Protein quality is determined by the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), which is based on the protein's digestibility and its amino acid profile.
Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) measures a protein's quality by taking into account both its amino acid composition and how well it can be assimilated by humans.By comparing the individual food protein's amino acid profile to a reference amino acid profile using the PDCAAS method, the protein quality rankings are calculated, with 1.0 being the highest possible score. This rating indicates that the protein provides 100 percent or more of the essential amino acids per unit of protein after digestion.The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and biological value (BV) techniques for determining protein quality are distinct from the PDCAAS value.To learn more about the Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) refer to:
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Why can food chains
generally support no more
than 4 or 5 trophic levels?
O
A. Because energy is lost at every
level.
B. Because there are a set
number of niches in an
ecosystem that do not change.
C. Because there is not enough
room for so many organisms.
OD. None of these
Answer:
A. Because energy is lost at every level.
Explanation:
energy decreases as it travels from lower levels to upper levels--which is a logical observation you could make.
Think of it like this--if a fish eats a small organism, it will then spend some of the energy obtained from the organism swimming around--so when a larger fish eats our fish, the energy from the original organism will already be partially lost (from our fish swimming around).
This means that when this pattern continues over multiple levels, we keep losing energy--which limits the environment's capacity for organisms to survive.
Hope this helps, have a lovely day :)
Which of the following is the correct order of procedure for somatic-cell nuclear transfer?
I. The nuclei of the somatic cell and the egg cell are removed.
II. The egg with the somatic cell nucleus is stimulated with a mild electric shock.
III. The nucleus of the somatic cell is then inserted into the enucleated egg cell.
A. I, II, and III
B. I, III, and II
C. III, I, and II
D. III, II, and I
The correct order of steps in somatic nuclear transfer is I, III, and II; option B.
What is somatic nuclear transfer?Somatic nuclear transfer is a process by which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed.
The steps in somatic nuclear transfer are as follows:
The nuclei of the somatic cell and the egg cell are removed.The nucleus of the somatic cell is then inserted into the enucleated egg cell.II. The egg with the somatic cell nucleus is stimulated with a mild electric shock.In conclusion, the nucleus of a somatic cell is inserted into an enucleated egg cell in somatic nuclear cell.
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2. Why is there such a high rate of spontaneous mutation among the genes responsible for classic hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and achondroplasia
The genes responsible for classic hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and achondroplasia have a high rate of spontaneous mutation because these disorders are associated with sex-linked traits.
What is Spontaneous mutation?Spontaneous mutation may be defined as a type of mutation which carries in the body of an organism naturally without any interference from mutagens.
The genes of the above-mentioned disorders have a high rate of spontaneous mutations because they are unaffected by any external mutagens and are sex-linked traits that are inherited from parents to their offspring.
Hence, the genes of these disorders follow the path of spontaneous mutations.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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Which conclusions can be made about the animals of each class based on the structural similarities of the embryos?
The main conclusion from observing animals of each class based on the similarities of the embryos is that there is an evolutionary relationship among these lineages.
What is evolution?Evolution makes reference to the process of descendence with modification from a common ancestor.
Embryo structures are fundamental for studying evolution of a given taxonomic group because they exhibit similarities due to a common origin.
These homo-logies (i.e., similarities by the same origin) may disappear in adult organisms.
In conclusion, structural similarities of the embryos can be used to show evolutionary relationships among animals of different taxonomic classes.
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Which are correct
examples of physical (P), chemical (C), and biological (B) barriers?
P: complement system; C: saliva; B: coughing
• P: coughing; C: saliva; B: complement system
• P: coughing; C: sneezing; B: complement system
• P: complement system; C: saliva; B: sneezing
P: coughing; C: saliva; B: complement system. That is option B.
What are immune barriers?The immune barriers are defined as those natural barriers that helps to prevent the invading of microorganisms on a host cell.
The physical barrier are natural structural obstacles example is coughing.
The Chemical barrier is the saliva that contains enzymes which can digest invading microorganisms.
The biological barrier is the complement system.
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Based on this map, which of the following countries do you think contributes
least to global climate change?
Canada
USA
Mexico
Greenland
Brazil
A. China
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
B. United States
C. Brazil
D. Greenland
Africa
South Africa
Russia
India
China
Australia
In thousands of
metric tons
5,000,000+
1,000,000-5,000,000
300,000-1,000,000
100,000-300,000
50,000-100,000
20,000-50,000
5,000-20,000
1,000-5,000
0-1,000
The country that contributes least to global climate change, as shown on the map is D. Greenland.
