Biology Middle School

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Write a 3-paragraph report about the chromosome, making sure to include number of genes, number of base pairs, and details about one of the genetic diseases that have genes found there.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Chromosomes are long, coiled-up strands of DNA that are found in the nucleus of cells. They carry genetic information in the form of genes, which are segments of DNA that encode specific traits. The human genome is composed of 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. Each chromosome contains many genes, and the exact number varies from chromosome to chromosome.

One example of a genetic disease that is associated with a specific chromosome is cystic fibrosis, which is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene on chromosome 7. The CFTR gene provides instructions for making a protein that regulates the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. Mutations in this gene lead to a buildup of mucus in the lungs and other organs, causing respiratory and digestive problems.

The CFTR gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 7 and contains over 180,000 base pairs of DNA. Mutations in this gene can be inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that a person must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to develop the disease. Cystic fibrosis affects approximately 30,000 people in the United States and is most common among people of European descent.

Explanation:

Answer 2
Chromosomes are long, coiled structures of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information in the form of genes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes, which are segments of DNA that provide instructions for making proteins.

The number of genes on a chromosome varies depending on its size. For example, chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome and contains approximately 4,000 genes, while chromosome 21 is the smallest and contains approximately 200 genes. The total number of genes in the human genome is estimated to be around 20,000-25,000.

One genetic disease that is caused by a mutation in a gene on chromosome 7 is cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder that affects the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. The gene responsible for cystic fibrosis is called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which is located on the long arm of chromosome 7. The CFTR gene provides instructions for making a protein that regulates the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. In people with cystic fibrosis, the CFTR protein is either missing or not functioning properly, which leads to the buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and other organs. This can cause breathing problems, lung infections, and other complications. There is currently no cure for cystic fibrosis, but treatments are available to manage the symptoms and improve quality of life.

Related Questions

I NEED HELP SO BADLY!!!!

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Chapter 16 Alternate Assessment

Fill these out with definitions of the listed terms and answers to the questions.

16.1 LYMPHATIC PATHWAYS

Trace the lymphatic pathways from lymphatic capillaries to subclavian veins.

Lymphatic Capillaries

Describe several characteristics of lymphatic capillaries.

Which part of the body do not have these capillaries?

Where are lacteals found?

Lymphatic Vessels (LV)

How are lymphatic vessels similar to veins?

Lymphatic Trunks and Collecting Ducts

What is the function of lymphatic ducts?

What parts of the body are drained by the right lymnphatic duct and the thoracic duct?

Where does the lymphatic system drain into the cardiovascular system?

16.2 TISSUE FLUID AND LYMPH

Tissue Fluid Formation

Briefly describe the characteristics of tissue fluid.

What are the four steps of lymph formation?

1)

2)

3)

4)

Lymph Flow

What two external factors influence lymph flow?

Obstruction of lymph movement

What is edema?

Lymph Function

What are the primary functions of lymph?

16.3 LYMPHATIC TISSUES AND LYMPHATIC ORGANS

Lymph Nodes

Briefly describe lymph nodes.

What types of cells are found in germinal centers and medullary cords?

Describe the flow of lymph though the lymph node.

What are the functuions of lymph nodes?

What areas have high concentrations of lymph nodes?

Thymus

Briefly describe the structure of the thymus.

Describe the function of the thymus.

Spleen

Briefly describe the structure of the spleen

What is the composition of white and red pulp respecivly?

Describe the function of the spleen.

16.4 BODY DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION (IMMUNITY)

Briefly describe what causes an infection.

What organisms can portntially act as pathogens?

What are the two catagorries of resistance to pathogens?

INNATE (NONSPECIFIC) DEFENSES

Briefly describe innate defenses.

How do the following contribute to innate defenses.

Species Resistance:

Mechanical barriers:

Inflammation:

Chemical Barriers

Describe the function of the following chemical barriers in immune response.

Enzymes

Acid

Salt

Defensins

Collectins

Complement

Interferons

Phagocytosis:

Briefly describe phagocytosis.

Which cells are the most active in phagocytosis?

Where are phagocytes found most commonly in the body?

Fever

What chemical is responsible for the increase in body temperature seen in fever?

How does a fever potentially make the immune response more effective?

ADAPTIVE (SPECIFIC) DEFENSES OR IMMUNITY

Briefly describe adaptive defenses.

How do antigens function in adaptive defenses.

What is the importance of self vs non-self?

Where do lymphocytes originate?

Where do B cells mature? T cells?

Lymphocyte Function

What is an antigen-presenting cell?

How does it function in the immune system?

What is the MHC and why is it important?

T cells and the Cellular Immune Response (Cell Mediated Immunity):

What are the functions of cytokines in the immune system?

Generally describe the following types of T cells:

Helper T cells:

Memory T cells:

Cytotoxic T cells:

Natural Killer Cells:

B cells and the Humoral Immune Response (Antibody mediated immunity, AMI):

Briefly describe the function of B cells.

How are B cells activated.

Briefly describe the structure of antibodies.

Briefly describe the function of anibodies.

Describe the five major types of immunoglobulins are

IgG

IgA

IgM

IgD

IgE.

Describe the following antibody actions.

Attack antigens directly:

Activate complement:

Stimulate local tissue changes:

Immune Responses (IR): See Fig 16.21, page 638.

Briefly describe a primary immune response.

Briefly describe a seconmday immune response.

Describe the different practical classifications of Immunity

naturally acquired active immunity:

artificially acquired active immunity:

artificially acquired passive immunity:

naturally acquired passive immunity:

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Describe hypersenesitivity reactions.

Describe the types of hypersensitivity reactions.

Type I:

Type II:

Type III:

Type IV :

Transplantation and Tissue Rejection

Describe the following types of grafts.

Isografts:

Autografts:

Allografts:

Xenografts:

What factors can lead to tissue rejection during transplants?

In an automimmuse disorder, what occurs to result in the symptoms that are experienced?

The correct answer is B if you check in the text it Cain of Said

Students view two different cells under a microscope. They record their observations in the table shown.


Part A


Based on the organelles observed, which two help the students determine it is a plant cell?



Part B


The function of these 2 organelles are and


IS MY CLASE OF SCIENCE 8th

Answers

Part A: (P.S There’s 3) Chloroplast, Cell wall, and a large central vacuole
Part B:
Chloroplast - produces energy through photosynthesis.
Cell wall - provides structural support and protection.
Large central vacuole - provides structural support, also serving also functions such as storage, waste disposal, protection, and growth.
Part A
The cell wall and the chloroplast.
Part B
The cell wall is a barrier to the cell and gives it protection.
Chloroplasts produce energy through photosynthesis.
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