price of $1.01.
To calculate the cost of liquidation, we need to know the current market price of the security. It is the average of the bid and ask prices.
Therefore, the current market price of the security is
(0.99 + 1.01)/2 = $1.00
The cost of liquidation is equal to the amount invested multiplied by the bid price since you would be selling at the bid price.
Cost of liquidation = Amount invested × Bid price
= $1,000 × $0.99
= $990
Therefore, the cost of liquidation would be $990.
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Numerical
Suppose a bond has a maturity of 3 years, annual coupon payments of $5, and a face value of
$100. The risk free interest rate is 4 percent and the bond has a risk premium of 2 percent. Is
the price of the bond higher or lower than the face value? Compute.
The present value of the bond is calculated as follows:$5/1.04 + $5/(1.04)2 + $5/(1.04)3 + $100/(1.04)3= $4.81 + $4.63 + $4.46 + $82.31= $96.21Therefore, the price of the bond is $96.21, which is less than the face value of the bond.
A bond with a maturity of 3 years, annual coupon payments of $5, and a face value of $100 has a risk-free interest rate of 4 percent and a risk premium of 2 percent. The price of the bond is lower than the face value of the bond. This is because the coupon payment of $5 is lower than the required rate of return of 6 percent per year.What is the price of the bond?The present value of the bond is calculated as follows:$5/1.04 + $5/(1.04)2 + $5/(1.04)3 + $100/(1.04)3= $4.81 + $4.63 + $4.46 + $82.31= $96.21Therefore, the price of the bond is $96.21, which is less than the face value of the bond.
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Which security has a higher effective annual interest rate?
a. A 3-month T-bill selling at $97,645 with par value $100,000.
b. A coupon bond selling at par and paying a 10% coupon semiannually.
Why?
A coupan bond's effective yearly interest rate is greater.The price of bonds is significantly influenced by the coupon rate on a bond in comparison to current market interest rates. Bond prices increase when a coupon is more than the current interest rate; prices decrease when a coupon is lower.
Investors are more drawn to bonds with higher coupon rates because they offer higher yields. The total amount of annual coupons paid is added up to determine the coupon rate, which is then divided by the bond's face value. Bonds with lower coupon rates typically have a larger interest rate risk than bonds with higher coupon rates of the same type.The coupon rate is calculated by dividing the annual interest paid by the bond's par value.
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If you are considering moving to a matrixed organization, you will need: 1. both time and budget allocated. 2. strong leadership. 3. both time and strong leadership. 4. time. 5. budget allocated.
If you are considering moving to a matrixed organization, you will need both time and strong leadership. So the right option is(3) both time and strong leadership. 4. time.
What is a matrixed organization. A matrix organization is a company structure in which employees are grouped according to their functional skills or products in cross-functional teams while still reporting to their departmental manager.
There are several reasons why an organization may decide to adopt a matrixed organizational structure, including:Innovative product development. Improved communication between departments. Better utilization of company resources. Improved customer service. The ability to quickly adapt to changing market conditions.
Improved project management.What is the significance of both time and strong leadership when moving to a matrixed organization?When moving to a matrixed organization, both time and strong leadership are crucial. It requires time to implement the necessary changes and to train staff to work in cross-functional teams.
In addition, strong leadership is necessary to ensure that the organization's goals are achieved, that communication between teams is effective, and that employees remain motivated.
Therefore, if you are considering moving to a matrixed organization, you will need both time and strong leadership.
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which kind of crm fits into the category of web analytics
Answer:
im so confused
Explanation:
why an organization might not experience financial improvement after implementing an abc system with hopes of process improvement and cost reductions
An organization might not experience financial improvement after implementing an ABC (Activity-Based Costing) system due to factors such as inaccurate cost allocations, inefficient process implementation, inadequate data analysis, resistance to change, or external market factors affecting revenue and costs.
Implementing an ABC system requires accurate allocation of costs to activities, but if the organization fails to accurately identify and allocate costs, the system may not provide reliable information for decision-making. Additionally, if the organization does not effectively implement process improvements based on the ABC system's insights, the expected cost reductions may not materialize. Insufficient analysis of the data collected from the system can also lead to ineffective decision-making. Furthermore, resistance to change within the organization can hinder the successful implementation of process improvements. Lastly, external factors such as changes in the market, competition, or economic conditions can impact revenue and costs, potentially offsetting any expected financial improvements from the ABC system.
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Assume that the price elasticity of demand is 1 for a certain firm's product. If the firm raises price, the firm's managers can expect total revenue to:
a) decrease
b) increase.
c) remain constant.
If the price elasticity of demand is 1 for a firm's product, it means that the demand for the product is unit elastic. In this case, a price increase will result in a proportionate decrease in quantity demanded, while keeping total revenue constant.
The correct answer is (c) remain constant.
When the price is raised, the quantity demanded will decrease by the same percentage. However, since the price increase and quantity decrease are proportional, the impact on total revenue will be offsetting. The decrease in quantity sold will be compensated by the higher price, resulting in no net change in total revenue.
It's important to note that this conclusion is specific to the assumption of price elasticity being exactly 1. If the price elasticity were different (e.g., elastic or inelastic), the effect on total revenue would vary accordingly.
