predict the product(s) and provide a fully balanced chemical equation for each of the following hydrogenation reactions:

Answer:

The link reaction links Hint to the Krebs Cycle. It converts pyruvic acid to Acetyl-CoA. Carbon dioxide is released as a waste product, and one Hint is produced.

Explanation:

A carbon atom is taken out of pyruvate during the link reaction, creating carbon dioxide. Pyruvate is converted into acetate along with the removal of hydrogen, which is then taken up by the coenzyme NAD to create reduced NAD.

The conjugate base of pyruvic acid is pyruvate. It serves as a crucial intermediary in a number of biological processes. It is created at the conclusion of glycolysis and serves as a catalyst for a number of metabolic processes, including gluconeogenesis, fermentation, cellular respiration, fatty acid synthesis, etc.

During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen combine to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Animals breathe out most of their carbon dioxide, which is then discharged into the atmosphere. Plants can then use this carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

Acetyl-coenzyme A, the link reaction's final byproduct, then moves into the Krebs Cycle. Through the oxidation of acetyl-coenzyme A, the Krebs Cycle generates energy.

Thus, pyruvate is changed into the two-carbon molecule known as acetate.

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The partial pressure of Xe will be 1.85 atm.

How to find the partial pressure?

The total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures. The total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures.

Subtract the sum of the known partial pressures of the other components from the overall pressure to determine the partial pressure of one component in a mixture.

Given values: P_{He} = 0.250 atm, P_{Ar} = 0.400 atm, P_{total} = 2.50 atm

To Find: P_{Xe} = ?

Solution: Calculate the total pressure, then deduct the sum from the partial pressures of helium and argon.

P_{He} + P_{Ar} = 0.250 atm + 0.400 atm = 0.650 atm

P_{Xe} = P_{total} - (P_{He} + P_{Ar}) = 2.50 atm - 0.650 atm

P_{Xe} = 1.85 atm

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Compounds were being removed when the recovered copper product was washed repeatedly with water is aluminum III and copper II sulphate being removed

Compound is a substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined and when the recovered copper product was washed repeatedly with water and the compound removed during those washes were aluminum III and copper II sulphate and the ethanol is to remove the water clinging to the solid and the ethanol evaporated faster and end up with dry solid faster and dispense with the ethanol wash but wait longer to dry the product and used other solvent such as acetone or heat the product

A steam bath is used instead of a hot plate to dry recovered copper to prevent overheating and overheating can lead to atmosphere oxygen oxidizing the copper and causing impurities

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A 4.0 m solution of kno3 has a volume of 1.8 l. if the solution is diluted to 9.0 l, then the new concentration is  0.8 m

The concentration of solution of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution

Here given data is

C₁ = 4.0 m

V₁ = 1.8 l

C₂ = ?

V₂ = 9.0 l

So the formula is

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

4.0 m×1.8 l = C₂× 9.0 l

C₂ = 7.2/9.0 l

C₂ = 0.8 m

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Answer: H2O

Explanation: Water is made from 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom bonded together.

Answer: H₂O

each molecule of water is made up of two hydrogen atoms, H, and a single oxygen atom,  O.

Answer:

Fossil fuel C

Material resource A

Natural resource B

Hope this helps

Explanation:

Answer:

Fossil fuel-----a nonrenewable resource formed by buried remains of plants and animals

Material resource-----any natural material used by people

Natural resource-----resource used to make objects, food, or drink

Explanation:

Fossil fuels are widely known as a nonrenewable source of energy that can be found by garnering the buried remains of plants and animals deep in the ground.

Material resources are natural resources we extract from the earth that have value and practical use for humans.

Natural resources are resources we extract from nature and use in order to survive. Natural resources are things such as water, food, and trees (aka material for shelter.)

a) The rate of reaction can be measured from the mass of the marble chips that disappear.

b)

i) The rate of reaction would decrease

ii) The rate of reaction would increase

iii) The rate of reaction would decrease

The term rate of reaction has to do with the speed with which reactants are converted into products. We know also that we can be able to define the rate of reaction as the rate at which the products do appear in a reaction. From our two definitions of the rate of reaction, we can see that we could look at the idea of the rate of reaction from two perspectives which are;

1) Change in the amount of recaatnts

2) Change in the amount of products

The both approaches can be measured by the use of different methods that can be used in the study of chemical reactions.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Aliphatic compounds are those hydrocarbons that are the open chain compounds and also closed chains. Aromatic compounds are those who have only a closed chain structure. They can be saturated as well as unsaturated where the system can be open as well as closed chain.

If 17.4 kg of al2o3(s), 51.4 kg of NaOH(l), and 51.4 kg of HF (g) react completely. 89.95 kg of cryolite will be produced.

