The elitist versus pluralist perspective is a longstanding debate in political science, with C. Wright Mills and Robert Dahl representing two prominent viewpoints.
Mills argues for an elitist perspective, asserting that power in the United States is concentrated in the hands of a small ruling elite, while Dahl advocates for a pluralist perspective, suggesting that power is dispersed among multiple competing interest groups. The article on oligarchy by Winters and Page sheds light on this debate. Mills argues that power in the United States is held by a small group of economic and political elites who make decisions that affect society.
On the other hand, Dahl's pluralist perspective contends that power in democratic societies is dispersed among various interest groups. He emphasizes the existence of a multitude of interest groups representing diverse societal interests. Dahl argues that these groups compete for influence and have access to decision-making processes through mechanisms such as lobbying, elections, and public discourse. Winters and Page's article on oligarchy introduces empirical evidence that supports an elitist perspective. Their research shows that economic elites exert substantial influence over policy outcomes, while the preferences of the majority of citizens have a minimal impact.
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Will the same equivalent units always be used for labor,
materials, and overhead? Why or why not?
No, the same equivalent units may not always be used for labor, materials, and overhead.
The reason for this is that labor, materials, and overhead are distinct cost elements with different measurement units and characteristics.
Labor is typically measured in hours, days, or other units of time, reflecting the amount of direct labor used in the production process. Materials, on the other hand, are measured in physical quantities, such as units, pounds, or liters, representing the actual amount of material consumed.
Overhead costs, which include indirect labor, utilities, rent, and other expenses, are allocated to the production process based on predetermined allocation methods or cost drivers. These costs are often distributed using a predetermined overhead rate, which may differ from the measurement units used for labor and materials.
Due to these differences in measurement units and characteristics, it is necessary to use separate equivalent units for labor, materials, and overhead when calculating production costs. Each cost element requires its own set of calculations and allocation methods to accurately reflect the resources consumed and the associated costs incurred in the production process.
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assim manages his team with a strong focus on goals and how to achieve them with maximum efficiency and effectiveness. According to Fred Fiedler Leadership Contingency Model, Jassim is a(n) leader. a. Task-oriented b. Behavior-oriented c. Relationship-oriented d. Affiliation-oriented
The correct answer is option A.
According to Fred Fiedler's Contingency Leadership Model, Jassim is a task-oriented leader.
Task-oriented leaders maintain a strong focus on the achievement of goals and how to accomplish them with the utmost efficiency and effectiveness. Such leaders ensure that the work is completed on time and at the expected quality levels.
What is Fred Fiedler's Contingency Leadership Model?
The Fiedler Contingency Leadership Model, developed by Fred Fiedler, is a leadership theory that suggests the most efficient method of leadership is based on situational control. According to the model, situational control is the amount of influence or authority a leader has on his/her subordinates' ability to complete a task.
The model posits that there are three situational criteria that determine the situational control over a work unit: leader-member relations, task structure, and position power. According to the model, leaders can be categorized into three types, based on their leadership style, to fit the situational criteria:
Task-oriented leader: Task-oriented leaders are primarily concerned with accomplishing tasks efficiently and effectively. They are likely to be directive in their communication with their subordinates, and they focus on getting things done. They want to accomplish their objectives, and they'll do whatever it takes to do so. Therefore, it can be concluded that Jassim is a task-oriented leader.
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Introduction/Background information – include relevant facts and issues on company. Competitors, industry Financial Analyses – Provide answers based on both qualitative and quantitative analyses to the following questions:
What percentage of its revenue earning equipment does Hertz depreciate each year?
Do the changes in Hertz’s depreciation of its revenue earnings equipment materially affect the company’s profitability?
What are some potential reasons to explain the changes in Hertz’s depreciation of its revenue earning equipment?
Hertz amortizes its revenue-generating machinery at a rate of 5% annually. Changes in the revenue-generating equipment's depreciation have no impact on Hertz's profitability. Hertz's varying rates of depreciation of revenue-generating equipment could be attributed to both accounting procedures and equipment values.
This might be brought on by a change in accounting guidelines or a spike or fall in the cost of Hertz's revenue-generating assets. Hertz is asked by interested parties to provide a justification for the depreciation modifications.
Hertz depreciates its revenue earning equipment at a rate of 5% per year. This rate is in line with the company's depreciation policy, which is to depreciate its equipment over a period of five years.
Hertz's profitability is unaffected by changes in the depreciation of its revenue-generating equipment. This is primarily due to the fact that the equipment is still in use and earning money for Hertz. The accounting techniques have altered rather than the equipment's value.
Hertz's equipment use might also be changing, which would explain the fluctuating depreciation.
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A Moving to another question will save this response. << Question 8 of 14 Question 8 12.5 points Save Answ A firm in a perfectly competitive industry is currently producing 1,000 units per day at a total cost of $450. If the firm produced 800 units per day, its total cost would be $300, and if it produced 500 units per day, its total cost would be $275. What are the firm's ATC per unit at these three levels of production?
The ATC per unit at 1,000 units per day is $0.45, 800 units per day is $0.375, and 500 units per day is $0.55.
Total cost at different levels of production are:
At 1,000 units per day, the total cost of the firm = $450
At 800 units per day, the total cost of the firm = $300
At 500 units per day, the total cost of the firm = $275
We can find the ATC per unit by dividing the total cost by the number of units produced. Thus,
At 1,000 units per day, the ATC per unit of the firm = $450 / 1,000 = $0.45
At 800 units per day, the ATC per unit of the firm = $300 / 800 = $0.375
At 500 units per day, the ATC per unit of the firm = $275 / 500 = $0.55
Hence, the ATC per unit at 1,000 units per day, 800 units per day, and 500 units per day are $0.45, $0.375, and $0.55 respectively.
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In December, Sara's Sodas produced 4.4 million liters of the beverage. Manufacturing overhead was $1,420,000 and the cost per liter was $0.44. Labor costs were 20 percent of materials cost.