Which areas in the world contribute to climate change ?Climate change is a global issue, and all regions of the world contribute to it in different ways. The main drivers of climate change are greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and land-use change.
Some of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions are developed countries like the United States, Europe, and Japan, due to their high levels of industrialization and energy consumption. Developing countries such as China and India are also becoming major contributors as their economies grow and their energy needs increase.
However, as shown on the map, Greenland contributes the least to global climate change as they are in green color which is among the lowest.
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Facilitated diffusion is a type of _____. Facilitated diffusion is a type of _____. active transport passive transport pinocytosis phagocytosis
Facilitated diffusion is a type of Passive transport.
Diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the plasma membrane is referred to as facilitated diffusion.Passive transport is a subset of facilitated diffusion. Because the solution is traveling down the concentration gradient, assisted diffusion is still passive transport even when it incorporates transport proteins.Passive transport includes both aided diffusion and simple diffusion. They transport compounds from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area. The former, however, differs from the latter in the manner in which molecules pass the membrane. Membrane proteins are needed for facilitated diffusion to move biological molecules.learn more about Facilitated diffusion here: https://brainly.com/question/13846065
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If I measured the overall diversity of a population that had gone through a recent bottleneck and then rapidly recovered its former population size, what would I find
If the overall diversity of a population is measured that had gone through a recent bottleneck and then rapidly recovered its former population size, it would have a lower than expected diversity based on its population size.
What is Population Bottleneck?A population bottleneck is a situation where the population is substantially reduced. A variety of occurrences, such as an environmental catastrophe, the extinction-level hunting of a species, or the destruction of an organism's habitat, might result in the bottleneck. Due to the loss of many alleles, or gene variants, present in the initial population, the population's gene pool decreases as a result of the population bottleneck. The event has resulted in an extremely low amount of genetic variation in the remaining population, which indicates that the population as a whole has few genetic traits.When a population bottleneck occurs and there are alleles present, the residual population is more susceptible to genetic drift.
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Several blood vessels of the human body contain receptors that sense when the blood pressure is too high. When these receptors are stretched (high blood pressure), they cause the slowing of the heartbeat and the widening of vessels to bring the pressure down to normal levels. This scenario is an example of a homeostatic mechanism that operates by: negative feedback. resource cycling. noncompetitive inhibition. competitive inhibition. positive feedback.
Several blood vessels of the human body contain receptors that sense when the blood pressure is too high. When these receptors are stretched (high blood pressure), they cause the slowing of the heartbeat and the widening of vessels to bring the pressure down to normal levels. This scenario is an example of a negative feedback.
A response that is the opposite of the change noticed constitutes negative feedback (it functions to reduce the change)As a result of a change being sensed by a receptor and an effector being triggered to produce the opposite action, equilibrium is promoted.Homeostatic systems, such as the following, are examples of processes that use negative feedback loops:Thermoregulation (if body temperature changes, mechanisms are induced to restore normal levels)Control of blood sugar (insulin lowers blood glucose when levels are high ; glucagon raises blood glucose when levels are low)Osmoregulation (ADH is secreted to retain water when dehydrated and its release is inhibited when the body is hydrated)The control of blood pressure is an illustration of a negative feedback loop. Receptors in the brain can recognize a rise in blood pressure.
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Several blood vessels of the human body contain receptors that sense when the blood pressure is too high. When these receptors are stretched (high blood pressure), they cause the slowing of the heartbeat and the widening of vessels to bring the pressure down to normal levels. This scenario is an example of negative feedback.
What is negative feedback?Negative feedback is a response that is the exact opposite of the change observed (it functions to reduce the change)
Equilibrium is encouraged when a change is perceived by a receptor and an effector is activated to take the opposite action.
Negative feedback loops are employed by homeostatic systems, such as the following:
Thermoregulation (if body temperature changes, mechanisms are induced to restore normal levels)management of blood sugar (insulin lowers blood glucose when levels are high ; glucagon raises blood glucose when levels are low)Osmoregulation (ADH is secreted to retain water when dehydrated and its release is inhibited when the body is hydrated).A negative feedback loop is demonstrated by controlling blood pressure. A rise in blood pressure can be detected by brain receptors.learn more about negative feedback here: brainly.com/question/4636540
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In the ovary, oocytes are held at metaphase II of meiosis until fertilization. How is this block released
In the ovary, oocytes are held at metaphase II of meiosis until fertilization.This block released, when Progesterone activates c-Mos, which further phosphorylates maturation promotion factor (MPF).
