The major disadvantage associated with the use of public relations is that the firm has limited control over how the public relations message will be presented by a given media type to an audience.
The major disadvantage associated with the use of public relations is that the firm has limited control over how the public relations message will be presented by a given media type to an audience. This is because public relations relies on publicity, which can be influenced by various factors and may not always align with the intended message or image. In contrast, advertising allows for greater control over the message as the firm directly controls its content and placement.
This can result in the message being misrepresented or misunderstood, which can lead to negative publicity. An international example of this is the case of Nike in the 1990s, where their use of sweatshop labor in developing countries was exposed by the media, resulting in negative publicity and damage to their reputation. While public relations can be a cost-effective way to generate publicity compared to advertising, it is important for firms to carefully manage their message and consider the potential risks associated with media coverage.
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the lower-of-cost-or-market method cannot be applied to a.each item in the inventory. b.inventory as a whole. c.each item sold. d.each major class or category of inventory.
The lower-of-cost-or-market method cannot be applied to each item in the inventory. The lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) method is an accounting method used to value inventory at the lower of its historical cost or its market value.
It is used to ensure that inventory is not overstated on the balance sheet and to provide a more conservative estimate of the value of inventory. Under the LCM method, the inventory is compared to its market value, and the lower value is used to value the inventory. This comparison must be made for each item in the inventory, rather than for the inventory as a whole or for each major class or category of inventory. This ensures that each item is valued appropriately and that the inventory is not overstated on the balance sheet.
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MANY STANDARDS STUDIES FO IDENTIFYING HIGH QUALITY DOCTORS IN THE PAY FOR PERFORMANCE CONCEPT, AND SOME USE THE EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF DOCTORS TO FUNCTION
The pay-for-performance notion has been the subject of many standards studies for identifying top quality doctors, and some of these studies employ an equitable distribution of doctors to operate. True.
According to their success on particular performance indicators, such as those that can be related to clinical quality, resource use, and patient-reported outcomes, care professionals are given explicit financial incentives under P4P. He explains, "Physicians should be approachable, excellent listeners, and sympathetic to the needs of their patients. They shouldn't be haughty or haughty.
People ought to act toward others as they would like to be treated. "Physicians should be approachable, excellent listeners, and sympathetic to their patients' issues." The Quality Indicators (QIs) are indicators of the caliber of healthcare based on administrative hospital inpatient data that is easily accessible. Quality Indicators are created by AHRQ to deliver healthcare.
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Correct Question:
State true or false: Many standards studies fo identifying high-quality doctors in the pay-for-performance concept, and some use the even distribution of doctors to function.
2. Definition of economic costsMusashi lives in Dallas and runs a business that sells boats. Inan average year, he receives $842,000 from selling boats. Of thissales revenue, he must pay the manufacturer a wholesale cost of $452,000; he also pays wages and utility bills totaling $301,000. He owns his showroom; if he chooses to rent it out, he will receive $38,000 in rent per year. Assume that the value of this showroom does not depreciate over the year. Also, if Musashi does not operate this boat business, he can work as an accountant, receive an annual salary of $48,000 with no additional monetary costs, and rent out his showroom at the $38,000 per year rate. No other costs are incurred in running this boat business.
Identify each of Musashi’s costs in the following table as either an implicit cost or an explicit cost of selling boats.
Implicit Cost
Explicit Cost
The salary Musashi could earn if he worked as an accountant
The wholesale cost for the boats that Musashi pays the manufacturer
The wages and utility bills that Musashi pays
The rental income Musashi could receive if he chose to rent out his showroom
Complete the following table by determining Musashi’s accounting and economic profit of his boat business.
Profit
(Dollars)
Accounting Profit ?
Economic Profit ?
Musashi's implicit costs are the salary he could earn as an accountant and the rental income he could receive if he chose to rent out his showroom. His explicit costs are the wholesale cost for the boats he pays the manufacturer and the wages and utility bills he pays.
Musashi's accounting profit is $89,000 ($842,000 sales revenue - $452,000 wholesale cost - $301,000 wages and utility bills). Musashi's economic profit is $1,000 ($89,000 accounting profit - $48,000 salary he could earn as an accountant - $38,000 rental income he could receive if he chose to rent out his showroom).