Required:
a. Calculate the materials cost for December (Enter your answer in dollars not in millions.) b. Calculate the labor cost for December (Enter your answer in dollars not in millions.)
(a) The materials cost for December is $1,936,000.
(b) The labor cost for December is $387,200.
a. Materials cost for December:
Number of liters produced = 4.4 million liters
Cost per liter = $0.44
Materials cost = Number of liters produced × Cost per liter
= 4,400,000 liters × $0.44
= $1,936,000
Therefore, the materials cost for December is $1,936,000.
b. To calculate the labor cost for December, we need to determine the labor cost as a percentage of the materials cost and then multiply it by the materials cost.
Given that labor costs are 20% of materials cost, we can calculate the labor cost using the following formula:
Labor cost = Labor cost percentage × Materials cost
Labor cost percentage = 20% = 0.20
b. Labor cost for December:
Labor cost = 0.20 × Materials cost
= 0.20 × $1,936,000
= $387,200
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Using one of the drive-based motivation theories, as described
by McShane, discuss how this experience is impacting Sophia’s
motivation.
Sophia Reddy is an accountant in her late 20s who works in the downtown Toronto office of Alicamber Ltd., a well- known accounting firm with two dozen offices across Canada. A few days ago, a senior m
Using the drive-based motivation theory of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Sophia Reddy's current experience can be analyzed.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a five-level theory of human needs. Physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs are the five levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
Sophianeedsmotivation to keep going at work and this motivation is impacted by her current experience at work. She is looking to fulfill her esteem needs as she is working for a well-known firm. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs can be applied to Sophia Reddy's current situation at work.
As a result of the senior partner leaving and taking clients with them, she is experiencing a decrease in job security. This will impact her safety needs, which are at the bottom of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. In addition, the esteem needs, which are at the top of the pyramid, will be impacted by her lack of motivation.
Sophia wants to work for a well-known company, and the fact that the senior partner left and took clients with them may result in the company losing its reputation.
Furthermore, it appears that Sophia's job has become less meaningful and challenging, which is affecting her self-actualization needs, which is at the top of the pyramid. In conclusion, Sophia's motivation to continue at work is likely to be impacted by her job security, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.
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This week you will finish working on the course project. For your project, you are required to prepare and submit the following financial statements for the Tybalt Company: • The income statement �
To complete the course project, you are required to submit a variety of financial statements for the Tybalt Company. These statements include the income statement, balance sheet, statement of retained earnings, and statement of cash flows. The income statement for Tybalt Company would outline its revenue and expenses over a specific period of time, usually a year.
he statement would then calculate the net income or loss for the company.The income statement consists of two sections: the operating section and the non-operating section. The operating section presents information about the company's core business operations, including revenues and expenses.
On the other hand, the non-operating section presents information about the company's financial activities outside of its core business operations, such as interest and investment income.You can calculate the net income or loss of a company by subtracting the total expenses from the total revenue of the company.
This calculation would then determine whether the company made a profit or incurred a loss over the reporting period.
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Peter Drucker, a well-known management scholar, has said that companies should be evaluated on two basic dimensions: a. profitability and philanthropy b. legality and profitability
c. customer satisfaction and profitability d. legality and responsibility e. consumerism and responsibility
According to Peter Drucker, companies should be evaluated on the dimensions of legality and responsibility. Therefore, option d is correct.
Peter Drucker, a prominent management scholar, emphasized the importance of evaluating companies based on two fundamental dimensions: legality and responsibility. While profitability is undoubtedly crucial for business success, Drucker believed that it should not be the sole criterion for evaluating the performance of a company.
Legality refers to a company's adherence to laws and regulations governing its operations. It encompasses compliance with legal requirements, such as labor laws, environmental regulations, tax laws, and other applicable statutes. A company's commitment to operating within the boundaries of the law is essential for its long-term sustainability and reputation.
Responsibility, in Drucker's context, refers to a broader notion of corporate social responsibility. It includes considering the impact of business decisions on various stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, communities, and the environment. Responsible companies go beyond legal requirements and proactively engage in ethical practices, sustainable operations, and social initiatives.
While customer satisfaction and profitability (option c) are important considerations for a company's success, they do not encompass the comprehensive evaluation criteria proposed by Peter Drucker. Similarly, philanthropy (option a) and consumerism (option e) represent specific aspects of corporate behavior rather than the overarching dimensions highlighted by Drucker.
These criteria go beyond mere profitability and consider a company's adherence to laws, regulations, and its broader social and environmental impact.
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Question 1
‘The separate identity of the company is central to company law and should always be respected. Therefore, piercing the veil of incorporation should not become an easily available instrument.’
Discuss the above statement.
The separate identity of a company is crucial in company law, but piercing the veil should not be easily accessible to maintain legal certainty and uphold limited liability protection.
1. Importance of the separate identity of the company:
The separate legal identity of a company is a fundamental principle in company law. It means that a company is recognized as a legal entity distinct from its shareholders and directors. This separation protects the shareholders' personal assets from being seized to satisfy the company's debts. It also allows the company to enter into contracts, own property, and sue or be sued in its own name. Respecting the separate identity encourages entrepreneurship and investment by providing a level of legal protection.
2. Piercing the veil of incorporation:
Piercing the veil is a legal concept that allows the courts to disregard the separate legal identity of a company. It typically occurs when the corporate form is used to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or to unjustly enrich the shareholders. By piercing the veil, the court can hold the shareholders or directors personally liable for the company's debts or obligations, thereby bypassing the limited liability protection.
3. Balancing the principles:
While piercing the veil serves as a necessary tool to prevent abuse of the corporate form, it is essential to strike a balance to ensure it is not easily accessible. Allowing easy access to piercing the veil could create uncertainty and undermine the principles of limited liability and the separate legal entity status. It could discourage entrepreneurship and investment as individuals may be hesitant to form companies if the protection of limited liability is weakened.
