The product of this reaction is an alkene, specifically 1-butene: CH3CH=CHCH3.
In this reaction, the primary alcohol (CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) is converted to an alkene (CH3CH2CH=CH2) by the addition of H2SO4 as an acid catalyst. The E2 reaction involves the abstraction of a proton from the carbon adjacent to the alcohol, forming a double bond and releasing a molecule of water in the process.
Define primary alcohols?
Primary alcohols are organic compounds containing an alcohol functional group with a carbon atom that has no alkyl substituents. Primary alcohols usually have the general formula CnH2n+1OH, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Examples of primary alcohols include ethanol, methanol, propanol, and butanol.
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Determine the equilibrium constant at 255 K for the following reaction under acidic conditions.
4H+ (aq) + MnO₂ (s) + 2Fe²+ (aq) ———› Mn²+ (aq) + 2Fe³+ (aq) + 2H₂O(1)
The two half-reactions are:
MnO₂ (s) + 4H+ (aq) + 2e¯¯ ———› Mn²+ (aq) + 2H₂O(1) E* = 1.23 V
Fe³+ (aq) + e, Fe²+ (aq) E³ = .0.770 V
Temperature is supplied to us as 225 K. The reduction potential potentials will be used to get it equilibrium constant for the this reaction.
What does equilibrium mean in its simplest form?Definition of EQUILIBRIUM as a noun in the Britannica Dictionary. [noncount] 1. a condition when conflicting forces or acts are matched so that neither is stronger or more significant than the other.
What does the term "equilibrium" signify in biology?The forces that affect the body must balance out with an equivalent and opposing force for there to be a condition of equilibrium. The physiological state of equilibrium, wherein forces internal and external are all in balance, in an active moving animal. The system is hence stable.
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Would an action potential be possible without the presence of proteins? Explain your
response.
A. Yes, the action potential would be possible since the Na+ being hydrophobic can enter the neuron through the phospholipid bilayer.
B. No, the action potential would not be possible since Na+ being hydrophilic would not be able to move across the plasma membrane.
C. No, the action potential would not be possible since Na+ being hydrophilic would not be able to move across the plasma membrane unless ATP was available
Action potential would not be possible because ions would not be able to move across the plasma membrane without the channels provided by proteins.
What is action potential ?When the membrane potential of a particular cell site rapidly increases and decreases, an action potential happens. Following this depolarization, nearby areas also experience depolarization. Excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and some plant cells, are a class of animal cells that exhibit action potentials.
Larger protein molecules are integrated within a lipid bilayer that makes up a cell membrane. The lipid bilayer serves as an insulator because it impedes the flow of electrically charged ions very effectively.
Action potentials are produced by channel proteins, which change their state from closed to open depending on the voltage differential between the cell's interior and exterior.
Therefore, action potential is not possible without proteins.
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Question 32 of 43
Indicate the electron pair geometry and the molecular geometry for each of the six compounds
1) Electron pair geometry - tetrahedral
Molecular geometry - bent
2) Electron pair geometry - tetrahedral
Molecular geometry - bent
3) Electron pair geometry - tetrahedral
Molecular geometry - linear
4) Electron pair geometry - tetrahedral
Molecular geometry - trigonal bipyramidal
5) Electron pair geometry - trigonal planar
Molecular geometry - trigonal planar
What is the electron pair geometry?We know that a compound would have its structure based on the number of electrons pairs that can be found on the valence shell of the atom. According to the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, the electron pairs that surround the valence shell would be the major determinant of the structure of the compound.
We also have to recall that the number of the lone pairs and the bond pairs in the compound are also a key as we want to determine the structure. This is because, while all the electron pairs count towards the electron pair geometry, the bond pairs count towards the molecular geometry of the compound.
