What will be the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 80.0 g of NaCl?
The freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 80.0 g of NaCl will be -21.2 °C.
What is aqueous solution?An aqueous solution is a solution that consists of a solvent and solute, where the solvent is water. Water is able to dissolve many different types of molecules and ions, making it an ideal solvent for many applications. Aqueous solutions are ubiquitous in nature and form the basis of many biological processes. In chemistry, aqueous solutions are used as a medium to conduct chemical reactions, as they allow for the solubilization of reactants and products.
This is because NaCl is an electrolyte and increases the freezing point of a solution by lowering the vapor pressure. When NaCl dissolves in water, it separates into individual ions and the ions interact with the water molecules, making it harder for the water molecules to escape into the vapor phase, which in turn increases the boiling point and decreases the freezing point. The freezing point depression of an aqueous solution containing 80.0 g of NaCl can be calculated using the formula ΔTf = Kf·m, where Kf is the molar freezing point constant for water and m is the molality of the solution. The molality of the solution can be calculated by dividing the mass of the solute (NaCl) by its molar mass and then dividing that by the mass of the solvent (water). So, the molality of the solution is 0.522 mol/kg and the freezing point depression is -21.2°C.
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What are homologous structures give two examples and explain how they are homologous?
Homologous structures are the Structures from creatures with a common ancestry. Homologous structures are modified differently to perform various tasks in various organisms.
Give an explanation of homologous structures and a sample.Animals with homologous structures have basic body parts that are structurally identical but serve distinct functions. For instance, the basic elements of a human arm, a bat wing, and a horse's front leg are all identical but have entirely distinct purposes. In reality, it is necessary for homologous structures to share a common ancestor.A homologous structure is defined as .Structures from creatures with a common ancestry are known as homologous structures. The similarity of their anatomical characteristics can be used to support theories about how they evolved.To know more about homologous structures visit:-
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What are scope 3 categories?
Scope 3 emissions, also known as "other indirect emissions," are greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that result from activities that are not under the control or ownership of the reporting organization, but are a part of its value chain.
There are many different categories of scope 3 emissions, and the specific categories that an organization reports on will depend on the nature of its business and the scope of its value chain. Some common categories of scope 3 emissions include:
Purchased goods and services: GHG emissions that result from the production, transportation, and disposal of goods and services that an organization purchases from external suppliers.
Capital goods: GHG emissions that result from the production, transportation, and disposal of capital goods, such as buildings and equipment, that an organization purchases or uses.
Fuel- and energy-related activities: GHG emissions that result from the use of fuel or energy by employees, customers, or other stakeholders while using an organization's products or services.
Business travel: GHG emissions that result from air, rail, and road travel by employees and business partners.
Waste generated in operations: GHG emissions that result from the disposal of waste generated by an organization's operations.
Leased assets: GHG emissions that result from the use of leased assets, such as vehicles or equipment.
Upstream transportation and distribution: GHG emissions that result from the transportation and distribution of an organization's products before they reach the customer.
Downstream transportation and distribution: GHG emissions that result from the transportation and distribution of an organization's products after they have been sold to the customer.
Use of sold products: GHG emissions that result from the use of an organization's products after they have been sold to the customer.
End-of-life treatment of sold products: GHG emissions that result from the disposal or recycling of an organization's products after they have reached the end of their useful life.
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What is the 2 in oxygen called?
Answer:
diatomicExplanation:
Oxygen has two allotropic forms, diatomic (O2) and triatomic (O3, ozone).
Is sodium bicarbonate a covalent or ionic bond?
Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate also known as baking soda is an ionic compound because it contains ions in it.
Ionic bond which is also known as electrovalent bond is a type of linkage that is formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Ionic bonds are the bonds that are formed when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.
Baking soda or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is an ionic compound since it consists of positive and negative ions. Ionic compounds are generally formed when a metal and a nonmetal combine and covalent compounds are usually formed by a combination of nonmetals.
