A flat organizational structure, also known as a horizontal or decentralized structure, is an organizational that one may prefer as there is minimal or no middle management levels between top management and front line employees. It minimizes or eliminates traditional levels of hierarchy and distributes decision-making authority to all the employees.
Key features and characteristics of having a flat organization structure:
Empower and boost employees morale by giving them more autonomy and responsibility. It helps to foster collaborative work.Promotes efficient communication in terms of faster problem-solving, idea sharing, and innovation.Employees are in direct contact with customers. Thus, helps in focus customers needs and preference.Promotes greater efficiency and cost savings.It is flexible and easily adaptable.However, This type of organizational structure may not be suitable for all. The decision to adopt mainly depend upon organizational culture, size, nature of work and various other factors.
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Which of the following could cause an increase in the supply of peanut butter? Instructions: You may select more than one answer. Click the box with a check mark for correct answers and click to empty the box for the wrong answers. An increase in the number of firms in the market. A decrease in the price of peanut butter. An improvement in technology. A decrease in the expected future price of peanut butter. An increase in the price of jelly
An increase in the number of firms in the market, a decrease in the price of peanut butter, and an improvement in technology can cause an increase in the supply of peanut butter.
The following factors could cause an increase in the supply of peanut butter:
1. An increase in the number of firms in the market: If more firms enter the peanut butter market, it can lead to increased production and supply of peanut butter. More competition among firms may result in higher production levels to capture market share.
2. A decrease in the price of peanut butter: A decrease in the price of peanut butter can incentivize producers to increase their supply. Lower prices may lead to reduced profit margins, prompting producers to expand their output to maintain profitability.
3. An improvement in technology: Technological advancements in the production process, such as more efficient machinery or streamlined processes, can increase productivity and lower production costs. This can lead to an increase in the supply of peanut butter as producers can produce more with the same resources.
4. A decrease in the expected future price of peanut butter: If producers anticipate a future decrease in the price of peanut butter, they may increase their supply in the present to avoid potential losses. This expectation of lower prices can drive an increase in supply.
It's important to note that an increase in the price of jelly (the last option) would not directly cause an increase in the supply of peanut butter. The price of a complementary good like jelly typically affects the demand for peanut butter, not its supply. An increase in the price of jelly may lead to a decrease in demand for peanut butter, which could influence production decisions, but it would not directly impact the supply of peanut butter itself.
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Consider the following model of wages. wage; = Bo + B₁educi + B₂exper; + B3marriedį + B4kids; + €į Where wage, is the wage earned by the ith individual, educ; is their years of completed education, exper; is the number of years of work experience an individual has accumu- lated, married, is a dummy variable taking a value of 1 if the individual is married and kids; is the number of children of school age the individual has caring responsibilities for. (a) Explain how a structural break in the model across genders might affect the model presented in (3). What might be the differences in two of the parameters of the model presented in that you expect to see?
Structural break implies that there is a change in the model due to some unforeseen and unusual event.
When there is a structural break in the model across genders, the variables that are different for men and women will have different parameters in the model. For example, the parameter of education in the model for women might be different from the parameter of education in the model for men. This might happen due to various reasons.
If there is a structural break in the model across genders, the model presented in equation (3) will be different for men and women. For example, the parameter of education (B₁) for men might be higher than the parameter of education for women. This might be due to the fact that women are not encouraged to complete their education in some cultures, and thus their parameter for education might be lower.
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Suppose Stan earned $115,000 in 1947. If the CPI was 82 in 1947, and was 246 in 1990, what is Stan Musial’s 1947 salary in 1990 dollars? If the real value of an item bought ten years ago is less than it’s nominal value at that time, what can one infer about the change in the overall price level during this ten year period? If the inflation rate decreased from 3.33% to 2.90% between October and November, while the nominal interest rate increased from 4.75% to 4.80%, what is the real interest rate in November? Suppose you paid 50 cents for a candy in 1970. The CPI in 1970 was 38.8, while the CPI in 2010 was 218.1. What is the value of the same candy in 2010 dollars?
Stan Musial's 1947 salary in 1990 dollars would be approximately $344,512.20.
To calculate Stan Musial's 1947 salary in 1990 dollars, we need to adjust for inflation using the Consumer Price Index (CPI). We can use the CPI ratio to convert the value from one year to another.
First, we calculate the CPI ratio between 1990 and 1947:
CPI ratio = CPI in 1990 / CPI in 1947 = 246 / 82 = 3.
Next, we multiply the 1947 salary by the CPI ratio:
1947 salary in 1990 dollars = 1947 salary * CPI ratio = $115,000 * 3 = $345,000.
Therefore, Stan Musial's 1947 salary in 1990 dollars would be approximately $344,512.20 when rounded to two decimal places.
If the real value of an item bought ten years ago is less than its nominal value at that time, it suggests that the overall price level has increased during the ten-year period. Inflation erodes the purchasing power of money over time, leading to higher prices for goods and services.
To calculate the real interest rate in November, we subtract the inflation rate from the nominal interest rate:
Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rate = 4.80% - 2.90% = 1.90%.
Therefore, the real interest rate in November would be 1.90%.
To calculate the value of the candy in 2010 dollars, we need to adjust for inflation using the CPI ratio between 2010 and 1970:
CPI ratio = CPI in 2010 / CPI in 1970 = 218.1 / 38.8 = 5.62.
Next, we multiply the price of the candy in 1970 by the CPI ratio:
Value of the candy in 2010 dollars = Price in 1970 * CPI ratio = $0.50 * 5.62 = $2.81.
Therefore, the value of the same candy in 2010 dollars would be $2.81.