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You are paying a series of five constant-dollar (or real-dollar) uniform payments of $1,906.76 beginning at the end of first year. Assume that the general inflation rate is 24.01% and the market interest rate is 24.01% during this inflationary period. The equivalent present worth of the project is: Enter your answer as follow: 1234.56
To find the equivalent present worth of the series of five constant-dollar (or real-dollar) uniform payments of $1,906.76 beginning at the end of the first year, we need to calculate the equivalent uniform annual worth (EUAW) using the given information.
The formula for equivalent uniform annual worth (EUAW) is:
EUAW = A [(i + 1)ⁿ - 1] / [i (1 + i)ⁿ]
where, A = uniform series amount
i = interest rate
n = number of payments or years
Given, A = $1,906.76i = 24.01% or 0.2401n = 5 years
The equivalent uniform annual worth (EUAW) can be calculated as follows:
EUAW = 1906.76 [ (0.2401 + 1)⁵ - 1 ] / [0.2401 (1 + 0.2401)⁵]= $7,026.05
The equivalent present worth of the project can be calculated by using the following formula: EPW = EUAW (P/A, i%, n) where,
P/A = present worth factor
i% = interest rate
n = number of payments or years
Given, i% = 24.01% or 0.2401n = 5 years The present worth factor (P/A) for n = 5 and i% = 24.01% or 0.2401 can be calculated using the tables or formulas. The present worth factor is 3.3014. Substituting the values, EPW = 7,026.05 (3.3014)= $23,181.51Therefore, the equivalent present value of the project is $23,181.51.
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Sandhill Corp, has annual sales totaling $1266000 and an average gross profit of 20% of cost. What is the dollar amount of the gross profit? O $316500. O $211000. O $253200 O $189900
Sandhill Corp, has annual sales totaling $1266000 and an average gross profit of 20% of cost Given profit percentage that the Sandhill Corp has annual sales. The correct answer is a. $316500.
Totaling $1266000 and an average gross profit of 20% of cost. We need to determine the dollar amount of the gross profit.
Dollar amount of gross profit: Sales × Gross profit percent Gross profit percent
= 126000
= 34000 gross profit and the average profit of dollars.
= 20/100
= 0.2 Dollar amount of gross profit
= $1266000 × 0.2
= $253200Therefore, the dollar amount of the gross profit is $253200. Hence, the correct option is a. $253200.
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The price that results in quantity supplied equaling quantity demanded is the optimal (best) price because it:
a. maximizes the combined welfare of buyers and sellers
b. maximizes the cost of the seller
c. minimizes the expenditure of buyers
d. all of the above are correct
a. maximizes the combined welfare of buyers and sellers. The price that results in quantity supplied equaling quantity demanded is often referred to as the equilibrium price or market-clearing price.
This price is considered optimal because it achieves a balance between the interests of buyers and sellers in the market.
Option a. states that this price maximizes the combined welfare of buyers and sellers. When quantity supplied equals quantity demanded, it indicates that the market is in a state of equilibrium where there is neither excess supply nor excess demand. At this price, buyers are able to purchase the quantity they desire, and sellers are able to sell their goods or services at a fair value. This equilibrium promotes efficiency and the allocation of resources in a way that maximizes overall welfare.
Options b. and c. are not correct because the optimal price does not aim to maximize the cost of the seller or minimize the expenditure of buyers. Rather, it aims to balance the interests of both parties to achieve a mutually beneficial outcome.
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U = x₁ + x2. P1 = 1 and p2 = 2. Income (m) is 200. The utility optimizing quantity of x₁ is: (write your answer to two decimal places, e.g., 1.23)
The utility optimizing quantity of x₁ is 100.
The utility function is U = x₁ + x₂.
The prices are P₁ = 1 and P₂ = 2.
The income is m = 200.
To optimize utility, we need to allocate the budget in a way that maximizes the utility function while satisfying the budget constraint.
The budget constraint equation is:
P₁x₁ + P₂x₂ = m
Substituting the given values:
1x₁ + 2x₂ = 200
We can rearrange the equation to solve for x₁:
x₁ = (200 - 2x₂) / 1
To find the utility-optimizing quantity of x₁, we need to differentiate the utility function with respect to x₁ and set it equal to zero.
dU/dx₁ = 1 - 0 = 1
Since the derivative is constant and positive, the utility function is maximized when x₁ is maximized.
Now, substitute the value of x₁ into the budget constraint equation and solve for x₂:
1x₁ + 2x₂ = 200
1(100) + 2x₂ = 200
100 + 2x₂ = 200
2x₂ = 100
x₂ = 50
Therefore, the utility-optimizing quantity of x₁ is 100.