It is synthesized by fusion of sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride as a electrolyte in the reduction of alumina to aluminum metal

Given data:

mass of Al = 17.4 kg = 17.4 × 10³

mass of NaOH = 51.4kg = 51.4 × 10³

mass of HF = 51.4kg = 51.4 × 10³

Molar mass of Al₂O₃ = 102 g/mol,

Molar mass of NaOH = 40g/mol

Molar mass of HF = 20g/mol

Reaction:

Al₂O₃ + 6 NaOH + 12 HF → 2 Na₂AlF₆ + 9H₂P

Moles of:

Mole/ stoichiometry of:

Al₂O₃ : 0.17 × 10³ / 1 = 0.17 × 10³

NaOH : 0.214 × 10³ / 6 = 0.035 × 10³

HF : 0.214× 10³ /12 = 0.017 × 10³

As the mole/ stoichiometric ratio is smallest for HF, it is the limiting reagent.

Molar mass of cryolite is 210gmol and HF is 20g/mol

12 mol of HF = 2 mol of Na₃AlF₆

240 g of HF = 420 g of Na₃AlF₆

51.4 × 10³g of HF    = (51.4 × 10³ × 420) / 240

                               = 89.95 × 10³ g or 89.95 kg of Na₃AlF₆

Hence, 89.95 kg of cryolite is produced.

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To find the correct number significant digits, learn the concentration and initial rate.

What is concentration?

In chemistry and related fields, the idea of concentration is used frequently. It is a way to gauge how much of one substance is incorporated into another.

What is initial rate?

When a reaction first begins, or when t = 0, its initial rate is the rate that exists at that precise moment. At time zero (t), the slope of the reactant concentration versus the time curve is equal to the initial rate.

Rak=k(H₂) (NH₃) Rak law expression

1. reaction order w.r.t H₂ is ⇒2

2. reaction order w.r.t  NH₃ is⇒ 1.

3. overall order 2+1=3 ( bird order reaction)

4. k(H₂) (NH₃)= 0.740⇒ 1

H₂ is doubled ⇒ r₂=k(H₂) (NH₃)=4k(H₂) (NH₃)⇒2

(2)/(1) = r₂/r₁ = 4k(H₂) (NH₃)/k(H₂) (NH₃)=4

r₂= 4∝ r₁ = 4∝ 0.740=2.96m/s

5. r= 6.0∝ 10^⁴m/s, (H₂)= 0.98m, (NH₃)= 0.31m

r=k(H₂) (NH₃)

k=r/(H₂) (NH₃)= 6.0 ∝ 10^⁴/(0.98)^²(0.31)=201528.93m^⁻²s^⁻¹

K=2.0 ∝ 10^5m^⁻²s^⁻¹

Therefore, the significant digit is K=2.0 ∝ 10^5m^⁻²s^⁻¹

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Answer:

Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in the ocean and reacts with water to form carbonic acid—which in turn generates bicarbonate, carbonate, and hydrogen ions. Calcium and carbonate ions combine to form the solid calcium carbonate crystals in their shells and skeletons.

The VSEPR theory is used to predict the three dimensional structure of molecules.

What is VSEPR theory?

Chemistry uses the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory as a model to forecast how each individual molecule would look based on how many electron pairs will be surrounding its center atom. The two principal creators of the theory, Ronald Gillespie and Ronald Nyholm, gave it the additional moniker Gillespie-Nyholm theory.

Therefore, the VSEPR theory is used to predict the three dimensional structure of molecules.

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Gram of CO₂ and g of H₂O are produced when 64.0g C₂H₂ burn in oxygen is CO₂ is 216 g and H₂O is 44.28 g

Gram is the unit of mass or weight that is used especially in the centimeter gram-second system of measurement

Here reaction is

2C₂H₂ + 5O₂ → 4CO₂ + 2H₂O

So, 1 mole of C₂H₂ = 2(12) + 2(1) = 26 g

1 mole of CO₂ = 12 + 2(16) = 44 g

1 mole of H₂O = 2(1) + 16 = 18 g

So, 64.0 g C₂H₂ × 1 mol/26g = 2.46 mol C₂H₂

2.46 mol C₂H₂ × 4CO₂/2C₂H₂ = 4.92 mole of CO₂

4.92 mole CO₂ × 44 g/mol = 216 g CO₂

64.0g C₂H₂×1 mol/26 g = 2.46 mol C₂H₂

2.46 mol C₂H₂×2H₂O/2 C₂H₂ = 2.46 mol H₂O

2.46 mol H₂O×18 g/mol = 44.28 g H₂O

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When two oxygen atoms bond together in O2, they form a non-polar covalent bond.

What are covalent bonds?

