Question 40
Lasso is the trademarks for
a. acrolein
b. atrazine
c. alachlor
d. duiron

Sieve tube element doesn't require rER and ribosomes as vascular plants, which are responsible for transporting the products of photosynthesis, such as sugars and amino acids, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Sieve tube components, unlike most other cells, lack a nucleus, vacuole, and most other organelles, including ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). This is because these cells rely on companion cells, which are neighbouring cells that give them with metabolic assistance.

The companion cells have a lot of rER and ribosomes, which are in charge of making the proteins for the sieve tube elements. The proteins are subsequently transferred into the sieve tube elements by specialised plasmodesmata, which are connections between the two types of cells.

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Option C is true. Structures known as microvilli are associated with increased surface area for nutrient absorption.

They contribute to the absorption of nutrients from the digestive system into the bloodstream and enhance the surface area of the cell membrane. The small intestine, where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs, places a special emphasis on microvilli.

Intestinal cells' surface area that can be absorbed is significantly increased by the presence of microvilli, enabling the efficient absorption of nutrients like carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids.

Although microvilli are not directly involved in gas exchange, adherence to the extracellular matrix, or cell-to-cell communication, they are essential for the digestive system's ability to absorb nutrients.

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If groups of dorsal respiratory neurons in the medulla oblongata are destroyed bilaterally, the minute volume of breathing will increase.

This will cause the tidal volume (the amount of air taken in during each breath) to also increase. The increase in breathing rate and tidal volume will result in a marked increase in pulmonary ventilation (the total volume of air moved in and out of the lungs per minute), but alveolar ventilation (the volume of air that reaches the alveoli where gas exchange occurs) may not increase proportionally.  The person may experience shortness of breath, hyperventilation, and an increase in carbon dioxide elimination from the body. This can lead to respiratory alkalosis, a condition in which the blood pH increases due to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels. In severe cases, this can cause dizziness, confusion, and even loss of consciousness. The person may require medical intervention to manage their respiratory rate and maintain normal blood pH levels.

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The increased size of genomes of multicellular eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes is due to the presence of non-coding DNA, also known as junk DNA.

Non-coding DNA makes up a significant portion of the eukaryotic genome, and while it does not code for proteins, it plays important regulatory roles in gene expression, DNA replication, and chromosome structure.

Prokaryotic genomes are typically smaller and contain fewer non-coding regions than eukaryotic genomes. This is because prokaryotes lack many of the complex regulatory mechanisms that eukaryotes have, such as epigenetic modifications and RNA interference. Additionally, prokaryotes rely more heavily on horizontal gene transfer and other mechanisms of gene exchange to adapt to changing environments, which may reduce the need for larger genomes.

The presence of non-coding DNA in eukaryotic genomes allows for greater flexibility and complexity in gene regulation, which may have contributed to the evolution of multicellularity and the development of more complex organisms. While some non-coding DNA may be functionally important, much of it appears to be evolutionary baggage that has accumulated over time through genetic drift and other processes. Nonetheless, it remains an important feature of eukaryotic genomes and a subject of ongoing research and debate among scientists.

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Ocean waters absorb less sunlight at high latitudes; the poles receive just 40% of the heat that the equator does. Because of these differences in solar radiation, the temperature of the ocean surface can range from a warm 30°C (86°F) in the tropics to a very frigid -2°C (28°F) towards the poles.

Rain reduces as one moves away from the equator, and as there is less rain and more sunshine, evaporation increases. The salt is left behind as water vapour evaporates from the ocean into the atmosphere, resulting in greater salinity. As one moves closer to the poles, fresh water from melting ice reduces surface salinity once more.

The equator is defined as the point at where the sphere's surface intersects a plane.

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The complete question is: What is the difference in ocean water between the poles and the equator, and why?

False. Traits determined by multiple genes do not typically show the expected 3:1 ratio of phenotypes in the progeny between two heterozygotes, as is observed with single gene traits.