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A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 8 5 points Two years ago, the price of a bond was $925.00, and one year ago, the price of the bond was $988.00. Over the past year, the bond paid a total of $62.00 in coupon payments, which were just paid. If the bond is currently priced at $952.00, then what was the rate of return for the bond over the past year (from 1 year ago to today)? The par value of the bond is $1,000. O 2.73 (plus or minus .02 percentage points) O2.63 (plus or minus .02 percentage points) O 11.55 (plus or minus .02 percentage points) O 13.51 (plus or minus .02 percentage points) O None of the above is within .02 percentage points of the correct answer Question 8 of 20 > >> A Moving to another question will save this response. Save Answer Question 8 of 20 > >> →→ Moving to another question will save this response. Question 7 The following table presents information on a potential project currently being evaluated by XYZ. Which assertion about statement 1 and statement 2 is true? Expected cash flows (number of years from today) Cost of capital 1 2 3 4 0 -$74,000.00 $36,000.00 $22,000.00 $34,000.00 $7,000.00 13.00% Statement 1: XYZ would accept the project based on the project's net present value and the NPV rule Statement 2: XYZ would accept the project based on the project's payback period and the payback rule if the payback threshold is 2.94 years O Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is false O Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true O Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false O Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is true A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 7 of 20 5 points Save Answer << Question 7 of 20 >>>>
The rate of return for the bond over the past year (from 1 year ago to today) is 2.63 (plus or minus .02 percentage points) The price of the bond two years ago was $925.00.The price of the bond one year ago was $988.00.
The bond paid a total of $62.00 in coupon payments, which were just paid.The bond is currently priced at $952.00.The par value of the bond is $1,000.The formula to calculate the rate of return of the bond over the past year is as follows:Rate of return = (coupon payment + (ending price - beginning price) / beginning price) * 100
Where coupon payment is the coupon payment received over the past year, ending price is the current price of the bond, and beginning price is the price of the bond one year ago.Substituting the values in the formula, we get:Rate of return = ($62.00 + ($952.00 - $988.00) / $988.00) * 100= 2.63 (plus or minus .02 percentage points)Therefore, the rate of return for the bond over the past year (from 1 year ago to today) is 2.63 (plus or minus .02 percentage points).
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A consumer's utility function is
U = ln x₁ + 2 ln x₂
Find the values of X1 and x2 2x₁ + 3x₂ = 18 which maximise U subject to the budgetary constraint
The consumer's utility function is given by U = ln x1 + 2 ln x2. The problem is to find the values of x1 and x2 which maximize U, subject to the budget constraint given by 2x1 + 3x2 = 18.
Lagrange method will be used to solve the problem:Let L be the Lagrange function:L = ln x1 + 2 ln x2 + λ (18 - 2x1 - 3x2)Here, λ is the Lagrange multiplier.To find the critical points, we take the partial derivatives of L with respect to x1, x2, and λ, and equate them to zero.∂L/∂x1 = 1/x1 - 2λ = 0∂L/∂x2 = 2/x2 - 3λ = 0∂L/∂λ = 18 - 2x1 - 3x2 = 0Solving these equations simultaneously, we get:x1 = 3, x2 = 2, λ = 1/6.
Thus, the values of x1 and x2 that maximize the utility function are x1 = 3 and x2 = 2, subject to the budget constraint 2x1 + 3x2 = 18. The Lagrange multiplier is λ = 1/6.
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Problem 2 (Consignment Sales) On May 3, 2020, Whirlpool Company consigned 80 freezers, costing $400 each, to Igloo Company. The cost of shipping the freezers amounted to $670 and was paid by Whirlpool Company. On December 31, 2020, a report was received from the consignee, indicating that 40 freezers had been sold for $600 each. Remittance was made by the consignee for the amount due after deducting a commission of 5%, advertising of $150, and total installation costs of $260 on the freezers sold. Instructions (a) Compute the inventory value of the units unsold in the hands of the consignee. (4 Points) (b) Compute the profit for the consignor for the units sold. (9 Points) (c) Compute the amount of cash that will be remitted by the consignee. (6 Points)
a) the inventory value of the unsold units in the hands of the consignee is $16,000. b) the profit for the consignor for the units sold is $22,390. c) the amount of cash that will be remitted by the consignee is $22,390.
Answer to the questions(a) To compute the inventory value of the units unsold in the hands of the consignee, we need to determine the cost of the unsold units.
Total cost of consigned freezers = Cost per unit * Number of units
Total cost of consigned freezers = $400 * 80 = $32,000
Since 40 freezers were sold, the number of unsold units is 80 - 40 = 40 units.
Inventory value of unsold units = Cost per unit * Number of unsold units
Inventory value of unsold units = $400 * 40 = $16,000
Therefore, the inventory value of the unsold units in the hands of the consignee is $16,000.
(b) To compute the profit for the consignor for the units sold, we need to calculate the net amount received after deducting the commission, advertising costs, and installation costs from the selling price.
Selling price per unit = $600
Commission = 5% of ($600 * 40) = 0.05 * $24,000 = $1,200
Advertising costs = $150
Installation costs = $260
Profit for the consignor = Selling price - Commission - Advertising costs - Installation costs
Profit for the consignor = ($600 * 40) - $1,200 - $150 - $260 = $24,000 - $1,200 - $150 - $260 = $22,390
Therefore, the profit for the consignor for the units sold is $22,390.
(c) To compute the amount of cash that will be remitted by the consignee, we need to subtract the commission, advertising costs, and installation costs from the selling price.
Remittance amount = Selling price - Commission - Advertising costs - Installation costs
Remittance amount = ($600 * 40) - $1,200 - $150 - $260 = $24,000 - $1,200 - $150 - $260 = $22,390
Therefore, the amount of cash that will be remitted by the consignee is $22,390.
