According to the given statement Hb is removed because it is anti-periplanar to the leaving group.
What is stereochemistry and examples?Stereochemistry is the scientific study of a substance's three-dimensional structure. The location of the material's electrons in three dimensions is the only structural distinction between the stereoisomers cross & trans analogues, which are kinds. There may be differences in the chemical and physical properties of these stereoisomers.
What makes stereochemistry so special?The word "stereochemistry," which relates to physics in three dimensions, comes from the Greek word "stereos," which means solid. Stereochemistry cannot be regarded as a field of chemistry because almost all organic molecules are three-dimensional (with the possible exception of some olefins and aromatics, which will be covered later).
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please draw a complete arrow pushing mechanism for a generic electrophilic aromatic substitution. you can use e for the electrophile that adds.
During resonance, the molecule's electrons remain stationary. A probability cloud of electrons is what we can make out. Chlorination, bromination, nitration, and sulfonation are the six primary electrophilic aromatic substitution processes.
What is aromatic substitution?
They were provided the arrow-pushing mechanism for the following general electrophilic aromatic substitution process, which involved benzene and Turk. When benzene and bromine combine in an abrasive environment, liquid bromine, no solvent, and the Lewis acid FeBr3 act as catalysts. An atom that is connected to an aromatic ring is replaced with an electrophile in electrophilic aromatic substitution processes. a comprehensive arrow pushing mechanism for an electrophilic substitution of any kind of aromatic molecule.
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How to do this question?
A chemical bond is a permanent attraction between atoms or ions that allows the formation of molecules and crystals. Bonding can result from electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions, as in ionic bonding, or through sharing of electrons, as in covalent bonding.
Both NH₃ and NH₄⁺ ions have SP³ hybridization. However, NH₃ has one lone pair and three bond pairs. Due to the strong repulsive forces between the lone electron pair and the bonding electron pair, the geometric structure of NH₃ is Distorted and pyramidal despite sp³ hybridization. The NH₄⁺ ion has four bonding pairs. The repulsion between bonding pairs is small compared to the repulsion between bonding pairs and lone pairs. So the geometry is a tetrahedron.In HCN, carbon is attached to nitrogen with a triple covalent bond consisting of one sigma bond and two pi bonds. A sigma bond is formed by overlapping hybridized orbitals, and the remaining two unhybridized orbitals overlap to form two pi bonds.1-Propanol is a member of the alcohol family, meaning it has a hydroxyl (-OH) group at the end of the chain. The oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group forms a hydrogen bond with water, making it soluble in water.The conduction band is the band of electron orbitals to which electrons can jump when excited from the valence band. Electrons have enough energy to move freely in matter in these orbitals, this movement of electrons produces an electric current.To know more about chemical bonds, visit:
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Complete the reactions below for the extraction of elemental potassium and rubidium. + KCl(l) reversiblearrow + K(g) Ca(s) + 2 reversiblearrow 2 +CaCl_2(s) Select the type of reaction that is represented above. O Addition O Double displacement O Reduction O Decomposition
The correct answer is:
b. double displacement
The complete equation for extraction of elemental potassium is
2KCl (l)+ Ca (s) -> 2K (g) + CaCl2 (s)
In a double displacement reaction, ions of two compounds exchange partners to form two new compounds. Potassium ions in potassium chloride exchange with calcium ions in calcium chloride to form potassium and calcium chloride.
The equation for the double shift reaction above can be written as
KCl(l) + Ca(s) --- -> K(g) + CaCl2(s)
To balance the equation, add 2 as coefficient of KCl (l) to balance the chloride atoms.
now potassium is unbalanced so we add a coefficient of 2 on the K(g) to balance potassium atoms.
The final equation is:
2KCl(l) + Ca(s) -----> 2K(g) + CaCl2(s)
This equation shows that when potassium chloride (KCl) and calcium (Ca) combine, they react to produce potassium gas (K) and calcium chloride (CaCl2).
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The relationship between level of economic development and environmental pollution is such that industrial emissions are_____
The relationship between level of economic development and environmental pollution is such that industrial emissions are directly proportional to the level of economic development.
So, as economic development increases, so does the level of industrial emissions and pollution. This is because economic development leads to more factories, transportation and energy production, all of which contribute to environmental pollution.
