Hemophilia is an x-linked condition. a) 50% probability. b) 50% probability. c) Two scenarios: 1) X⁺X⁺ x X⁺Y ⇒ neither of the children would express hemophilia. 2) X⁺X⁻ x X⁺Y ⇒ 50% chance that the boy would express hemophilia. The girl would be normal.
What is a sex-linked gene?Genes are physically located and arranged in chromosomes. Each chromosome contains several genes that vary in length and code for different traits.
In mammals, sex is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes, X and Y.
• Females are represented by the combination of two X chromosomes, XX
• Males are represented by the combination of an X chromosome with a Y chromosome, XY.
When talking about sex-linked genes, we refer to genes located in one of the sex chromosomes. In general, genes are linked to the X chromosome.
Being linked to one of the sex chromosomes means that these genes, and their corresponding alleles, will only be inherited together with the chromosome.
In the case of Hemophilia, which is an X-linked genes, a male that inherits the X chromosome from a heterozygous female can express either the dominant or the recessive trait, depending on which allele it got from the mother.
In the exposed example,
+ represents the dominant allele that codes for normal blood- represents the mutated recessive allele that codes for hemophiliaThe woman's father has hemophilia (X⁻Y), which means he transmitted the X⁻ chromosome to the woman. Hence, the woman is heterozygous for the trait, and her genotype is X⁺X⁻.The man has hemophilia, menaing his genotype is X⁻Y. They had a daughter and a son.Cross: normal woman with hemophilic man
Parentals) X⁺X⁻ x X⁻Y
Gametes) X⁺ X⁻ X⁻ Y
Punnett square) X⁺ X⁻
X⁻ X⁺X⁻ X⁻ X⁻
Y X⁺Y X⁻Y
F1)
50% of the whole porgeny is expected to be boys50% of the progeny is expected to be girls50% of the girls (25% of the whole progeny) are expected to express normal phenotype50% of the girls (25% of the whole progeny) are expected to express hemophilia50% of the boys (25% of the whole progeny) are expected to express normal phenotype50% of the boys (25% of the whole progeny) are expected to express hemophilia(a) What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?
Their son has 50% chance of having hemophilia.
(b) What is the probability that their daughter will have hemophilia?
Their daughter has 50% chance of having hemophilia.
(c) How would these probabilities be different if neither birth parent had hemophilia?
There are two possible scenarios,
1) mother X⁺X⁺ and father X⁺Y
In this case, neither of the children would express hemophilia because no recessive alleles are involved in the cross. Both of them would be normal.
2) mother X⁺X⁻ and father X⁺Y
In this case, there would be 50% chance that the boy would express hemophilia (X⁻Y). The girl would be normal (X⁺X⁺ or X⁺X⁻).
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Sinks and sources refers to places within the nutrient cycle where ______ is (are) stored.
A. animals
B. plants
C. nutrients
D. air
Sinks and sources refers to places within the nutrient cycle where nutrients are stored. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is Nutrient Cycle?
A nutrient cycle is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter. Energy flow is a unidirectional and non-cyclic pathway of energy flow, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyclic in nature. Mineral cycling is bi-directional.
Nutrients have the three basic functions that include providing energy, contribute to the body structure, and regulation of chemical processes in the body.
Sinks and sources refers to places within the nutrient cycle where nutrients are stored. Source is the place where more amount of nutrients is present whereas sinks are the places where the nutrients flow from source.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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Most lipids are composed of long chains of carbon and which atom?
Responses
oxygen
phosphorus
water
hydrogen
Most lipids are composed of long chains of carbon and hydrogen atom.
Lipids are the long chains of hydrocarbons. These are the organic compounds that are abundantly present in living body. The role played by lipids inside the body are: they are important components of the membrane of cell and cell organelles; and they are great source of energy (in the form of fats).
Carbon is the most essential element in the living organisms. Its atomic number is 12. It is the basic element present in all the organic molecules. The catenation property of carbon contributes to its importance and versatility.