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Question 1 Bahrain Company made the following merchandise purchases and sales during the April, 2021 April 1 The beginning inventory balance 400 units at $30 each Sold 250 units at $ 40 each Apri 4 Ap
Bahrain Company reported the following transactions for its merchandise inventory in April 2021:
- April 1: Beginning inventory of 400 units at $30 each- April 4: Sold 250 units at $40 each- April 10: Purchased 300 units at $32 each- April 15: Sold 200 units at $45 each- April 20: Purchased 150 units at $34 each- April 25: Sold 100 units at $50 eachAbout TransactionsTransaction is the process of exchanging goods or services between two or more parties involving money or other assets. Transactions can be made directly or through intermediaries such as banks or markets. Transactions can be formal or informal, depending on the type and nature of the goods or services being exchanged.
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Pecan Theatre Inc. owns and operates movie theaters throughout Florida and Georgia. Pecan Theatre has declared the following annual dividends over a six-year period: 20Y1, $48,000; 20Y2, $96,000; 20Y3, $216,000; 20Y4, $276,000; 20Y5, $348,000; and 20Y6, $432,000. During the entire period ended December 31 of each year, the outstanding stock of the company was composed of 40,000 shares of cumulative, preferred 3% stock, $100 par, and 100,000 shares of common stock, $10 par.
Required:
1. Determine the total dividends and the per-share dividends declared on each class of stock for each of the six years. There were no dividends in arrears at the beginning of 20Y1. Summarize the data in tabular form. If required, round your answers to two decimal places. If the amount is zero, please enter "0".
Preferred DividendsCommon Dividends
YearTotal
Dividends
Total
Per Share
Total
Per Share20Y1$ 48,000$$$$20Y296,00020Y3216,00020Y4276,00020Y5348,00020Y6432,000$$
2. Determine the average annual dividend per share for each class of stock for the six-year period. If required, round your answers to two decimal places.
Average annual dividend for preferred$ per shareAverage annual dividend for common$ per share
3. Assuming a market price per share of $231 for the preferred stock and $15 for the common stock, determine the average annual percentage return on initial shareholders’ investment, based on the average annual dividend per share (a) for preferred stock and (b) for common stock.
Round your answers to two decimal places.
Preferred stock%Common stock%
The total dividends and dividends per share declared for each stock class for each year are shown in the table above.
(a)The average annual dividend per share is $1.20 for preferred stock and $0 for common stock.
(b) The average annual rate of return on the initial shareholder investment in the Preferred Stock is approximately 0.52%.
(c) The average annual rate of return on shareholders' initial investment in common stock is 0%.
To determine total declared dividends and dividends per share for each stock class over a six-year period, the amounts can be calculated based on the data provided. We'll summarize the data in tabular form:
Preferred Dividends
Year Total Dividends Per Share
20Y1 $48,000 $1.20
20Y2 $96,000 $2.40
20Y3 $216,000 $5.40
20Y4 $276,000 $6.90
20Y5 $348,000 $8.70
20Y6 $432,000 $10.80
Common Dividends
Year Total Dividends Per Share
20Y1 $0 $0
20Y2 $0 $0
20Y3 $0 $0
20Y4 $0 $0
20Y5 $0 $0
20Y6 $0 $0
For the preferred stock, the dividends are calculated based on the 3% annual dividend rate on the par value of $100 per share. For the common stock, there were no dividends declared during the six-year period.
To determine the average annual dividend per share for each class of stock, we can sum up the dividends over the six-year period and divide by the number of years:
Average annual dividend for preferred stock = (Total Preferred Dividends) / 6 = $1.20
Average annual dividend for common stock = (Total Common Dividends) / 6 = $0
Since there were no dividends declared for the common stock, the average annual dividend is $0.
Now, to determine the average annual percentage return on initial shareholders' investment based on the average annual dividend per share:
For preferred stock:
Average annual percentage return = (Average annual dividend per share / Market price per share) * 100
= ($1.20 / $231) * 100 ≈ 0.52D
44 (b) For common stock:
Average annual percentage return = (Average annual dividend per share / Market price per share) * 100
= ($0 / $15) * 100 = 0%
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A company where copper is as good as gold".
Required:
A. In your own words, briefly state what is meant in the article by "By-product accounting" and "co-product accounting"?
B. Which method do you recommend for the Gold-Mining industry (explain your response)?
A) "By-product accounting" refers to the accounting method used to assign costs and revenues to products that are incidental or secondary to the main product of a company.
B) A thorough analysis of the specific industry context and financial considerations would be necessary to determine the most appropriate accounting method for the Gold-Mining industry.
A.
"By-product accounting" refers to the accounting method used to assign costs and revenues to products that are incidental or secondary to the main product of a company. It involves allocating costs and revenues among multiple products, where one product is considered the primary product and the others are considered by-products.
On the other hand, "co-product accounting" is the accounting method used when multiple products are produced simultaneously and are of equal importance or value. It involves allocating costs and revenues proportionally among the co-products based on their individual market values or some other allocation basis.
B.
For the Gold-Mining industry, the recommended method would depend on the specific circumstances and characteristics of the mining operations. If copper is truly considered "as good as gold" in terms of its value and significance to the company, co-product accounting may be more suitable. This is because co-product accounting recognizes the equal importance and value of both gold and copper as primary products, allowing for a fair allocation of costs and revenues.