Musashi's implicit costs are the opportunity costs of his current business activities, such as the salary he could earn as an accountant and the rental income he could receive if he chose to rent out his showroom.
His explicit costs are the actual expenses he incurs in running his boat business, such as the wholesale cost for the boats he pays the manufacturer and the wages and utility bills he pays.
To calculate Musashi's accounting profit, we subtract his explicit costs from his sales revenue. In this case, his accounting profit is $89,000 ($842,000 sales revenue - $452,000 wholesale cost - $301,000 wages and utility bills).
To calculate Musashi's economic profit, we need to consider both his explicit and implicit costs. We subtract his explicit costs from his sales revenue, as before, to arrive at his accounting profit. We then subtract his implicit costs from his accounting profit.
In this case, Musashi's implicit costs total $86,000 ($48,000 salary he could earn as an accountant + $38,000 rental income he could receive if he chose to rent out his showroom). Subtracting his implicit costs from his accounting profit of $89,000, we arrive at an economic profit of $1,000.
This means that, while Musashi's boat business is profitable in an accounting sense, it is only marginally profitable when considering the opportunity costs of his alternative options.
If Musashi were to earn less than $1,000 in economic profit from his boat business, he would be better off pursuing one of his alternative options, such as working as an accountant or renting out his showroom.
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The balanced scorecard approach involves considering all of the following, except:
a. The customer perspective
b. Employee satisfaction
c. The efficiency of internal business processes
d. An innovation and learning perspective
The balanced scorecard approach involves considering all of the following, except: b. Employee satisfaction.
Employee satisfaction refers to the level of contentment and fulfillment that employees feel in their jobs and with their work environment. It is an important aspect of organizational culture and can have a significant impact on employee engagement, retention, and productivity. When employees are satisfied, they are more likely to feel motivated, committed, and loyal to their organization. They are also more likely to be productive and to provide high-quality work. In contrast, when employees are dissatisfied, they may be less motivated, less committed, and less productive, and may even leave the organization. There are many factors that can contribute to employee satisfaction, including job security, compensation and benefits, opportunities for advancement and growth, work-life balance, job autonomy, and a positive work environment.
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Which is true of lager-style beer?
Lager-style beer is characterized by its cold fermentation process, use of specific yeast strains, and a typically light, crisp flavor profile
Definition of lager-style beerLager-style beer is a type of beer that is brewed using a bottom-fermenting yeast at cooler temperatures, typically between 45 and 55 degrees Fahrenheit.
This results in a clean, crisp taste and a light body. Lagers are often pale in color, although there are dark lagers as well.
They typically have a lower alcohol content than ales, ranging from 3% to 6% ABV. Lager-style beers have a longer fermentation and conditioning period than ales, which can take weeks to months. This results in a smooth taste that is easy to drink.
Lager-style beers originated in Germany, but are now brewed all over the world. Some popular examples of lager-style beers include Pilsner, Helles, Bock, and Märzen.
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Natural resources are the decisive ingredient in any country's prospects for economic growth. True False
False, Natural resources are the decisive ingredient in any country's prospects for economic growth
While natural resources can play an important role in a country's economic growth, they are not the only decisive ingredient. Economic growth also depends on a range of other factors, including a skilled workforce, technological innovation, infrastructure development, stable political and legal institutions, and access to capital and markets. Additionally, natural resources are not always a reliable source of economic growth, as their value can be subject to fluctuations in global commodity markets and environmental factors. Therefore, while natural resources can be an important factor in economic growth, they are not the only decisive ingredient.
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Consider the following traders who meet. Bob has an apple Ted has an orange Mary has a pear Alice has a peach wants an orange wants a peach wants an apple wants an orange Which if any pairs have a double coincidence of wants? Bob with Alice Ted with Alice Bob with Mary, Ted with Bob, and Ted with Alice None of the pairs above have a coincidence of wants with each other
None of the pairs above have a double coincidence of wants with each other. A double coincidence of wants occurs when two traders each have something the other wants, creating a mutually beneficial exchange. However, in this scenario, each trader only wants a different type of fruit than what the others have. Therefore, there is no opportunity for a double coincidence of wants to occur.