What are the factors that influence the level of economic development and environmental pollution?Population size: A larger population can increase economic development, but it can also lead to more environmental pollution.Technology: Advanced technology can increase economic development but can also lead to more emissions of pollutants.Government policies: Government policies can influence the level of economic development and environmental pollution. For example, policies that focus on promoting renewable energy sources and reducing emissions can help reduce pollution.Economic structure: The type and level of economic development in a country can influence the level of pollution. For example, industrialized countries usually produce more pollution than countries with a more agrarian economy.Natural resources: For example, countries that have access to abundant natural resources can use them to produce more goods and services, which can lead to more economic development and pollution.Learn more about level of economic development and environmental:
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Match each microscope with the appropriate description.
transmission electron microscope
scanning electron microscope
compound light microscope
scanning tunneling microscope
has a magnification of 400 to 1,000 times
has a magnification of 100,000 times or
produces a three-dimensional image
maps atoms on the surface of an object
Compound light microscope has a magnification of 400 to 1,000 times
Transmission electron microscope produces a three-dimensional image
Scanning electron microscope has a magnification of 100,000 times
Scanning tunneling microscope maps atoms on the surface of an object
What are microscopes?A microscope can be described as a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the na-ked eye.
The importance of microscopes can not be over-emphasized as they have opened up a whole new dimension in the science world. With the use of microscopes, scientists were able to discover the
existence of microorganisms, study the structure of cells, and see the smallest parts of plants, animals, and fungi.Compound light microscopes typically provide magnification in the range of 40-1000 times, and are used to view small samples that can not be identified with the nak-ed eye.
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Density is a common physical property of substances that can give insight into the structure of the substance on the atom or molecular level. You are a geologist and have discovered a mineral sample that needed identifying. The first method of choice is the density of the sample. You want to find the volume by water displacement, so you lower the sample into a graduated cylinder with an initial volume of water of 26.90 mL. The volume of water rises to 43.70 mL. You also mass the sample and determine it to be 25.10 g. From this information determine the density of the mineral sample. Use the correct number of significant figures in your answer and include units. Your Answer: Answer units
The density of the mineral sample using correct number of significant figures is 1.494g/mL
Density is the mass of matter per unit volume. Density is a standard mechanical quantity. The most common symbol for density is ρ, but the Latin letter D can also be used.
Formula
ρ =[tex]{\frac {m}{V}}[/tex]
ρ = density
m = mass
V = volume
Mass of the sample = 25.10 g
Volume of the sample = volume of water displaced by the sample
= (43.70 - 26.90) mL
= 16.80 mL
Density = mass / volume
= 25.10 g / 16.80 mL
= 1.045 g/mL
Hence, the density of the mineral sample = 1.494 g/mL
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How does wavelength change as frequency increases? Wavelength increases as frequency increases. Wavelength decreases as frequency increases. Wavelength is unaffected as frequency increases. Wavelength increases or decreases depending on how quickly frequency increases.
Among electromagnetic waves, UV rays are most dangerous because exposure to these radiation cause serious problems in living organism. Therefore, Wavelength decreases as frequency increases.
What is electromagnetic wave?Electromagnetic wave is a wave which contain two component one is electric component and other is magnetic component. The electric and magnetic component are perpendicular to each other. There are so many wave that comes under electromagnetic wave like infrared wave , radio wave.
There is a relation between energy of wave. frequency of wave, and wavelength of wave
Mathematically,
E=hc/λ
where,
E = energy of electromagnetic wave
h is planks constant having value 6.67×10⁻³⁴js
c is speed of light that is 3×10⁸m/s
λ is the wavelength of electromagnetic wave
c/λ = ν= frequency of electromagnetic wave
From above formula we can see frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength.
Therefore, Wavelength decreases as frequency increases.
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Experiment by hanging your first object (object 1) on the hook. Hold on to the cardboard, and position the cardboard and string so the object dangles just off the edge of the table. Then let go of the cardboard. If it moves, stop it when it reaches the edge of the table. Repeat the steps by replacing object 1 with object 2 on the hook. Finally, hang object 1 and object 2 together on the hook and repeat the steps. What do you observe when you hang different objects from the hook? What happens when two or more objects are on the hook together?
Answer:
makes now sense
Explanation:
For the chemical reaction H₂ (g) + F₂ (g) → 2 HF (g) ∆H° = -79.2 kJ/mol. What is the molar enthalpy (in kJ/mol) for the reaction 3 H₂ (g) + 3 F₂ (g) → 6 HF (g)
Answer: -237.6
Explanation:
Multiplying both sides of the equation by 3 means you multiply the molar enthalpy by 3.