However, it is important to note that the choice of accounting method should be based on various factors, including the relative significance of each product, market dynamics, production processes, and financial reporting requirements. Therefore, a thorough analysis of the specific industry context and financial considerations would be necessary to determine the most appropriate accounting method for the Gold-Mining industry.
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Assume you are the Director of Marketing for Majjus Enterprise, a firm that produces a new product called African Solar. Your company sells to two distinct geographical markets-East Legon and Nima. Majjus Enterprise is described as a monopolist and has the possibility of discriminating between its East Legon and Nima Markets. In order to derive the maximum profit from the production process, you engaged the services of an Econometrician, who estimated the demand functions for both East Legon and Nima markets to be:
Q1 = 24-0.2P₁ East Legon Market
Q2 10-0.05P₂ Nima Market
Where Q1 and Q2 are the respective quantities of African Solar demanded in the East Legon and Nima markets and P, and P2 are their respective prices (in GH¢). If the Total Cost (TC) of Majjus Enterprise for producing African Solar for these two markets is given as TC = 35 + 400, where Q = Q₁+ Q₂.
i. What profit will Majjus Enterprise make with and without price discrimination?
ii. What business advice will you give in respect of practicing price discrimination or selling a uniform price?
iii. If price discrimination is the option to implement within the context of elasticity of demand, what pricing policy should be implemented in each market to raise total revenue?
i) Total Revenue,Profit = ((16.8 x 20.24) + (9.50 x 9.03)) - (35 + 400) = 300.16 GHC
ii) The advice in respect of practicing price discrimination or selling a uniform price depends on the elasticity of demand of the two markets. A firm can practice price discrimination if it has monopoly power and if each market has a different elasticity of demand.
iii) By implementing price discrimination, the company can increase its revenue as it can sell more units of the product in the Nima market by reducing the price to match the higher elasticity of demand in that market while charging a higher price in the East Legon market with less elasticity of demand.
i. The profit that Majjus Enterprise will make with and without price discrimination is as follows;Without price discrimination, the company will set a uniform price (P) for both markets. Since the firm is a monopolist, it can control the price to achieve its maximum profit, thus we can calculate the profit using the formula;
TR = Total Revenue = P x Q whereQ = Q₁ + Q₂
Total Revenue (TR) = P(Q₁ + Q₂)Total Cost (TC) = 35 + 400Profit = TR - TCFor East Legon Market;Q₁ = 24 - 0.2P, substituting this into Q gives;Q = Q₁ + Q₂ = (24 - 0.2P) + 10 - 0.05P = 34 - 0.25PPutting the equation for Total Revenue into the equation for Profit;
Profit = TR - TC = P(Q₁ + Q₂) - (35 + 400)Profit = P(34 - 0.25P) - 435To get the profit maximizing price, we differentiate the Profit equation with respect to P and equate to zero;dProfit/dP = 0 = 34 - 0.5P → P = 68/5
Substituting this back into the Profit equation to get the profit,Profit = (68/5)(34 - 0.25(68/5)) - 435= GH¢ 270.80With price discrimination, the company can set different prices for both markets as each market has different elasticity of demand. The profit maximizing strategy here is the third-degree price discrimination where different prices are set for each market.
For the East Legon market, the price is set at P = 16.8 while the price for the Nima market is P = 9.50.The Profit will be calculated as follows;Total Revenue (TR) = (P₁ x Q₁) + (P₂ x Q₂)
Total Cost (TC) = 35 + 400Profit = TR - TCFor East Legon market;P₁ = 16.8 and Q₁ = (24 - 0.2P) = (24 - 0.2(16.8)) = 20.24For Nima market;P₂ = 9.50 and Q₂ = (10 - 0.05P₂) = (10 - 0.05(9.5)) = 9.03Putting the values into the equation for Total Revenue,Profit = ((16.8 x 20.24) + (9.50 x 9.03)) - (35 + 400) = GH¢ 300.16
ii. The advice in respect of practicing price discrimination or selling a uniform price depends on the elasticity of demand of the two markets. A firm can practice price discrimination if it has monopoly power and if each market has a different elasticity of demand.
The higher the elasticity of demand, the higher the ability of consumers to substitute the product and vice versa. Therefore, if the difference in elasticity of demand in both markets is significant, the company should practice price discrimination. However, if the elasticity of demand for both markets is the same, it will be better for the firm to sell at a uniform price.
iii. In this case, the company can implement the third-degree price discrimination where different prices are set for each market. The pricing policy to implement in each market is as follows;East Legon Market: Price (P) = 16.8Nima Market: Price (P) = 9.50The price is higher in the East Legon market since the demand is more inelastic and lower in the Nima market where the demand is more elastic.
By implementing price discrimination, the company can increase its revenue as it can sell more units of the product in the Nima market by reducing the price to match the higher elasticity of demand in that market while charging a higher price in the East Legon market with less elasticity of demand.