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1.Are Algae classified as plants or animals or both? Justify your answer
Algae are a non-monophyletic group, that is that it doesn't share a common ancestor, but share the characteristics of being able to photosynthetize, and the abscense of true vegetative tissues. They are more related to plants than animals, sharing the same type of nutrition (autotrophy) thanks to the acquisition of the chloroplast, which allows them to do photosynthesis. Actually, plants evolved from a group of Algae called Chlorophyta.
So, the correct classification of this organisms isn't neither as plants nor animals.
Explain why it is easier to design a drug to treat a bacterial infection than to treat a viral infection.
Let's define a couple of terms:
• Bacteria are defined as ,prokaryotes,. They are simple-celled organisms, consisting of only genetic material, a cell wall or a cell membrane, ribosomes, cytosol, and cilia or flagella.
,• Viruses are considered ,nonliving,. They are inactive and inject their viral genome into a host cell. Viruses are one of the smallest things on this planet. Viruses need a host cell in order to infect and replicate.
Taking this information into context, we can answer the question:
It is easier to treat a bacterial infection because they are separate organisms from the host organism. It is easier to target something bigger and more definitive and won't harm the host itself all too much.
Compared to a viral infection, it is extremely difficult to treat since any treatment would have to target the host organism's cell, as viruses inject their viral genome and take over the host cell and force it to assemble more viruses and release them. This is why we create vaccines, to prevent viral infections.
What are some ways humans have contributed to the greenhouse effect
in a DNA molecule having 1400 bases has 400 adenine bases .so what will be the number of thyamine bases?
Answer: 400
Explanation:
Thymine pairs with adenine so their numbers are equal.
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Homeostasis is key to maintaining good health, so the body has many systems that are involved in ?that provide both positive and negative feedback to support a healthy equilibrium.
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Answer:
Homeostasis regulation
Chromosomal
centromeres separate
and chromosomes pull
apart to opposite ends of
the cell
Anaphase the shortest mitosis stage. The centromeres split, and spindle fibers connected to the kinetochore regions pull the sister chromatids of each chromosome apart, or "disjoin," and transfer them to the opposing ends of the cell.
What is mitosis ?
When a single cell (the mom) divides in to the two genetically identical daughter cells, this process of cell division is known as mitosis. The phase of cell division known as mitosis, when referring to the cell cycle, is when the DNA in the cell's nucleus is split into two identical sets of chromosomes. The shortest mitosis stage is anaphase. The sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart, or "disjoined," by spindle fibres linked to the kinetochore regions as the centromeres separate, and are then transferred to the opposite ends of the cell.
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Determine if each event most directly affects the geosphere or the biosphere.
Geosphere - mining of gold, iron and silver & an earthquake leads to the formation of a new mountain
Biosphere - mold growing on a plant & deforestation
What is Geosphere?Different definitions of the geosphere have conflicting uses. It can be used to refer to the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere as a whole. Different mass and/or energy flows can be exchanged between the various geosphere collectives (the measurable amount of change). The balance of the various geosphere spheres is impacted by the exchange of these fluxes. As an illustration, consider how the soil functions as both a source of flux exchange and as a component of the biosphere.
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Chief material present in the cell wall of plant, fungal and
prokaryotic cell is
Answer:
In the plant cells, cellulose is the primary component of the cell wall, in bacteria the primary component of the cell wall is peptidoglycan and in fungi the primary component of the cell wall is chitin.
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State the composition of the chromatography solvent used; is this solvent predominantly polar or non polar?
In the composition of the chromatography solvent used for mixes of chemicals with drastically differing polarities, a polar gradient is used.
Solvents: Hexane is a typical non-polar solvent for thin-layer and chromatography. There are numerous polar solvents that it can be utilized with.
As opposed to separate continuous phases like those found in suspensions, emulsions, and other non-solution mixtures, a solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules occurring as solvates (solvent-solute complexes).