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Which of the following is not one of the 5 questions in Graham Tucker's original approach to ethical decision making?
a. Is it profitable
b. Is it right?
c. Is it fair?
d. Is it legal?
e. Does it demonstrate the virtues expected?
The option "Is it profitable" is not one of the five questions in Graham Tucker's original approach to ethical decision making. The correct option is a.
Graham Tucker's original approach to ethical decision making is often referred to as the "Tucker's 5 Question Model." The five questions are designed to guide individuals in evaluating the ethical implications of their actions and choices. They are as follows:
b. Is it right? This question addresses the fundamental ethical aspect of the decision, questioning whether the action aligns with moral principles, values, and ethical standards.
c. Is it fair? This question focuses on the fairness and justice of the decision, considering the potential impact on all parties involved and assessing whether the decision treats individuals equitably.
d. Is it legal? This question examines the decision's compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and legal requirements.
e. Does it demonstrate the virtues expected? This question relates to the ethical virtues and values that are expected in a particular context or situation. It assesses whether the decision aligns with virtues such as honesty, integrity, empathy, and responsibility.
The option "a. Is it profitable" does not appear in Tucker's original five-question model. While profitability can be an important consideration in business decision-making, Tucker's model emphasizes ethical aspects rather than solely focusing on financial outcomes.
In summary, the question "a. Is it profitable" is not part of Graham Tucker's original approach to ethical decision making, which includes questions about the rightness of the action, fairness, legality, and demonstration of expected virtues.
Therefore the correct answer is option a.
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Case 1: Country A bans the import of mackerel and mackerel-related products from country B. Country A states that this measure is totally compliance to GATT Article XX(g) as quoted below. From the above situation: 1. Which agency will deal with this dispute? Why? 2. Discuss WTO principle which is applicable to the situation 3. Choose country A or country B and try to protect its interest based on GATT provisions. GATT Article XX: General Exceptions Subject to the requirement that such measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on international trade, nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent the adoption or enforcement by any contracting party of measures: (g) relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources if such measures are made effective in conjunction with restrictions on domestic production or consumption
The agency that will deal with this dispute is the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
The DSB is responsible for resolving disputes between WTO member countries. In this case, if country B challenges country A's ban on importing mackerel, the DSB will assess whether country A's measure complies with GATT Article XX(g) and other relevant WTO provisions.
Country A must demonstrate that the ban is necessary for conserving exhaustible natural resources, does not unjustifiably discriminate or restrict trade, and is implemented in conjunction with restrictions on domestic production or consumption. The DSB will consider arguments and evidence from both countries and make a ruling on the matter.
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Which of the following is incorrect? Where A=Assets, L=Liabilities and C=Capital
All figures are in Ghana Cedis.
A.A=7,850 L=1,250 C=6,600.
B. A=8,200 L= 2,800 C= 5,400.
C. A=9,550 L= 1,150 C= 8,200.
D. A=6,540 L= 1,120C= 5,420.
E. None of the above.
There is not incorrect option given as per accounting equation A = L + C. The correct answer is option E. None of the above.
By examining each option, we can determine if the given values for assets (A), liabilities (L), and capital (C) are correct or incorrect.
Option A: A = 7,850, L = 1,250, C = 6,600. These values are consistent with the accounting equation A = L + C, so option A is correct.
Option B: A = 8,200, L = 2,800, C = 5,400. These values are consistent with the accounting equation A = L + C, so option B is correct.
Option C: A = 9,550, L = 1,150, C = 8,200. These values are consistent with the accounting equation A = L + C, so option C is correct.
Option D: A = 6,540, L = 1,120, C = 5,420. These values are consistent with the accounting equation A = L + C, so option D is correct.
Since all the given options satisfy the accounting equation A = L + C, we can conclude that none of the options are incorrect. Therefore, the answer is E. None of the above.
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Kingbird, Inc. assembled the following information in completing its March bank reconciliation: Balance per bank $16216 Outstanding checks $2830 Deposits in transit $4600 NSF check $292 Bank service charge $90 Cash balance per books $16050 As a result of this reconciliation, Kingbird will 7 reduce its cash account by $382. O reduce its cash account by $90. O reduce its cash account by $1770. O increase its cash account by $202.
Kingbird, Inc. will reduce its cash account by $554 as a result of the bank reconciliation.
Based on the information provided, the outstanding checks and NSF checks are deducted from the balance per bank, and the deposits in transit are added to the balance per bank. Additionally, the bank service charge is deducted from the cash balance per book.
Calculating the adjusted cash balance:
Balance per bank: $16,216
Outstanding checks: -$2,830
Deposits in transit: +$4,600
NSF check: -$292
Bank service charge: -$90
Adjusted cash balance = $16,216 - $2,830 + $4,600 - $292 - $90 = $17,604
Comparing the adjusted cash balance to the cash balance per book ($16,050), we find a difference of $554. Since the adjusted cash balance is higher than the cash balance per book, the cash account will be reduced by $554 to reconcile the balances.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
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The question is -
Kingbird, Inc. assembled the following information in completing its March bank reconciliation: Balance per bank $16216 Outstanding checks $2830 Deposits in transit $4600 NSF check $292 Bank service charge $90 Cash balance per book $16050 As a result of this reconciliation, Kingbird will
A. 7 reduces its cash account by $554.
B. reduce its cash account by $90.
C. reduce its cash account by $1770.
D. increase its cash account by $202.
7. The multiplier and the MPC Consider two closed economies that are identical except for their marginal propensity to consume (MPC). Each economy is currently in equilibrium with real GDP and aggrega
The multiplier and the MPC Consider two closed economies that are identical except for their marginal propensity to consume (MPC). Each economy is currently in equilibrium with real GDP and aggregate expenditures of $12 trillion. Investment spending increases by $1 trillion in both economies.
a. Calculate the multiplier for each economy if one economy has an MPC of 0.5 and the other has an MPC of 0.75.b. What are the new levels of GDP in each economy?The multiplier and the MPC (Marginal Propensity to Consume) are used to predict changes in an economy based on changes in spending.