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What is the molarity of 29.0 g of ethanol C2H5OH in 545 ml of solution?
After solving the equation the molarity is 1.15 M.
What is molarity?Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solution that is expressed in terms of the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is an important parameter in chemistry as it is often used to determine the amount of a given substance in a solution. Molarity is denoted by the symbol M, and it is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. For example, if one liter of a solution contains 0.2 moles of solute, then the molarity of the solution is 0.2 M. Molarity is also used to determine the amount of a given substance in a solution by multiplying the molarity by the volume of the solution.
Molarity (M) is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
To calculate the molarity of 29.0 g of C2H5OH in 545 ml of solution, first we must convert the mass of ethanol to moles. Since the molar mass of ethanol (C2H5OH) is 46.07 g/mol, 29.0 g of ethanol corresponds to 0.63 mol.
The next step is to calculate the volume of the solution in liters. Since 1 mL is equal to 0.001 L, 545 mL is equal to 0.545 L.
Now we can calculate the molarity of the solution:
Molarity = (moles of solute) / (liters of solution)
Molarity = 0.63 mol / 0.545 L
Molarity = 1.15 M
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What is the molarity of a solution containing 20 grams?
The resulting molarity of the given solution is 0.5 M.
What is the molarity of a solution that contains 20 grammes?NaOH (mw = 40) is produced by dissolving 20 grammes of the base in 1 litre of water. Find the molarity of this solution. Because molarity counts the number of moles in a litre of a solution, the solution is 0.5 molar.
What factors determine a molarity?The equation for calculating molarity from moles and volume is rather simple. Just multiply the moles of solute by the volume of solution.
Molarity=no:of moles/volume of solution(in l)
=20/40
=0.5
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Barium-122 has a half-life of 2 minutes. Suppose you obtained a sample weighing 10. 0 g and it takes 10 minutes to set up an experiment in which the barium-122 is to be used. How many grams of barium- 122 will remain at the point when you start the experiment?.
The mass of Barium-122 left is 0.313 g. All nuclear reactions are of first order reactions.
A first-order reaction is one in which the rate of reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reactant. For a first order reaction rate constant,
k = ( 2.303 /t )x log ( Mo / M)
Where
Mo = initial mass= 10.0 g
M= Mass left after time t = ?
t = time = 10 min
k= rate constant= 0.693/half life
= 0.693/2 min
= 0.3465 min^-1
Plug the values we get log(Mo/M) = (kt)/2.303
= (0.3465*10)/2.303
= 1.504
Mo/M=10^1.504 = 31.9
M= 10.0g/31.9
= 0.313 g
So, mass of Barium-122 left is 0.313g.
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What is the solubility of NaCl at 20 C?
At 20°C, the solubility of NaCl in water is approximately 36.0 g/100 mL, or 36.0 g/L.
What is solubility?Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid. It is a measure of how much of a substance can be dissolved in a given amount of a liquid. Solubility is affected by temperature, pressure, and the presence of other substances. Different substances have different solubilities; for example, sugar is more soluble in water than salt.
This means that at this temperature, 36.0 g of NaCl will dissolve in every 100 mL of water, or 36.0 g of NaCl will dissolve in every liter of water. The solubility of NaCl is temperature dependent, meaning that the solubility will change as the temperature changes.
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27) The opposite process of freezing is: 27) A) sublimation. B) condensation. C) evaporation. D) boiling. E) none of the above
The opposite process of freezing is-Boiling
Boiling is the quick evaporation of a fluid that occurs when it is heated to the boiling point, which is the temperature when the liquid's vapour pressure equals the i.e. changes on the liquid by the outer air. Freezing is a phase transition that occurs when the heat of a liquid falls below its freezing temperature. According to the internationally accepted definition, freezing refers to the crystallisation phase change of a liquid or even the strimmer of a substance, which is usually caused by cooling. In science, boiling occurs when a liquid turns into a gas, forming bubbles within the liquid volume. Water is the most commonly used boiled liquid in cooking.