Coincidence is a term used to describe the occurrence of two or more events or circumstances that happen at the same time or appear to be related, but may not have a causal relationship. Coincidence is often described as a remarkable or unusual occurrence and can be perceived as either positive or negative depending on the context. Coincidences can range from simple occurrences, such as meeting someone you know in an unexpected place, to more complex and significant events, such as two unrelated individuals having identical experiences or dreams. Coincidence is often a matter of subjective interpretation and is open to various degrees of skepticism and belief.
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3. (a) What is the definition of an externality? (2 point)
(b) Provide two examples of each of the following: (8 points)
· -
Positive Production Externalities
· - Negative Production Externalities
· - Positive Consumption Externalities
· Negative Consumption Externalities
Externality refers to the effect of a decision on a third party not involved in the decision.
An externality is an effect of a decision made by one party on a third party not involved in the decision. Positive production externalities are beneficial effects of production on third parties, such as job creation or reduced pollution.
Negative production externalities are harmful effects of production on third parties, such as air or water pollution. Positive consumption externalities occur when consumption by one party benefits others, such as vaccination reducing the spread of disease.
Negative consumption externalities occur when consumption by one party harms others, such as second-hand smoke. Examples of positive production externalities include education and research, while negative production externalities include noise pollution and deforestation.
Positive consumption externalities include beekeeping, while negative consumption externalities include littering.
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The interest rate is 7% in the market for loanable funds. Investors wish to borrow $90 million, and savers wish to save $135 million at this interest rate. We would expect the interest rate to _____, as there is a _____ of loanable funds. fall; shortage rise; shortage rise; surplus fall; surplus
According to the market for loanable funds, the equilibrium interest rate is determined by the intersection of the demand and supply of loanable funds.
In this case, investors wish to borrow $90 million and savers wish to save $135 million at an interest rate of 7%. However, since the quantity demanded of loanable funds exceeds the quantity supplied of loanable funds, there is a shortage of loanable funds.
As a result, the interest rate would be expected to rise in order to incentivize savers to save more and reduce the quantity demanded of loanable funds. Therefore, we can conclude that the interest rate would rise in this scenario due to a shortage of loanable funds.
In summary, when there is a shortage of loanable funds, the interest rate tends to rise in order to balance the demand and supply of loanable funds. A rise in interest rates would encourage savers to supply more funds and discourage borrowers from demanding excessive funds, ultimately leading to an equilibrium in the market for loanable funds.
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∗∗∗Correct answers will receive 2 mark. Incorrect answers will receive 0 marks.∗∗∗The perfectly competitive firm in the market for blueberries is in long run equilibrium. Suddenly consumers expectations of future price changes. They believe that prices will be lower in the future. After this occurs, the long run comes and the market can adjust to long run equilibrium again. The adjustment to long run equilibrium means that the market supply curve will shift to the left. Select one: True False
'The given statement is true because when consumers' expectations change and they believe that prices will be lower in the future, they may reduce their demand for blueberries in the present.'
As a result, the market demand curve for blueberries shifts to the left. This decrease in demand leads to a surplus of blueberries in the market, which puts downward pressure on the price of blueberries.
In the long run, firms in the market for blueberries can adjust their production levels to the new market conditions. If the market price of blueberries falls, some firms may exit the market, while others may reduce their production levels. This decrease in supply leads to a leftward shift in the market supply curve.
The adjustment to long run equilibrium occurs when the decrease in supply due to firms leaving the market or reducing their production levels is equal to the decrease in demand due to consumers' changing expectations. At the new equilibrium, the market price of blueberries will be lower than before, but the quantity supplied and demanded will be back in balance.
Overall, the adjustment to long run equilibrium involves a leftward shift in the market supply curve as firms respond to lower prices, which is consistent with the statement that the market supply curve will shift to the left.
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An economic recession tends to ________ the demand for imports, which ________ a nation's balance of payments. A) reduce; worsens B) reduce; improves C) increase; improves D) increase; worsens
An economic recession tends to increase the demand for imports, which worsens a nation's balance of payments, the correct option is (d).
During an "economic-recession", the demand for imports tends to increase because during a recession, domestic production may decrease, leading to lower availability of certain goods and services domestically.
As a result, countries may need to rely more on imports to meet their needs.
However, an increase in imports during a recession can worsen a nation's balance of payments, which refers to the record of a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world.
When a nation imports more than it exports, it runs a trade deficit, which can negatively impact its balance of payments as it results in more money flowing out of the country to pay for imports than coming in from exports.