Maturation promoting factor :
One of the major protein kinases that activates and acts as the master regulator for the M-phase transition is Cdk1/cyclin B, also known as maturation promoting factor or MPF. It phosphorylates and activates other downstream protein kinases and directly phosphorylates several structural proteins involved in cellular reorganization.
It also play a major role in chromatin condensation by phosphorylating condensins; a role in NEBD by phosphorylating lamins, nuclear pore complexes, and inner nuclear membrane proteins; a role in fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus by phosphorylating Golgi matrix proteins; and a role in spindle formation by phosphorylating centrosome-associated proteins and MAPs.
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If you were to look at the age structure of a population of an endangered species and determine that there are mostly older individuals you could say that the population is
If you were to look at the age structure of a population of an endangered species and determine that there are mostly older individuals you could say that the population is declining and could be in danger of extinction.
What are endangered species?An organism that faces extinction is referred to as an endangered species. The two main factors that cause a species to become endangered are habitat loss and genetic diversity loss.
Because it prevents our native fish, plants, and other animals from going extinct, the Endangered Species Act is crucial. There is no turning back once they are gone they are lost forever.
Endangered species are those that are at risk of going extinct and must therefore be safeguarded and conserved. Extinct species are those that no longer exist on the planet.
It's Important to Save Endangered Species because:
From antibiotics to anti-cancer medications, they are the sources of those substances.They are the earliest indication of significant environmental problems.They support the well-being of crops (and, indirectly, people).They help the economy grow.To know more about Endangered Species refer to: https://brainly.com/question/10415903
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In most cases along the nephron, the driving force in the reabsorption of solutes is the downward concentration gradient of
In most cases along the nephron, the driving force in the reabsorption of solutes is the downward concentration gradient of -ATPase, which is localized in the basolateral membrane.
Ion Transport in the Kidney TubulesThe -ATPase, which is located in the basolateral membrane, is the main enzyme that drives Na+Cl reabsorption, according to the current review of the subject.As a result of the tiny ionic gradients that form in the proximal tubule, where bulk reabsorption occurs, the transport here is so cost-effective. As a result of Na+Cl- being reabsorbed and water being unable to follow, the TAL already has less efficient transport, but this nephron segment builds up ionic gradients (the urinary concentrating mechanism). However, incredibly high ionic gradients can be built up here despite the expensive transport. ADH and aldosterone are the two hormones that play the most significant roles in mediating the regulation.To learn more about Kidney Tubules refer to:
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Identify and describe the stages of cell growth and reproduction in both plant and animal cells.
The main phases of the cell growth in plants and animals include:
InterphaseNuclear divisionCytokinesisWhat is Cell division?This is the process in which the parent cells divide into two or more daughter cells.
Plants and animals both undergo meiosis and mitosis with the former being used during reproduction while the latter is used during growth etc.
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Which of Mendel's laws or principles states that gametes carry one allele for each trait?
Answer:
Law of Segregation: When gametes form, alleles are separated so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. Law of Independent Assortment: The segregation of alleles for one gene occurs independently of that of any other gene* Principle of Dominance: Recessive alleles will be masked by dominant alleles.
Explanation:
Law of Segregation: When gametes form, alleles are separated so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. Law of Independent Assortment: The segregation of alleles for one gene occurs independently to that of any other gene* Principle of Dominance: Recessive alleles will be masked by dominant alleles
The theory of evolution by natural selection requires variability of a given trait. Why is variability necessary and where does it come from
Genetic variation is required for natural selection to operate. If all individuals possessed the same feature, there would be no relative variation in their reproductive success because they would all be equally suited to their environments.
A population's genetic variation can be measured to provide an idea of the range of genetic differences that are present in that community.
The genetic variation that exists throughout an entire species is typically referred to as the species' genetic diversity. Individuals might have distinct genetic variants due to variances in the DNA segments or genes they inherited from their parents. These variations are referred to as alleles. A population, for instance, is said to have a high level of genetic variety when there are many distinct alleles present at a single chromosome site. Natural selection can only increase or reduce the frequency of alleles that already exist in a population.
Mutations, which change the order of genes in DNA, are one way that genes can be different. Another source is gene flow, which is when genes move from one group of organisms to another. Lastly, sexual reproduction can cause genetic variation because it creates new combinations of genes.
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Attachment of the mitotic spindle fibers to the kinetochores is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis?.
