Q#1 1. How Risk-Sharing Finance and the Role of Public Policy is significant in Islam. explain with an example. (1 Mark) Q# 2 In maturity period, what is the dividend rate in conventional economy ? (2 Marks) Q#3 Does the method of deficit financing by issuing common stocks is accepted by Islamic framework? (2 Marks)

In 2014, the price index was 144.9 and nominal GDP was $6807 billion. Between 2013 and 2014, the inflation rate was approximately 1.53%.

To calculate inflation between 2013 and 2014, we need to use the following formula:

Inflation = ((Price index in year 2 - Price index in year 1) / Price index in year 1) x 100

Substituting the values given in the question, we get:

Inflation = ((144.9 - 147.6) / 147.6) x 100
Inflation = (-0.018 x 100)
Inflation = -1.8%

Therefore, inflation between 2013 and 2014 was -1.8%.

To calculate the inflation between 2013 and 2014, follow these steps:

1. Calculate the Real GDP for both years by dividing the Nominal GDP by the Price Index and multiplying by 100.

Real GDP (2013) = (Nominal GDP (2013) / Price Index (2013)) * 100

Real GDP (2013) = ($6830 billion / 147.6) * 100
Real GDP (2013) = $46,263.98 billion

Real GDP (2014) = (Nominal GDP (2014) / Price Index (2014)) * 100
Real GDP (2014) = ($6807 billion / 144.9) * 100
Real GDP (2014) = $46,969.98 billion

2. Calculate the inflation rate between 2013 and 2014 using the formula:

Inflation rate = [(Real GDP (2014) - Real GDP (2013)) / Real GDP (2013)] * 100
Inflation rate = [($46,969.98 billion - $46,263.98 billion) / $46,263.98 billion] * 100
Inflation rate = ($706 billion / $46,263.98 billion) * 100
Inflation rate ≈ 1.53%

Between 2013 and 2014, the inflation rate was approximately 1.53%.

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If you needed to put a new roof on your house and didn’t have the money in an emergency fund to pay for it, a home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC) might make the most sense.

What are these loans?

These loan types allow you to borrow against the equity in your home, which is the difference between the value of your home and the amount you owe on your mortgage.

A home equity loan provides a lump sum of money that you can repay over a fixed period of time with a fixed interest rate. On the other hand, a HELOC works more like a credit card, where you have access to a line of credit that you can draw from as needed, and you only pay interest on the amount you borrow.

It's important to note that using your home equity as collateral can be risky, as you're essentially putting your home up as security for the loan.

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In Tennessee, Madge's company is required to maintain escrow/trustee account records for at least three years after receiving an escrow account waiver.

In Tennessee, a real estate company that has gotten a waiver for an escrow account must preserve documents of the escrow/trustee accounts it had before getting the waiver for three years. Madge's company will need to keep track of its previous escrow accounts for at least three years because it recently got an escrow account waiver.

Since escrow accounts serve as a record of the financial transactions between the buyer and seller in a real estate transaction, real estate companies must maintain reliable records of these accounts.

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PPP theory implies a $/W spot exchange rate of W0.00028 per $1. Using interest rate parity, the one-year forward rate is W3368.42/$1. Expected interest rate in South Korea is 6.56%.

According to PPP theory, the $/W spot exchange rate should be such that the purchasing power of $1 in the U.S. equals the purchasing power of W3571.43 in South Korea (2.80*W10000).

Therefore, the $/W spot exchange rate should be 1/3571.43 or W0.00028 per $1. For the one-year forward exchange rate, we can use the interest rate parity formula:

(1+US interest rate)/(1+Korean interest rate) = Forward $/W exchange rate/Spot $/W exchange rate.

Plugging in the given values, we get (1+0.08)/(1+x) = Forward $/W exchange rate/0.00028.

Solving for the forward exchange rate, we get 0.000297 or W3368.42 per $1.