This leads to a deterioration of the nation's-balance of payments position, potentially worsening its economic situation.
Therefore, the correct option is (d).
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11. How is state intervention seen in terms of economicdevelopment in The Public Choice Theory approach?Please do not answer if you are not sure!
In the Public Choice Theory approach, state intervention is viewed as potentially detrimental to economic development. This is because the theory assumes that government officials are driven by their own self-interest and may make decisions that prioritize their own interests over the greater good of the economy. Therefore, excessive state intervention can lead to inefficient allocation of resources and hinder the growth of the economy. However, some level of state intervention may be necessary to provide public goods and services that the private sector cannot or will not provide. Overall, the Public Choice Theory approach advocates for a limited and carefully considered role for the state in promoting economic development.
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The ________ model assumes that a media message affects most consumers in the same way.A) global effects B) limited effects C) personal effects D) uniform-effects
The uniform-effects model assumes that a media message affects most consumers in the same way. The answer is D) uniform-effects model.
The uniform-effects model, also known as the hypodermic needle model or the magic bullet theory, assumes that media messages have a strong and direct impact on all audience members in a uniform manner. This model suggests that media messages are like a ""magic bullet"" that can enter an individual's mind and immediately produce the desired effect.
The uniform-effects model was popular in the early days of mass communication, but it has been largely discredited in recent years. Research has shown that media effects are much more complex and are influenced by a variety of factors, including personal characteristics, social context, and the nature of the media content itself.
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MAKE A REPORT ABOUT THE FOLLOWING DEBATE 1. The nature of money, expain • Defining money by its functions. Advantages of monetary economy over the barter economy. Types of money • Demand for Money
While the nature of money remains a debated topic, it can be defined by its functions as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. The use of money in an economy offers advantages over barter, such as increased productivity and efficiency, and there are different types of money available.
Understanding the demand for money is also crucial in understanding the role of money in an economy. The debate regarding the nature of money is an ongoing one, with economists and scholars offering different perspectives. One way to define money is by its functions, which include being a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value. Money serves as a convenient way for individuals to trade goods and services, and it eliminates the need for barter, which can be cumbersome and inefficient.
One advantage of a monetary economy over a barter economy is that it allows for specialization and division of labor, which leads to increased productivity and efficiency. In a barter economy, individuals must have something that the other wants in order to trade, which can limit their ability to specialize in a particular field. With money, individuals can sell their goods or services for a widely accepted medium of exchange and use that money to purchase the goods or services they need.
There are several types of money, including commodity money, which has intrinsic value (such as gold or silver), and fiat money, which has value because the government declares it to be legal tender. Digital currencies, such as Bitcoin, are also becoming more popular and can be considered a type of money.
The demand for money is also an important factor in understanding the nature of money. Individuals and businesses hold money for various reasons, including transactional purposes, precautionary reasons, and speculative reasons. The demand for money can fluctuate based on factors such as interest rates and economic conditions.
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Because the average consumer operates in a complex environment, the human brain attempts to organize and interpret information with a process referred to as
Selective perception is the unconscious process by which people screen, elect, and notice objects in their terrain. It is option D.
The human brain uses a process called selective perception to try to organize and understand information because the average consumer works in a complex environment. During this process, information is frequently interpreted broadly in ways that are consistent with pretensions, beliefs, and being stations.
Having a picky perspective focuses your cognitive resources on the commodity you anticipate being. Additionally, your emotions play a significant role in this process.
you engage in picky perception only when certain stimulants are disturbing and delicate to handle and have the capability to because pain, disappointment, or discomfort.
Question:
The human brain tries to organize and understand information because the typical consumer works in a complex environment. This process is called:
a) selective retention;
b) discrimination of stimuli;
c) selective exposure;
d) selective perception; and
e) selective identification
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What is Fiji's GDP deflator if its nominal GDP is $5.48 billion (in current US$) and the real GDP is $5.21 billion?
The GDP deflator for Fiji can be calculated by dividing the nominal GDP by the real GDP and multiplying by 100 and Fiji's GDP deflator is 105.1.