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Suppose that the equilibrium price of gas is $1.30 a liter, and the equilibrium quantity is 10m. (Do not use graphs)
A. If the government imposes a maximum price of $0.7 per liter, what is the impact of that on the market equilibrium?
B. If the government imposes a maximum price of $1.80 per liter, what is the impact of that on the market equilibrium?
C. If the government imposes a minimum price of $0.90 per liter, what is the impact of that on the market equilibrium?
D. If the government imposes a minimum price of $1.60 per liter, what is the impact of that on the market equilibrium?
A. Imposing a maximum price of $0.7 per liter creates a shortage in the market.
B. Imposing a maximum price of $1.80 per liter may have no immediate impact on the market equilibrium.
C. Imposing a minimum price of $0.90 per liter has no immediate impact on the market equilibrium.
D. Imposing a minimum price of $1.60 per liter creates an excess supply in the market.
A. If the government imposes a maximum price of $0.7 per liter, the impact on the market equilibrium is a shortage of gas, as the maximum price is below the equilibrium price, leading to increased demand and decreased supply.
B. If the government imposes a maximum price of $1.80 per liter, the impact on the market equilibrium depends on the elasticity of supply and demand. If the maximum price is above the equilibrium price, it may have no immediate impact if the equilibrium quantity is already below the quantity demanded at the maximum price.
C. If the government imposes a minimum price of $0.90 per liter, the impact on the market equilibrium is likely no immediate impact, as the minimum price is below the equilibrium price, and the market can continue to operate at the equilibrium price and quantity.
D. If the government imposes a minimum price of $1.60 per liter, the impact on the market equilibrium is likely an excess supply of gas, as the minimum price is above the equilibrium price, leading to decreased demand and increased supply.
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What is the multi-stage DDM applied price of a stock which is expected to begin paying a $3 dividend 6 years from now. The firm is expected to grow dividends by 15% per year for the next four years after that, followed by a constant growth rate of 4% thereafter forever. Assume that investors require a rate of return of 16% for this firm’s common shares.
$25.75
$16.36
$11.23
$18.75
The multi-stage DDM applied price of the stock is approximately $18.08. note: none of the provided options is correct.
To calculate the multi-stage DDM applied price of a stock, we need to determine the present value of all future dividends. In this case, we have different growth rates for the dividends over two periods.
First, we calculate the present value of dividends for the initial four years of 15% growth:
D1 = D0 * (1 + g1) = $3 * (1 + 0.15) = $3.45
D2 = D1 * (1 + g1) = $3.45 * (1 + 0.15) = $3.97
D3 = D2 * (1 + g1) = $3.97 * (1 + 0.15) = $4.57
D4 = D3 * (1 + g1) = $4.57 * (1 + 0.15) = $5.26
Next, we calculate the present value of dividends after the fourth year with a constant growth rate of 4%:
D5 = D4 * (1 + g2) = $5.26 * (1 + 0.04) = $5.47
D6 = D5 * (1 + g2) = $5.47 * (1 + 0.04) = $5.69
Now, we calculate the present value of all these dividends using the required rate of return of 16%:
PV = (D1 / (1 + r)^1) + (D2 / (1 + r)^2) + (D3 / (1 + r)^3) + (D4 / (1 + r)^4) + (D5 / (1 + r)^5) + (D6 / (1 + r)^6)
= ($3.45 / (1 + 0.16)^1) + ($3.97 / (1 + 0.16)^2) + ($4.57 / (1 + 0.16)^3) + ($5.26 / (1 + 0.16)^4) + ($5.47 / (1 + 0.16)^5) + ($5.69 / (1 + 0.16)^6)
= $2.97 + $3.10 + $3.18 + $3.17 + $2.93 + $2.73
= $18.08 none of the provided options is correct.
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A firm has $40 million of debt and $60 million of equity. Debt cost 8% and equity cost 15%. The firm as a tax rate of 20%.
b. The firm has 40% debt and 60% equity.
c. The weighted average cost of capital is 10.70%.
c. After cost of debt is 6,4%.
b. To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for a firm with 40% debt and 60% equity, we need to take into account the cost of debt, cost of equity, and the respective weights.
Given:
Debt = $40 millionEquity = $60 millionDebt cost = 8%Equity cost = 15%Weight of debt = 40% = 0.4Weight of equity = 60% = 0.6WACC = (Weight of debt * Cost of debt) + (Weight of equity * Cost of equity)WACC = (0.4 * 8%) + (0.6 * 15%)WACC = 3.2% + 9%WACC = 12.2%Therefore, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the firm with 40% debt and 60% equity is 12.2%.
c. After the cost of debt is 6.4%, we can recalculate the WACC using the new cost of debt:
Given:
Cost of debt = 6.4%WACC = (Weight of debt * Cost of debt) + (Weight of equity * Cost of equity)
WACC = (0.4 * 6.4%) + (0.6 * 15%)WACC = 2.56% + 9%WACC = 11.56%Therefore, after the cost of debt is 6.4%, the new WACC for the firm is 11.56%.
About AverageIn economics, average cost or unit cost equals total cost divided by the number of units produced: {\displaystyle AC={\frac {TC}{Q}}.} Average cost has strong implications for how firms will choose the price of their commodity.
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All items of plant and equipment, including land, eventually wear out or lose their usefulness.
Yes, it is true that all items of plant and equipment, including land, eventually wear out or lose their usefulness.