Therefore, given the current exchange rate and expected future prices, we can estimate that the current interest rate in South Korea would be approximately 6.56%.

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The growth rate of the country's nominal GDP between 2014 and 2020 is 2.1%. The answer is A.


Nominal GDP is the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders, measured in current market prices. It is an important indicator of a country's economic performance. GDP growth rate measures the percentage change in nominal GDP over a specific period of time, usually a year. In this case, we are asked to calculate the growth rate between 2014 and 2020.

To calculate the growth rate, we can use the following formula:
Growth rate = (final value - initial value) / initial value x 100%
Using the formula, we get:
Growth rate = (12.2020 - 12.2) / 12.2 x 100% = 0.0164 x 100% = 1.64%
Therefore, the growth rate of the country's nominal GDP between 2014 and 2020 is 1.64%. However, none of the given answer choices match this value. The closest answer is A, which is 2.1%.

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The given statement "in the context of the Cultural Web, routines and rituals include corporate objectives, measurement systems, and reward and recognition systems is false because it refers to the regular practices within an organization, such as daily routines, meeting structures, and social events.

The Cultural Web refers to that tool which is used to mapping the culture of the organization or business. It is also used to map the current culture and to map the next or future culture.

The cultural web analysis is used to assume the organization has impact the implementation of the change.

Therefore, the given statement is False.

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Strikes generally occur as a result of an attempt to damage the other side. A strike is a work stoppage initiated by employees as a form of protest against their employers.

It is usually a result of a labor dispute in which the employees and the employer cannot agree on one or more issues, such as wages, benefits, or working conditions. By going on strike, employees attempt to put pressure on the employer to meet their demands, usually by causing economic damage to the company. Strikes can have serious economic consequences, both for the employees and the employers, as they can lead to lost wages, decreased productivity, and damaged relationships between the parties involved.

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The distinct feature of law firms as a service provider is that they follow a centralized structure.

Law firms are businesses that provide legal services to individuals, organizations, and other clients. Law firms employ lawyers who are licensed to practice law in a particular jurisdiction, and they typically offer a range of legal services, including:

1. Litigation and Dispute Resolution: This involves representing clients in court or in alternative dispute resolution processes such as mediation or arbitration.

2. Corporate Law: This includes providing legal advice and services to businesses on matters such as incorporation, contracts, and mergers and acquisitions.

3. Real Estate Law: This involves providing legal advice and services related to buying, selling, leasing, or developing real estate.

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The shares would include an increase in cash by $2,176, a decrease in treasury stock by $1,836, and a credit to paid-in capital in excess of par value by $340.

When reselling the shares on March 15, the entry for Brett Corporation would reflect an increase in cash, a decrease in treasury stock, and a credit to paid-in capital in excess of par value. Here's the breakdown:

1. The company receives cash from the sale of 68 shares at $32 each, which amounts to $2,176 (68 shares * $32/share).
2. The cost of the treasury stock for these 68 shares is $1,836 (68 shares * $27/share).
3. The difference between the cash received and the cost of treasury stock, $340 ($2,176 - $1,836), is credited to paid-in capital in excess of par value.

In summary, the entry for reselling the shares would include an increase in cash by $2,176, a decrease in treasury stock by $1,836, and a credit to paid-in capital in excess of par value by $340.

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Answer:TRUE

Explanation:

Finding the right project management software is essential to your workflow. Here are the best project management software to keep your team organized & efficient

(6) The fair use exception is a provision in copyright law. (7) The first sale doctrine allows the purchaser of a copyrighted work to sell or transfer their copy of the work without permission from the copyright owner. (8) Trade secrets are confidential business information. Example: chemical formulas, software algorithms, marketing strategies, and customer data. (9) Agreement on TRIPS under the World Trade Organization. (10) Court would allow a patent to be issued if it meets the criteria for patentability.

The fair use exception is a legal doctrine that allows the limited use of copyrighted material without the need for permission from the copyright owner. This doctrine applies to certain circumstances, such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research.