To calculate Fiji's GDP deflator using the given nominal GDP ($5.48 billion) and real GDP ($5.21 billion), follow these steps:
Step 1: Understand the formula for GDP deflator, which is:
GDP deflator = (Nominal GDP / Real GDP) x 100
Step 2: Plug the values into the formula:
GDP deflator = ($5.48 billion / $5.21 billion) x 100
Step 3: Perform the division:
GDP deflator = (1.051) x 100
Step 4: Multiply by 100 to get the GDP deflator as a percentage:
GDP deflator = 105.1
So, Fiji's GDP deflator is 105.1.
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Explain carefully the difference between GDP and GNP.
The difference between GDP and GNP is that GNP considers the production of both, produced domestically and abroad also, whereas GDP only considers produce within the countries border.
The Gross-Domestic-Product (GDP) and Gross-National-Product (GNP) are both measures of a country's economic performance, but they differ in their scope and calculation.
The "GDP" measures the total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders, regardless of the nationality of the producer.
The "GNP" measures the total value of goods and services produced by the citizens and companies of a country, regardless of their location.
In other words, GNP takes into account the production of a country's citizens and companies both domestically and abroad, while GDP only measures domestic production.
As a result, GNP can be higher than GDP if a country has a large number of citizens and companies producing goods and services abroad.
Another difference between GDP and GNP is the way they account for international-trade. GDP includes exports of goods and services, but excludes imports, while GNP includes both exports and imports.
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which statement is correct about whole life insurance? multiple choice at first, it is cheaper than term life. it builds up cash value. the premiums increase with your age. it is the best choice for people who plan to keep the policy for a short term. it is the same thing as term life insurance.
The second option is the best one. This is a lifelong way of thinking. Additionally to the death benefits, its financial value rises. The cash value is influenced by the investment's return.
Explain insurance?In an insurance agreement, the insurer is responsible for covering losses sustained by one of the parties as a result of specific risks or disasters. It guards against financial loss for the insured individual or their family members. There are numerous types of insurance. Life, health, property owners, and automobile insurance are among the most widely used types of coverage.
Compared to term life, the upfront cost is higher. The premium declines with age. This is not a short-term goal because it is a whole-life policy. "Life" is the word that stands out.
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Operational risks are threats to the effective flow of materials, services, and products in a supply chain.
Which of the following options reduces the risk for operational disruptions and also minimizes the bullwhip effect in supply chains?
a. variability b. Visibility c. RFID (radio frequency identification)
The option that reduces the risk for operational disruptions and minimizes the bullwhip effect in supply chains is "Visibility." Hence the option b. is correct.
Operational disruption is defined as a deviance from or interruption of routine activities or operations that causes data loss, a decrease in system availability, reliability, or control, or that shows malicious software has been installed on crucial information technology systems. A family of learning algorithms is defined by the statistical learning theory principle of empirical risk minimization, which is also used to provide theoretical limitations on the performance of these algorithms.
This is because having visibility in the supply chain allows for better tracking and management of inventory, which can lead to more accurate forecasting and reduced variability. RFID technology can also contribute to visibility by allowing for real-time tracking of products and materials. However, variability itself can contribute to operational risks, so it is not the best option for reducing these risks.
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by profession this golf course architect was an insurance agent that traveled to scotland to study the courses their. he then laid out a famous course in pennsylvania while not copying design concepts from scottish golf courses. who is this person? group of answer choices c.b. macdonald henry fownes hugh wilson george crump
The person described in the question is Hugh Wilson. He was a golf course architect by profession but worked as an insurance agent before pursuing his passion for golf.
He traveled to Scotland to study their courses and then designed the famous course at Merion Golf Club in Pennsylvania, which is known for its unique design concepts that were not copied from Scottish courses. The person you are referring to is Hugh Wilson. By profession, he was an insurance agent who traveled to Scotland to study their golf courses. He then laid out the famous Merion Golf Club course in Pennsylvania, while incorporating his own unique design concepts rather than copying those from Scottish golf courses.
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During the Maturity phase firms defend their market share against ___________
During the Maturity phase firms defend their market share against market planning. A defensive strategy is the type of promotional objective that is typically employed to maintain market share during the maturity phase of a product's life cycle.
Utilising strategies like discounts and promotions to defend the product's market share from rivals is part of this strategy. The product has already received widespread acclaim at this point, and demand is probably going to remain stable or even decrease.