This is because multiple genes interact in complex ways to determine the phenotype, and the inheritance patterns can be more difficult to predict. In general, the phenotypic ratios observed in offspring from crosses involving multiple gene traits are more likely to be continuous, rather than showing clear-cut ratios, and may be influenced by factors such as environmental effects and gene interactions

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You could study the norm of reaction in a wild population of squirrels, yes you could.

The norm of reaction refers to the range of phenotypes exhibited by a single genotype under different environmental conditions. To study this, you would first need to identify a suitable wild squirrel population and collect genetic and phenotypic data. Observations of the squirrels' behavior, morphology, and physiology could be made across various environments, such as different seasons or habitat types. Factors like food availability, temperature, and population density may influence the squirrels' phenotypes.

Next, analyze the collected data to determine how different environmental factors affect the squirrels' phenotypes, this could include examining the relationship between genotype and phenotype across various environmental conditions, revealing the norm of reaction. Lastly, interpreting the findings will provide insights into the squirrels' adaptability and potential responses to changing environments, which could help inform conservation efforts and enhance our understanding of their biology. In summary, You could study the norm of reaction in a wild population of squirrels, yes you could.

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There are several solutions to reduce the amount of sediments entering water systems, including: Proper land use management, Maintaining vegetative cover, Sediment basins and traps and Stream bank stabilization.

There are various options for reducing sediments in water systems, including:

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The effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs is A) constriction.

Parasympathetic stimulation is part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory function. Specifically, the parasympathetic division is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, which conserves energy and promotes maintenance functions. In the context of the respiratory system, parasympathetic stimulation causes constriction of the bronchioles, which are the small airways in the lungs.

The constriction is due to the release of acetylcholine, which binds to muscarinic receptors on the smooth muscle cells of the bronchioles, this binding leads to a contraction of the smooth muscle cells and ultimately results in the narrowing of the airways. Constriction of the bronchioles reduces airflow and allows the body to conserve energy during periods of rest or decreased physical activity. Additionally, parasympathetic stimulation increases the secretion of mucus, further aiding in the conservation of energy and protection of the airways. The effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs is A) constriction.

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A behavioural kind of isolating mechanism is the rejection of suitors with the incorrect type of beak by finches.. option (D)

Isolating mechanisms are factors that prevent interbreeding between different species or populations, and they can be classified into prezygotic and postzygotic barriers. Postzygotic barriers develop after fertilisation has taken place, whereas prezygotic barriers inhibit the creation of a zygote (fertilised egg). In this case, the rejection of suitors with the wrong type of beak occurs before mating and thus represents a prezygotic behavioral isolating mechanism.

This behavior ensures that finches with different beak types do not mate and produce offspring, which helps to maintain the genetic integrity of the different finch populations.

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The answer is: c. mesophilic. Mesophilic bacteria typically contain most of the pathogenic bacteria, as they thrive in moderate temperature ranges, which are similar to the temperatures found within the human body.

The term "mesophilic bacteria" refers to a group of microorganisms that prefer temperatures between 20°C and 45°C (68°F and 113°F). They are frequently discovered in a wide range of settings, including soil, water, and animal digestive systems. The production of food, biotechnology, and wastewater treatment are only a few industrial operations that benefit from the presence of several species of mesophilic bacteria. Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Streptococcus thermophilus are a few examples of mesophilic bacteria. Because of their capacity to metabolise nutrients and decompose organic materials, these bacteria are essential. However, if they are present in sufficient quantities or under specific circumstances, they may also make people and animals sick.

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Answer:

1st second third fouth

Explanation:

because it 1st second third foruth

The phase of mitosis pictured is Anaphase. In this phase, each pair of chromosomes is separated into two identical, independent chromosomes and pulled by the mitotic spindle to opposite poles of the cell.

During anaphase II of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis, splitting of the centromere is followed by separation of sister chromatids. These sister chromatids are now called daughter chromosomes. The daughter chromosomes move towards opposite poles of the cell.