The MPC is the amount of each additional dollar of income that households spend.The formula for the multiplier is 1/MPS or 1/1-MPC. So, if one economy has an MPC of 0.5, then the MPS (Marginal Propensity to Save) is 1 - MPC = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5. The multiplier would then be 1/MPS or 1/0.5 = 2.If the other economy has an MPC of 0.75, then the MPS is 1 - MPC = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25. The multiplier would then be 1/MPS or 1/0.25 = 4.
The investment spending increased by $1 trillion in both economies, so the total increase in spending would be $1 trillion x 2 = $2 trillion. The formula for the change in GDP is ΔY = k x ΔSpending, where ΔY is the change in GDP, k is the multiplier, and ΔSpending is the change in spending.a. Economy 1Multiplier = 2ΔY = k x ΔSpendingΔY = 2 x $1 trillionΔY = $2 trillionThe new level of GDP would be $12 trillion + $2 trillion = $14 trillion. b. Economy 2Multiplier = 4ΔY = k x ΔSpendingΔY = 4 x $1 trillionΔY = $4 trillionThe new level of GDP would be $12 trillion + $4 trillion = $16 trillion.
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1. Jim owns four separate activities. He elects not to group them together as a single activity under the "appropriate economic unit" standard. Jim participates for 140 hours in Activity A, 130 hours in Activity B, 140 hours in Activity C, and 100 hours in Activity D. He has one employee who works 135 hours in Activity D. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Jim is a material participant with respect to Activities A, B, C and D.
B) Jim is a material participant with respect to Activities A, B and C.
C) Losses from all of the activities can be used to offset Jim's active income.
D) Activities A, B, C, and D are all significant participation activities.
The correct statement about Jim from the information above is this: B) Jim is a material participant with respect to Activities A, B, and C.
Who is a material participant?A material participant is a taxpayer who is actively involved in the business on a regular basis.
According to the description of Jim, we learn that in Activities A, B, and C, Jim participates actively but in the fourth activity, he designates some of the work to his employee and this cancels the requirement for active participation. So, the best description for Jim is option B.
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You have been appointed to lead the Big Data and Data Analytics division at an Australian fintech company called Raiz Invest Limited. Launched in June 2016, Raiz Invest is a micro-investment services platform that enables customers to invest in a range of diversified portfolio investment options for a fixed monthly service fee. The fee is payable only if their investment balance is greater than $5AUD. The company has now grown to over 190,000 customers as of August 2019. Other than the investment service, Raiz has expanded to offer Raiz Rewards (a rewards program that invests a proportion of purchase amount from partnering companies into the customer's Raiz investment account), and Raiz Super along with life insurance. Your goal is to design a Big Data strategy plan that identifies the key issues and opportunities for the business, present recommendations to better achieve the objectives, and convince the Raiz executive team to invest in your Big Data project. You need to formulate a big data strategy plan which complies with the following criteria. It must be • feasible, • coherent, imaginative and/or novel, actionable and realistic, ethical and sustainable, and • profitable. In part 2 of your report, you must include the following material: (a) Identify what you believe should be Raiz Invest's key business initiatives over the next 9 to 12 months. (b) Select one of your business initiatives, and then critically evaluate the key business entities that impact that selected business initiative. NB It is around the individual business entities that we want to capture the behaviours, tendencies, patterns, trends, preferences, etc. at the individual business entity level. (c) Evaluate the key decisions that will need to be made about each key business entity with respect to the targeted business initiative. (d) Provide a grouping of the decisions you have identified into common use cases: cluster those decisions that seem similar in their business or financial objectives. (e) Identify different data sources that you might need to support the categories you have identified: (i) Identify potential internal structured (transactional data sources, operational data sources) (ii) unstructured (consumer comments, notes, work orders, purchase requests) data sources (iii) Identify potential external data sources (social media, blogs, publicly available, websites, mobile apps) that you also might want to consider. (f) Use the data assessment worksheets to determine the relative business value and implementation feasibility of each of the identified data sources with respect to the different use cases. (g) Finally, use the prioritization matrix to rank each of the use cases vis- à-vis business value and implementation feasibility over the next 9 to 12 months.
Raiz Invest's key business initiatives over the next 9 to 12 months should include the following:Launching new diversified portfolio investment options, Expanding Raiz Rewards by forming new partnerships with companies and reaching out to potential customers.
Expanding Raiz Super and life insurance offering,Increasing customer base by reaching out to new customer segments with targeted marketing campaigns. The selected business initiative is "Launching new diversified portfolio investment options." The key business entities that impact this initiative include the target audience, the portfolio management team, and the marketing team.
Key decisions that will need to be made about each key business entity with respect to the targeted business initiative include Portfolio management team the grouping of decisions identified can be clustered into the following common use cases target audience segmentation and targeting Portfolio selection and allocation Marketing strategy and channel selection e) Different data sources that might be needed to support the categories identified include internal structured data sources.
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Greenville purchased land and a building for $300,000. An appraisal indicates that the land's market value is $32,500 and that the building's market value is $292,500 How much of the purchase price should be allocated to the land? How much of the purchase price should be allocated to the building?
a. Land: $32,500, Building: $292,500
b. Land: $270,000, Building: $30,000
c. Land: $30,000, Building $270,000
d. Land $292,500, Building: $32,500
The allocation of the purchase price to Land would be $30,000 and to the Building would be $270,000. The correct answer is option (c).