There are three parts to the setup. A solution that rises the stationary phase as a result of capillary action is known as the mobile phase. The stationary phase typically consists of polar inorganic solvent water, while the mobile phase typically consists of a combination of non-polar organic solvents.
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Will give brainliest.
This is due today.
According to the rule of conservation of mass, matter cannot be generated or destroyed in a closed or isolated system. It is preserved but capable of changing forms.
What is law of conservation of mass?The understanding that substances do not actually vanish as a result of a reaction, despite what might appear to be the case, but rather change into another material of equal mass, was made possible by the law of conservation of mass, which was essential to the development of chemistry.
The law of conservation of mass was discovered by several scientists, according to history. As a consequence of an experiment in 1756, Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov recorded it in his diary.
French chemist Antoine Lavoisier carefully recorded experiments that supported the law in 1774. Some people refer to the law of conservation of mass as Lavoisier's Law.
Therefore, According to the rule of conservation of mass, matter cannot be generated or destroyed in a closed or isolated system. It is preserved but capable of changing forms.
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How many chunks can the average person store in short-term memory?
Question 10 options:
9
5
11
7
Answer:
7
Explanation:
The average person can store ~7 items in their short-term memory, though it can range from 5 - 9 in short term memory. Short term memory lasts around a quarter to half a minute.
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The process Of passing of traits from parents to offspring is known as
Answer:
The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is called heredity.
Explanation:
The traits (such as eye color, hair color, and skin color) are passed in the form of genes (segments of DNA corresponding to particular traits), which are considered the unit of heredity.
25 POINTS!!!
Use the table below to determine the amino acids that correspond with the mRNA sequence GAAUUUACGAAA
glutamic acid—tyrosine—arginine – glycine
glycine—aspartic acid—valine---histidine
leucine—lysine—cysteine---phenylalanine
glutamic acid—phenylalanine—threonine—lysine
According to the table that represents the genetic code, the amino acid sequence that corresponds with the mRNA sequence GAA UUU ACG AAA is glutamic acid-phenylalanine-threonine-lysine (Option D).
What is the genetic code?The genetic code is the information contained in the DNA sequence, which is sued to produce a given sequence of amino acids in a protein during translation. The triplets of nuclotides or codons in DNA are used to generate the proteins, e.g., the GAA codon is used to add glutamic acid.
The genetic code links a given sequence of amino acids during the translation in the ribosome with specific codons in the mRNA sequence, which are complementary to the DNA sequence obtained during translation since transcription and translation are cellular processes that are interrelated and dependent on each other to produce a protein.
Therefore, we can conclude that the sequence glutamic acid - phenylalanine - threonine - lysine is encoded by using the mRNA sequence GAA UUU ACG AAA (Option D).
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Improve the student’s model of gas exchange by drawing the missing component.
The organs where gas exchange takes place are the element missing from the diagram. All regions of the body receive oxygenated blood from the lungs through the red blood cells.
What is the gas exchange process?The circulation receives oxygen from the lungs during gas exchange. The blood and lungs exchange carbon dioxide at the same time. This occurs in the lungs between the capillaries, which are a network of microscopic blood arteries found in the walls of the alveoli, and the alveoli themselves.
Briefing:The diagram can be improved by:
Lungs
↓
oxygen
↓
Red blood cells (carrying oxygen)
↓
Organs where carbon is removed from and oxygen is provided,
like as the stomach and liver
↓
Carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs by RBCs.
The organs where gas exchange takes place are the element missing from the diagram. All regions of the body receive oxygenated blood from the lungs through the red blood cells, which also transport waste carbon dioxide gas back to the lungs. The lungs then exhale the carbon dioxide.
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In Pavlov’s experiments, what was an example of an unconditioned response?
Question 4 options:
The ringing of the bell when the food was offered.
The dog’s salivation when the bell was rung.
The food the dog was offered.
The dog’s salivation without stimulus.
In Pavlov's experiment, he showed that the dog's salivation can be conditioned with the sound of the ringing of the bell. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is Pavlov's experiment?