Plant and equipment are the fixed assets owned by the entity to generate profits by conducting business operations. They have a useful life and eventually wear out or lose their usefulness. The useful life of plant and equipment varies from one asset to another. For instance, furniture has a shorter useful life than a building. Plant refers to machinery, tools, and equipment. On the other hand, equipment is the set of tools that require no electrical or electronic energy to function. In general, plant and equipment require a considerable investment by the business, which implies that a proper depreciation method must be used to compute the actual value of the fixed asset as they wear out or become outdated. Depreciation is the term used to describe the reduction in the value of fixed assets over time. All fixed assets have a useful life, which is defined as the period in which the asset can be expected to provide economic benefits.
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Primarks Plc is a successful retail company in clothing. Over the past 5years, it has increased its share of the market by 30%. Primarks Plc makes no use of debt and has financed its operations entirely from retained earnings. The company has a current P/E ratio of 28 compared with the clothing sector average of 19. Other financial data over the 5 years are shown below: Book Value of Equity Earnings per share (8) 190 2021 35.80 11.00 2020 103 16.10 2019 124 19.30 5.86 2018 142 24.70 7.50 2017 30.50 165 9.00 Not that, 2021 is the current year. Required: Estimate the cost of equity capital for Primarks Ple using the following Dividend Growth Model ii) Discuss whether the assumptions underlying the models used in part (a) above are realistic, and explain how the effects of using these assumptions are reflected in the results obtained
The Dividend Growth Model is utilized to estimate the cost of equity. It is a popular method for valuing a company's equity since it takes into account dividend income that the investor can expect to get from owning the stock.
The formula for calculating the cost of equity is:
Ke = (D1 / Po) + g,
where Ke represents the cost of equity,
D1 is the next dividend payment,
Po is the current share price, and
g is the growth rate of dividends.
To calculate Ke for Primarks Plc using the Dividend Growth Model, we need to use the earnings per share data provided to calculate the dividends paid to shareholders.
Since Primarks Plc makes no use of debt and has financed its operations entirely from retained earnings, the company pays out its entire earnings to shareholders as dividends.
As a result, we can utilize the earnings per share data provided to calculate the dividends paid to shareholders by Primarks Plc.
The dividends paid to shareholders are shown below: 2021: $11.00 2020: $16.10 2019: $19.30 2018: $24.70 2017: $9.00
Next, we must compute the growth rate of dividends for Primarks Plc, which we can do by utilizing the dividend growth formula:
g = (D1 / D0) - 1,
where D1 is the next dividend payment and
D0 is the current dividend payment.
We must first calculate the current dividend payment by utilizing the earnings per share data provided. To accomplish this, we can divide the earnings per share by the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio to obtain the dividend payment.
For example, the dividend payment for 2021 is calculated as follows:
Dividend Payment for 2021 = $11.00 / 28 = $0.39
We can then use this value as D0 and the dividend payment for 2020 as D1 to compute the growth rate of dividends for Primarks Plc as follows:
g = ($16.10 / $0.39) - 1
= 40.26%
Now that we have computed the growth rate of dividends, we can use the Dividend Growth Model to calculate the cost of equity capital for Primarks Plc as follows:
Ke = ($0.39 / $28) + 40.26%
= 41.61%
Therefore, the cost of equity capital for Primarks Plc using the Dividend Growth Model is 41.61%.
The Dividend Growth Model assumes that dividends will grow at a constant rate indefinitely, which is unlikely to occur in practice. Additionally, the model assumes that investors are rational and that they have perfect information about the company, which is also unlikely to be the case. As a result, the results obtained using these models may not be entirely accurate. Nevertheless, these models provide useful insights into the factors that influence a company's cost of equity capital.
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is it the financial perspective or the customer perspective or the internal business perspective or the learning and growth perspective
The financial perspective is the most common approach to performance evaluation among the four balanced scorecard perspectives. Therefore, the correct option is A.
The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used to align business activities to the vision and strategy of an organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organizational performance against strategic goals. It encourages the alignment of departmental and personal objectives to the organization's strategic objectives.
The balanced scorecard (BSC) includes four different perspectives: the financial perspective, the customer perspective, the internal process perspective, and the learning and growth perspective. Each of the perspectives of the balanced scorecard is intended to align with the organization's vision and strategy, and they are all interrelated.
The financial perspective deals with the financial performance of the organization and ensures that the company is meeting its goals for financial success. It includes financial objectives, such as revenue growth, profit margins, return on investment, and cash flow. The reason why the financial perspective is the most common approach to performance evaluation among the four balanced scorecard perspectives is because it is the most easily quantifiable.
Organizations use the financial perspective to determine whether they are generating revenue and profit and achieving a return on investment. Many organizations use financial metrics to evaluate their performance because they are easy to understand and measure. This perspective is also important because financial success is often the primary goal of the organization and is essential to its long-term survival. Hence, the correct answer is option A.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Of the four balanced scorecard perspectives, which one is the most common approach to performance evaluation? a. Financial perspective. b. Internal process perspective. c. Learning and growth perspective. d. Customer perspective.
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true/false. generally speaking, one of the biggest barriers to mobile commerce is that many consumers find mobile devices too complicated to use for commerce.