We can make use of the market values provided in the appraisal to calculate how much of the purchase price should be allocated to the land and building. Total purchase price would be allocated in the proportion of market values of the land and the building.
The total market value is the sum of the land's market value and the building's market value:
Total Market Value = Land Market Value + Building Market Value
Total Market Value = $32,500 + $292,500 = $325,000
Allocation of the purchase price:
Land Allocation = (Land Market Value / Total Market Value) × Purchase Price
Land Allocation = ($32,500 / $325,000) × $300,000 = $30,000
Building Allocation = (Building Market Value / Total Market Value) × Purchase Price
Building Allocation = ($292,500 / $325,000) × $300,000 = $270,000
This matches the option (c)
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List and discuss at least three causes of small business
failure.
Small business failure can be attributed to various factors. Here are three common causes: Insufficient Capital and Cash Flow, Ineffective Business Planning and Strategy, Poor Management and Leadership.
Small business failure can be attributed to various factors. Here are three common causes:
Insufficient Capital and Cash Flow: A lack of adequate capital and ongoing cash flow is one of the primary causes of small business failure. Insufficient funds can lead to an inability to cover operating expenses, pay suppliers, invest in marketing efforts, or handle unexpected costs. Many new businesses underestimate the amount of capital required to sustain operations during the early stages when revenue might be limited. Additionally, poor cash flow management, such as delayed payments from customers or excessive spending, can exacerbate the problem. Without proper financial planning and access to necessary funds, businesses may struggle to stay afloat.
Ineffective Business Planning and Strategy: Another common cause of small business failure is a lack of comprehensive business planning and ineffective strategic decision-making. Inadequate market research, failure to identify target customers, or an inability to adapt to changing market conditions can lead to subpar product-market fit. Insufficient competitive analysis and failure to differentiate from competitors can hinder growth and sustainability. A solid business plan that outlines clear goals, strategies, and contingencies is crucial for small businesses to navigate challenges effectively.
Poor Management and Leadership: The quality of management and leadership significantly impacts the success or failure of a small business. Inadequate managerial skills, lack of industry knowledge, or an inability to effectively lead and motivate employees can hinder growth and profitability. Poor decision-making, such as excessive risk-taking or failure to delegate responsibilities, can have detrimental effects on various aspects of the business. Additionally, insufficient communication, a lack of transparency, and an inability to adapt to changing circumstances can lead to internal issues and hamper the overall performance of the business.
It's important to note that these causes are not exhaustive, and other factors such as intense competition, economic downturns, legal and regulatory challenges, and external market forces can also contribute to small business failure. Successful entrepreneurs and small business owners need to be proactive, adaptive, and continuously evaluate their operations to mitigate these risks and increase the chances of long-term success.
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A bank is offering an interest rate of 6.00% per year, compounded every 2 months. What is the effective annual interest rate?
The effective annual interest rate is 6.16% when interest is compounded every 2 months at an interest rate of 6% per year.
Nominal interest rate = 6.00%
Compounding periods = 12 / 2 = 6 periods
We need to use the effective annual interest rate formula to calculate the interest rate for every 2 months.
The annual interest rate = (1 + (basic interest rate ÷ number of compounding years))^(number of compounding periods) - 1
substituting the values in the formula,
Effective annual interest rate = [tex](1 + (0.06 / 6))^6 - 1[/tex]
Effective annual interest rate = [tex](1.01)^6 - 1[/tex]
Effective annual interest rate = 1.061 - 1
Effective annual interest rate = 6.16%
Therefore, we can conclude that the effective annual interest rate is 6.16% when interest is compounded every 2 months.
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The income from operations and the amount of invested assets in each division of Beck Industries are as follows: Income from Operations Invested Assets $136,400 104,500 69,700 Retail Division Commerci
The Retail Division has the very best ROI of approximately 130%, accompanied by the Internet Division with an ROI of about a 100%, and the Commercial Division with an ROI of approximately 13%.
To compute the go-back on investment (ROI) for each division of Beck Industries, we divide the earnings from operations by way of the invested property and express it as a percent.
A. Return on Investment (ROI) for each department:
Retail Division:
ROI = (Income from Operations / Invested Assets) * 100
ROI = ($136,400 / $104,500) * a hundred
ROI ≈ 130%
Commercial Division:
ROI = (Income from Operations / Invested Assets) * 100
ROI = ($69,700 / $550,000) * one hundred
ROI ≈13%
Internet Division:
ROI = (Income from Operations / Invested Assets) * a hundred
ROI = ($410,000 / $410,000) * 100
ROI ≈100%
b. To determine which division is the maximum worthwhile in line with dollars invested, we evaluate the ROI probabilities.
The Retail Division has the best ROI of approximately 130%, accompanied by means of the Internet Division with an ROI of approximately a hundred%, and the Commercial Division with an ROI of about 13%.
Based on the ROI possibilities, the Retail Division is the maximum worthwhile per dollar invested, because it generates the best go-back in comparison to its investment property.
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The correct question is:
"The income from operations and the amount of invested assets in each division of Beck Industries are as follows: Income from Operations Invested Assets $136,400 104,500 69,700 Retail Division Commercial Division Internet Division a. Compute the return on investment for each division. (Round to the nearest whole number.) Percent Division Retail Division % Commercial Division Internet Division b. Which division is the most profitable per dollar invested? % $620,000 550,000 410,000 %"
<3> As discussed in class, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) is a popular type of debt instrument:
a) What is a TIPS? How is it different from regular treasury securities.
b) Suppose you purchased a TIPS with a par value of $1 million. The coupon rate is 3.2%. Assume that the inflation in first six months is 3.6% (annual rate). Compute (i) inflation adjusted principal at the end of the first six months, (ii) the coupon payment at the end of the first six months.
c) Assume that the inflation in the second half year is 4.0% (annual rate). Compute (i) inflation adjusted principal at the end of the second six months, (ii) the coupon payment at the end of the second six months.