4. Criteria for piercing the veil:
The criteria for piercing the veil vary among jurisdictions, but they generally require demonstrating that the company was being used for improper purposes or that it lacked a genuine separate identity. Some common factors considered by the courts include undercapitalization of the company, failure to observe corporate formalities, commingling of personal and corporate assets, and using the company as a mere alter ego of the shareholders. These factors help ensure that piercing the veil is applied in exceptional cases rather than becoming a routine practice.
5. Judicial discretion and legal certainty:
Allowing piercing the veil to become an easily available instrument would grant courts significant discretion, potentially leading to inconsistency and uncertainty in its application. Establishing clear guidelines and limitations for piercing the veil ensures predictability and legal certainty, promoting a stable business environment.
In conclusion, while the separate identity of a company is a cornerstone of company law and should be respected, piercing the veil of incorporation serves as an important legal concept to address abuses and protect the interests of stakeholders. However, it is crucial to maintain a careful balance and ensure that piercing the veil is not easily accessible. Clear criteria and limitations must be established to prevent abuse and maintain legal certainty in the business environment.
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This question part is about parallelisation. Suppose the
execution of a
video rendering job using 2 VM on an IaaS cloud takes 6 hours
for a total
cost of £4. The job is composed of rendering 100 shor
In order to reduce the execution time and lower the cost of rendering 100 short videos on an IaaS cloud, parallelization can be employed. The initial execution of a video rendering job using 2 VM on an IaaS cloud took 6 hours for a total cost of £4. Parallelization is a technique used to divide a large problem into smaller.
More manageable tasks that can be solved concurrently on multiple processors. As a result, we can divide the rendering of 100 short videos into a number of tasks and use parallelism to execute these tasks concurrently. We can execute these tasks on multiple virtual machines (VM) available in the cloud computing environment. This will allow us to complete the rendering process faster and at a lower cost.
However, to apply parallelization on the video rendering job, we need to break the job into smaller sub-tasks. We can divide the task by assigning each VM with a specific set of short videos to be rendered. Once the sub-tasks have been distributed, the VMs can start working on their respective sub-tasks concurrently, resulting in faster execution. Thus, we can achieve faster execution time and lower cost by applying parallelization on the rendering of 100 short videos.
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A new fish species is found in the territorial waters of the coast of Oregon and the taste
and texture rivals that of swordfish. This fishery is not yet regulated, so it can be viewed
as an open access resource. To examine this problem, assume that each fishing boat on
the Oregon Coast has a value function for fishing for this new species that is conditional
on the number of other boats fishing at the same time. Let q represent number of
fishing boats. The value function is V = 30 - 3q. The marginal value function is MV= 30 -
6q. Assume each boat's marginal cost for fishing for the new species is $12.
43. Construct a graph to depict the V, MV, and MC curves and use this graph to
supplement your answers to 44 - 47 below. Make sure to label all intercepts and
curves.
44. How many boats use the fishery at the unregulated market equilibrium?
45. Calculate the total net value at the unregulated market equilibrium.
46. How many boats use the fishery at the social optimum?
47. Calculate the total net value at the social optimum.
44. At the unregulated market equilibrium, there are 2 boats using the fishery.
45. The total net value at the unregulated market equilibrium is 24.
46. At the social optimum, there are 2 boats using the fishery.
47. The total net value at the social optimum is 24.
43. The V (value), MV (marginal value), and MC (marginal cost) curves can be plotted on a graph.
The V curve starts at 30 on the vertical axis (value) and slopes downward with a slope of -3. It intersects the horizontal axis (q) at q = 10.The MV curve also starts at 30 on the vertical axis (value) and slopes downward with a slope of -6. It intersects the horizontal axis (q) at q = 5.The MC curve is a horizontal line at 12 on the vertical axis (cost). It does not intersect the V or MV curves but runs parallel to them.44. At the unregulated market equilibrium, the number of boats using the fishery is the value of q where MV (marginal value) equals MC (marginal cost). In this case, MV = MC = 12, so there are 2 boats using the fishery at the unregulated market equilibrium.
45. To calculate the total net value at the unregulated market equilibrium, multiply the value per boat (V) by the number of boats (q) at the equilibrium:
Total net value = V * qTotal net value = (30 - 3q) * qTotal net value = (30 - 3(2)) * 2Total net value = (30 - 6) * 2Total net value = 2446. At the social optimum, the number of boats using the fishery is determined by setting the MC (marginal cost) equal to the MV (marginal value). In this case, MV = MC = 12, so there are 2 boats using the fishery at the social optimum.
47. To calculate the total net value at the social optimum, multiply the value per boat (V) by the number of boats (q) at the social optimum:
Total net value = V * qTotal net value = (30 - 3q) * qTotal net value = (30 - 3(2)) * 2Total net value = (30 - 6) * 2Total net value = 24Both the unregulated market equilibrium and the social optimum result in the same total net value of 24.
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mention four consumer protection agency
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) ...
European Consumer Centre Network (ECC-Net) ...
Iberoamerican Forum of Consumer Protection Agencies (FIAGC) ...
Unsolicited Communications Enforcement Network (UCENet) ...
Global Privacy Enforcement Network (GPEN) ...
Consumers International.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT's) invest in real estate
and/or mortgage securities, and are required by law to distribute
90% of their earnings as dividends.
Group of answer choices
True OR False
The given statement is True. Real Estate Investment Trusts REIT's invest in real estate and or mortgage securities, and are required by law to distribute 90% of their earnings as is a Real Estate Investment Trust REIT Real Estate Investment Trust REIT is a form of trust that operates, owns, or finances revenue-generating real estate.
A REIT's mission is to invest in income-producing real estate, such as office buildings, apartments, shopping malls, warehouses, and are similar to mutual funds in that investors pool their money to acquire assets that produce income. In this case, however, the assets are all real estate, and investors receive a portion of the income generated by those assets.