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are mentioned as shared pairs or bonding pairs. once they share electrons, the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms is known as a covalent bond When two oxygen atoms are bonded as O2, they form a non-polar covalent bond. When two non-metal atoms sharing of electrons, a covalent bond is created. The involved electrons are located in the atoms' outer shells. An atom's outer shell will be completed if it shares one or both of its electrons. Covalent bonds require a lot of energy to break because they are so strong.

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According to Coulomb's Law two ions in an ionic chemical bond that forms large electrostatic potential then the two will attract each other

Coulomb law states that bond energy is inversely related to the bond length and so factor which influence bond strength influence its length this can allow us to determine some trends in bind length and ionic compound  are held together by coulombic attraction and there is a negatively charged ion next to a positively charged ion and two will attract each other and when positively charged ion form a bond with negatively charged ion one atom donate electron to the other and this is known as ionic bind and the chemical molecule sodium chloride is an example

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the half-life of the reaction is 50min

Half life of the reaction is actually the time required for the reaction to reach one half of its initial concentration or sometimes pressure too. The half-life of a specific radioactive isotope remains constant and so it is unaffected by conditions and is independent of the initial amount of that isotope.

To calculate the half life of the reaction we use the below given formula;

K = 2.303 × log 100

      94.9             25

K = 0.014

Half life = 0.693    ⇒ 0.693

                   K               0.014

Half life = 49.5 ≈ 50min

Therefore the half-life of the reaction is 50min.

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The concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per 1 l of the solution is called Molarity.

Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the overall volume of an aggregate. several sorts of mathematical descriptions may be outstanding: mass concentration, molar concentration, variety concentration, and extent awareness.

The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of answer.

The Concentration of a solution is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute

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Explanation:

2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 --> Al2 (SO4)3 + 6H2O

From the given SN1 reaction (picture attached), the major organic product will be 3-ethylpentan-3-ol, the nucleophile, substrate, leaving group, and the rate-limiting step is identified in the attachment.

In the given reaction an alkyl halide 3-bromo-3-ethylpentane is used as a substrate. In the first step of the reaction, alkyl halide dissociates and a carbocation with a Bromide ion generates. The first step of the reaction mechanism is the slow and rate-determining step. In the first step, 3-bromo-3-ethylpentane is the substrate and bromide is the leaving group. In the second step, the water molecule acts as a nucleophile and attacks carbocation. In the final step, bromide removes hydrogen from the water molecule, and the product results.

The complete question and reaction mechanism are attached as a picture.

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When polonium-210 emits an alpha particle, the child isotope has an atomic mass of 206.

I-131 undergoes beta-minus decay. The chemical symbol for the new element is ¹³¹₅₄Xe

Fluorine-18 undergoes beta-plus decay. The child isotope has an atomic mass of 18.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic mass number but different masses as a result of the difference in the number of neutrons in the element.

When polonium-210 emits an alpha particle, the equation is given below:

²¹⁰₈₄Po ---> ²⁰⁶₈₂Pb + ⁴₂He

When I-131 undergoes beta-minus decay, the equation is given below:

¹³¹₅₃I ---> ¹³¹₅₄Xe + ⁰₋₁β

When fluorine-18 undergoes beta-plus decay, the equation is given below:

¹⁸₉F ---> ¹⁸₈O + ⁰₁β

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According to the rule of conservation of mass, no atoms are created or destroyed during a chemical process. Instead, the atoms combine in a variety of ways to create goods.

According to the law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation, any system that is closed to all transfers of matter and energy must maintain a constant mass over time since the system's mass cannot vary and neither more nor less amount can be added or subtracted.

The law of conservation of mass, no atoms are created or destroyed during a chemical process. Instead, the atoms combine in a variety of ways to create goods. This is why each element has the same amount of atoms on both sides of an equation with balanced symbols.

Thus, According to the law of conservation of mass, mass is neither generated nor destroyed during a chemical process.

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The relative ability of a bonded atom to attract shared electron pairs is called its electronegativity. This ability increases as the size of the atom decreases because for a smaller atom the shared electrons will be closer to the nucleus.

A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously attracted to two nuclei.

Electronegativity is defined as the ability of an atom within a molecule to attract electrons to itself. The concept of an elemental electronegativity scale was proposed by Pauling.

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Vapor pressure of solution is 23.189mm hg

The mole fraction or the molar fraction is defined as the unit of amount of the substances, divided by the total amount of all the substances that are present in the mixture. The formula for it is given below;

[tex]X_{A}[/tex] = [tex]N_{A}[/tex] ÷ [tex]N_{A}[/tex] + [tex]N_{B}[/tex]  (Where N represents the number of moles of A and B respectively)

Vapor pressure is defined as the pressure that is exerted by a vapor which is in equilibrium with its condensed phase at a given temperature in a closed system.