<4> Suppose the repo rate for a T-bond is 4.15%, and the haircut for an overnight repo is 2%. You plan to buy 100 T-bonds with $1K price per bond today, and sell it in the following day.
a) How much of the purchase price can you borrow by repoing out the bond? How much your own capital should be added to purchase the 100 T-bonds?
b) How much Repo interest will you have to pay tomorrow?
c) What bond prices tomorrow would have wiped out the margin (i.e., lose your own capital)?
3 a) TIPS are debt instruments that protect investors from inflation by adjusting their principal value based on changes in the CPI. b) (i) Inflation-adjusted principal at the end of the first six months: $1,018,000 (ii) Coupon payment at the end of the first six months: $16,288 c) (i) Inflation-adjusted principal at the end of the second six months: $1,038. (ii) The coupon payment at the end of the second six months is $16,613.12.
a) Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) are a type of debt instrument issued by the U.S. Treasury. They are designed to protect investors from inflation by adjusting their principal value based on changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Unlike regular treasury securities, TIPS provide investors with protection against inflation.
b) (i) The inflation-adjusted principal at the end of the first six months can be calculated by multiplying the original principal value by the inflation factor. In this case, the inflation factor would be 1 + (0.036/2) since the inflation rate is given on an annual basis and we need to adjust it for a six-month period. Therefore, the inflation-adjusted principal would be $1 million * (1 + (0.036/2)) = $1,018,000.
(ii) The coupon payment at the end of the first six months can be calculated by multiplying the inflation-adjusted principal by half of the coupon rate. In this case, the coupon payment would be $1,018,000 * (3.2%/2) = $16,288.
c) (i) Similarly, the inflation-adjusted principal at the end of the second six months can be calculated by multiplying the previous inflation-adjusted principal by the inflation factor for the second period. In this case, the inflation factor would be 1 + (0.04/2) since the inflation rate is given on an annual basis and we need to adjust it for a six-month period. Therefore, the inflation-adjusted principal would be $1,018,000 * (1 + (0.04/2)) = $1,038,360.
(ii) The coupon payment at the end of the second six months can be calculated in the same way as before. It would be $1,038,360 * (3.2%/2) = $16,613.12.
4 a) You can borrow $98,000 by repoing out the bonds, and you need to contribute $2,000 of your own capital to purchase the 100 T-bonds. b) You will have to pay $4,067 as repo interest tomorrow. c) Bond prices equal to or below $96,000 would wipe out the margin and result in losing your own capital.
<4> a) To calculate how much of the purchase price you can borrow by repoing out the bond, you first need to determine the haircut. The haircut is the percentage of the bond's value that is not eligible for borrowing. In this case, the haircut is 2%, so you can borrow 98% of the bond's value.
The purchase price for 100 T-bonds at $1,000 per bond would be:
Purchase price = 100 bonds * $1,000/bond = $100,000.
The amount you can borrow by repoing out the bond is:
Borrowing amount = Purchase price * (1 - Haircut) = $100,000 * (1 - 0.02) = $98,000.
To calculate your own capital required to purchase the 100 T-bonds, subtract the borrowing amount from the purchase price:
Own capital = Purchase price - Borrowing amount = $100,000 - $98,000 = $2,000.
b) The repo interest you will have to pay tomorrow can be calculated by multiplying the borrowing amount by the repo rate. In this case, the repo rate is 4.15%:
Repo interest = Borrowing amount * Repo rate = $98,000 * 0.0415 = $4,067.
c) To determine the bond prices tomorrow that would wipe out your margin, you need to consider the haircut and your own capital. The margin is the difference between the borrowing amount and your own capital.
Margin = Borrowing amount - Own capital = $98,000 - $2,000 = $96,000.
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With the review of the above case, identify and briefly present four legal cases of your choice grounded or demonstrating the three characteristics of a lease
The three characteristics of a lease include the transfer of the right of possession of the property from the landlord to the tenant, the tenant's obligation to pay rent to the landlord, and the duration of the lease agreement. Below are four legal cases that demonstrate these characteristics:
1. Black v. Mile High Dairy, Inc.In this case, Black and Mile High Dairy entered into a lease agreement that provided Black with exclusive use of a barn, corral, and a portion of the land. The agreement also stipulated the rental amount and duration of the lease. The court upheld the lease agreement, indicating that it demonstrated the three characteristics of a lease.
2. DuBose v. GreenhawIn DuBose v. Greenhaw, the court determined that a tenant who remained on the premises after the expiration of the lease became a tenant at will. The court held that the tenant's obligation to pay rent continued until either party terminated the lease. This case shows that the duration of the lease is an essential characteristic of a lease agreement.
3. Plantz v. TorelliIn Plantz v. Torelli, the landlord and tenant entered into an oral lease agreement for a term of one year. The tenant was required to pay rent and maintain the property. The court ruled that an oral lease agreement met the three characteristics of a lease, including the transfer of possession, the tenant's obligation to pay rent, and the duration of the lease.
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returning to private status once a company has been a public company group of answer choices is a way of raising more capital. is easy to accomplish. is an almost insurmountable task. occurs almost twice as often today as in the past. is not allowed by the securities and exchange commission (sec).
Returning to private status once a company has been a public company is not allowed by the securities and exchange commission (sec).
The securities and exchange commission (SEC) is an independent federal government regulatory body responsible for regulating the securities market. The agency's main goal is to promote transparency and defend investors. It is in charge of enforcing federal securities regulations, imposing penalties, and regulating the securities market. Hence, once a company has become a public company, it cannot go back to private status.
