Organizations, including Microsoft, often change their initial departmentalization approach to better align with their evolving needs, market conditions, and strategic objectives.
Microsoft is a prime example of an organization that has shifted its departmentalization approach over time. Initially, Microsoft followed a functional departmentalization structure, where employees were grouped based on their specialized functions such as engineering, marketing, and finance.
However, as the company expanded its product portfolio and entered new markets, it recognized the importance of cross-functional collaboration and customer-centricity. To address these needs, Microsoft adopted a matrix structure, which allowed for greater integration and cooperation across departments. This shift helped facilitate innovation, improve communication, and enhance coordination between different functional areas within the organization. By adapting its departmentalization approach, Microsoft was able to stay agile and responsive to changing business dynamics, ultimately contributing to its success as a leading technology company.
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Suppose there are only two stocks in the entire market, Stock A and Stock B. Stock A has an expected return of 8% and a standard deviation, OA, of 15%. Stock B has an expected return of 14% and a standard deviation, og of 20%. Their market capitalizations are both exactly the same at $1,000,000. The correlation between Stock A and Stock B, p, is 0.3. The risk free rate, rf, is 4.5%. a) (10 points) If you were only able to hold either the market portfolio or Stock A in isolation, and held no other assets, which would you choose and why? b) (10 points) Show that the CAPM does not hold in this example given the numbers above. Recall that for the CAPM to hold implies that the market is equal to the tangent portfolio.
The market portfolio in this case would be an equally weighted portfolio of Stock A and Stock B since they have the same market capitalization. This means that you would split your investment 50/50 between these two stocks to replicate the market.
How to show that CAPM does not holdThe expected return E(rM) of the market portfolio is a weighted average of the expected returns of the individual assets, and since the weights are equal (0.5 for each stock):
E(rM) = 0.5 * 8% + 0.5 * 14%
= 11%
[tex]Var(rM) = wA^2 * OA^2 + wB^2 * OB^2 + 2 * wA * wB * p * OA * OBVar(rM) = 0.5^2 * 0.15^2 + 0.5^2 * 0.20^2 + 2 * 0.5 * 0.5 * 0.3 * 0.15 * 20%[/tex]
= 15%.
rf = 4.5%
For the Market Portfolio (M):
E(rM) = 11%
OM = 15%
For Stock A (A):
E(rA) = 8%
OA = 15%
For Stock B (B):
E(rB) = 14%
OB = 20%
The Sharpe ratios for these portfolios are:
Sharpe(M) = (E(rM) - rf)/OM = (11% - 4.5%)/15% = 0.433
Sharpe(A) = (E(rA) - rf)/OA = (8% - 4.5%)/15% = 0.233
Sharpe(B) = (E(rB) - rf)/OB = (14% - 4.5%)/20% = 0.475
The highest Sharpe ratio is for Stock B, and not for the market portfolio. Hence, the CAPM does not hold in this example because the market portfolio
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Question 2 (1 point) A good way to deal with adverse selection faced by an insurance company would not be to a) require policy holders to pay a deductible b) insure groups of individuals (such as all
A good way to deal with adverse selection faced by an insurance company would not be to insure groups of individuals (such as all employees of a particular company) rather than individuals, to deal with the adverse selection faced by an insurance company.
So, the answer is B.
To address the adverse selection problem, insurance companies can use a variety of strategies. The most common strategies include:
Requiring policyholders to pay a deductible - This helps to reduce the number of claims that are made, as the policyholders have to pay some of the cost of their care out of pocket.
By doing this, the policyholders are more likely to be responsible with their policies, and they are less likely to file claims that are frivolous.
Insuring groups of individuals - One of the best ways to deal with adverse selection is to insure groups of people.
This works because it spreads the risk among a larger pool of people, which makes it less likely that only the riskiest people will seek out policies. In addition, insuring groups of people can help to reduce the cost of policies, which makes them more affordable for everyone involved.
Thus, the correct option would be b) insure groups of individuals (such as all employees of a particular company) rather than individuals, to deal with the adverse selection faced by an insurance company.
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A project proposal requiring P840,000 initial investment will result to annual cash return of: Required: Year 1 P65,000; year 2 P150,250; year 3 P275,750; year 4 P350,600; year 5 P245,600; and, year 6 P120,400. a. If the current cost of funds is 12% and the decision criteria are the net present value and discounted payback, should the project be implemented ? (10 pts.) b. What is the project's payback period?
The discounted payback period is between Year 4 and Year 5. Therefore, the project's discounted payback period is approximately 4 years.
To determine whether the project should be implemented based on the net present value (NPV) and discounted payback criteria, we need to calculate the NPV and discounted payback period using the given cash flows and the current cost of funds of 12%.
a. Net Present Value (NPV) Calculation:
The NPV is calculated by discounting each cash flow to its present value and summing them up. If the NPV is positive, the project is considered financially viable.