Attachment of the mitotic spindle fibers to the kinetochores is a characteristic of the Metaphase stage of mitosis.
The main stages of mitosis are as follows:
Prophase: During prophase, the chromatin material begins to condense into visible chromosomes.Metaphase: During metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the equator attached to spindle fibers. The mitotic spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.Anaphase: During anaphase, the chromosomes are pulled apart and homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles. Telophase and cytokinesis: During telophase nuclear membrane begins to appear and two distinct nuclear membranes are visible.hence metaphase is the correct answer.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
Minerals are micronutrients required by the body for various key functions. The mineral BLANK
is required to carry oxygen in the
blood to all body tissues, and BLANK is a rich source of this mineral.
The mineral options:
Calcium
Iron
Sodium
The second blank:
Vegetable oil
Red meat
Milk
What is the protective insulation that surrounds parts of neurons and speeds the transmission of electrical impulses
Answer:
Mylein Sheath
Explanation:
Why is determining the AVR important
Since 1996, Atmel has created the AVR family of microcontrollers, which Microchip Technology purchased in 2016. As contrast to the one-time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other microcontroller families at the time, AVR was one of the first to utilise on-chip flash memory for program storage.
A new planet is discovered orbiting a star with a mass 3.5 ´ at a distance of 1.2 . Assume that the orbit is circular. What is the orbital period of the planet?
According to Kepler's third law the orbital period is 7.20.
What is Kepler's 3rd law?Kepler's third law states that the square of a planet's orbital period (T²) is directly proportional to the cube of its average distance from the Sun (R³). Furthermore, the ratio between T² and R³ has exactly the same magnitude for all the stars that orbit this star.
"The ratio of the square of the period to the cube of the mean radius of a planet's orbit is constant.""
[tex]\frac{T^{2} }{R^{3} } = CONSTANT[/tex]
With this information, we can conclude that according to Kepler's third law the orbital period is 7.20.
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One of the most important rain forest predators, attacking a wide range of different primates, is the monkey-eating eagle. We know this because
one of the most important rain forest predators, attacking a wide range of different primates, is the monkey-eating eagle. we know this because all forest primates have an identical alarm call that means, essentially, "Eagle!"
What are primates?Primates are those forest animals that has highly developed brain and backbone.
Some of them are predators while others are source of food for predators known as preys.
Example of such predators are the monkey eating eagles which are capable of hunting monkeys as their preys.
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Read the passage. What is Angelou’s viewpoint toward the time she spent with Mrs. Flowers?
It was a humorous time that made her laugh.
It was very important to her.
It was something she dreaded and avoided.
It was one of many things she enjoyed.
From the passage, Angelou’s viewpoint toward the time she spent with showed that It was very important to her; option B.
What is Angelou’s viewpoint?A viewpoint is an idea or feeling one has about something.
Note that the above question is missing the passage. The complete passage is given below in italics:
"On that first day, I ran down the hill and into the road (few cars ever came along it) and had the good sense to stop running before I reached the Store. I was liked, and what a difference it made. I was respected not as Mrs. Henderson's grandchild or Bailey's sister but for just being Marguerite Johnson. —I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou"Angelou’s viewpoint can be seen from the passage above.
From the passage, Angelou was excited to visit Mrs. Flowers as she ran to go see her. She also knew she was liked.
In conclusion, Angelou valued the time she spent with Mrs. Flowers.
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The person above me is correct the answer is B) it was very important to her
Explanation: edge of 2022 so sry this is late but hope it helps <3
True or false: Polygenic traits that are subject to environmental influences can control multifactorial traits.
True, Polygenic traits that are subject to environmental influences can control multifactorial traits.
What is Polygenic and Multifactorial trait?Multifactorial traits are traits influenced by many factors, including genetic and environmental factors.Polygenic traits are traits that are controlled by many genes.The multifactorial trait may be continuous or discontinuous, but the polygenic trait is continuous.Multifactorial traits are polygenic traits that are strongly influenced by the environment.Many human disorders are multifactorial or polygenic diseases.Multifactorial and polygenic diseases are very complex to resolve.So, polygenic traits when influenced by the environment are called multifactorial traits.To learn more about Genes and Traits,
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what are the bonds that hold two animo acids together called ? A.peptide bonds B.double bonds C. oxygen bonds D. ionic bonds
Answer:
Peptide bonds are the bonds that hold two amino acids together.
Hope its helpful!