Why can't public companies go back to private status?The primary reason that public companies cannot return to private status is that it is not permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). When a corporation becomes a public company, it is required to meet certain requirements, including financial disclosure and the filing of routine reports. These disclosures are required for public firms because the SEC considers the public's interests.
As a result, the SEC will not allow firms to abandon their reporting responsibilities and privacy protections by converting to private corporations.In conclusion, returning to private status once a company has been a public company is not allowed by the securities and exchange commission (sec).
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You are currently working as a bond trader for Silverman Machs Investment Bank. The Reserve Bank has just increased interest rates and a client is requesting a quote for the cash price of a particular bond. Your screen below displays the new zero interest rates with continuous compounding.
The cash price of the bond would be $960.79. Note that this assumes that the bond has one year to maturity. If the bond has a different maturity date, the calculation would need to be adjusted accordingly.
As a bond trader for Silverman Machs Investment Bank, the Reserve Bank has just increased interest rates and a client is requesting a quote for the cash price of a particular bond. The bond traders take positions on bonds, so they buy and sell bonds in order to try to generate profits. When interest rates rise, bond prices tend to fall, as bond yields have an inverse relationship with bond prices. The cash price of a bond is equal to the present value of all future cash flows that it will generate, discounted at the current interest rate. To calculate the cash price of a bond with continuous compounding, we would use the formula:P = C * (1 - (1 + r)^-n)/r + FV * (1 + r)^-nwhere,P = price of the bond,C = coupon payment,FV = face value of the bond,r = interest rate per period,n = number of periods. In this case, we have a zero coupon bond, so there are no coupon payments.
Therefore, the cash price of the bond would be equal to the face value discounted at the current interest rate. If the face value of the bond is $1,000, and the current interest rate is 4%, the cash price of the bond would be:P = $1,000 * e^(-0.04 * 1)P = $1,000 * 0.96079P = $960.79Therefore, the cash price of the bond would be $960.79. Note that this assumes that the bond has one year to maturity. If the bond has a different maturity date, the calculation would need to be adjusted accordingly.
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Actuarially fair insurance Ann is a risk averse individual with the utility function u(w) = w0.5. Her current wealth is $300 and with the probability 0.25 she will incur a huge loss of D = $240, but with the probability 0.75 she will incur no loss. She is considering buying an insurance from the insurance firm "Very fair insurance". a) [2 points] The "Very fair insurance" firm sells the actuarially fair insurance to its customers. What premium would they charge Ann per dollar of insurance? b) [2 points] What is Ann's expected wealth if she insures for the amount I? How does it depend on I? c) [6 points] How much insurance is she going to buy? Is she fully insured? Explain and illustrate on a graph with wealth in the good state (no accident) on the horizontal axis and wealth in the bad state (accident) on the vertical axis.
a) The actuarially fair premium is $9.60 per dollar of insurance.
b) Ann's expected wealth is $234.40 if she insures for $60. It increases as she increases the amount of insurance she buys.
What amount of insurance will Ann buy?c) Ann will buy $60 of insurance. She is not fully insured because she is risk averse and would prefer to have a lower probability of a large loss, even if it means having a lower expected wealth.
Ann's expected wealth increases as she increases the amount of insurance she buys.
However, she will not buy more than $60 of insurance because the expected utility of $60 of insurance is higher than the expected utility of any amount of insurance greater than $60.
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Unearned revenue is classified as
a. an asset account.
b. a revenue account.
c. a contra-revenue account.
d. a liability account.
Unearned revenue is classified as a liability account.
Unearned revenue is referred to as a prepayment or deferred income as it involves receiving payment for a service that is yet to be provided or a product that is yet to be delivered. It is also termed as an advanced payment, as the payment is received in advance, but the delivery of service or goods is still pending.A company that has received money in advance for work that has not been performed or goods that have not yet been delivered should record the money as unearned revenue. This is so because the company has an obligation to either deliver goods or services to the customer. Thus, the unearned revenue is a liability account and is classified as such in the balance sheet of the company.If a company records an unearned revenue account, it means that the company has received advance payment from customers for products or services that it has not yet provided. The amount received by the company in the form of unearned revenue is classified as a liability since the company is liable to provide the promised goods or services to the customers.
Unearned revenue is a liability account. The reason for this classification is that the company has received the payment but has not provided the goods or services promised to the customers yet. Unearned revenue is a form of advanced payment received by the company and is recorded as a liability account in the balance sheet of the company.
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The four major market entry strategies are export, investment, countertrade and agents. True or false
The statement "The four major market entry strategies are export, investment, countertrade, and agents" is true.
Market entry strategies are the different methods that businesses can use to enter into new markets. There are four major types of market entry strategies: export, investment, countertrade, and agents. Exporting involves producing goods or services in one country and selling them in another country. This strategy is generally used by small businesses that want to expand their reach without investing a lot of money in the process.
Investment strategies involve directly investing in a foreign market by establishing a wholly-owned subsidiary, acquiring a local business, or forming a joint venture with a local partner. Countertrade is a strategy that involves exchanging goods or services instead of money. This strategy is typically used in countries where there are currency restrictions or a lack of foreign exchange reserves. Agents or intermediaries are individuals or firms that assist businesses in entering into new markets by providing marketing, distribution, and sales services.
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Discuss five advantages and five disadvantages of mobile
learning? （300 words）
Mobile learning offers numerous advantages, including flexibility, personalized learning experiences, interactivity, microlearning opportunities, and collaboration.
However, it also has disadvantages, such as technical issues, distractions, limited screen size and input options, and dependence on connectivity and internet access. Effective implementation of mobile learning should consider these factors and mitigate the drawbacks to ensure a successful learning experience.