By making a more alluring offer than the opposition, the aim is to decrease market share. The corporation should concentrate on areas like price, product attributes, distribution methods, and customer service in order to achieve this. In order to keep its current clients, it should also emphasise differentiation and special selling characteristics. The defence plan should also employ techniques for retaining current clients through loyalty programmes, boosting exposure through advertising, and delivering first-rate client service.
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A bank borrows $100,000 from the Bank of Canada, leaving securities worth $100,000 with the Bank of Canada to serve as collateral for the loan. The bank rate that applies to the loan is 4 percent and the desired reserve ratio is 10 percent. How much of the $100,000 borrowed by the bank will it keep as desired reserves?
multiple choice
$100,000
$0
$10,000
$4,000
The remaining $90,000 can be used by the bank to fund loans or investments while the bank retains $10,000 as desired reserves.
The answer is $10,000.
When a bank borrows from the Bank of Canada, it must leave securities worth the same amount as collateral. In this case, the bank borrowed $100,000 and left $100,000 worth of securities with the Bank of Canada.
The bank rate of 4 percent means that the interest rate on the loan is 4 percent. This is not relevant to the question of how much the bank will keep as desired reserves.
The desired reserve ratio of 10 percent means that the bank must hold 10 percent of its deposits as reserves. In this case, the bank borrowed $100,000, so it will have $100,000 in deposits.
To find out how much the bank will keep as desired reserves, we simply multiply the deposits by the desired reserve ratio:
$100,000 x 0.10 = $10,000
Therefore, the bank will keep $10,000 as desired reserves and can use the remaining $90,000 to make loans or investments.
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A decrease in the demand for cell phones and an increase in the supply of cell phones imply that a. both the value of cell phones to consumers and the cost of producing cell phones has increased b. the value of cell phones to consumers has increased, and the cost of producing cell phones has decreased. c. the value of cell phones to consumers has decreased, and the cost of producing cell phones has increased d. both the value of cell phones to consumers and the cost of producing cell phones has decreased.
The correct answer is c. If there is a decrease in demand for cell phones, it means that consumers do not value them as highly as before.
Therefore, the value of cell phones to consumers has decreased, while t the cost of producing them has increased, Your answer is d. Both the value of cell phones to consumers and the cost of producing cell phones have decreased.
An increase in the supply of cell phones implies that it's now cheaper to produce them. Therefore, both the value to consumers and the cost of producing cell phones have decreased, the cost of producing cell phones has decreased. c.
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Suppose the U.S. foreign assets are 70 percent of the U.S. GDP, and the U.S. foreign liabilities are 99 percent of the U.S. GDP. Moreover, suppose that 64 percent of U.S. foreign assets are denominated in foreign currencies, while all liabilities to foreigners are denominated in U.S. dollars.How will a 14 percent depreciation of the dollar affect foreigners' net foreign claims on the U.S. measured in U.S. dollars (as a percent of U.S. GDP)? (You will need a calculator. Round your answer to the whole percentage point, no decimals.) Foreigners will experience a net capital_____ equal to____ percent of U.S. GDP.
Foreigners will experience a net capital gain equal to 0.21GDP / GDP x 100% = 21%. Therefore, foreigners' net foreign claims on the U.S. measured in U.S. dollars will increase by 21 percent of U.S. GDP.
A 14 percent depreciation of the dollar means that the value of the dollar has decreased by 14 percent compared to foreign currencies. This means that U.S. foreign assets denominated in foreign currencies will also decrease in value by 14 percent, while U.S. foreign liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars will remain unchanged.
To calculate the impact on foreigners' net foreign claims on the U.S., we need to consider the net foreign assets position of the U.S. This is calculated as the difference between U.S. foreign assets and U.S. foreign liabilities.
Using the given percentages, we can calculate that U.S. foreign assets are 70% x GDP = 0.7GDP, while U.S. foreign liabilities are 99% x GDP = 0.99GDP. Therefore, the net foreign assets position of the U.S. is:
Net foreign assets = U.S. foreign assets - U.S. foreign liabilities = 0.7GDP - 0.99GDP = -0.29GDP (negative indicates a net foreign liabilities position)
Now, if 64 percent of U.S. foreign assets are denominated in foreign currencies, this means that 36 percent are denominated in U.S. dollars. foreign assets denominated in U.S. dollars will remain unchanged.