The statement "generally speaking, one of the biggest barriers to mobile commerce is that many consumers find mobile devices too complicated to use for commerce" is a True because mobile Commerce is a type of online commerce that is conducted over mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
Mobile commerce (m-commerce) is a platform that enables consumers to buy and sell goods and services through the internet via mobile devices. It entails the use of wireless handheld devices such as cellphones, laptops, and tablets to conduct business activities that include buying and selling products and services. Users can use the internet, proprietary software apps, text messages, or other cellular-based technology to access and engage in a wide range of activities. It includes marketing, purchasing, billing, and customer support.
However, one of the biggest barriers to mobile commerce is that many consumers find mobile devices too complicated to use for commerce. A study revealed that poor mobile site experience and long loading times can discourage mobile commerce customers. This suggests that while the mobile market is expanding, there are still some barriers that need to be addressed. These issues include user experience, mobile security, and lack of trust in mobile payment methods.
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In regard to predatory pricing to prevent entry of new firms, which of the following is correct? Choose any and all of the following that are correct. Incorrect choices will be penalized.
a. Ceteris paribus, an incumbent firm would like to be able to commit to carrying out predatory pricing against a firm that enters the market in order to convince the entrant its threat is credible.
b. Any Nash equilibrium in which an entrant stays out due to an incumbent firm's non-credible threat of predatory pricing if the entrant should enter is not subgame perfect.
c. Generally, it would not be in an incumbent firm's best interest to actually carry out the threat of predatory pricing should the entrant actually enter.
d. In models of predatory pricing to prevent entry of new firms, there is typically no Nash equillibrium.
e.
Some economists, notably of the Chicago-UCLA school, argue that the non-credibility of predatory pricing to prevent entry casts further doubt on the real-world existence/practice of predatory pricing.
Options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are the correct answers. Some economists, notably of the Chicago-UCLA school, argue that the non-credibility of predatory pricing to prevent entry casts further doubt on the real-world existence/practice of predatory pricing.
Predatory pricing is a method used by companies to discourage new competitors from entering the market by reducing the price of their products below the cost of production. In regard to predatory pricing to prevent entry of new firms, the correct options are:
a. Ceteris paribus, an incumbent firm would like to be able to commit to carrying out predatory pricing against a firm that enters the market in order to convince the entrant its threat is credible.
b. Any Nash equilibrium in which an entrant stays out due to an incumbent firm's non-credible threat of predatory pricing if the entrant should enter is not subgame perfect.
c. Generally, it would not be in an incumbent firm's best interest to actually carry out the threat of predatory pricing should the entrant actually enter.
d. In models of predatory pricing to prevent entry of new firms, there is typically no Nash equilibrium.Some economists, notably of the Chicago-UCLA school, argue that the non-credibility of predatory pricing to prevent entry casts further doubt on the real-world existence/practice of predatory pricing.
Therefore, options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are the correct answers.
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Using Microsoft Excel, create an investment cash-flow diagram that will have a present worth of zero using MARR = 11%. The study period needs to be exactly 5 years and each year should have at least one unique cash flow that is different from the cash flows over the other years. Your answer should contain a table showing the cash flows for each year and a graphical representation of the cash flows (cash-flow diagram).
I can provide you with a step-by-step guide on how to create an investment cash-flow diagram in Ex-cel.
Open a new Exc-el worksheet.Create a table with two columns: "Year" and "Cash Flow".In the "Year" column, enter the numbers 0 to 5 to represent the years of the study period.In the "Cash Flow" column, enter the cash flow amounts for each year. Make sure to have at least one unique cash flow for each year.Calculate the present worth of the cash flows using the MARR (Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return) of 11%. In a new cell, use the PV (Present Value) function to calculate the present worth. The formula should be something like "=PV(11%, 0, B2:B7)" if your cash flows are in the range B2:B7. Adjust the range according to your actual cash flow values.Format the table and the present worth cell as desired.Create a cash-flow diagram using Ex-cel's drawing tools. You can insert shapes such as arrows or bars to represent the cash flows over each year. Label each shape with the corresponding cash flow amount.Arrange the shapes on the worksheet to create a clear and visually appealing cash-flow diagram.Please note that without the ability to display the diagram directly, it may be more helpful to refer to Exc-el tutorials or guides that provide visual demonstrations of creating cash-flow diagrams in Ex-cel.Learn more about cash-flow diagram Here-
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buying advertising space and time in various media in order to find customers for their clients' products, is the responsibility of .
The responsibility of buying advertising space and time in various media in order to find customers for their clients' products is of advertising agencies.
What is advertising?
Advertising is a marketing tactic that involves paying for space to promote a product, service, or cause. Advertisements are typically communicated via a variety of media, including old media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, outdoor advertising, or direct mail, and new media such as search results, blogs, social media, websites, or text messages
Responsibilities of Advertising
Advertising agencies handle the responsibility of buying advertising space and time in various media in order to find customers for their clients' products.
They develop campaigns to promote their clients' products and services.
They handle all aspects of the ad campaign, from market research to brand strategy to copywriting to distribution and beyond.
They consider factors like target demographics, budget, campaign objectives, and market research to determine the best media outlets and placements for maximizing the reach and impact of the advertising campaigns.
Advertising agencies play a crucial role in optimizing the allocation of advertising budgets and ensuring that the message reaches the right audience through the most appropriate media channels.
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