Advantages of Mobile Learning:Flexibility and Accessibility: Mobile learning allows learners to access educational materials and resources anytime, anywhere, using their mobile devices. This flexibility enables learners to study at their own pace and in environments convenient to them.
Personalized Learning Experience: Mobile learning provides opportunities for personalized learning experiences. Learners can access content tailored to their individual needs and preferences, allowing for a more engaging and relevant learning experience.
Interactive and Engaging: Mobile devices offer multimedia capabilities, such as videos, interactive quizzes, and gamified learning activities. These features enhance learner engagement and motivation, making the learning process more enjoyable and effective.
Microlearning Opportunities: Mobile learning is well-suited for delivering bite-sized and focused learning modules. Learners can access short lessons or modules that can be completed in small pockets of time, making learning more manageable and accessible.
Collaborative Learning: Mobile devices enable learners to connect and collaborate with peers and instructors through various communication tools and social learning platforms. This fosters collaborative learning, knowledge sharing, and peer feedback.
Disadvantages of Mobile Learning:Technical Issues: Mobile learning heavily relies on technology, and technical issues such as device compatibility, connectivity problems, or software glitches can hinder the learning experience.
Distractions and Lack of Focus: Mobile devices can be a source of distractions, diverting learners' attention from the learning material. Notifications, social media, and other apps can disrupt concentration and hinder effective learning.
Limited Screen Size: Mobile devices have smaller screens compared to desktop computers or laptops, which may limit the amount of content that can be displayed. This can impact the presentation of complex visuals or detailed information.
Limited Input Options: Mobile devices typically have touchscreens, which may not be ideal for tasks that require extensive typing or complex input. This can be a limitation for certain types of assessments or interactive activities.
Connectivity and Internet Dependency: Mobile learning heavily relies on internet connectivity. Learners in areas with limited or unstable internet access may face challenges in accessing learning materials or participating in online activities.
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21: The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by: (a) everyone in the United States. (b) everyone in California. (c) everyone living on farms. (d) urban consumers
The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by: (d) urban consumers.
Correct answer (d) urban consumers
The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers. It is a statistical measure that records changes in the average prices of a defined group of goods and services that a typical consumer purchases. This index measures inflation by comparing the prices of commodities that an average consumer buys from year to year. A consumer price index measures changes in the average price of goods and services consumed by urban households, including food, clothing, shelter, energy, medical care, education, and other goods and services that people purchase for their use.
The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by: (d) urban consumers.
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Total revenue increases as output increases along sections of the demand curve that are: Multiple Choice A.upward sloping B.price elastic C.price inelastic D.downward sloping
Total revenue increases as output increases along sections of the demand curve that are price inelastic.
Price elasticity of demand is a term that refers to the responsiveness of demand to a change in price. When demand is price elastic, it indicates that demand is highly sensitive to changes in price.
In contrast, when demand is price inelastic, it indicates that demand is less sensitive to changes in price.
When the demand curve is price inelastic, total revenue increases as output increases and price decreases.What is the demand curve?The demand curve is a graph that shows how much of a particular good or service consumers are willing to buy at different prices.
The curve is downward sloping, meaning that as the price of the good or service increases, the quantity demanded decreases.
As the price of the good or service decreases, the quantity demanded increases. The point where the demand curve intersects with the supply curve is the equilibrium point, where the price and quantity of the good or service are both stable.
So, option c is the correct answer.
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According to the Five Forces Model developed by Harvard Business professor Michael Porter, all of the following are major factors that determine a company's standing in an industry, except for which one? Threat of entry of new competitors Bargaining power of suppliers Political and/or economic factors Threat of substitute products/services
According to the Five Forces Model developed by Michael Porter, the major factors that determine a company's standing in an industry are:
Threat of entry of new competitors
Bargaining power of suppliers
Threat of substitute products/services
Therefore, the factor that is not included in the Five Forces Model is political and/or economic factors.
The Five Forces Model analyzes the competitive environment of an industry and helps identify the factors that affect a company's profitability and competitiveness. The model focuses on five key forces that shape the industry: threat of entry of new competitors, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products/services, and intensity of competitive rivalry.
Political and economic factors, while important in assessing the overall business environment, are not explicitly part of the Five Forces Model. However, they can indirectly influence the five forces by shaping regulations, market conditions, and customer behavior. It's crucial for businesses to consider these external factors in their strategic analysis alongside the Five Forces Model to gain a comprehensive understanding of their industry and competitive position.
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Extend Credit Period. er 23, Smith Electrical asks McDonald Supply Co. to accept $100 cash and a 60-day, 10%, o replace its existing $600 Account Payable. Prepare the journal entry Smith Electrical wi
The weighted average accumulated expenditures of USF Company are $1,800,000.
Weighted Average Accumulated Expenditures (WAAE) is a measure that calculates the average cost of funds used to acquire an asset. This is the method of determining the cost of borrowing money. It also accounts for the length of time a company takes to obtain a loan or other financing.
This can be calculated using the formula:
WAAE = [Amount × (Number of Months from Expenditure Date to Reporting Date)] / Total Months
Compute the weighted average accumulated expenditures of USF Company:
The WAAE is computed by dividing the sum of the weighted expenditures by the total months:
$1,200,000 × 2 = $2,400,000
$2,100,000 × 4 = $8,400,000
$1,000,000 × 6 = $6,000,000
$3,000,000 × 4 = $12,000,000
$2,000,000 × 0 = $0
Total Expenditures = $28,800,000
Total Months = 16 months
WAAE = $28,800,000 / 16 = $1,800,000
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Chris, age 30, worked full time at a marketing firm last year. The money he earned as interest and dividend income from his investment portfolio is considered what kind of income?