However, the cells in anaphase II are haploid since homologous chromosomes have been separated from each other during anaphase I. On the other hand, the cells in anaphase of mitosis are diploid and the resultant daughter cells are also diploid.

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A modification of the digestive epithelium that allows expansion of the organ is the presence of folds or pleats.

D is the correct answer.

As food and drink are consumed, Rugae, which are ridges on the inside wall of the stomach, allow the stomach to enlarge. A third layer of smooth muscle, known as the inner oblique muscles, is also present in the stomach wall. These muscles support the peristaltic contractions, which are responsible for turning the bolus into chyme.

In order to maximise food absorption and digestion, the small intestinal mucosa's lining is extremely highly specialised. Villi, which enhance the surface area and aid in absorption, are formed by highly folded tiny finger-like projections on the lining.

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Once food is broken down into chemical monomers, the digestive system works by a means of absorption to move nutrients from the digestive tract into the cells of the body.

The process of moving nutrients, water, and other substances through the digestive tract's walls and into the bloodstream, where they can be delivered to the body's cells, is referred to as absorption.

The small intestine, where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs, is where the absorption process starts. Villi, which resemble tiny fingers and are lining the small intestinal walls, expand the surface area available for absorption.

The villi absorb nutrients, which are subsequently transferred over the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream, where they are then distributed to the rest of the body by the liver. Different processes are used to absorb certain nutrients.

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The term "radioactivity" was "coined" by Marie and Pierre Curie, the correct option is (d).

Radioactivity is the phenomenon where certain nuclei of atoms undergo spontaneous decay, emitting particles and/or electromagnetic radiation in the process. Marie and Pierre Curie made several groundbreaking discoveries in the field of radioactivity, including the discovery of two new elements, polonium, and radium, which were highly radioactive.

Marie Curie's contributions to the field of radioactivity were significant, and she was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics for her work on radioactivity in 1903. She later won a second Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 for her discovery and isolation of radium and polonium, the correct option is (d).

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Option b is correct. Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during Anaphase.

The sister chromatids develop into full-fledged chromosomes and are driven apart to the opposite poles of the cell during the phase known as anaphase during the process of cell division in mitosis.

The centromeres, which serve as links between sister chromatids, are split apart during anaphase, resulting in the formation of distinct chromosomes from the two chromatids.

Before anaphase, the chromosomes align along the cell's equator during metaphase, and the nuclear membrane disintegrates, and the spindle fibers bind to the chromosomes during prometaphase. The chromosomes reach their respective poles during telophase.

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Complete question

Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during _____.

a. telophase

b. anaphase

c. metaphase

d. interphase

The division of centromeres and transformation of sister chromatids into full fledged chromosomes occurs during the anaphase phase of cell division.

Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during the anaphase stage of cell division. During this phase, the paired chromosomes (sister chromatids) that were linked by the centromere are pulled apart by spindle fibers toward opposite ends of the cell. This process ensures that each new cell will have a complete set of chromosomes. Prior to anaphase, in metaphase, the sister chromatids align at the cell's equator, attached at the centromere. But it is in anaphase where the separation actually occurs, transforming each sister chromatid into a full-fledged chromosome.

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Resting membrane potential is due to unequal concentrations of ions.

The list includes specifically sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-), on either side of the cell membrane.

This is established by the action of ion pumps and ion channels within the membrane, which maintain a higher concentration of Na+ and Cl- outside the cell, and a higher concentration of K+ inside the cell.

This creates a negative charge inside the cell relative to the outside, resulting in a resting membrane potential of around -70mV in many cells.

The other options listed, such as acids and bases, phospholipids and proteins, and water molecules, do not play a direct role in establishing the resting membrane potential, although they are all important components of the cell membrane and its functions.

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The resting membrane potential results from unequal concentrations of ions, primarily sodium and potassium, in and out of the cell. This balance is maintained by ion leakage, ion pumping, and selective permeability created by ion channels, and is a key factor enabling the generation of electric signals in the nervous system.