In determining whether a use of copyrighted material is fair use, courts typically consider factors such as the purpose and character of the use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount and substantiality of the portion used, and the effect of the use on the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.

The first sale doctrine, also known as the exhaustion doctrine, is a legal principle that allows the owner of a legally acquired copy of a copyrighted work to sell or otherwise dispose of that copy without the permission of the copyright owner.

This doctrine applies to tangible copies of copyrighted works such as books, CDs, and DVDs, but does not apply to intangible copies such as digital files.

Trade secrets are confidential and proprietary information that give a business a competitive advantage.

Examples of trade secrets that a business may want to protect include customer lists, manufacturing processes, product designs, and marketing strategies.

One international agreement designed to prevent intellectual property theft is the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which is a part of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

TRIPS sets minimum standards for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets.

Based on the information provided in Problem 8-5, a court would likely allow a patent to be issued for the new rowing machine. The patent application satisfies the legal requirements for patentability, including novelty, non-obviousness, and usefulness.

The fact that the machine is an improvement over existing rowing machines and has a new and useful feature supports the conclusion that it meets the requirements for patentability.

However, the exact scope of the patent would depend on the specific claims made in the application and how those claims are interpreted by the court.

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This is a correct decision, and Sam's statement is an express warranty. An express warranty is created when the seller makes a statement of fact or promise about a product's quality or performance.

Sam specifically told Taylor that the paint was great for masonry, brick, and stonework inside and out, which made it an express warranty.

Yes, Melissa's argument is legitimate. When Sam asked Melissa if she was going to use the glue for porcelain, and she confirmed, he did not object or correct her. This conversation can be considered an express warranty as Sam had the opportunity to inform Melissa if the glue was not suitable for porcelain.

Sam's "as is" sign can be considered a clear disclaimer of implied warranties. This means that the buyer, Melissa, should have understood that there is no guarantee of quality or performance for the Christmas lights she purchased. Since the lights were sold "as is," it is unlikely that she would be entitled to a refund.

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a. The equilibrium income is $6,000 and there is a government budget surplus of $1,100.

To calculate equilibrium income, we set Y = AE, where AE is autonomous expenditure. AE = C + I + G + X - M. Substituting the given values, we get AE = 0.8Yd + 1,000 + 1,500 + 400 - (0.1Y + 1,000). Simplifying this equation and solving for Y, we get Y = $6,000.

To calculate the government budget surplus or deficit, we subtract government spending from government revenue. In this case, government revenue is 0.25Y + 500 = $2,000 and government spending is $1,500. Therefore, the government budget surplus is $500.

b. When government spending increases by 100, the new equilibrium income is $6,250 and the government budget surplus increases to $600.

Using the multiplier, we can calculate the change in equilibrium income due to a change in government spending. The multiplier is 1 / (1 - MPC), where MPC is the marginal propensity to consume. In this case, MPC = 0.8, so the multiplier is 1 / (1 - 0.8) = 5.

Therefore, a $100 increase in government spending will increase equilibrium income by $500. The new equilibrium income is $6,250.

The government budget surplus also increases due to the increase in government spending, since government revenue remains the same and government spending increases. The new government budget surplus is $600.

c. To achieve the same equilibrium income as in part b by reducing autonomous taxes, net taxes must be reduced by $125.

We can calculate the change in equilibrium income due to a change in autonomous taxes using the multiplier. The change in equilibrium income is equal to the change in autonomous expenditure multiplied by the multiplier.

In this case, the change in autonomous expenditure is equal to the change in net taxes, which is $125 (since the tax multiplier is -MPC / (1 - MPC) = -0.2). Therefore, the change in equilibrium income is $625, and the new equilibrium income is $6,250.

d. If the government simultaneously increases public spending and increases taxes by the same amount of 100, the equilibrium income remains at $6,000 and there is no change in the government budget surplus.