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The electron configuration of a Ti atom is A) [Ne]3s23d2. B) [Ne] 3s24d2 C) [Ar]4s 3d2 D) [Ar]4s24d2 E) [Ar]3d 2. The electron configuration of an Fe2ion is A) [Arj4s24d. B) [Ar]4s23d6. C) Ar]3d. D) [Ar]3d5. E) Ar]3d 3. The total number of electrons in the 3d orbitals of a copper atom is A) 6 B) 7 C)8 D) 9 E) 10 4. How would you expect the molecule 1,10-phenanthroline (shown below) to functi a ligand? C-C ?-? H-C C-C C-H CEN A) It would be expected to be a monodentate ligand. B) It would be expected to be a bidentate ligand. C) It would be expected to be a tridentate ligand. D) It would be expected to be a tetradentate ligand E) It would not be expected to function as a ligand. 5. In the complex ion (Co(en)2Bralt, the oxidation number of Co is 6. Give the coordination number (C.N.) and oxidation number (O.N.) of the meta in the coordination compound ICr(NHs)len )Cla]. C) CN. = 5; O.N. = +2.
The electronic configuration of Ti is d)[Ne]3d²4s². The electronic configuration of Fe2+ is b)[Ar]4s²3d⁶. The total number of electrons in the 3d orbitals of Copper is E)10. The molecule 1-10phenanthroline is b)bidentate ligand and coordination number and oxidation number of (Cr(NH₃)₂(en)Cl₂ is E) CN = 6; ON = +2
A) The electron configuration of a Ti atom is d) [Ne]3d²4s².
This is the correct answer because Titanium (Ti) is a transition metal with atomic number 22. Therefore, it has 22 electrons with the following configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d² 4s².
B) The electron configuration of a Fe2+ ion is b) [Ar]4s²3d⁶.
This is the correct answer because Iron (Fe) is a transition metal with atomic number 26. Therefore, it has 26 electrons with the following configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁶ 4s². When it forms a Fe²⁺ ion, it loses two electrons from the 4s orbital, leaving [Ar]4s²3d⁶ as the electron configuration.
C) The total number of electrons in the 3d orbitals of a copper atom is E) 10.
This is the correct answer because Copper (Cu) is a transition metal with atomic number 29. Therefore, it has 29 electrons with the following configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s¹. Therefore, the total number of electrons in the 3d orbitals is 10.
D) b) It would be expected to be a bidentate ligand. This is the correct answer because 1,10-phenanthroline is a bidentate ligand, meaning it can bind to two electron-rich sites at the same time. It binds to the metal center through its nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom. Therefore, it is expected to be a bidentate ligand.
E) In the complex ion (Cr(NH₃)₂(en)Cl₂, the oxidation number of Co is +2 and the coordination number is 6. Hence the correct option is E).
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Answer: B. [Ar] 4s23d2
Explanation:
A.[Ar]4s23p2
B.[Ar]4s23d2
C.[Ar]4s24d2
D.[Ar]4s24p2
A mixture of 14.2 g of H2 and 36.7 g of Ar is placed in a 100.0 L container at
STP.
a. What is the total pressure in atmospheres inside the container?
b. What is the mole fraction and partial pressure of H2 in atmospheres?
c. What is the mole fraction and partial pressure of Ar in atmospheres?
a) The total pressure of the system is 1.79 atm
b) The mole fraction and partial pressure of hydrogen is 0.89 and 1.59 atm respectively
c) The mole fraction and the partial pressure of argon is 0.11 and 0.19 atm.