Can anyone help me with this :(
Does this mutation affect the protein produced? Explain
What process creates mRNA?
Answer:
Sometimes, gene variants (also known as mutations) prevent one or more proteins from working properly. By changing a gene's instructions for making a protein, a variant can cause a protein to malfunction or to not be produced at all./:mRNA is created during transcription. During the transcription process, a single strand of DNA is decoded by RNA polymerase, and mRNA is synthesized. Physically, mRNA is a strand of nucleotides known as ribonucleic acid, and is single-stranded.
Suppose you have 557 mL of 0.0300 mol L-1 HCl, and you want to make up a solution of HCl that has a pH of 1.831. What is the maximum volume (in liters) that you can make from this solution?
The new HCl solution's necessary concentration must be determined: The new HCl solution's necessary concentration must be determined:-log[HCl]=1.831 at pH=1.831, resulting in: [HCl]=10^(-1.831) M=0.01476M
This calls for the following: V x 0.01476M = 0.557litre x 0.0300M; V=[(0.557 x 0.0300)/0.01476] litres; V=1.132 litres; thus, the highest volume of 0.01476M HCl that can be generated from 557ml of 0.0300M HCl is 1.132 litres.
How can you determine how much HCl is in a solution?The dosage of HCL is determined by the base excess, with an equivalent dosage being given.
How can 1000 ml of 0.1 N HCl be made?To make 1000 ml of 0.1 N HCL, dilution of 8.50 ml of HCL with distilled water is required.
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If the replacement of a Blank in the DNA sequence results in Blank with a codon that codes for Blank amino acid, then the order of the amino acids is affected.
If the replacement of a base in the DNA sequence results in mRNA with a codon that codes for a different amino acid, then the order of the amino acids is affected.
What is DNA?DNA is an abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid and it can be defined as a group of molecules that are found within cells and they are saddled with the responsibility of storing genetic information in all living organisms.
What is translation?In Genetics, translation can be defined as a cellular process through which a genetic code from a sequence of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) molecule is decoded or translated to a specific sequence of amino acids, during the synthesis of protein.
Additionally, a codon simply refers to a sequence of three (3) consecutive nucleotides that act as a genetic unit of life and it is used as a template for the amino acid synthesis which is generally required for protein expression in living organisms.
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A woman with severe preeclampsia is being treated with an iv infusion of magnesium sulfate. this treatment is considered successful if _____.
In order to keep preeclampsia patients from having seizures, magnesium sulfate treatment is employed. Additionally, it can assist extend pregnancy by up to two days.
When given to a patient with preeclampsia, what is the main effect of magnesium sulfate?Additionally, it is used as a preventative measure for all patients with severe preeclampsia. It is believed that magnesium sulfate works by causing cerebral vasodilation, which lessens the ischemia brought on by cerebral vasospasm during an eclamptic event.
How is eclampsia treated with magnesium sulphate?Magnesium sulfate can reduce peripheral vascular resistance or relieve vasoconstriction by acting as a vasodilator, with effects in the cerebrovasculature or peripheral vasculature.
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In the following reaction, 8.24 mol of P4 mix with 24.2 mol of O₂.
P4 (s) + 5 O2 (g) → 2 P₂O5 (s)
a. Find the limiting reagent. Explain.
b. How many moles of P2O5 (s) will be produced?
C. How many grams of P₂O5 (s) will be produced?
The limiting reagent is O₂ because there is only 24.2 mol of O₂ available for the reaction, and 8.24 mol of P4 is needed to react with all of the O₂.
What is reaction?Reaction is a response to a stimulus or event. It is an action or behavior that is often automatic and instinctive. Reactions can be emotional, biological, chemical, or physical. Examples of reactions include fear, laughing, crying, or sweating. Reactions can also be mental, such as forming an opinion or making a decision. Depending on the context, a reaction can be positive or negative. A reaction can be short lived, or it can cause a longer lasting impact. Understanding reactions is important for many fields, such as psychology, sociology, and medicine.
a. The limiting reagent is O₂ because there is only 24.2 mol of O₂ available for the reaction, and 8.24 mol of P4 is needed to react with all of the O₂.
b. 12.1 mol of P2O5 (s) will be produced.
c. The number of grams of P₂Oᴸ (s) produced can be calculated using the molar mass of P₂Oᴸ (s). 12.1 mol of P2O5 (s) has a mass of 283.9 g.