This may take the form of rent from tenants, capital gains from the sale of properties, or interest payments from must pay at least 90% of their taxable income in the form of dividends to investors to qualify as a REIT. As a result, REITs are among the most lucrative investments, with an average dividend yield of around 5%.
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Down Payment and Loan Payments. Lucas wants to buy a used car that will cost $5,500. How much wil his monthly payment be if he puts $2,100 down and finances the remainder at 6% for two years? His monthly payment will be $______(Round to the nearest cent)
Lucas' monthly payment for financing the remainder of the car price would be approximately $154.08 (rounded to the nearest cent).
To calculate Lucas' monthly payment for financing the remainder of the car price, we need to consider the loan amount, interest rate, and loan term.
Given:
Car price: $5,500
Down payment: $2,100
Loan amount: Car price - Down payment = $5,500 - $2,100 = $3,400
Interest rate: 6% per year
Loan term: 2 years
To calculate the monthly payment, we can use the formula for calculating the monthly payment on a fixed-rate loan:
Monthly Payment = (Loan Amount * Monthly Interest Rate) / (1 - (1 + Monthly Interest Rate)^(-Loan Term in Months))
First, let's calculate the monthly interest rate by dividing the annual interest rate by 12 (number of months in a year):
Monthly Interest Rate = 6% / 12 = 0.06 / 12 = 0.005
Next, let's calculate the term of the loan in months:
Loan Term in Months = Loan Term in Years * 12 = 2 * 12 = 24 months
Now, we can plug in the values into the formula to calculate the monthly payment:
Monthly Payment = ($3,400 * 0.005) / (1 - (1 + 0.005)^(-24))
Using a calculator or spreadsheet, we can evaluate this expression to find the monthly payment.
Monthly Payment ≈ $154.08
Therefore, Lucas' monthly payment for financing the remainder of the car price would be approximately $154.08 (rounded to the nearest cent).
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CDE Company manufactures the nutrient through two manufacturing processes: blending and packaging. All materials are entered at the beginning of each process. On June 1, 20X2, inventory includes: RM10,000 for raw materials, RM0 for work in process (mixed), RM7,890 for work in process (packaging), and RM15,000 for finished products. The beginning inventory of the packaging contains 500 units, two-fifths complete as to conversion costs and fully complete as to materials. In June, 9,000 units started production in blending, and the following transactions were completed. 1. Purchased RM50,000 of raw materials on account. 2. Issued raw materials for production: Blending RM37,860 and Packaging RM18,280. 3. Incurred labor costs of RM51,540. Blending RM30,640 and Packaging RM20,900. 4. Incurred RM73,000 of manufacturing overhead on account. 5. Applied manufacturing overhead at the rate of RM56 per machine hour. Machine hours were Blending 900 and Packaging 300. 6. Transferred 8,200 units from Blending to Packaging at a cost of RM89,880. 7. Transferred 8,600 units from Packaging to Finished Goods at a cost of RM134,980. 8. Sold goods costing RM124,000 for RM180,000 on account. Required: a) Journalize the June transactions mentioned above. b) Job-order costing may work for tax professionals and builders of custom furniture. Explain in detail two reasons why tracking the revenue and costs of each job is so important. c) What is the costing system recommended for soft drink manufacturers? Why?
June transactions mentioned above: Date DDB method Particulars Amount (RM)1Purchase of Raw MaterialA/c50,000Account Payable50,000(Being raw materials purchased on account)2 Work in process (Blending) 37,860 Work in proces 18,280Raw Material Inventory37,860Raw Material Inventory18,280.
Manufacturing Overhead A/c73,000Account Payable73,000(Being manufacturing overhead incurred on account) 5Work in process (Blending)50,400Work in process (Packaging) 18,600 Manufacturing Overhead A/c69,000(Being manufacturing overhead applied to production)6Work in process (Packaging) 89,880Work in process.
Job-order costing may work for tax professionals and builders of custom furniture. The two reasons why tracking the revenue and costs of each job is important are as follows:Job-order costing makes it easier for businesses to make estimates:It makes it easier for companies to prepare estimates for certain jobs because it requires them to maintain records of production costs associated with particular products. This information is useful for estimating how much it would cost to manufacture a similar product in the future.Job-order costing aids in the determination of prices :Since companies can easily calculate the production costs for each job, they can use this information to determine an appropriate price for the products.
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Required information Use the following information for the Exercises below. [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Laker Company reported the following January purchases
The gross profit using different inventory valuation methods is:
Specific identification - $3785 Weighted average - $3774 FIFO - $3770 LIFO - $3790To calculate gross profit under different methods:
Specific identification: It assigns actual cost of each unit sold based on purchase.
Sales = $9800
Less: COGS= $6015
Gross profit = $3785
Weighted average: Under this method average cost per unit is used.
Sales = $9800
Less: COGS = $6026
Gross profit = $3774
FIFO: Under this method it is assumes that first units purchased are the first ones sold.
Sales = $9800
Less: COGS = $6030
Gross profit = $3770
LIFO: Under this method it is assumes that the most recent units purchased are the first ones to be sold.
Sales = $9800
Less: COGS = $6010
Gross profit = $3790
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The complete question is:
Laker Company reported the following January purchases and sales data for its only product. The Company uses a perpetual inventory system. For specific identification, ending inventory consists of 190 units from the January 30 purchase, 5 units from the January 20 purchase, and 20 units from beginning inventory. Compute gross profit for the month of January for Laker Company for the four inventory methods.
which industry is easiest to enter in small business .
which is hardest to why .
The industry that is easiest to enter in small business is the service industry. The hardest industry to enter is the manufacturing industry.
The service industry is generally easier to enter for small businesses compared to the manufacturing industry. This is because the manufacturing industry requires significant investment in raw materials, machinery, and other equipment that can be expensive and require significant financing. This can make it difficult for small businesses to enter the manufacturing industry, as they often lack the resources to make the necessary investments. In contrast, the service industry is generally more accessible to small businesses, as it requires less capital investment.