What is the total pressure?We know tat we can be able to obtain the total pressure in the system by the use of the ideal gas equation. We would have from the equation;
PV = nRT
P = pressure
V = volume
n = Number of moles
R = gas constant
T = temperature
Number of moles of hydrogen = 14.2 g/2g = 7.1 moles
Number of moles of Argon = 36.7 g/40 g/mol
= 0.92 moles
Total number of moles = 7.1 moles + 0.92 moles = 8.02 moles
Then;
P = nRT/V
P = 8.02 * 0.082 * 273/100
P = 1.79 atm
Mole fraction of hydrogen = 7.1/8.02 = 0.89
Partial pressure of hydrogen = 0.89 * 1.79 atm
= 1.59 atm
Mole fraction of argon = 0.92 / 8.02
= 0.11
Partial pressure of argon = 0.11 * 1.79 atm
= 0.19 atm
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1. What is the use of the following reagents in the various organic reactions?
a. Carbon tetra chloride in the preparation of alkynes (5 marks)
b. Hydrogen bromide in the preparation of alkynes (5 marks)
a. Carbon tetra chloride is used as a solvent in the preparation of alkynes through the process of dehydrohalogenation. It acts as a reactant in the reaction, where it is converted into a chloride ion and a molecule of acetylene.
b. Hydrogen bromide is used in the preparation of alkynes through the process of bromination. It acts as a reactant in the reaction, where it is converted into a bromide ion and a molecule of acetylene. It is typically used in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as aluminum chloride, to facilitate the reaction.
Answer: A. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is used as a solvent and a reactant in the preparation of alkynes through a reaction known as the chloroformic esterification or the Wurtz reaction. In this reaction, an alkyne is treated with CCl4 and sodium metal to produce a chloroformate ester, which can then be hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acid.
b. Hydrogen bromide (HBr) is used in the preparation of alkynes through a reaction known as the bromination of alkynes. In this reaction, an alkyne is treated with HBr and a Lewis acid catalyst to produce a geminal dibromide, which can then be hydrolyzed to the corresponding alkyne. This reaction is useful for the synthesis of alkyne compounds that are not readily available from other sources.
Both CCl4 and HBr are commonly used reagents in organic chemistry due to their reactivity and versatility. They can be used to synthesize a wide range of compounds, including alkynes, by reacting with various organic compounds under appropriate conditions.
Question 30 of 43
The balanced equation for the neutralization reaction of aqueous H2SO4 with aqueous KOH is shown.
H2SO4 (aq) +2KOH (aq) → 2H2O+K2SO4 {aq}.
What volume of 0.240M KOH is needed to react completely with 11.4mL of 0.110M H2SO4 ?
The volume of 0.240 M KOH to react completely with 11.4 ml of 0.110 M sulphuric acid is 5.225 ml.
What is molarity?Molarity of a solution is the ratio of the number moles of solutes to the volume of solution in liters. Molarity is most common term used to express the concentration of a solution.
Let the volume and molarity of the titrant be V1 and M1 respectively and the volume of molarity of the analyte be V2 and M2 then,
M1 V1 = M2 V2.
Given volume of H₂SO₄ = 11.4 ml
Molarity = 0.11 M
Molarity of KOH = 0.24 M
volume of KOH = (11.4 ml × 0.11 M) / 0.24 M
= 5.225 ml.
Hence, the volume of KOH needed for the titration with sulphuric acid is 5.2 ml.
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Compare the viscosity of neopentane, (CH3)4C, and n-pentane.Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. You would expect the viscosity of _____ to be larger mainly because _____ when compared to the other hydrocarbon. the spherical shape results in weaker dispersion forces the cylindrical shape results in stronger dispersion forces the linear shape means the molecule is more polar the symmetrical shape means tire molecule is less polar neopentane n-pentane
You would expect the viscosity of n-pentane to be larger mainly because the cylindrical shape results in stronger dispersion forces when compared to the other hydrocarbon.
It can be seen that the surface area of pentane increases because all carbon atoms are densely packed in neopentane. Therefore, the van der Waals forces are stronger in pentane and the intermolecular forces are stronger. Pentane is therefore the most vicious of the pair.
n-pentane has a higher boiling point than neopentane. The linear form of n-pentane mixes well with other n-pentane molecules, forming well-compacted layers of solids that are more difficult to separate. Viscosity is determined by the strength of the intermolecular forces, especially the shape of the molecules in the liquid.
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