Year 1: P65,000 / (1 + 0.12)^1 = P58,035.71
Year 2: P150,250 / (1 + 0.12)^2 = P117,903.61
Year 3: P275,750 / (1 + 0.12)^3 = P191,986.36
Year 4: P350,600 / (1 + 0.12)^4 = P219,162.95
Year 5: P245,600 / (1 + 0.12)^5 = P140,874.33
Year 6: P120,400 / (1 + 0.12)^6 = P59,409.55
NPV = Sum of present values of cash flows - Initial investment
= P58,035.71 + P117,903.61 + P191,986.36 + P219,162.95 + P140,874.33 + P59,409.55 - P840,000
= P827,372.51 - P840,000
= -P12,627.49 (negative)
Since the NPV is negative, the project does not meet the NPV criterion and would not be considered financially viable at a 12% cost of funds.
b. Discounted Payback Period:
The discounted payback period measures the time required for the discounted cash flows to recover the initial investment. We need to calculate the cumulative discounted cash flows until they cover the initial investment.
Year 1: P58,035.71 / P840,000 = 0.0691 (approximately)
Year 2: (P58,035.71 + P117,903.61) / P840,000 = 0.2264 (approximately)
Year 3: (P58,035.71 + P117,903.61 + P191,986.36) / P840,000 = 0.5365 (approximately)
Year 4: (P58,035.71 + P117,903.61 + P191,986.36 + P219,162.95) / P840,000 = 0.8338 (approximately)
Year 5: (P58,035.71 + P117,903.61 + P191,986.36 + P219,162.95 + P140,874.33) / P840,000 = 0.9983 (approximately)
Based on the NPV and discounted payback criteria, the project should not be implemented.
As it has a negative NPV and does not meet the discounted payback period requirement of 4 years.
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A forecast using the ratio 'Days Sales Outstanding' (DSO) is applying a business relationship.
True or False?
False. Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) is not a forecast, but rather a financial metric used to measure the average number of days it takes for a company to collect payment from its customers after a sale.
It represents the relationship between accounts receivable and average daily sales. DSO helps assess the efficiency of a company's credit and collection policies. It is not directly related to forecasting future sales or financial performance. Instead, it provides insight into the company's cash flow and liquidity position based on its existing accounts receivable balances and historical sales data.
Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) is a financial metric used to evaluate the efficiency of a company's credit and collection processes. It measures the average number of days it takes for a company to collect payment from its customers after making a sale. DSO is calculated by dividing the accounts receivable balance by the average daily sales.
DSO is not a forecasting tool because it relies on historical data and current accounts receivable balances rather than predicting future sales or financial performance. It provides insights into a company's cash flow and liquidity position by indicating how quickly it can convert its sales into cash. A lower DSO suggests that a company is collecting payments quickly and efficiently, while a higher DSO may indicate issues with credit policies or collections procedures.
While DSO is a useful metric for monitoring cash flow, it does not directly involve forecasting or predicting future business relationships or outcomes. Its primary purpose is to assess the effectiveness of a company's accounts receivable management.
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An institutional breakdown in U.S. financial markets would tend to cause ____
a. short-run aggregate supply to increase. b. long-run aggregate supply to increase. c. aggregate demand to decrease. d. aggregate demand to increase.
e. long-run aggregate supply to decrease.
An institutional breakdown in U.S. financial markets would tend to cause C) aggregate demand to decrease.
Institutional breakdown - Institutional breakdown happens when an economic or political institution is unable to fulfill its responsibilities and obligations. This term is utilized to describe a variety of circumstances in which the institution is seen to be malfunctioning. It could be an institution that is not able to carry out its assigned duties or duties or that has failed to develop in accordance with changing circumstances.
For example, a breakdown in an educational institution might refer to a lack of funding or staff that has resulted in lower-quality education and lower student achievement rates.Aggregate demand is the total amount of goods and services that customers are willing and able to purchase at a given price level, according to economics.
Changes in aggregate demand might have a major impact on the economy, resulting in inflation or recession. When aggregate demand decreases, it reduces the amount of goods and services that are produced.
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Compare and evaluate how the companies described in this case study dealt with the challenges of BYOD.
Company C, which implemented a mobile device management (MDM) system for secure access to company resources on personal devices, appears to have the most effective approach to the challenges of BYOD.