The bonds that hold two amino acids together are called peptide bonds. Therefore option A is correct.
Peptide bonds are a type of covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group (-COOH) of one amino acid and the amino group (-NH2) of another amino acid.
During a process called dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction, the carboxyl group of one amino acid combines with the amino group of another, releasing a water molecule and forming a peptide bond.
This process links amino acids together to create polypeptide chains, which are the building blocks of proteins. The sequence and arrangement of amino acids in a protein determine its unique structure and function.
Therefore option A is correct.
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Can someone explain for me the uptake of mineral salt in plants
Answer:
Plants cannot absorb mineral salt directly. Salts are usually absorbed as ions. The mineral salts of the soil being dissolved in water are divided into canons (+) and anions (-) and plants absorb than in this condition.
Explanation:
Beta adrenergic receptor-blocking drugs are often called beta-blockers. These drugs prevent the hormone epinephrine from binding to its G-protein-coupled receptor. In the pathway activated by epinephrine, the activated G-protein would normally activate adenylate cyclase. When the drug is in use, which step(s) is/are prevented
All the steps of GPCR signaling would be prevented in the presence of a beta-blocker drug.
What is Beta-blocker?Beta-blocker may be defined as a kind of medication that chokes the activity of substances, such as adrenaline, on nerve cells and provokes blood vessels to relax and dilate.
Adrenergic receptors choke the attachment of catecholamine that is epinephrine to the G-protein. G-protein activates adenylyl cyclase which in turn activates protein kinase A.
But when the beta-blocker drug is subjected to this pathway, it blocks the attachment of the hormone to their receptors, hence none of the pathway or steps would be carried forward. This is because signaling is not initiated.
Therefore, all the steps of GPCR signaling would be prevented in the presence of a beta-blocker drug.
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Innate immunity Group of answer choices is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens. is nonspecific and present at birth. provides increased susceptibility to disease. involves T cells and B cells. involves a memory component.
Innate immunity is nonspecific and present at birth.
Invaders including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and poisons, as well as injuries or trauma, are first detected by the body's innate immune system. The innate immune system triggers cells to attack and eliminate the outsider or to start repair upon detection of these agents or events. It also informs and modifies the adaptive immune response, which follows this first line of defense.Innate immunity, also known as nonspecific immunity, is the defense mechanism you were born with.Unlike adaptive immune responses, which are tailored to a specific pathogen, innate immune responses are not. They rely on a collection of proteins and phagocytic cells, which can quickly activate in response to pathogen recognition and assist annihilate intruders.learn more about Innate immunity here: https://brainly.com/question/26322261
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If a population has relatively few individuals in the young classes, but many in the medium-aged and old classes, what can we conclude about population growth
This tells us that the population is declining.
What is a declining population?Reduction in population sizeRepresented by urn-shaped pyramidLow number of individuals in pre-reproductive age group (young), maximum number of individuals in reproductive group (medium-aged) and few number in post-reproductive group (old).Learn about expanding population here:
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In the CRISPR/Cas system __________. Multiple Choice restriction endonucleases digest viral genomes once they enter the cell if the viral DNA is not methylated bacteria integrate portions of the viral genome into their own so they have a molecular snapshot of their attacker to prevent future encounters methylated DNA sequences are hydrolyzed, effectively destroying the viral DNA methylase enzymes add methyl groups to the viral nucleic acids, preventing transcription
In the CRISPR/Cas system restriction endonucleases digest viral genomes once they enter the cell if the viral DNA is not methylated bacteria integrate portions of the viral genome into their own so they have a molecular snapshot of their attacker to prevent future encounters.
With CRISPR/Cas, it is simple to delete a gene of interest or, if a DNA template is included, to introduce a new sequence at the appropriate location. The technique has significantly shortened the time and cost required to create animal models with precise genomic alterations, which has had a significant impact on biomedical research. The CRISPR/Cas system is currently regularly used in mice for this reason by JAX researchers. Additionally, it is theoretically conceivable to implant DNA that corrects known mutations in human disorders like cystic fibrosis.learn more about CRISPR/Cas system here: https://brainly.com/question/24881426
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At the zoo, you observe a small tree-dwelling primate with a long snout and a rhinarium (wet nose). It is most likely a
Observing a small tree-dwelling primate with a long snout and a rhinarium (wet nose) means it is most likely a strepsirrhines.
What is a Strepsirrhines?
This is a type of primate which include animals such as lemurs, bush babies etc.
They usually have characteristic long snout and a wet nose thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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