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What does Scope 2 emissions mean?
Scope 2 emissions are indirect emissions produced from purchased energy including electricity, steam, heating, and cooling.
A simple shorthand you can use to remember scope 2 is “purchase” because your organization typically buys energy to run its operations.
Scope 2 emissions come from purchased electricity, steam, heating, or cooling. You can normally calculate scope 2 emissions based on the consumption outlined in energy bills.
What we mean when we say steam, heat, and cooling: it must be generated off-site.
Essentially, it’s what you purchase from a utility or other supplier—for instance, district heating and cooling, or steam used in industrial processes.
It should not be confused with heat you generate on-site by using a boiler or furnace or cooling your facility with an electricity-powered AC unit.
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What is the Valency of D?
The valence electron configuration is:
6d^9 7s^1 6d^9 7s^1 . Darmstadtium has 10 valence electrons.
What is Darmstadtium ?Chemically speaking, darmstadtium has the atomic number 110 and the letter Ds. Darmstadtium, a transition metal, is predicted to be a solid at ambient temperature.
It is solely employed at this time for research. No known biological function of darmstadtium exists. a synthetic substance of which just a few atoms have ever been manufactured. It is created in a heavy ion accelerator by joining nickel and lead atoms.
Unknown facts surround the radioactive, synthetic element known as darmstadtium. Since it is a metal, one would anticipate that it would be a solid at ambient temperature. The initial atoms that were created only lasted for 1/100th of a second, but scientists later created heavier, more stable variants.
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Which substances were ionic?
a. oil
b. corn starch
c. sodium chloride
d. sodium bicarbonate
how good were your predictions in the warm-up?
Classify each of the following atomic-scale views. Pure element Pure compound Mixture of an Element and a compound Mixture of Two Elements Mixture of Two compounds
Atomic-scale views and there clasifications:
Pure element: A single element, such as an atom or molecule, that is not combined with any other elements.Pure compound: A combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio, held together by chemical bonds.Mixture of an Element and a compound: A combination of one element and one compound, which are not chemically bonded together.Mixture of Two Elements: A combination of two elements, which are not chemically bonded together.Mixture of Two compounds: A combination of two compounds, which are not chemically bonded together.The Differences between Pure Elements, Pure Compounds, and MixturesThe world of chemistry is filled with an incredible diversity of elements and compounds, each with its own unique properties and characteristics. Understanding the differences between pure elements, pure compounds, and mixtures can help us to better understand these materials, and how they interact with each other. In this essay, we will look at the defining characteristics of each type of substance, and explore their applications in the world of chemistry.
Pure elements are substances composed of only one type of atom. Examples of pure elements include oxygen, hydrogen, and iron. These elements have distinct chemical and physical properties, and because they are not combined with any other elements, they do not form compounds. Pure elements are essential for all life on Earth, as they form the building blocks of all biological molecules. They are also used in a wide variety of industries, from automobile manufacturing to consumer electronics.
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Part A Use the orbital-filling diagram to show the electron configuration of phosphorus, P. Be sure to label the subshells in order of energy, with the lowest-energy subshell at the bottom and the highest-energy subshell at the Drag the appropriate Inbolo to their respective targets. Not all targets will be filled. View Available Hint(a) top Reset Help 10 11 15 28 G1 G1 G1 28 G2 G1 2p 11 11 1s 2s G1 G1 G1 2s G2 G1 2p 3s G2 G1 G1 G1 3p G2 G1 3d G1 G2 45 4p
Use the orbital-filling diagram to show the electron configuration of phosphorus, P is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3.