Comparison and Evaluation: The companies described in this case study approached the challenges of BYOD in different ways. Company A limited device usage to personal email and contacts, prioritizing data security but potentially impacting employee satisfaction. Company B provided approved devices for work purposes, ensuring compatibility and security but potentially incurring high costs. Company C implemented an MDM system, allowing secure access to company resources on personal devices, striking a balance between employee satisfaction and data security. Company C's approach appears to be the most effective, but the cost of implementing an MDM system may be a barrier for smaller companies. The optimal approach depends on the company's size and requirements.In conclusion, the companies described in this case study employed different strategies to address the challenges of BYOD, with Company C's implementation of a mobile device management system standing out as the most effective approach for ensuring secure access to company resources on personal devices.
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Respond to ONE of the following prompts:
1. In Rita Williams-Garcia's One Crazy Summer the narrator, Delphine goes through a period of emotional growth. In three separate paragraphs discuss three moments where Delphine learns something about herself or learns something about life. Tell WHY and HOW she grows at each moment. Be specific about which other characters encourage her emotional growth and WHY. Organize your ideas into paragraphs.
OR
2. In Rita Williams-Garcia's One Crazy Summer the sisters nteract with the Black Panthers community. Why does Delphine hesitate to engage with this community? What is the girls' experience with this community? What do they learn from the Black Panthers? How and why is the Black Panthers community important for the sisters? Organize your ideas into paragraphs.
OR
3. Rita Williams-Garcia's One Crazy Summer includes many different themes. Choose ONE theme and tell how and why this theme is important. Organize your ideas into paragraphs.
Prompt 2:
The community was formed to fight against the systematic oppression faced by African Americans in America. The Black Panthers are a political organization that advocates for the right of Black people in the United States. Delphine, the eldest sister, is hesitant to engage with this community because of the negative image that the group has been portrayed in the media.
She does not understand the purpose of the Black Panthers and fears their involvement with their family.The girls' experience with this community is both educational and life-changing. Through the Black Panthers, they learn about their cultural heritage, the struggles that their people have gone through, and the importance of fighting for what is right.
The Black Panthers teach the girls to stand up for their rights and to be proud of who they are. They also learn that there is a bigger purpose for their lives beyond themselves.The Black Panthers community is important for the sisters because they give them a sense of belonging and purpose.
The girls learn that they are not alone and that there are other people out there who have gone through the same struggles as they have. They learn that they are part of a larger community, and they have a responsibility to contribute to that community.
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Every project charter should contain which of the following points?
Problem statement, purpose, benefits, scope, results
Problem statement, purpose, cost projection, scope, next steps
Vision statement, purpose, strategic plan, benefits, results
Scope, team member names, cost projection, benefits, results
The scope defines the boundaries of the project. It should be specific and well-defined. Finally, the results specify what the project is expected to deliver. They should be measurable and should align with the project's objectives and benefits.
Every project charter should contain the following points: Problem statement, purpose, benefits, scope, results. A project charter is a crucial document that outlines the key assumptions, objectives, and goals of a project, as well as the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders involved in the project. It is typically developed during the initiation phase of a project and serves as a guiding document for the entire project lifecycle. The problem statement highlights the reason for initiating the project. It should be clear, concise, and straightforward. The purpose defines what the project intends to achieve. It should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. The benefits highlight the anticipated results that the project will deliver. They should be linked to the project's objectives and should be measurable. The scope defines the boundaries of the project. It should be specific and well-defined. Finally, the results specify what the project is expected to deliver. They should be measurable and should align with the project's objectives and benefits.
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Big Oil, Inc. has a preferred stock outstanding that pays a $8 annual dividend. If investors required rate of return is 10 percent, what is the market value of the shares?
The market value of the shares of Big Oil, Inc.'s preferred stock outstanding is $80 if investors require a rate of return of 10 percent.
The market value of the shares of the preferred stock issued by Big Oil, Inc. can be calculated using the dividend discount model, which is used to value the stocks of companies that pay dividends. The formula for the dividend discount model is:PV = D / RWhere:PV = Present Value of the stockD = Dividend per share
R = Required rate of returnIn this case, the dividend per share is $8 and the required rate of return is 10 percent or 0.10.
Therefore, the market value of the preferred stock can be calculated as:PV = $8 / 0.10 = $80
Therefore, the market value of the shares of Big Oil, Inc.'s preferred stock outstanding is $80 if investors require a rate of return of 10 percent.
The company can issue new shares of preferred stock in the market to raise capital at this price.