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(8 marks)
2. Calculate the pH of a buffer prepared by mixing HA with NaA. The buffer contains HA at a
concentration of 0.25 mol L-¹ After 0.20g NaOH is added to 100mL of this buffer, the pH of the
resulting solution is 5.60. The acid-ionization constant of HA is 5.0x106.
(10 marks)
Answer: To calculate the pH of the buffer, we need to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
where pKa is the acid-ionization constant of HA, [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base (A-) in the solution, and [HA] is the concentration of HA.
First, let's calculate the concentration of A- in the solution after 0.20 g of NaOH is added. The molecular weight of NaOH is 40 g/mol, so the number of moles of NaOH added is 0.20 g / 40 g/mol = 5.0 x 10^-3 mol. The conjugate base of HA is A-, so the number of moles of A- produced is equal to the number of moles of NaOH added. The concentration of A- in the solution is the number of moles of A- divided by the volume of the solution, which is 100 mL = 0.1 L. Therefore, the concentration of A- in the solution is 5.0 x 10^-3 mol / 0.1 L = 5.0 x 10^-2 mol/L.
Next, let's plug these values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = 5.0 x 10^6 + log(5.0 x 10^-2 mol/L / 0.25 mol/L)
pH = 5.6
This is the same as the pH of the resulting solution, so our calculation is correct.
Which of the following describes the hardness of a mineral that measures 9 on the hardness scale
The hardness of a mineral that measures 9 on the hardness scale can only be scratched using special equipment.
what are minerals?Minerals are naturally occurring solid materials that can be created from the combination of one or more elements (chemical compounds).
What is hardness in properties of minerals?One of the most helpful characteristics for classifying minerals is their hardness, or capacity to withstand being scraped. The ability of one mineral to scrape another mineral determines how hard something is. it is clear to note that by scratching a mineral against another substance with a known hardness on the Mohs Hardness Scale, one can determine a mineral's relative resistance to scratching.
what is mohs scale hardness of a mineral?The Mohs Hardness Scale is a practical tool for identifying minerals. When a mineral is scratched against another material with a known hardness on the Mohs Hardness Scale, its relative resistance to scratching is determined.
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Complete question
Which of the following describes the hardness of a mineral that measures 9 on the hardness scale?
(a) It rubs off your finger.
(b) It can be scratched with a nail.
(c) It can be scratched easily with a penny.
(d) It can only be scratched using special equipment.
Is electric current responsible for creating magnetic fields?
Hello,
I hope you and your family are doing well!
Yes, electric current is responsible for creating magnetic fields.
Explanation:
According to the principles of electromagnetism, a moving electric charge creates a magnetic field around it. The magnitude of the magnetic field is directly proportional to the strength of the electric current and the distance from the current. This is why electric current flowing through a wire creates a magnetic field around the wire. The direction of the magnetic field is determined by the direction of the electric current and the right-hand rule.
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Consider the following reaction: 4 NH3(g) + 5 O₂(g) — 6 H₂O(g) + 4 NO(g) Calculate AG at 547 K for a mixture of 2.3 bar NH3(g), 3.0 bar O₂(g), 4.9 bar H₂O(g), and 3.6 bar NO(g). State whether or not the reaction is spontaneous at these conditions. **AG° values can be found in textbook appendix** O-929 kJ/mol; spontaneous -929 kJ/mol; nonspontaneous O 929 kJ/mol; spontaneous 929 kJ/mol; nonspontaneous
To calculate the AG for the reaction at 547 K for a mixture of 2.3 bar NH3(g), 3.0 bar O₂(g), 4.9 bar H₂O(g), and 3.6 bar NO(g), you can use the following equation:
AG = ∑nG°(products) - ∑nG°(reactants)
where ∑n is the sum of the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products, and G° is the standard Gibbs free energy of the species.
The standard Gibbs free energy of a species can be calculated using the following equation:
G° = G°(298 K) + RTln[P/P°]
where G°(298 K) is the standard Gibbs free energy of the species at 298 K, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol*K), T is the temperature in kelvins, P is the pressure of the species, and P° is the standard pressure (1 bar).