Pavlov showed in his experiment that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a ringing bell if that ringing sound was repeatedly presented at the same time as that when they were given the food. First the dogs were presented with the food, they salivated. The food was the unconditioned stimulus in this experiment and salivation was an innate response.
In the classical conditioning experiment, an unconditioned response is an unlearned response that occurs innately in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus with a condition.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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Explain why meiosis might be considered a special case of mitosis.
Cells reproduce through both meiosis and mitosis, yet they differ significantly from one another.
What is the role of meiosis in organism?While mitosis produces new cells, meiosis is a unique sort of cell division that creates sex cells for reproduction. Researchers from several fields independently discovered the two processes.
The original nucleus divides into two identical nuclei during mitosis. Contrarily, meiosis produces four nuclei, each of which contains half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
Only the gametes, or cells that develop into sex, the egg, and the sperm, go through meiosis in animals.
Therefore, meiosis might be considered a special case of mitosis.
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Is this a hypothesis?“If I jump up then I will eventually return to the ground because of gravity.”
Hypothesis seek to provide a sound basis of a new phenomena with background facts. An alternative to text you provided could be:
Since gravity attaches things to the earth's surface, any jump attempt will end in the surface.
hich of the following is NOT part of the theory of evolution by natural selection?Question 6 options:The best-adapted organisms are most likely to reproduce.The traits an organism acquires in its lifetime are passed down to its offspring Genetic variations exist within a population.The best-adapted organisms are most likely to survive.
Natural selection by definition states that the fittest has more chances to reproduce and survive, this advantage is given by the genetic variation in a population (mutations), Therefore taking this into account we can see that, the traits that an organism acquires in its lifetime and passes to offspring is not part of natural selection theory (, in fact this concept is from Lamark which is very different from natural selection,
Bonobos are distinct from chimpanzees in what way(s)?
O Regularly walk on two legs with ease.
O Alpha females and their sons rule the group.
O They use sex as a way to diffuse aggression and tension within the group.
O All of the above.
Bonobos are distinct from chimpanzees in what way they regularly walk on two legs with ease, alpha females and their sons rule the group.and use sex as a way to diffuse aggression and tension within the group (all options are correct).
What are Bonobos?Bonobos are a group of primates that have certain behavioral characteristics which may be associated with humans and other primates species. This species (Bonobos) is well known to have certain reproductive strategies that might make more efficient natural selection under certain conditions.
Bonobos are animals that share certain features with humans which include bipedalism and certain reproductive features in order to increase the reproductive fitness of the species in the environment in which they develop.
Therefore, we can conclude that Bonobos are primates that regularly walk on two legs like humans and share certain reproductive strategies.
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Based on the below experiment What is the purpose of the liquid detergent?
Answer:
Liquid detergent can be used to isolate DNA, that is because most of the commercial washing powders contain a mixture of detergents, enzymes and chelating complexes (e.g. EDTA) and this is what is needed to quickly isolate high molecular weight DNA.
A__is a segment of DNA that contains a single unit of information.
A gene is a segment of DNA that contains a single unit of information.
How is a gene a DNA segment?It follows that every living cells consist of a chromosome which contains the genes. Structurally, the genes consist of two different nucleic acid which are the deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) and ribonucleic acid ( RNA ).
That being said the genes are the units of inheritance. The characters or traits of parents are expressed in the offspring through the genes.
So therefore, we now confirm that a portion or component of the DNA is the gene.
Complete question:
A__is a segment of DNA that contains a single unit of information.
a. Chromosome
b. Gene
c. Sugar
d. Nitrogen base.
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Wolf spiders don't rely on webs to catch their food. Instead they hunt and ambush other organisms and have very keen eyesight. When a wolf spider detects potential prey, its nervous system responds.
Which structure in a wolf spider's cells transmits signals from one nerve cell to the next?
Responses
Golgi body
Golgi body
cell membrane
cell membrane
lysosome
lysosome
cytosol
The structure in a wolf spider's cells that transmits signals from one nerve cell to the next is the plasma cell membrane (Option 2).