The electron configuration is the configuration of electrons in atomic or molecular orbitals within an atom, molecule, or other physical structure. For instance, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6, which indicates that there are, respectively, 1, 2, and 6 electrons in each of the 1s, 2s, and 2p subshells. Each electron moves independently within an orbital while being surrounded by an average field created by all other orbitals, according to electronic configurations. Mathematically speaking, configurations are described by Slater determinants or configuration state functions. The Bohr model of the atom is still extensively employed when describing electron configuration, and the phrases shells and subshells are still frequently used, despite advances in our understanding of the quantum mechanical structure of electrons. An electron shell is the set of potential states that an electron could occupy. All of these states have n as their primary quantum number (the number that comes before the letter in the orbital designation).
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When 20 grams of potassium chlorate KCl * O _{ 3 is dissolved in 100 grams of water at 80 degrees * C the solution can be correctly described as?
The solution can be described as a supersaturated solution.
What is potassium chlorate?Potassium chlorate is an inorganic compound composed of potassium, chlorine and oxygen. It is an oxidizing agent and a white crystalline solid at room temperature. It is used as a bleaching agent, in fireworks, matches, explosives, and fertilizers. It is also used to make chloric acid and in the production of paper, dyes, and textiles. Potassium chlorate is highly reactive and can be hazardous if not used properly. It is important to use personal protective equipment when handling it.
This means that the solution contains more of the dissolved compound than it can normally hold at the given temperature. In this case, the water is holding more potassium chlorate than it would normally be able to hold at the given temperature. As the temperature increases, the solubility of a substance increases, allowing more potassium chlorate to be dissolved.
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What are the types of reaction?
Combination reaction is one of the five main categories of chemical reactions. reaction of decomposition. displacing response. Reaction with double displacement. Reaction to precipitation.
Which of the five reactions are they?Combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion are the five fundamental types of chemical reactions. chemical reaction, often known as the conversion of one or more chemicals (sometimes referred to as reactants) into one or more other compounds (the products).
What exactly are endothermic and exothermic reactions?Endothermic reactions are chemical processes in which the reactants absorb heat energy from their surroundings to produce products. The reaction absorbs energy from its surroundings.
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difference between metals and non-metals with the reference to :
A) Number of electrons in outer or valent shell
B) Formation of cation and anion
C) Reaction with dilute action
Answer:
C) Reaction with dilute action
Explanation:
Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat.
Non-metals are insulators that don't allow heat and electricity to pass through them. Hence, non-metals are bad conductors of electricity and heat.
What is the concentration of a solution that has 15 grams of a solute and 5 liters of water?
The concentration of a solution that has 15 grams of a solute and 5 liters of water is 3 g/L (grams per liter).
What is concentration?Concentration is the ability to focus one's attention on a task or activity, blocking out distractions and remaining focused on the task at hand. It is a skill that helps us to stay focused and avoid being easily sidetracked. Concentration is often thought of as being a key factor in academic success, as well as having an important role in the workplace. It can also be beneficial in everyday life, helping us to stay organized and on top of our commitments and responsibilities.
Concentration is a skill that can be developed and improved with practice. Strategies such as setting specific goals, breaking down complex tasks into smaller steps, and taking regular breaks can help to improve concentration. Additionally, reducing distractions such as background noise, social media, and other forms of entertainment can help to create an environment that is more conducive to concentration. Finally, making sure to get enough rest and exercise can also help to improve concentration.
It is calculated by dividing the mass of the solute (15 grams) by the volume of the solution (5 liters). To put it another way, the concentration of the solution is 3 grams of solute for every liter of water. This type of concentration is commonly expressed as either g/L or mg/L (milligrams per liter).
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Identify the type of energy this object possesses. A girl roller-skating Kinetic energy Potential energy
A girl roller-skating has kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. It is the energy possessed by an object due to its movement. In this case, the girl roller-skating has kinetic energy because she is moving.
Potential energy is the energy an object possesses due to its position or configuration. It is the energy an object has stored within it, ready to be released. An object at rest has potential energy because it has the potential to be set in motion and does work.