The Resting membrane potential is due to unequal concentrations of ions inside and outside of the cell, rather than unequal concentrations of acids and bases, phospholipids and proteins or water molecules. A balance between ion leakage and ion pumping helps maintain the steady state of the cell known as the resting membrane potential.

This balance is primarily managed by leakage channels that allow the ions, mostly Na⁺ (Sodium) and K⁺ (Potassium), to slowly move in and out of the cell. A key player in this balance is the Na⁺/K⁺ pump that restores the ions, a process that is critical for maintaining the membrane potential.

In a resting neuron cell, the inside is approximately 70 millivolts more negative than the outside (-70 mV). This difference is mostly a result of the sodium-potassium pump in the membrane, which contributes to the different ion concentrations inside and outside of the cell by bringing in two K⁺ ions and removing three Na⁺ ions. This process consumes one ATP molecule per turn, accounting for up to 50 percent of a neuron's ATP usage.

Last, the exact resting membrane potential value varies slightly from cell to cell. However, -70 mV is the most commonly used value. Changes in the resting membrane potential generate the electric currents along the membrane that serve as signals in the nervous system.

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The given statement  "Soil moisture of about 30% to 45% of saturation is the best for survival of pathogens" is true because Soil moisture can have a significant impact on the survival and growth of pathogens in soil.

Soil moisture levels between 30% and 45% of saturation have been proven in certain research to be ideal for the survival and proliferation of numerous soil-borne diseases.

This is due to the fact that these moisture levels strike a balance between the availability of water and the oxygen required for respiration by both diseases and plants.

Excessive soil moisture can cause waterlogging and anaerobic conditions, reducing oxygen availability and favouring the growth of anaerobic microbes that can be damaging to plants.

Too little soil moisture, on the other hand, can cause drought stress and impair plants' ability to fight pathogen infection.

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Answer:

The most serious complication of untreated strep throat is rheumatic fever, which results in joint pain and swelling and sometimes heart damage.

The less serious complications is that scarlet fever can lead to ear and sinus infections, swollen neck glands and pus around the tonsils.

The direction of force is related to the direction of the peaks of the mountains because force is the result of the tectonic plates colliding, which can cause the mountain rocks to uplift, thereby forming the peaks.

Tectonic plates are large pieces of Earth's crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. They move and interact with each other, and are responsible for the formation of the Earth's landscape, volcanoes, and earthquakes. They are composed of the Earth's lithosphere and float on the asthenosphere. The boundaries between tectonic plates are called either convergent, where two plates meet and one moves beneath the other, divergent, where two plates move away from each other and create new crust, or transform, where two plates slide past each other.

Force is a push or pull on an object that results from the object's interaction with another object. Every object in the universe is affected by various forces, and this can be seen whenever two or more objects interact. Forces can cause objects to accelerate, slow down, stay still, or change direction. In addition, forces can act over a distance, and can even be attractive or repulsive. Forces come from many sources, such as gravity, friction, and electromagnetic fields.

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The given statement, "Indeterminacy can result in garbled program output," is true because Indeterminacy in a program refers to situations where the outcome of an operation or function cannot be predicted with certainty.

This can happen due to various factors such as non-deterministic inputs, race conditions, or bugs in the code. When indeterminacy occurs in a program, it can lead to unpredictable or unexpected behavior, which can result in garbled program output. Garbled program output refers to output that is distorted, corrupted, or otherwise unreadable or unusable.

This can happen when the program produces output that is not in the expected format or is missing critical information due to indeterminacy. For example, if a program is designed to generate a report based on a set of inputs, and the output is garbled due to indeterminacy, the report may be unreadable or missing important information.

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Apical meristems (c) occur in both roots and shoots of plants.

Apical meristems are regions in plants containing undifferentiated cells that undergo rapid cell division, leading to growth. They can be found at the tips of both roots and shoots, playing a crucial role in the overall development of a plant.