For instance, a small business owner might need a vehicle, some basic tools, and some advertising to start a business such as landscaping, plumbing, or electrical services. In other words, the service industry requires lower startup costs, meaning that small businesses can quickly enter and operate in this industry. Additionally, the service industry is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world, providing plenty of opportunities for small business owners.
On the other hand, the manufacturing industry is one of the hardest industries to enter for small businesses. As previously mentioned, the high costs of manufacturing equipment, raw materials, and other related expenses are often beyond the reach of most small business owners. Furthermore, the manufacturing process itself can be challenging and complex, requiring specialized knowledge and expertise in order to operate successfully.In conclusion, the service industry is the easiest industry to enter for small businesses, while the manufacturing industry is the hardest.
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3 The closing process is a two-step process. First revenue, expense, and withdrawals are set to zero balance. Second, the process summarizes a period's assets and expenses. True or False
The statement that "the closing process is a two-step process. First revenue, expense, and withdrawals are set to zero balance. Second, the process summarizes a period's assets and expenses" is true.
The accounting cycle is a sequence of procedures that businesses undertake to record and maintain their financial records. The end of the accounting cycle is referred to as the closing process, which is a vital component of the accounting process. The closing process is divided into two phases: closing the temporary accounts and updating the balance sheet accounts. The temporary accounts include the revenue, expenses, and withdrawals accounts, which are referred to as temporary accounts since they relate to a single accounting cycle. It would be challenging to interpret financial information if the accounts were not reset at the end of each accounting cycle to begin the next one.To close the temporary accounts, all revenue accounts are aggregated and recorded in a single revenue summary account. Similarly, all expense accounts are consolidated and recorded in a single expense summary account. All withdrawal accounts are also merged and recorded in a single summary account called the withdrawal summary account. The second stage of the closing process entails updating the balance sheet accounts, which are classified as permanent accounts. They are referred to as permanent accounts since they are not reset at the end of each accounting cycle. The balances in these accounts, such as the assets, liabilities, and equity accounts, are transferred to the next accounting period. The closing process concludes with the creation of a post-closing trial balance. A post-closing trial balance is a listing of all the accounts with their updated balances after the closing process. It helps to double-check that all the accounts are balanced and to detect any mistakes that may have occurred during the accounting cycle.For more such questions on closing process , click on:
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ANDERSON ELECTRIC
Transactions
December
1. Transferred into business account 68,800
2, Cash paid for month's rent 1,800
3. Cash paid for electrical equipment 4,800
3. Total paid for electrical equipme
The Anderson Electric purchased electrical equipment worth $4,800 and paid the amount in cash.
This transaction would be recorded in the company's cash flow statement as an outflow of cash from operating activities.The cash flow statement is a financial statement that tracks cash inflows and outflows from various activities, including operating, investing, and financing. The statement is divided into three sections, and the first section records cash inflows and outflows from operating activities.Operating activities include the day-to-day activities that generate revenue for the company, such as sales, collections from customers, and payments to suppliers. Cash paid for electrical equipment is a payment to a supplier, and it is recorded as an outflow of cash from operating activities. The total paid for electrical equipment in 200 words is $4,800, which is the amount of cash paid by Anderson Electric for the equipment.In summary, Anderson Electric paid $4,800 in cash for electrical equipment, which is recorded in the cash flow statement as an outflow of cash from operating activities.
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Suppose you are tasked to study the variations in income earnings of Namibian black and white individuals. The Data sampling process (DSP) is given by: y = βo + βlnx+ β₂x₂₁+ β₂D₂ + e,i = 1,.,1801 (1) where y₁ = earnings, x₁ = education, xz experience and D, is a dummy 11 black variable such that
(D₁ = | 1 for black individuals)
| 0 for white individuals)
Using a sample of 1801 individuals, the following earnings equation has been estimated: Iny, = 7.059 +0.147lnx₁ +0.049x2-0.201D, (2); R² = 0.179 (0.135) (0.008) (0.007) (0.036) where standard errors are reported in parenthesis. Answer the following questions:
a) What are your prior expectations on the signs of B₂ and B,? Please motivate your answer.
b) Interpret the coefficients in equation (2)?
c) Test the hypothesis that there is no difference in expected earnings between black and white individuals.
d) with reference to the concept of multiple linear restrictions, suppose you drop experience and the dummy variable i.e. Di, and obtained the following estimate instead: R² = 0.153; n = 1801 Inŷ = 6.703 +0.1517Inx₁ (0.182) (0.012)
Use the concept of exclusion restriction to test if experience and the dummy variable are jointly significant in the original equation.
a)As a result, B₂ is expected to be positive since the coefficient for experience is expected to be lesser than that of education. b) Furthermore, when experience (x₂₁) increases by one unit, earnings increase by roughly 4.9%.c)The computed t-statistic is -5.64. d) therefore, we may reject the null hypothesis and infer that the experience and dummy variables are jointly significant.
a) Prior expectations on the signs of B₂ and B, The coefficient B₂ is expected to be positive, while the coefficient B, is anticipated to be negative. The motivation for this is that the variable D, is a dummy variable that takes on a value of 1 for black individuals and 0 for white individuals. Since B, is the coefficient for the dummy variable D,, it is expected to be negative since earnings are predicted to be lower for black individuals. Furthermore, education is assumed to have a positive effect on earnings, while experience is thought to have a lesser positive effect.
As a result, B₂ is expected to be positive since the coefficient for experience is expected to be lesser than that of education.
b) Interpretation of the coefficients in equation (2)In the equation, the coefficient B, for the dummy variable D, is negative, indicating that the expected earnings of black people are less than those of white individuals. When education (x₁) increases by one unit, earnings increase by approximately 14.7%.