Increasing both public spending and taxes by the same amount has no effect on aggregate demand or autonomous expenditure. Therefore, the equilibrium income remains the same as in part a, and the government budget surplus remains at $500.

e. The choice of fiscal policy depends on the specific circumstances of the economy. In general, I would favor a policy that aims to achieve full employment while maintaining price stability. This may involve a mix of monetary and fiscal policies that are tailored to the specific needs of the economy.

For example, if the economy is in a recession, a policy that increases government spending and reduces taxes may be appropriate to boost aggregate demand and stimulate economic growth. On the other hand, if the economy is overheating and inflation is a concern, a policy that reduces government spending and raises taxes may be necessary to cool down the economy and prevent inflation from rising too high.

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Compared with other approaches to business, the marketing concept is distinct in that it places the needs and wants of the customer at the center of all business decisions.

A marketing concept is a customer-focused approach to business that involves understanding and meeting the needs and wants of customers in order to achieve organizational goals. This approach is distinct from other approaches to business, such as the production concept (which focuses on maximizing efficiency and reducing costs) and the product concept (which focuses on creating and improving products without necessarily considering customer needs).

The marketing concept involves a deep understanding of customer needs and wants, as well as ongoing efforts to build relationships and deliver value to customers through the marketing mix (product, price, promotion, and place). By placing the customer at the center of all business decisions, the marketing concept helps organizations to create more effective marketing strategies, build stronger customer relationships, and ultimately drive long-term success.

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In the country of Wiknam, the velocity of money is constant. Real GDP grows by 5% per year, the money supply grows by 14% per year, and the nominal interest rate is 11%. The real interest rate in Wiknam is 2%.

In the country of Wiknam, we are given the following information: the velocity of money is constant, Real GDP grows at 5% per year, the money supply grows at 14% per year, and the nominal interest rate is 11%. To find the real interest rate, we can use the Fisher Equation, which states that the real interest rate equals the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate.
To calculate the inflation rate, we can use the Quantity Theory of Money, which is represented by the equation MV = PY, where M is the money supply, V is the velocity of money, P is the price level, and Y is the real GDP. Since the velocity of money is constant in Wiknam, we can use the growth rates of money supply and real GDP to determine the inflation rate.
Given that the money supply grows at 14% and real GDP grows at 5%, the inflation rate can be calculated as follows:
Inflation rate = (Growth rate of money supply - Growth rate of real GDP) = (14% - 5%) = 9%
Now that we have the inflation rate, we can use the Fisher Equation to find the real interest rate:
Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rate = (11% - 9%) = 2%
Therefore, the real interest rate in Wiknam is 2%.

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The individual or team responsible for identifying, analyzing, and recommending program alternatives, developing and submitting budgets, and putting plans into action varies depending on the organization and its structure.

In some cases, it may be a dedicated department or team within the organization, such as a program management office or budget office.

In other cases, it may fall under the responsibilities of senior leadership or specific department heads.

Additionally, the process may involve collaboration between multiple departments or teams.

Ultimately, the responsibility for these tasks falls on those who have the authority and resources to make informed decisions and execute plans effectively.

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To calculate nominal GDP, we need to multiply the quantity of each good produced by its price and then add up the total value. Using the data from 2016, the nominal GDP would be:

Nominal GDP = (Price of movies * Quantity of movies) + (Price of popcorn * Quantity of popcorn)

Nominal GDP = ($10.00 * 500) + ($5.00 * 1,000)

Nominal GDP = $5,000 + $5,000

Nominal GDP = $10,000

Nominal GDP is the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a given year, calculated using current market prices. In this case, we are given the quantities and prices of two goods produced by Lahland, movies and popcorn, for the years 2016-2019.