So, in this case, the girl roller-skating has kinetic energy because she is moving, and not potential energy because she is not at rest.
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A
*
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The pH scale runs from 0 to 14 and is an indication of how acidic or base a solution is A pH close to
zero indicates ant).
solution, and a pH near 14 indicates a(n).
solution
A
B
basic acide
neutral basic
D acidie: neutral
Next
A pH close to 0 (zero) indicates an acidic solution, and a pH value near 14 indicates a basic solution.
What is pH?pH value of a solution can be described as the negative logarithm of hydrogen (H⁺) ions concentration. Mathematically, pH can be defined as inversely proportional to the concentration of hydrogen ions.
pH = -log ( [H⁺])
In chemistry, the pH scale is generally used to indicate the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions are determined to have lower pH than basic solutions.
The pH scale runs ranges from 0 to 14 while the pH value of 7.0 is neutral. A low pH value (about 1 or 2) is generally acidic and a high pH (12 or 14) is generally basic.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question was,
The pH scale runs from 0 to 14 and is an indication of how acidic or basic a solution is. A pH close to zero indicates a(n) _______ solution, and a pH near 14 indicates a(n) _______ solution.
in the synthesis of prussian blue paint, which compound was mixed with the pigment? calcium calcium carbonate oxygen nitric acid
In order to make Prussian blue paint, a variety of compounds must be mixed together. The pigment itself is made up of iron and potassium ferrocyanide. To this, calcium carbonate, oxygen, and nitric acid are added.
Calcium carbonate is a mineral that is commonly found in limestone and marble. It is also used in a variety of other products such as antacids and toothpaste. In the synthesis of Prussian blue paint, calcium carbonate is used to neutralize the nitric acid. This helps to create the desired color and also prevents the paint from being too acidic.
Oxygen is also added to the mix. Oxygen helps to accelerate the reaction between the iron and potassium ferrocyanide in order to create the desired color. It also helps to make the paint more durable and resistant to fading.
Finally, nitric acid is added to the pigment. Nitric acid helps to create the intense blue color of Prussian blue paint. It also helps to make the paint more resistant to light and water.
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Why does freezing point decrease when pressure increases?
When the pressure of a liquid is increased, so is the number of molecules that can fit into a given space.
What is freezing point?Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid. The freezing point of a substance is the temperature at which its molecules stop moving and form into a solid crystal. Generally, the freezing point of a liquid is lower than its boiling point. For example, water freezes at 32°F (0°C) and boils at 212°F (100°C).
This compression of molecules increases the interactions between them and weakens the intermolecular bonds that hold them together. This weakening of the bonds reduces the amount of energy needed to separate the molecules, causing the freezing point to decrease. In other words, when the pressure of a liquid increases, the molecules are more tightly packed and the freezing point decreases.
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which of the following couples are buffer systems? (a) kf/hf(b) kbr/hbr(c) na2co3/nahco3
Example of a buffer is KF/HF and Na₂CO₃/NaHCO₃. The buffer is a combination of weak and strong entities of any salt present in the liquid solution.
A weak acid, KF, has the conjugate base F-. HCO₃⁻ is the conjugate acid of the weak base CO3²⁻. A weak acid and the conjugate base of the weak acid, or a weak base and the conjugate acid of the weak base, are combined to form the buffer solution, a water-based solvent solution. They withstand being diluted or having modest amounts of acid or alkali added to them without changing their pH. When a tiny amount of a strong acid or strong base is added, the pH of buffer solutions barely changes. They are therefore employed to maintain a consistent pH level.
Hence, buffer is works in range of pH and concentrations.
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What does Apollo offend Cupid do?
Apollo boasted to Cupid about how much larger his bow was. Apollo was offended, and Cupid hit him with a golden love arrow in retaliation, leading him to fall in love with the first person he saw.
Who was punished by Apollo for having a human lover?