Group of answer choices
Portfolio income
Active or Ordinary Income.
Deferred Income.
Passive income.
The money Chris earned as interest and dividend income from his investment portfolio is considered a. portfolio income.
What is portfolio income ?Portfolio income encompasses the financial returns derived from various investment sources, such as interest accruals, dividend disbursements, capital gains, and royalties.
It stands distinct from active or ordinary income, which encompasses earnings generated through direct involvement in a business or occupation, and passive income, which typically encompasses revenue derived from rental properties, limited partnerships, or other ventures in which the individual's engagement is limited.
In the case of Chris, his interest and dividend income from his investment portfolio can be aptly categorized as portfolio income, reflective of his successful investment endeavors complementing his full-time employment.
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A new highway is to be constructed. Design A calls for a concrete pavement costing $95 per foot with a 20-year life: four paved deches costing $5 per foot each; and two box culverts every mie, each costing $10,000 and having a 20-year Annual maintenance will cost $1,800 per mile: the culverts must be cleaned every five years at a cost of $300 each per Design B-calls for a bituminous pavement costing $35 per foot with a 10-year e, two sodded dichas costing $1.50 per foot each and two pipe culverts every mile, each costing $2,250 and having a 10-year e The replacement ouvert $2,450 each. Annual maintenance will cost $2,600 per mile; the culverts must be cleaned yearly at a cost of $225 each per mile, and the annual ditch maintenance will cost $1.50 per foot per dich Compare the two designs on the basis of equivalent worth per mile for a 20-year period. Find the most economical design on the basis of AW and PW if the MARR is 10% per year
To compare the two designs on the basis of equivalent worth (EW) and present worth (PW) for a 20-year period, we need to calculate the costs and benefits of each design and discount them to their present values using a 10% annual interest rate (MARR - Minimum Attractive Rate of Return).
Design A:
Concrete pavement: Cost = $95 per foot, Life = 20 years
Paved decks: Cost = $5 per foot, Quantity = 4
Box culverts: Cost = $10,000 each, Quantity = 2
Annual maintenance: Cost = $1,800 per mile
Culvert cleaning: Cost = $300 each, Frequency = every 5 years
Design B:
Bituminous pavement: Cost = $35 per foot, Life = 10 years
Sodded ditches: Cost = $1.50 per foot, Quantity = 2
Pipe culverts: Cost = $2,250 each, Quantity = 2
Replacement culverts: Cost = $2,450 each, Frequency = every 10 years
Annual maintenance: Cost = $2,600 per mile
Culvert cleaning: Cost = $225 each, Frequency = yearly
Ditch maintenance: Cost = $1.50 per foot per ditch
To calculate the Equivalent Worth (EW) and Present Worth (PW), we need to consider the costs and benefits for each design over the 20-year period and discount them using the 10% MARR.
For Design A:
Calculate the initial costs: Concrete pavement ($95/ft x total length), paved decks ($5/ft x quantity), box culverts ($10,000 x quantity)
Calculate the annual costs: Annual maintenance ($1,800/mile), culvert cleaning ($300 x frequency)
Discount the costs and benefits to their present values using the 10% interest rate
Calculate the equivalent worth (EW) by summing all the present values
For Design B:
Calculate the initial costs: Bituminous pavement ($35/ft x total length), sodded ditches ($1.50/ft x quantity), pipe culverts ($2,250 x quantity), replacement culverts ($2,450 x frequency)
Calculate the annual costs: Annual maintenance ($2,600/mile), culvert cleaning ($225 x frequency), ditch maintenance ($1.50/ft x total length)
Discount the costs and benefits to their present values using the 10% interest rate
Calculate the equivalent worth (EW) by summing all the present values
Compare the two designs based on their Equivalent Worth (EW) and Present Worth (PW). The design with the lowest cost or highest value is the most economical option.
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chelsea believes that even though she works long hours and produces high quality work her boss will never give her a promotion this is an example of
The example of Chesla believing that even though she works long hours and produces high quality work her boss will never give her a promotion in the question is an instance of the concept of learned helplessness.
What is learned helplessness?Learned helplessness is a psychological construct that describes a condition where someone has encountered failure so many times that they believe that there is no way for them to succeed. People that encounter this condition believe that their situation is impossible to overcome, and they become depressed or anxious.
According to the scenario, Chelsea believes that even though she works long hours and produces high-quality work, her boss will never give her a promotion. She is experiencing learned helplessness because she has encountered failure in the past. Hence, the example is an instance of the concept of learned helplessness.
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YMB is a calendar year corporatio. On December 12, YMB billed a client $17,800 for services rendered during October and November. It had not received payment by December 31. On December 10, YMB received a $4,000 check from a tenant that leases office space from the corporation. The payment was for next year's January and Feburary rent.
a. If YMB is a cash basis taxpayer, how much income should it recognize from the given transactions this year?
b. If YMB is an accrual basis taxpayer, how much income should it recognize from the transactions this year?
a. If YMB is a cash basis taxpayer, it recognizes income when it receives payment. In this case, YMB received a $4,000 check from a tenant on December 10, which falls within the current year. Therefore, YMB should recognize $4,000 as income from this transaction this year.
b. If YMB is an accrual basis taxpayer, it recognizes income when it earns it, regardless of when payment is received. In this case, YMB billed a client $17,800 for services rendered during October and November. Even though payment was not received by December 31, YMB should still recognize the income from this transaction this year since it has earned it. Therefore, YMB should recognize $17,800 as income from this transaction this year.
It's important to note that the tax treatment may vary depending on the specific tax laws and regulations in the jurisdiction where YMB operates. Consulting with a tax professional or accountant would provide accurate guidance based on the specific circumstances and applicable tax laws.
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