In roots, apical meristems are responsible for the growth and elongation of the root system, allowing the plant to anchor itself firmly in the soil and absorb water and nutrients efficiently. In shoots, apical meristems are located at the tips of stems and branches, enabling the plant to grow vertically, reach sunlight, and produce new leaves, flowers, and fruits.

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The major function of meristems in plants is to undergo mitosis to produce more cells.

Meristems are responsible for the growth and development of plants .And they produce the structures of flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. They do not photosynthesize or attract pollinators by producing color or scent,

but they do absorb ions by producing root hairs to aid in the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil. However, the production of flowers by meristems may attract pollinators, which is important for plant reproduction.

The major function of meristems in plants is d) undergo mitosis to produce more cells. Meristems are regions of undifferentiated, actively dividing cells that contribute to the growth and development of Plant structures.

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Research frequently involves giving potentially hazardous drugs to healthy volunteers; this practice is only inappropriate if the patient does not provide informed consent or if the risk of the drug clearly outweighs the study's possible benefits.

1. An organization called an ethics committee is in charge of making sure that medical research and experimentation on human subjects are done in compliance with both domestic and international legislation.

2. Similar to how critical medications are frequently refused to ill patients during scientific trials, this practice is only permissible when the patient has not provided informed consent or when the risk of doing so outweighs the potential rewards of the study .

Although the Roman numeral might be more alluring as a counterargument, we cannot necessarily assume that all, or even most, patients with schizophrenia cannot give informed consent.

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The pair of ligaments covered by laryngeal epithelium that function in sound production are the vocal cords or vocal folds.

The vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are a pair of ligaments covered by laryngeal that are located within the larynx, or voice box. They play a critical role in sound production by vibrating when air is passed over them, producing sound waves that can be modified by the muscles of the larynx, mouth, and throat to produce speech and other vocalizations. The vocal cords are composed of layers of muscle, connective tissue, and mucous membrane. They are controlled by several muscles, including the thyroarytenoid muscle, which is responsible for adjusting the tension on the vocal cords to produce different pitches and tones.

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Sometimes when two different species mate, they can produce viable offspring, which are known as hybrids.

A hybrid is a result of interbreeding between two different species that have different genetic characteristics. Hybrids can occur in both plants and animals and are often the result of closely related species interbreeding.

For example, a liger is a hybrid offspring of a male lion and a female tiger, and a mule is a hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. While hybrids can be viable, they may be sterile or have reduced fertility, which can limit their ability to reproduce and contribute to the evolution of new species.

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The correct pairing of structure and function is Artery: carries oxygenated blood. Therefore the correct option is option B.

Arteries are blood arteries that transport blood from the heart to numerous organs and tissues throughout the body. To handle the great pressure of blood flowing away from the heart, the walls of arteries are thick and muscular.

Arteries transport oxygenated blood rich in oxygen and nutrients to tissues that require them. Veins, on the other hand, transport deoxygenated blood that has already been utilised by the body's tissues and must be returned to the heart and lungs to be re-oxygenated.

As a result, option B) is the correct structure-function pairing. Therefore the correct option is option B.

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Somatic cells in humans contain two sets of chromosomes and are therefore termed diploid. So, the correct answer is option E.

The reason for this is that each somatic cell has two sets of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father.

A haploid pair of chromosomes is one in which all of the chromosomes are the same number. The two haploid sets combine to form a diploid set.

The most fundamental form of cell in the human body, diploid cells are in charge of the majority of cell division, growth, and repair.

Genetic information on the two sets of chromosomes is passed down from one generation to the next and is used to predict each person's traits and characteristics.

Since they are responsible for producing the gametes (sperm and egg cells) that will ultimately be used to form a new human, diploid cells are also crucial for reproduction.

Complete Question:

Somatic cells in humans contain __________ set(s) of chromosomes and are therefore termed __________.

A. one; diploid

B. two; haploid

C. one; haploid

D. three; triploid

E. two; diploid

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