Daphne, in her effort to escape him, was changed into a laurel, his sacred tree; Coronis was shot by Apollo's twin, Artemis, when she proved unfaithful; and Cassandra rejected his advances and was punished by being made to utter true prophecies that no one believed.5 days ago
What enraged Eros against Apollo?Apollo unexpectedly advised Eros to leave warlike weapons to powerful gods like him and stick to magic instead after defeating Python, a terrible earth-dragon that lived near Delphi.
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Classify each of the following organic reactions. Substitution Elimination Addition Reaction Type of Reaction CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 + Cl, CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 + HCI CI CH3-CH=CH-CH; + Cl, → CH3-CH-CH-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH=CH2 + HCI CI
The first reaction is addition reaction, second reaction is substitution reaction, and third reaction is elimination reaction.
In organic chemistry, addition reaction refers to an organic reaction in which two or more molecules combine to generate a bigger one (the adduct). An addition reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a product without the loss of any atoms present in the reactants. A substitution reaction refers to a chemical reaction during which one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another functional group. It is chemical reactions in which an atom, ion, or group of atoms or ions in a molecule is replaced by another atom, ion, or group. An elimination reaction refers to is a type of chemical reaction where several atoms either in pairs or groups are removed from a molecule. The removal usually takes place due to the action of acids and bases or the action of metals.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question is attached.
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list the ions that exist in each of these solutions HCl, NaOH, CuSO4
H+ and Cl
Na+ and OH
Cu+ and SO4
What is the freezing point of a solution that contains 10.0 g of glucose c6h12o6 in 100 g of h2o?
The freezing point of a solution containing 10.0 g of glucose C6H12O6 in 100 g of H2O is -0.53°C.
What is freezing point?Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid. It is the temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. The freezing point of pure water is 0°C (32°F), while most other liquids have different freezing points. Some liquids, such as ethanol, have a lower freezing point than water, while others, such as propylene glycol, have a higher freezing point.
This is because the freezing point depression of a solution is dependent on the amount of solute present within a given amount of water. Glucose, being a solute, causes the freezing point of the solution to decrease.
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Silver has two isotopes, one with 60 neutrons and the other with 62 neutrons. The natural abundance of these are 51.83% and 48.17% respectively. Give the chemical notation for each of these isotopes and calculate the average atomic mass for silver.
The average atomic mass of silver is approximately 108.3324. The mass of an atom is defined as its atomic mass.
How to calculate atomic mass ?The two isotopes of silver are Ag-107 (60 neutrons) and Ag-109 (62 neutrons).
To calculate the average atomic mass of silver, we need to multiply the mass of each isotope by its natural abundance, then add these values together.
Ag-107 has a mass of 107
Natural abundance of 51.83%,
so its contribution to the average atomic mass of silver is 107 * 0.5183 = 55.8391
Ag-109 has a mass of 109 and a natural abundance of 48.17%,
so its contribution to the average atomic mass of silver is 109 * 0.4817 = 52.4933
The average atomic mass of silver is the sum of these two values,
which is 55.8391 + 52.4933 = 108.3324.
So, the average atomic mass of silver is approximately 108.3324.
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what is the radius of the hydrogen-atom bohr orbit shown in the figure? (figure 1)
Therefore, the initial Bohr orbit's radius is r=0.53(1)22=0.265 A. The mean radius of an electron's orbit around the nucleus of a hydrogen atom in its ground state.
This radius' value, a, is determined by a physical constant that is roughly equivalent to 5.29177 x 10 -11 metres (m). Logic and Approach: Z is the first atomic number, or atom. Therefore, rn = 0.529n2 is the radius of the nth orbit. The Bohr orbit's(a0), a physical constant, is roughly equivalent to the distance between the nucleus and electron hydrogen in the ground state of a hydrogen atom. Due of its significance in the Bohr model of an atom, it bears Niels Bohr's name. 5.29177210903(80)1011 m is its value.
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