Plugging in the values, we get:
AG = (6 H₂O + 4 NO - 4 NH₃ - 5 O₂)
= (6 H₂O - 4 NH₃ - 5 O₂ + 4 NO)
= (6 H₂O - 4 NH₃ + 4 NO - 5 O₂)
= (6 H₂O + 4 NO - 4 NH₃ - 5 O₂)
= 6 G°(H₂O) + 4 G°(NO) - 4 G°(NH₃) - 5 G°(O₂)
= 6(-242.2 kJ/mol) + 4(-90.3 kJ/mol) - 4(-45.9 kJ/mol) - 5(-497.1 kJ/mol)
= (-1453.2 kJ/mol)
Therefore, AG for the reaction at 547 K for a mixture of 2.3 bar NH3(g), 3.0 bar O₂(g), 4.9 bar H₂O(g), and 3.6 bar NO(g) is -1453.2 kJ/mol.
Since AG is negative, the reaction
Aldol condensation and subsequent dehydration of the aldol adduct will provide the desired aldehyde intermediate.
Aldol reaction followed by dehydration to produce enone are the two main phases that make up the entire process.
The mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene involves two stages. Aldol condensation produces a substance known as -hydroxy aldehyde or -hydroxy ketone. A conjugated enone is created when an enolate ion interacts with another carbonyl molecule in aldol condensation. The procedure consists of two steps: an aldol reaction that yields an aldol product and a dehydration reaction that produces the finished product by removing water from the mixture. The aldol condensation reaction occurs with aldehydes that include alpha hydrogen atoms. Since benzaldehyde lacks an alpha hydrogen, aldol condensation cannot occur. There is at least one alpha hydrogen in each and every alternative.
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The dilution equation, rearranged to solve for 1 is 1=221 where 1 and 1 are the initial concentration and volume, respectively, and 2 and 2 represent the final concentration and volume, respectively. A student needs to prepare 50.0 mL of 1.20 M aqueous H2O2 solution from a 4.60 M H2O2 stock solution. Identify the values of 2, 2, and 1 in this situation.
M₁ = 1.20 M
M₂ = 4.60 M
V₂ = 50.0 ml
Volume of 50.0 ml H₂O₂ stock solution required 191.7 ml.
What is dilution equation?Using a stock solution and the following formula, one may create a given quantity of a diluted solution: M₁V₁ = M₂V₂, where V₁ is the volume of stock solution required to create the new solution. M₁ = Stock solution concentration. V₂ denotes the final volume of the new solution.
Given that,
A student needs to prepare 50.0 ml of 1.20 M aqueous H₂O₂ solution from a 4.60 M H₂O₂ stock solution.
As we know,
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
M₁ = 1.20 M
M₂ = 4.60 M
V₂ = 50.0 ml
Now, V₁ = M₂V₂ / M₁
V₁ = (4.60 M × 50.0 ml ) / 1.20 M
V₁ = 191.7 ml
So, volume of 50.0 ml H₂O₂ stock solution required 191.7 ml.
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What is the entropy when a system goes from 4 microstates to 5 microstates? Group of answer choices 3.08 x 10-24 -3.08 x 10-24 0.223 0
A count of all potential microscopic states (microstates) that could exist for a system in thermodynamic equilibrium and be consistent with its macroscopic thermodynamic parameters, which make up the system's macrostate.
What is entropy S used to measure?A system's thermal energy per unit of temperature that cannot be used for productive work is measured by entropy. The amount of entropy is a measurement of the molecular disorder of a system since work is produced by ordered molecular motion.
In terms of microstates, what does entropy mean?Entropy was first described by Ludwig Boltzmann as the count of alternative microscopic states (microstates) of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium that are consistent with its macroscopic thermodynamic parameters, which make up the system's macrostate.
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Balance the equation below to show the relationship between gehlenite (Ca Alysio,) and its component metal and semimetal oxides. 1st attempt See Periodic Table Seeh Balance the equation by adding the appropriate coefficients I CAO ) A10, sio, ChAlso,
To make sure that all of the atoms in the following equation are balanced, we must multiply CaO by a coefficient of 2.
2CaO+Al2O3+SiO2---->Ca2Al2Si O7
What are a few illustrations of oxides?atomic oxygen: One example of a neutral oxide is water. There is no acid or base in water. Carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide are more instances of neutral oxides. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, sulfur trioxide, chlorine oxides, etc. are some examples of acidic oxides.