How does the plasma membrane transmit signals between nerve cells?The plasma membrane of nerve cells is known as neurolemma and it is capable of transmitting signals between nerve cells by the process of depolarization of the membrane, which involves differential electrical charges between the cell and its surrounding medium.
During depolarization, protein sodium ion channels on the neurolemma open in order to allow the entry of these ions, which change the polarity of the membrane.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the plasma membrane transmits signals between nerve cells through membrane depolarization which is due to the unequal charge of ions inside the cell and its surrounding environment in order to transmit such signals.
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What evidence supports effects of the environment on natural selection?
Darwin's theory of natural selection states that organisms that are best adapted to their environment have the highest chances of survival.
He found physical characteristics such as beak size, weight, and number of eggs laid. It depended on the type of food they ate and the environment of the island. This observation paved the way for establishing the process of natural selection in evolution.
This means that the genetic code carried by these surviving organisms is the code that is passed on. This is the form of this organism that survived while others did not. Of all the evidence Darwin used to support his theory of evolution, the most famous was Darwin's finch in the Galapagos Islands off mainland Ecuador.
How did the environment influence the process of natural selection?
Deleterious mutations were eliminated by natural selection. Because frogs with mutations did not survive. Beneficial mutations were reinforced because frogs carrying the mutation had the highest chances of survival and reproduction. This shows how the environment influences the process of natural selection.
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Cell A and cell B are both in the final stages of cell division. Which one represents budding?
CELL A
Only cell A
CELL B
O Both cell A and cell B
O Neither cell A nor cell B
O Only cell B
Question 9
The researchers Coon and Steinberg found that which of the following contributed to intellectual performance among people from similar economic and social backgrounds?
Question 6 options:
Cognition
Heredity
Emotions
Parenting style
The parenting style contributes to the intellectual performance among people from similar economic and social backgrounds.
Parenting style is a psychological behavior that represents the way in which the parents perform the upbringing of their children. The parenting style is affected by a variety of factors like the surroundings, economic status, culture, experiences, etc.
Social background refers to the type of family an individual has. It involves the upbringing of the person, their intellect, their lifestyle, their family background, etc. The social background is the determinant of the kind of person an individual is. However, it is not compulsory that a person lives or behaves according to its social background.
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how is radiant energy from the sun transformed to chemical energy in plants
Plants transform light energy into chemical energy using photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is divided into light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.
Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids of the chloroplast, where one molecule of chlorophyll absorbs a photon and loses an electron, which is later taken to the molecule of pheophytin and then to a quinone, initiating an electron transport chain that produces NADPH. The movement of electrons also creates a proton gradient, which can be used by the ATP synthase to produce ATP. The electron lost by the chlorophyll is regained from the photolysis, which breaks apart the water and releases oxygen.
The light-independent reactions are the ones where the enzyme RuBisCO transforms CO₂ from the atmosphere and makes carbohydrates, in a process called the Calvin cycle, which uses the NADPH created in the light-dependent reactions. The carbohydrates are later used in cellular respiration to obtain more ATP.
Each of the semicircular canals are in a different ____________ of space, so as fluid flows, it causes a series of reactions that change the pattern of signals carried by the ____________ nerve to the brain.
Each of the semicircular canals are in a different dimensions of space, so as fluid flows, it causes a series of reactions that change the pattern of signals carried by the vestibular nerve to the brain.
The superior, horizontal, and posterior designators refer to the three semicircular canals of the bone labyrinth. The dimensional difference in these canals is as follows: The superior and posterior canals are at right angles to each other on diagonal vertical planes. The ampulla of the horizontal canal lie close together and opens into the vestibule.
Semicircular canals determines the movements of head along with the audition. The nerve responsible for this movement control is vestibular nerve. The vestibular nerve transmits motion and positional information. The vestibular system involves coordinated communication between the cerebral cortex, brain stem, ocular muscles, postural muscles, and vestibular apparatus including semicircular canals.
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