New foreign assets = (0.36 x GDP) + (0.64 x GDP x 0.86) = 0.36GDP + 0.55GDP = 0.91GDP
The new net foreign assets position of the U.S. will be:
New net foreign assets = New foreign assets - U.S. foreign liabilities = 0.91GDP - 0.99GDP = -0.08GDP
This means that the net foreign liabilities position of the U.S. has decreased by 0.29GDP - (-0.08GDP) = 0.21GDP.
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Explain what is meant by the concept of "value added" and how it can be used to calculate GDP.
The concept of "value added" refers to "the additional value created by a business or industry through its production process". It can be used to calculate GDP.
The GDP is term in the economics or gross domestic product is the monetary method to measure of the market value or all the final products or services which is slod in the specific time period in the country.
The value of inputs to add value created by business such as raw materials, labor, and capital and the value of the outputs produced by a business.
To calculate GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.
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Diseconomies of scale:
a) Exist when fixed cost increases as output increases
b) Exist when long-run average cost increases as output increases
c) Result eventually as the firm uses more and more labor with a fixed capital stock
d) Both a and b
e) All of the above
Diseconomies of scale occur when a firm experiences increased long-run average costs as its output increases. In this context, the correct answer is: b) Exist when long-run average cost increases as output increases
Diseconomies of scale can arise due to several factors, such as increased bureaucracy, communication breakdowns, and difficulties in managing resources efficiently. When a firm grows too large, it might lose the ability to coordinate and control its operations effectively, leading to higher per-unit costs.
In contrast to diseconomies of scale, economies of scale occur when a firm's long-run average cost decreases as output increases. This happens when a firm can benefit from cost advantages associated with large-scale production, such as bulk purchasing discounts or improved production techniques.
Option a) is not accurate, as fixed costs do not necessarily increase as output increases. Fixed costs are costs that remain constant regardless of the level of output, such as rent or machinery costs.
Option c) is not directly related to diseconomies of scale, as it describes a situation where a firm uses more labor with a fixed capital stock, which might result in diminishing returns but not necessarily diseconomies of scale.
Therefore, the correct answer is b) Exist when long-run average cost increases as output increases, as this statement accurately describes the concept of diseconomies of scale.
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Someone who maintains an inventory of stocks and buys and sells those stocks is known as a ____.
Answer:
A Dealer,
Someone who keeps a stock inventory and buys and sells stocks. A dealer often works as a market maker in the context of stock trading, providing liquidity to the market by buying and selling stocks on their own account. Dealers might work as individuals or as members of larger organizations such as brokerage firms or investment banks. They play an important role in facilitating stock trading in financial markets.
All companies, except for those under financial stress, should invest in simulation models to increase their efficiency. true or false
The statement is false because because while simulation models can be a useful tool for increasing efficiency, they may not be necessary or appropriate for all companies.
The decision to invest in simulation models depends on various factors such as the nature of the business, its size, the availability of resources, and the potential benefits of using simulation models. While simulation models can help improve efficiency for some companies, they may not be necessary or appropriate for others.
Additionally, companies under financial stress may not have the resources to invest in simulation models, and may need to prioritize other areas of their operations. Therefore, the decision to invest in simulation models should be made on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the specific needs and circumstances of each company.
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Joe has just moved to a small town with only one golf course, the Northlands Golf Club. His inverse demand function is:p=200−2q,p=200−2q,where qq is the number of rounds of golf that he pays per year. The manager of the Northlands Club negotiates separately with each person who joins the club and can therefore charge individual prices. This manager has a good idea of what Joe's demand curve is and offers Joe a special deal, where Joe pays an annual membership fee and can play as many rounds as he wants at $20$20, which is the marginal cost his round imposes on the club.a. What membership fee would maximize profit for the Club? The manager could have charged Joe a single price per round.b. How much extra profit does the Club earn by using two-part earning? Give your answer as a whole number.
The Northlands Golf Club should charge Joe a membership fee of $1225 to maximize profit using two-part pricing, earning an extra profit equal to the membership fee compared to charging Joe a single price per round.
How to determine the membership fee that maximizes profit for the club?To determine the membership fee that maximizes profit for the club i.e., Two-part pricing for profit maximization, we need to find the price that Joe is willing to pay for each round of golf.
Given Joe's inverse demand function, we can solve for q as a function of p:
p = 200 - 2q
q = (200 - p) / 2
This tells us that for any given price, we can calculate the number of rounds of golf that Joe will play.