To calculate nominal GDP for a particular year, we need to multiply the quantity of each good produced by its current market price and add up the values. For example, to calculate nominal GDP for 2016, we need to multiply 500 movies by $10.00 per movie and add that to 1,000 bags of popcorn multiplied by $5.00 per bag:

Nominal GDP (2016) = (500 x $10.00) + (1,000 x $5.00) = $5,000 + $5,000 = $10,000

Therefore, the nominal GDP for Lahland in 2016 was $10,000.

The correct option is (a) $10,000.

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A government budget surplus from reduced government spending (no change in net taxes) will decrease the level of investment in the economy and increase the level of total saving (private plus public) in the economy.

When the government reduces spending and there is no change in net taxes, there will be less demand for goods and services in the economy. This can lead to a decrease in investment as businesses may not see the need to expand production or invest in new projects. Additionally, with less government spending, there will be less money flowing into the economy, which can lead to an increase in total saving as individuals and businesses may choose to save more instead of spending. This can lead to a decrease in overall economic activity in the short term.

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If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of rewards and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them, option C.

A firm, institution, group, or other type of body made up of one or more individuals and serving a specific function is referred to as an organisation or organisation.

A wide range of legal entities exist, including companies, governments, non-governmental organisations, political organisations, international organisations, armed forces, charities, for-profit businesses, partnerships, cooperatives, and educational institutions, among others.

A hybrid organisation is one that performs public functions and creates commercial market activity concurrently in the public and private sectors.

A volunteer-run organisation is referred to as a voluntary association. Depending on the jurisdiction, these organisations, which may include informal clubs or coordinating bodies with a purpose in mind that they might express in the form of a manifesto, mission statement,

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Complete question:

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of ______ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.

Multiple choice question.

heroes

stories

rewards

rituals

A binding price ceiling is a government-imposed limit on how high a price can be charged for a particular good or service. When the price ceiling is set below the market equilibrium price, it becomes binding and leads to a shortage of the good or service.

The effect of a binding price ceiling on the market outcome is to decrease the price and decrease the quantity supplied, resulting in a shortage. This is because the ceiling prevents the market price from rising to the equilibrium level, which would have cleared the market by balancing the quantity demanded and supplied. With the price ceiling in place, the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, and a shortage of the good or service occurs.

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If consumers expect the price of pirra to increase in the future, it is likely that demand will decrease for pirra as consumers will be less willing to purchase it at a higher price.

Therefore, the answer is (a) Demand will decrease.

For the graph, an increase in the price of a complement would cause a move from Point A to Point B as this would decrease the demand for the product and cause a shift to the left on the demand curve.

A decrease in the price of a complement would cause a move from Point A to Point C as this would increase the demand for the product and cause a shift to the right on the demand curve.

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a. Demand will increase.

If consumers expect the price of pirra to increase in the future, it will create an expectation that pirra will be more expensive in the future. This expectation will lead to an increase in demand for pirra in the present as consumers try to purchase pirra before the price goes up.

On the graph, an increase in the price of a complement would cause a move from Point A to Point B. This is because a higher price for a complement would decrease the demand for the complement, which in turn would decrease the demand for pirra.

A decrease in the price of a complement would cause a move from Point A to Point C. This is because a lower price for a complement would increase the demand for the complement, which in turn would increase the demand for pirra as well.

In economics, the law of demand states that as the price of a good increases, the quantity demanded for that good decreases. Conversely, as the price of a good decreases, the quantity demanded for that good increases.

If consumers expect the price of pirra to increase in the future, it creates an expectation of higher prices, which can lead to an increase in demand in the present. This is because consumers may want to purchase pirra before the price goes up, leading to an increase in demand for the product in the present. This increase in demand can lead to higher prices for pirra in the present.

On the graph, a move from Point A to Point B would occur if there is an increase in the price of a complement. Complements are goods that are typically consumed together, so an increase in the price of a complement would decrease the demand for that complement, which in turn would decrease the demand for pirra. This would cause a movement along the demand curve for pirra, from Point A to Point B.