Furthermore, when experience (x₂₁) increases by one unit, earnings increase by roughly 4.9%.
c) Hypothesis testing of the expected earnings difference between black and white individuals. The null hypothesis: There is no difference in the expected earnings of black and white individuals. The alternative hypothesis: There is a difference in the expected earnings of black and white individuals. The test statistic for the hypothesis is the coefficient B, for the dummy variable D,. Since B, is less than zero, a one-tailed test is appropriate. To perform the test, the critical value of the t-distribution is obtained using a 5% significance level and degrees of freedom (df) equal to the sample size minus the number of coefficients. Since the sample size is 1801 and there are four coefficients in the equation, df = 1797. The critical value is -1.645.
The computed t-statistic is -5.64. Since the t-statistic is less than the critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected, and it is concluded that there is a difference in the expected earnings of black and white individuals.
d) Exclusion restriction concept application The null hypothesis: The experience and dummy variable coefficients are jointly significant in the original equation. The alternative hypothesis: The experience and dummy variable coefficients are not jointly significant in the original equation. To calculate the F-statistic, we need to obtain the regression sum of squares (RSS) from the equation that contains the variables. The regression sum of squares is then divided by the error sum of squares (ESS) to obtain the F-statistic. The exclusion restriction is satisfied if the computed F-statistic is less than the critical value at a certain level of significance. The computed F-statistic is 30.98 and the critical value is 3.84.
therefore, we may reject the null hypothesis and infer that the experience and dummy variables are jointly significant.
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Exercise 12-22 (Algorithmic) (LO. 2, 3, 5) Yanni, who is single, provides you with the following information for 2021: Salary $113,800 State income taxes 11,380 Mortgage interest expense on principal 10,242 residence Charitable contributions 2,276 Interest income 1,707 Click here to access the exemption table. If required, round your answers to the nearest dollar. Compute the following: a. Yanni's taxable income: 89,902 X b. Yanni's AMT base: 29,389 c. Yanni's tentative minimum tax: 7,641
Yanni, who is single, provides you with the following information for 2021: Salary $113,800 State income taxes 11,380 Mortgage interest expense on principal 10,242 residence Charitable contributions 2,276 Interest income 1,707. Therefore, Yanni's taxable income, AMT base, and tentative minimum tax are $27,682, $64,162, and $7,641 respectively.
The AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax) is a different way of calculating federal income tax for individuals, which is aimed at ensuring that individuals who benefit from certain tax deductions and credits pay a minimum amount of tax. The AMT was developed to ensure that people with high incomes who use tax deductions and credits would not be able to avoid paying taxes altogether. So, in order to determine the individual's AMT, we will first determine the taxable income.
After we've calculated Yanni's taxable income, we'll be able to figure out his AMT base and tentative minimum tax as well.
To calculate these values information is provided below:
a. Yanni's taxable income: We can determine Yanni's taxable income by subtracting his exemption amount from his adjusted gross income (AGI) and subtracting any itemized deductions he might have, such as charitable contributions or mortgage interest. Yanni's exemption amount is determined by using the exemption table provided in the question. AGI is determined by subtracting any allowable adjustments from gross income, which are not provided in this question.
However, we have all the other required information. Exemption amount = $73,600 (Refer exemption table for single individual); Yanni's taxable income = Yanni's AGI - Exemption amount - Itemized deductions.
Here, Itemized deductions = Mortgage interest + Charitable contributions= $10,242 + $2,276= $12,518. Yanni's taxable income = $113,800 - $73,600 - $12,518= $27,682
b. Yanni's AMT base: The AMT base is determined by adding back certain deductions that were subtracted from the AGI to calculate the taxable income. These include standard deductions and state income taxes. AMT base = Yanni's taxable income + State income taxes + Standard deduction.Standard deduction for single individual = $25,100 (Refer exemption table for single individual); AMT base = $27,682 + $11,380 + $25,100= $64,162
c. Yanni's tentative minimum tax: The tentative minimum tax is calculated by multiplying the AMT base by the AMT rate and subtracting the AMT exemption amount. AMT rate = 26% AMT exemption amount for single individual = $74,450. Tentative minimum tax = AMT base * AMT rate - AMT exemption amount= $64,162 * 26% - $74,450= $7,641.
Therefore, Yanni's taxable income, AMT base, and tentative minimum tax are $27,682, $64,162, and $7,641 respectively.
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Qualitative interviews can occur: a. face to face b. online c. over the phone d. all of the answers are correct
Answer : Qualitative interviews are a means of gathering data that emphasizes the experiences of people and how they make sense of their world. Qualitative interviews can occur in many ways, including face-to-face, online, and over the phone. All of the above answers are correct.
Explanation :
Qualitative interviews are a means of gathering data that emphasizes the experiences of people and how they make sense of their world. Qualitative interviews can occur in many ways, including face-to-face, online, and over the phone. All of the above answers are correct.
Face-to-face interviews are the most common type of qualitative interview. They are one of the most effective methods of obtaining high-quality data because they enable the interviewer to pick up on non-verbal signs that provide important insight into the participant's thoughts and feelings. They can also establish a relationship between the interviewer and the participant, which can help build trust and encourage the participant to disclose more information.
Online interviews are a convenient way to conduct qualitative research. They can be conducted through various platforms, such as email, social media, or video conferencing. Online interviews are ideal for participants who cannot attend face-to-face interviews due to geographical distance or time constraints. They also provide the opportunity to interview participants from different countries and cultures.
Phone interviews are also a convenient way to conduct qualitative interviews. They are useful for gathering data quickly and easily, and they do not require travel, which can save time and money. Phone interviews can also be useful for participants who are not comfortable with face-to-face interviews or who may not have access to a computer.Overall, qualitative interviews can occur face to face, online, and over the phone. All of the answers are correct.
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sports coasters sells good-quality athletic wear by sending its customers a catalog nine times a year. the company has no retail stores, but offers a toll-free order number that operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. sports coasters sells using a technique known as:
Sports coasters sells good-quality athletic wear by sending its customers a catalog nine times a year. The company has no retail stores, but offers a toll-free order number that operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Sports coasters sells using a technique known as Direct Mail Marketing.