Gold is it an oxide?Because gold is the least metalloid, it is not found naturally as an oxide. It does not interact with atmospheric oxygen in any way, hence it cannot be called an oxide.
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In this experiment, you will prepare a standard solution for a calibration curve for the formation of FeSCN2 complex by reaction different volumes of 0.002M Fe(NO,), and 0.002 M NaSCN. You will use 0.1M HNO, for all dilutions. Using the table, Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of FeSCN2+ Vol of Fe Vol of SCN 0.1 M HNO3 (mL) Equilibrium (mL) 10.00 10.00 concentration Fe[SCN] (mL) 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 6.00 5.00 10.00 Experiment 12 Le Chatelier's Principle: Chemical Equilibrium and Determination of Equilibrium Constant: Pre-Lab
It is possible to calculate the equilibrium constant and shift in equilibrium position of a chemical process under stress.
What is the guiding philosophy of Le Chatelier, and why is it significant?The position of the equilibrium in a chemical reaction can be predicted with the aid of Le Chatelier's Principle in response to changes in temperature, concentration, or pressure. This is crucial, especially for industrial applications where it's crucial to predict and maximize yields.
Where can the Le Chatelier principle be used?An illustration of how Le Chatelier's concept can be used to forecast how concentrations will change in response to various perturbations Examples include altering the size of the reaction vessel, altering the quantity of solid product, using inert gas, and including a catalyst.
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Your lab has a 50 X TAE stock solution. You are asked to prepare 30.0 mL of a 1X working solution. How many milliliters of the 50 X stock solution do you need to mix with deionized water to make 30.0 mL of a 1X solution?
What volume of water is needed?
amount of TAE stock solution?
0.6 ml volume of water is needed to make the stock solution.
What is stock solution?A stock solution is made by weighing out the right amount of a pure solid or measuring out the right amount of a pure liquid, adding it to an appropriate flask, and diluting it to a specified volume. The precise method of measuring the reagent is determined by the intended concentration unit.
Given that,
In lab 50 X TAE stock solution is present.
Thus, C₁ = 50 X
prepare 30.0 mL of a 1X working solution.
So, C₂ = 1 X
V₂ = 30.0 ml.
As we know,
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
(50 X) × V₁ = (1 X) × (30.0 ml)
V₁ = [(1 X) × (30.0 ml)] / 50 X
V₁ = 0.6 ml.
Thus, 0.6 ml volume of water is needed.
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Compare and contrast substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylationSubstrate level phosphorylation is a direct type of phosphorylation in which a phosphate group is directly transferred to an ADP molecule. Oxidative phosphorylation is an indirect method of phosphorylation in which the energy liberated in the electron transport chain is used in generating ATP.
The Krebs cycle and glycolysis both involve substrate level phosphorylation. Inside the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation takes place.
What is the basic principle of oxidative phosphorylation?Electrons from NADH and FADH2 mix with O2 during oxidative phosphorylation, and the energy generated from these oxidation/reduction events is utilized to power the production of ATP from ADP. Known also as electron transport-linked phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation
In how many oxidative phosphorylations does ATP get produced?The Kreb's cycle produces 24-28 ATP molecules from one sugar molecule that has already been converted into pyruvate. Two theoretical approaches are utilized to investigate oxidative phosphorylation: metabolic lead to the current and irregular thermodynamics.
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There are three basic rules of electric charge. Opposite charges
the law of conservation of charge. What does it state?
like charges.
and
Ionic compound are able to conduct electricity.
What is ionic compound?an ionic compound is a chemical compound composed of ions held the together by electrostatic of forces termed the ionic bonding. The compound is to neutral overall,the but consists of positively charged ions called cations and negatively charged ions called anions.
Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten (liquid) or in aqueous solution (dissolved in the water), because their ions are free to move from place is to to place. Ionic compounds is cannot conduct electricity of when solid, as their ions are held in fixed positions and the cannot move.
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A 49.8−g sample of ethylene glycol, a car radiator coolant, loses 842 J of heat. What was the initial temperature of the ethylene glycol if the final temperature is 32.5°C? (c of ethylene glycol = 2.42 J/g·K)
Initial temperature is 740.417K of the ethylene glycol.
According to the first law of thermodynamics dU= dq+ dw, and system loose temperature thus dw= -842J and for adiabatic process dq=0 so dU=dw=-842J.