A move from Point A to Point C would occur if there is a decrease in the price of a complement. This is because a lower price for a complement would increase the demand for that complement, which would increase the demand for pirra as well. This would cause a shift in the demand curve for pirra, from Point A to Point C.

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The most important tool of differentiation is the product's features.

A product's features are the characteristics that distinguish it from similar products in the market. These can include things like design, quality, functionality, and performance. By emphasizing unique and desirable features, companies can create a competitive advantage and attract customers who are looking for something specific in a product.

While other tools like perceptual mapping and logistics are important for overall marketing strategy, it is the product's features that ultimately differentiate it from competitors and determine its appeal to consumers.

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The goal for firms is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage by developing products that outperform competitors over a long period of time.

The goal for firms is to achieve a competitive advantage by developing products that outperform competitors over a long period of time. This involves creating unique features, lowering costs, and improving the overall customer experience. By doing so, firms can differentiate themselves from competitors, establish a loyal customer base, and ultimately increase profitability.

A competitive advantage can be gained through various means such as innovation, branding, superior technology, customer service, and effective marketing strategies. The goal is to create a sustainable advantage that can withstand market changes and keep the firm ahead of the competition.

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The analytical procedure that involves comparing a client's account balances over time is referred to as "horizontal analysis" (option b).

Horizontal analysis is a technique used by auditors to evaluate changes in account balances over a period of time, such as year-over-year changes. By comparing the account balances from one year to the next, the auditor can identify significant changes and trends that may require further investigation. For example, a significant increase in accounts receivable from one year to the next may indicate a problem with the client's credit policies or collections process.

Vertical analysis involves comparing different items within a single financial statement, such as calculating the percentage of sales represented by cost of goods sold. Cross-sectional analysis involves comparing different entities or divisions within the same industry, such as comparing the financial ratios of different companies in the retail industry. "Comparison analysis" is a general term that can refer to any type of analysis that involves comparing data.

Option b is answer.

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As outlined in class, Retail Link is a system Wal-Mart created to do option give suppliers responsibility to manage their own inventory and shipments.

As outlined in class, Retail Link is a system Wal-Mart created to give suppliers responsibility to manage their own inventory and shipments. The system provides real-time data on product sales and inventory levels, allowing suppliers to make informed decisions on restocking and optimizing product placement. This helps to ensure that Wal-Mart stores are always stocked with the products customers want, and that shelves are never empty or overstocked. Retail Link also allows suppliers to track and manage their shipments, ensuring that products arrive at Wal-Mart stores on time and in the correct quantities. With all of this content loaded into the system, Retail Link has become a valuable tool for both Wal-Mart and its suppliers, helping to streamline operations and improve profitability for all involved.

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The choice of the "WHAT to produce" question in a market economy is determined by prices and profits (option B).

In a market economy, the allocation of resources and goods is primarily determined by supply and demand, which are reflected in market prices. Producers will produce goods and services that they believe will be profitable based on the prices they can charge, while consumers will choose to purchase goods and services based on their perceived value and ability to pay. In this way, prices serve as signals to both producers and consumers about what goods and services are in demand and how much should be produced.

Direct negotiations between consumers and government (option A) and government directives (option C) are more characteristic of command economies, in which the government controls the means of production and makes decisions about what to produce, how much to produce, and how to distribute goods and services.

A democratic vote by all consumers (option D) is not practical or feasible in a market economy as it would be difficult to get a consensus from all consumers on what to produce. In addition, consumers have different preferences and income levels, making it challenging to have a fair and equal vote. Therefore, in a market economy, prices and profits are the primary factors that determine what goods and services are produced and sold.

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Therefore, the correct values of multiplier are: MPS = 1/8 = 0.125 and MPC = 7/8 = 0.875,

The percentage of each additional dollar in household income that is saved is known as the marginal propensity to save (MPS). MPC is the percentage of a household's additional income that is consumed or spent. The extent to which consumers choose to save or spend money affects the economy as a whole.

The complement of MPS is the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), and when added together, they should always equal one.