This is a technique of promoting products or services by sending a message directly to potential customers’ mailboxes. The company sends its customers a catalog nine times a year, which is a form of direct mail marketing. This allows the company to reach its target audience and promote its products through high-quality catalogs. Sports Coasters has no retail stores, which makes this technique an ideal choice for them, as it helps them to connect directly with their customers and promote their products without the need for a physical store.
Direct mail marketing is an effective technique as it allows companies to reach a large audience in a cost-effective way. The technique involves sending promotional materials such as catalogs, flyers, or brochures through the mail to potential customers. This technique allows companies to create a personal connection with customers, which can lead to increased sales and customer loyalty.
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A person has the following items on their balance sheet: • Student loan $20,000 • Car $6,000 • Stocks $10,000 • Checking deposits $6,000 • Credit card debt $2,000 • Savings deposits $10,000 • Cash $500 What is the value of this person's wealth? Enter a whole number.
____
The value of this person's wealth is $10,500.
The value of this person's wealth can be calculated by adding up all their assets and subtracting their liabilities.
Assets: Car ($6,000) + Stocks ($10,000) + Checking deposits ($6,000) + Savings deposits ($10,000) + Cash ($500) = $32,500
Liabilities: Student loan ($20,000) + Credit card debt ($2,000) = $22,000
Wealth = Assets - Liabilities
Wealth = $32,500 - $22,000
Wealth = $10,500
Therefore, the value of this person's wealth is $10,500.
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9 What are exclusions in a homeowner's insurance policy? A Exclusions are covered by the policy but are not attached to the home (i.e. sheds, detached garage etc.). B Exclusions are perils that are not specifically covered by the policy. Exclusions are not referred to in the policy. D Exclusions are perils that are specifically covered by the policy.
In a homeowner's insurance policy Exclusions are perils that are not specifically covered by the policy.
The correct answer to the given question is option B.
The exclusions of a homeowner's insurance policy include the following:Natural disasters – For instance, hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, and landslides are often excluded from standard policies. Some providers offer riders that can help cover these perils.
You should check to ensure what coverage is included before signing a policy.Acts of war – Losses caused by acts of war, including terrorism, are usually excluded from insurance policies. Intentional damage – Losses caused by intentional damage to your property by you or a person on your property will be excluded from coverage.
Wear and tear – The natural wear and tear of your home, personal property, and belongings are not covered under a homeowner's insurance policy.
Therefore, you need to maintain and repair your property regularly.Other exclusions – These include damages caused by pets, identity theft, and power failures, among others. It is best to carefully review an insurance policy before purchase and ask questions to understand the full scope of coverage.
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2407 English (Australia) SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER FROM THE TABLE BELOW TO FILL THE GAPS IN 26 TO 32 Post Implementation Review Business & IT Alignment Management reporting system Define IT Project Un
The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations.
A Post-Implementation Review (PIR) is a review conducted after a project has been implemented, which assesses the project's success and identifies opportunities for improvement.
PIRs assist the project team in determining what went well, what went wrong, and what needs to be improved in the future.
A PIR may be conducted by the project manager, project sponsor, or other project stakeholders, such as end-users, customers, or suppliers.
Business and IT alignment is the process of ensuring that an organization's IT strategy is closely aligned with its business goals and objectives.
It is critical to ensuring that the organization's IT investments are directed toward activities that will deliver the most significant business value.
Management reporting systems are used to track and report on key performance indicators (KPIs) for an organization or business unit.
These systems provide critical information to help managers make informed decisions.IT projects are projects that involve the development and implementation of information technology systems or solutions.
These projects typically involve significant investments in time, money, and other resources.
IT Project is the process of defining the scope, objectives, and requirements of an IT project. This process is critical to ensuring that the project is aligned with the organization's goals and objectives.
UN is the abbreviation of the United Nations. The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations.
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Ken earns $40,000 and pays $8,000 in tax, while Alicia earns $60,000 and pays $18,000 in tax.
If Ken's income increases by $100, his tax increases by $41, but if Alicia's income increases by $100, her tax increases by $54.
What is the average tax rate and marginal tax rate that Ken pays and that Alicia pays?
Is this income tax fair?
Ken's average tax rate is____percent.
To calculate the average tax rate and marginal tax rate, we need to use the formula:
Average Tax Rate = Total Tax Paid / Total Income
Ken's average tax rate:
Total Tax Paid = $8,000
Total Income = $40,000
Average Tax Rate = $8,000 / $40,000 = 0.20 or 20%
To calculate the marginal tax rate, we need to compare the change in tax with the change in income.
Ken's marginal tax rate:
Change in Tax = $41
Change in Income = $100
Marginal Tax Rate = Change in Tax / Change in Income = $41 / $100 = 0.41 or 41%
Similarly, we can calculate Alicia's average and marginal tax rates.
Alicia's average tax rate:
Total Tax Paid = $18,000
Total Income = $60,000
Average Tax Rate = $18,000 / $60,000 = 0.30 or 30%
Alicia's marginal tax rate:
Change in Tax = $54
Change in Income = $100
Marginal Tax Rate = Change in Tax / Change in Income = $54 / $100 = 0.54 or 54%
Whether the income tax is fair or not is a subjective question and depends on individual perspectives and societal norms. The fairness of a tax system is often a topic of debate and can vary based on factors such as income distribution, social policies, and economic considerations.