In the above given question we need to find out the vapor pressure of KCl where vapor pressure of water is given, so we use the following method to solve this question;

[tex]N_{A}[/tex] =    weight of water        = 250  = 13.88

         Molecular mass               18

[tex]N_{B}[/tex] = weight of KCl =    25       = 0.335

       Molecular mass     74.55

So, [tex]X_{A}[/tex] = 13.88          = 0.976           [[tex]P_{o}[/tex] = 23.76]

            13.88 + 0.335

We know that P = [tex]P_{o}[/tex][tex]X_{A}[/tex]

                       P = 23.76 × 0.976 ⇒ 23.189

Therefore the vapor pressure of the solution is 23.189mm

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The high electropositive nature results in a low enthalpy of ionization and a low melting point. So when you add sodium to the water, it reacts violently to produce NaOH and H2.

Since alkali metals like sodium have only one valence electron they tend to donate that electron to nonmetals to achieve stability. They usually react fastest with halogens such as chlorine fluorine iodine and bromine. Because these halogens have seven valence electrons. Sodium is much more active than hydrogen, so it reacts violently with water.

Sodium is more reactive than lithium because it is larger. The outermost electrons are less strongly retained in sodium than in lithium. As a result, sodium loses its outermost electrons more easily than lithium. Therefore, it is more reactive than lithium. Of the options given, the reaction between chlorine and potassium is the most violent. Because, according to the periodic characteristics, the reactivity of potassium and chlorine is very high.

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The volume that is occupied by the given mass of the oxygen gas is 1.1L

We know that the volume has to do with the space that is occupied by a gas. Now we know that from the Avogadro's law, the volume that is occupied by a gas is called the molar volume of the gas and it has a value of 22.4 L.

We now have;

Number of moles of the gas = 1.55 g/32 g/mol

= 0.048 moles

If 1 mole of the gas occupies 22.4 L

0.048 moles of the gas is going to occupy 0.048 moles * 22.4 L/1 mole

= 1.1 L

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Option (b)  233m3 volume of gas would the laboratory try to expand in order to make up for the large pressure difference outside.

Boyle's Law states that the volume of a given mass  of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure at constant temperature. V  is inversely proportional to P. both V and P are constant.

                    V1 P1  = V2 P2

         Where, p1=initial pressure

                      V1= initial volume

                       P2 =final pressure

                       V2= final volume

Here, p1 is 1.1atm  p2 is 0.85 atm  v1 is  180m3 .

Putting these values in the expression  

                        1.1atm * 180m3  =  0.85atm *V2

                       V2=  (1.1atm . 180m3) /0.85atm

                           = 233m3

Hence, 233m3 of gas is needed to expand in order to make up for the large pressure difference outside.

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Aqueous Solution - The expected precipitate would consist of Cu(OH)2.

What is aqueous solution?

An aqueous solution is one in which water serves as the solvent. Chemical equations typically illustrate it by adding (aq) to the appropriate chemical formula. For instance, Na+(aq) + Cl would be used to represent a solution of table salt, as well as sodium chloride (NaCl), throughout water (aq). The word aqueous, which derives from the word aqua, means that it is dissolved in or related to water. Water is a common solvent in chemistry due to its superior solvent properties and natural abundance. Since water is frequently used as a solvent in experiments, unless the solvent is specified, the word "solution" refers to an aqueous solution. A solution wherein the solvent is a liquid but not water is referred to as a non-aqueous solution.

Because:

salt:    copper(II) hydroxide
Ksp:    1.8 × 10-19

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The method for making pure crystals of magnesium chloride from magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid is given below:

According to the reaction, magnesium and weak hydrochloric acid react to create magnesium chloride and release hydrogen gas.

MgCl2 (aq) + H2 from Mg (s) + 2HCl (g)

Following is the process for extracting pure magnesium chloride from the reaction.

First: Reaction

Second step: filtering

To create solid crystals from the filtrate, go to:

Step three, crystallization.

Lastly, Precautions:

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The mass of 4 atoms of c is less than the mass of 3 atoms of element d then the c element has more atoms/gram

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object

Here given data is

4 atom of c

3 atom of d

We have to calculate element has more atoms/gram = ?

So 4 atom of c < 3 atom of d

So the so c has larger molar mass so c ahs the more atom/gram

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In the periodic table, where atomic mass increases from left to right in period, therefore elements in increasing order of atomic mass will be element Y, element Z, element X.

Periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements in the form of a table. In the periodic table, elements are arranged according to the modern periodic law which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.

It is called as periodic because properties repeat after regular intervals of atomic numbers . It is a tabular arrangement consisting of seven horizontal rows called periods and eighteen vertical columns called groups.

Elements present in the same group have same number of valence electrons and hence have similar properties while elements present in the same period show gradual variation in properties due to addition of one electron for each successive element in a period.

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