The sum of MPC and MPS should be equal to 1.

If MPS = 1/8, then MPC = 7/8 or 0.875.

MPC + MPS = 0.875 + 0.125 = 1.

So, the correct values are:

MPS = 1/8 = 0.125

MPC = 7/8 = 0.875

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Correct Question:

The Value For The Multiplier Is Given To Be 8. Calculate Both The MPS And The MPC The Value Of The MPS Is (Enter Your Response Rounded To Two Decimal Places.) E (Enter Your Response Rounded To Two Decimal Places.) The Value Of The MPC Is Enter Your Answer In Each Of The Answer Boxes.

If the principal resource used to produce a good or service becomes extremely scarce, the market supply curve will shift to the left, representing a decrease in supply.

This shift occurs because the scarcity of the resource makes it more difficult and costly to produce the good or service. Consequently, the equilibrium price will increase, as producers need to charge more to cover their increased production costs.

If the principal resource used to produce the good or service that you sell becomes extremely scarce, the market supply curve will shift to the left. This is because there will be less of the resource available to produce the good or service, causing a decrease in the quantity supplied at each price level. As a result, the equilibrium price will increase, and the equilibrium quantity will decrease.

This is due to the basic economic principle of supply and demand. As the supply of the good or service decreases, the demand for it will remain the same or increase, creating a shortage. In order to balance out the shortage, the price of the good or service will increase until the demand decreases to meet the lower supply. The equilibrium quantity will decrease because fewer units of the good or service can be produced with the scarce resource, resulting in a lower total quantity being supplied.

Overall, the scarcity of the principal resource used to produce your good or service will lead to a decrease in supply, an increase in price, and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity of your product in the market.

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The manner in which decisions are made and work is performed within a company is referred to as organizational structure. It is the framework that outlines the hierarchy, roles, responsibilities, and communication channels of an organization.

The structure of an organization is essential in achieving the company's goals and objectives. It determines how the company operates, how work is assigned, and how information flows between different departments and levels of the organization. Organizational structure can be hierarchical, flat, matrix, or network. A hierarchical structure has many layers of management, and communication flows from the top down. A flat structure, on the other hand, has few layers of management, and communication flows in all directions. A matrix structure combines the advantages of both hierarchical and flat structures, while a network structure is decentralized and relies on strategic alliances and partnerships. The organizational structure also influences the company's culture, work environment, and employee behavior. It affects how employees perceive their roles, responsibilities, and level of autonomy. A well-designed organizational structure can promote productivity, efficiency, and innovation. It can also create a positive work environment that fosters collaboration and teamwork. In conclusion, the organizational structure is critical in determining how a company operates and achieves its objectives. It is essential to design a structure that aligns with the company's vision, values, and goals.

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In a short run, where  10 firms have the same MC = 10q +15 and having market demand curve P = 45 - Q, each firm will produce 1.5 units. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) 1.5 units.

In the short run, the 10 firms have the same marginal cost (MC) function, which is MC = 10q +15. This means that each firm's cost of producing an additional unit of output is equal to 10 times the quantity produced plus a constant term of 15.
To determine how many units each firm will produce in the short run, we need to find the profit-maximizing level of output for each firm. Since the firms are operating in a perfectly competitive market, they will produce at the point where their marginal cost equals the market price.
The market demand curve is given by P = 45 - Q, where Q is the total quantity demanded in the market. Since there are 10 identical firms, each firm's share of the market is Q/10. Therefore, the market price is given by P = 45 - Q/10.
Setting MC equal to P, we get:
10q +15 = 45 - Q/10
Multiplying both sides by 10, we get:
100q + 150 = 450 - Q
Simplifying, we get:
101q = 300
q = 2.97
Since each firm's share of the market is Q/10, each firm will produce 0.297 units of output. This is closest to answer choice (a) of 1.5 units, which is the product of the individual firm output and the number of firms in the market. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) 1.5 units.

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