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The Campbell Company is considering adding a robotic paint sprayer to its production lane. The speayer's base price is $1,120,000, and it would cost another $17,500 to install it. The machine falls into the MACRS 3-year class, and it would be sold after 3 years for $385,000. The MACRS rates for the first the years a 0.3333,04445, and 0 1481. The machine would require an increase in networking capital (inventory) of $16.500. The sprayer would not change reves but it is expected to save the firm $396,000 per year in before-tex operating costs, mainly labor Campbell's marginal tax rate is 25% (Ignore the half-year convention for the straight line method) Cash outflows, if any, should be indicated by a minus sigs. Do not round intermediate calculation Round your answers to the nearest dolla What is the Year-O net cash flow What are the net operating cash flows an Years 1, 2, 37 Year 15 Yew 25 Year 3.5 Was the timal Year 3 cash flow (L, the after tax alvage and the rear of working capital? 4. the project's cost of capital as 14%, what is the NPV of the project Should the machine be purchased fico Famil ERIN B 61 et Min 9 x O The Campbell Company is considering adding a robotic paint sprayer to its production line. The sprayer's base price is $1,120,000, and it would cost another $17,500 to install it. The machine falls into the MACRS 3-year class, and it would be sold after 3 years for $585,000. The MACRS rates for the first three years are 0.3333, 0.4445, and 0.1481. The machine would require an increase in net working capital (Inventory) of $16,500. The sprayer would not change revenues, but it is expected to save the firm $396,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. Campbell's marginal tax rate is 25%. (Ignore the half-year convention for the straight-line method.) Cash outflows, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest dollar. A- 20 a. What is the Year-0 net cash flow? $ b. What are the net operating cash flows in Years 1, 2, and 3? Year 1: $ Year 2: $ Year 3: $ 4 c. What is the additional Year-3 cash flow (l.e, the after-tax salvage and the return of working capital)? $ d. If the project's cost of capital is 14%, what is the NPV of the project? $ Should the machine be purchased
Year-0 net cash flow: The Year-0 net cash flow is the total cash outflow at the beginning of the project. It is determined by the purchase price, installation cost, and net working capital increase.
Year-0 net cash flow = (Purchase price + Installation cost + Increase in net working capital) = $1,120,000 + $17,500 + $16,500 = $1,154,000
Therefore, the Year-0 net cash flow is $1,154,000.b) Net operating cash flows in Years 1, 2, and 3:Net operating cash flow is the amount of cash generated or consumed by a project's operations in a given year. It is calculated by adding depreciation and changes in net working capital to the before-tax operating income. The depreciation deduction for each year is computed using the MACRS depreciation method.
Net operating cash flow (Year 1) = (Before-tax operating income + Depreciation + Change in net working capital) × (1 - Tax rate)= ($396,000 + $1,120,000 × 0.3333 + $16,500) × (1 - 0.25) = $310,013
Net operating cash flow (Year 2) = (Before-tax operating income + Depreciation + Change in net working capital) × (1 - Tax rate)= ($396,000 + $1,120,000 × 0.4445 + $16,500) × (1 - 0.25) = $397,694
Net operating cash flow (Year 3) = (Before-tax operating income + Depreciation + Change in net working capital + After-tax salvage value) × (1 - Tax rate)= ($396,000 + $1,120,000 × 0.1481 + $16,500 + ($385,000 - $1,120,000 × 0.1481) × 0.75) × (1 - 0.25) = $475,699
Therefore, the net operating cash flows in Years 1, 2, and 3 are: Year 1: $310,013 Year 2: $397,694Year 3: $475,699c) Additional Year-3 cash flow: The additional Year-3 cash flow is the after-tax salvage value of the machine plus the return of net working capital. It is calculated as follows:
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Internal users of financial statements use the information to make key business decisions. Some common users include managers, employees, internal accountants, and executives. Briefly describe one reason why one of these stakeholders would evaluate the financial information and provide at least one example to illustrate your ideas. You must provide a minimum of 1 scholarly resource to support your rationale. Participate in follow-up discussion by providing additional reasons and examples that have not already been listed related to the stakeholders’' evaluation of financial statements.
Internal users of financial statements use the information to make key business decisions.
Briefly describe one reason why one of these stakeholders would evaluate the financial information and provide at least one example to illustrate your ideas. Internal users of financial statements use the information to make decisions that affect the company. Some common users include managers, employees, internal accountants, and executives. One reason why executives would evaluate financial information is to understand the financial position of the company. Reference: Horngren, C., Sundem, G. L., Schatzberg, J., & Burgstahler, D. (2021). Introduction to Management Accounting. For example, managers may use financial statements to evaluate the performance of their team or to identify opportunities to reduce costs. Employees may use financial statements to understand the financial health of the company and to see how their department is contributing to the overall financial performance of the company. Internal accountants may use financial statements to identify areas where the company can improve its financial processes. Additionally, executives may use financial statements to evaluate the performance of the company and to identify areas where the company can improve. They can also use financial statements to identify trends and patterns that may indicate opportunities for growth or areas that need improvement.
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How many of the following statements are true? Nominal interest rates are generally higher than real interest rates. Sinking funds reduce bond holder risk. If interest rates increase the holding period yield (HPY) on bonds will likely increase. If the market rate is greater than the coupon rate, bonds will be sold at a premium. O O о O Three of the statements. One of the statements. Two of the statements. All of the statements. None of the statements.
If the market rate is greater than the coupon rate, bonds will be sold at a discount. If the coupon rate is less than the market rate, then the bond will be priced lower in the market.
The correct answer is "One of the statements." Only one of the given statements is true which is "Nominal interest rates are generally higher than real interest rates." Nominal interest rate is the actual amount that is charged by the lender to the borrower and it is unadjusted for inflation whereas real interest rate is nominal rate adjusted for inflation. Since nominal rate is higher than the real rate, therefore this statement is true. However, the other three statements are false: Sinking funds are created to reduce the risk of default. Therefore, it is an issuer-related risk reduction mechanism but not a bond holder's risk reduction mechanism. Hence, statement 2 is false. If interest rates increase the holding period yield (HPY) on bonds will likely decrease. Because the bond holder will lose value in the bond that he/she is holding. Hence, statement 3 is false. If the market rate is greater than the coupon rate, bonds will be sold at a discount. If the coupon rate is less than the market rate, then the bond will be priced lower in the market. Hence, statement 4 is false.
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