Also dU= nCvdT, and n= [tex]\frac{49.8}{62}[/tex]=0.8mol.
Cv=2.42J/gK
and dT=T2-T1=305.5-T1
Thus -842=0.8*2.42*(305.5-T1)
T1=740.417K
What is first law of thermodynamics?
Energy can only be transferred or transformed from one form to another; it cannot be created or destroyed.
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In a 49.8−g sample of ethylene glycol, a car radiator coolant, loses 842 J of heat, the initial temperature of the ethylene glycol is 740.417K.
The first rule of thermodynamics states that dU = dq+ dw, and since the system loses temperature as a result, dw = -842J. Similarly, for an adiabatic process, dq = 0, therefore dU = dw = -842J.
Also, n = 0.8mol, and dU = nCvdT.
dT = T2-T1
=305.5-T1 and
Cv = 2.42J/gK
In light of this,
-842 = 0.8*2.42*(305.5-T1)
T1 = 740.417 K
What is the thermodynamics first law?
Energy cannot be produced or discarded; it can only be transformed from one kind to another.
What are entropy and enthalpy?
Entropy is the amount of intrinsic disorder within a substance, whereas enthalpy is the quantity of internal energy. Enthalpy is nonzero for water because it is zero for elemental compounds like hydrogen gas and oxygen gas (regardless of phase).
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Calculate the cell potential for the galvanic cell in which the given reaction occurs at 25 °C, given that [Sn2+]=0.0610 M , [Fe3+]=0.0389 M , [Sn4+]=0.00744 M , and [Fe2+]=0.01196 M . Standard reduction potentials can be found in this table.
Sn2+(aq)+2Fe3+(aq)↽−−⇀ Sn4+(aq)+2Fe2+(aq)
The cell potential of the system is obtained as 0.66 V.
What is the cell potential?We know that we can be able to make use the table of the standard potentials so as to be able to obtain the cell potentials under standard conditions.
We have that;
The standard cell potential can be obtained as;
Cell potential of the cathode - Cell potential of the anode
0.77 V - 0.15 V
= 0.62 V
By the Nernst equation;
E = E° - 0.0592/n log Q
E = cell potential under the given conditions
n = Number of electrons transferred
E° = standard cell potential
Q = reaction quotient
Then;
Q = [0.00744] [0.01196]/[0.0610] [0.0389]
= 8.9 * 10^-5/2.4 * 10^-3
= 3.7 * 10^-2
Thus;
E = 0.62 - 0.0592/2 log (3.7 * 10^-2)
E = 0.66 V
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Why is it important that we change only one factor when conducting an experiment?
Changing only one factor in an experiment is important because it allows you to isolate the effects of that particular factor on the outcome of the experiment. This makes it easier to identify the relationship between the factor you are testing and the outcome, and to draw conclusions about cause and effect. If you change multiple factors at the same time, it can be difficult to determine which factor is responsible for any changes you observe in the outcome, and your results may be less reliable. By keeping all other factors constant and only changing the one factor you are interested in, you can more accurately determine the effect of that factor on the outcome of the experiment.
Answer: If you change multiple factors in an experiment, then you wouldn't know which factor is responsible for any changes.
Explanation:
If something changes when you change only one factor in an experiment, then you can easily note down the cause of said change.
38.5 mL of HCl of unknown concentration is neutralized by 16.8 mL of 0.50M NaOH. Calculate the concentration of the HCl.
A neutralizing reaction takes place when the acid and base are let to interact. The concentration of HCl is 218.12 M.
What do you mean by Neutralized ?Determine how much 0.100 M HCI solution is required to neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.350 M NaOH. (Response: 87.5 mL) In order to neutralize 124 mL of 0.250 M NaOH solution, determine the volume of 0.100 M HzSO4 solution required. An acid and base process known as neutralization produces only salt and water. The OH- from the base totally neutralizes the H+ from the acid in this reaction. Therefore, we can define a neutralization reaction as a reaction that creates water by removing the H+ and OH- from the reactant. Here is an example to help you.
HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H₂OOH⁻ + H⁺
mol of solution = molarity × Liter solution
mol HCL = 16.8 ml × 0.50 M
= 8.4 mol HCl
Concentration of HCl = 8.4/0.0385
= 218.12 M
From the foregoing, it is obvious that the reaction converted the OH- and H+ from the base into water.
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