For example, if the club charges $50 per round, Joe will play:
q = (200 - 50) / 2 = 75 rounds
Now let's consider the two-part pricing scheme that the club is offering to Joe. Joe pays an annual fee F and can then play as many rounds as he wants at a price of $20 per round.
The club's revenue from Joe can be written as:
R = F + 20q
where q is the number of rounds that Joe plays.
The club's profit is equal to revenue minus cost, and since the marginal cost per round is $20, the profit function is:
[tex]\pi[/tex] = (F + 20q) - 20q
[tex]\pi[/tex] = F
This tells us that the club's profit is equal to the membership fee that Joe pays.
Therefore, to maximize profit, the club should set the membership fee equal to the maximum amount that Joe is willing to pay for the right to play unlimited rounds of golf at $20 per round.
To find this maximum amount, we can use the inverse demand function to solve for the price that makes Joe indifferent between playing and not playing.
That is, Joe is willing to pay the membership fee if the price per round is less than the maximum amount he is willing to pay.
We can set up the following equation:
F + 20q = 200 - 2q
Solving for q, we get:
q = (200 - F) / 22
This tells us the maximum number of rounds that Joe will play for any given membership fee.
To find the maximum fee that Joe is willing to pay, we need to find the fee that makes Joe indifferent between playing and not playing, or equivalently, the fee that makes his total cost of playing equal to his total benefit.
His total benefit is the sum of his consumer surplus (the difference between his willingness to pay and the price he pays) for each round of golf that he plays. We can write this as:
B = ∫0qmax (200 - 2q - 20) dq
B = ∫0qmax (180 - 2q) dq
[tex]B = 90q_{max} - q_{max}^2[/tex]
where [tex]q_{max[/tex] is the maximum number of rounds that Joe will play for the given membership fee.
His total cost is the membership fee plus the marginal cost of each round of golf:
[tex]C = F + 20q_{max[/tex]
Setting the total benefit equal to the total cost and solving for F, we get:
[tex]90q_{max} - q_{max}^2 = F + 20q_{max}\\F = 70q_{max} - q_{max}^2[/tex]
To find the membership fee that maximizes profit for the club, we need to find the value of [tex]q_{max[/tex] that maximizes the profit function [tex]\pi[/tex] = F.
We can do this by taking the derivative of the profit function with respect to [tex]q_{max[/tex] and setting it equal to zero:
[tex]d\pi /dq_{max} = 70 - 2q_{max} = 0\\q_{max} = 35[/tex]
Therefore, the maximum membership fee that Joe is willing to pay is:
[tex]F = 70q_{max} - q_{max}^2 = 70(35) - (35)^2 = \$ 1225[/tex]
So the club should charge Joe a membership fee of $1225
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SUIVE Suppose demand is QD=8−P and supply is QS=P. There is a constant positive externality of$4 per unit (marginal external benefit, MEB =$4).
Find the market equilibrium quantity and the socially optimal quantity.
The market equilibrium quantity is ___. (Round your answer to one decimal place.)
The socially optimal quantity is ___. (Round your answer to one decimal place.)
The market equilibrium quantity is 4 units and the socially optimal quantity is 6 units.
To find the market equilibrium quantity, we need to set the quantity demanded equal to the quantity supplied and solve for P.
QD = QS
8 - P = P
8 = 2P
P = 4
Now that we have found P, we can substitute it back into either the demand or supply equation to find the equilibrium quantity.
Q = 8 - P
Q = 8 - 4
Q = 4
Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity is 4 units.
To find the socially optimal quantity, we need to take into account the positive externality. The socially optimal quantity is the quantity where the marginal social benefit (MSB) equals the marginal social cost (MSC).
MSB = MEB + MPB
MSB = $4 + (8 - Q)
MSC = MPC
MSC = P
Setting MSB equal to MSC and solving for Q:
$4 + (8 - Q) = P
$4 + (8 - Q) = Q
$12 - Q = Q
Q = $6
Therefore, the socially optimal quantity is 6 units.
In conclusion, the market equilibrium quantity is 4 units and the socially optimal quantity is 6 units. This means that there is market failure as the market equilibrium quantity is less than the socially optimal quantity. Policymakers may need to intervene in order to correct this market failure, for example through the use of subsidies or taxes.
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