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Question 2 a. 3 3 Auto Scroll Read Mode Background" Screen Grab Find and As a young graduate, you have plan to buy your dream car in three years time. You believe that the car will cost RM50,000 at that time. You have two sources of money to reach your goal of RM50,000. First, you will save money for the next three years in a money market fund that will give return of 8% annually. You plan to invest RM5,000 annually to this fund. You will make yearly investments at the BEGINNING of the year. The second source of money will be getting a car loan on the day you buy the car. You anticipate the car dealer to charge you 6% per annum for the loan with monthly compounding for a term of 60 months. To buy your dream car, what monthly car payment will you anticipate? Assume the first payment will be made one month after the car is purchased. [6 marks] Activate Wir MD148% - b. C. Auto Scroll Read Mode Background" Screen Grab Find and [b marks] In five years time, you plan to pursue your further study on DBA. You know that graduate studies can be expensive and you estimate that it will cost RM50,000 per year for tuition fee and other expenses. These payments will be made at the BEGINNING of the year. To have enough money to attend graduate school, you have decided to start saving TODAY by investing in a money market fund that pays 4% per annum with monthly compounding. You will make monthly deposits into the account starting TODAY for the next five years. How much will you need to deposit each month to have enough money for graduate school? (Assume that money that is not withdrawn remains in the account during graduate school and the DBA will take three years to complete) HB 00 [6 marks] Activate Win If you can earn 5% (compounded annually) on an investment, how long does it take for your money to triple? Go to Settings fo 回访口 148% + PDF to Word PDF to Picture C. d. 0 Annotate DOD00 Rotate 0 00- H Auto Scroll Read Mode Background" Screen Grab Find and [6 marks] If you can earn 5% (compounded annually) on an investment, how long does it take for your money to triple? [4 marks] You are offered a security that will pay you RM2,500 at the end of the year forever. If your discount rate is 8%, what is the most you are willing to pay for this security? [4 marks] [TOTAL: 20 MARKS]
To buy the dream car, the anticipated monthly car payment will be RM861.45.
Calculate the future value of savings in the money market fund.
Annual investment = RM5,000
Number of years = 3
Interest rate = 8% compounded annually
Using the future value formula: FV = P(1 + r)^n
FV = RM5,000 * (1 + 0.08)^3 = RM6,120
Determine the loan amount needed to reach the goal.
Dream car cost = RM50,000
Savings in the money market fund = RM6,120
Loan amount needed = RM50,000 - RM6,120 = RM43,880
Calculate the monthly car payment.
Loan term = 60 months
Interest rate = 6% per annum with monthly compounding
Using the loan repayment formula: PMT = (r * PV) / (1 - (1 + r)^-n)
Where PMT is the monthly payment, r is the monthly interest rate, PV is the loan amount, and n is the number of months.
Monthly interest rate = 6% / 12 = 0.005
PMT = (0.005 * RM43,880) / (1 - (1 + 0.005)^-60) ≈ RM861.45
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P13–21 AGENCY COSTS AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE Galaxy Enterprises has earnings before interest and taxes of $9 million and $90 million of debt outstanding with a required rate of return of 7.3%. The required rate of return on assets in the industry is 12%. The corporate tax rate is 21%, but there are no personal taxes. The present value of Galaxy’s bankruptcy costs is $18 million. Compute Galaxy’s firm value.
Galaxy Enterprises' firm value is approximately $41.25 million.
To compute Galaxy Enterprises' firm value, we can use the formula for the firm's value:
Firm value = EBIT * (1 - Tax rate) / Required rate of return on assets
Given information:
EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) = $9 million
Debt outstanding = $90 million
Required rate of return = 7.3%
Required rate of return on assets in the industry = 12%
Corporate tax rate = 21%
Present value of bankruptcy costs = $18 million
First, let's calculate the after-tax earnings by subtracting the taxes from EBIT:
After-tax earnings = EBIT * (1 - Tax rate)
After-tax earnings = $9 million * (1 - 0.21)
After-tax earnings = $9 million * 0.79
After-tax earnings = $7.11 million
Next, let's calculate the firm value using the formula mentioned above:
Firm value = After-tax earnings / Required rate of return on assets
Firm value = $7.11 million / 0.12
Firm value = $59.25 million
However, we also need to consider the effect of debt on the firm value. The present value of bankruptcy costs needs to be subtracted from the firm value:
Adjusted firm value = Firm value - Present value of bankruptcy costs
Adjusted firm value = $59.25 million - $18 million
Adjusted firm value = $41.25 million
Therefore, Galaxy Enterprises' firm value is approximately $41.25 million.
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The Fresh Connection is considering options for distribution of juice products into additional regions. They are comparing two possible locations for setting up distribution centers. The costs associated with the two locations are provided in the table below. At what level of demand would they be indifferent between the two locations?
All other information would be the same for both locations. Round your final answer to two (2) decimal places.
Location 1
Location 2
Annual Fixed Overhead
$119,068
$203,018
Annual Labor Cost
$235,000
$309,357
Per Unit Shipping Cost
$8.58
$1.26
Per Unit Cost of Labor
$6.48
$1.56
The level of demand at which the Fresh Connection would be indifferent between the two locations will be 6,854.58 units.
For Location 1:
Total Cost at Location 1 = Annual Fixed Overhead + (Per Unit Shipping Cost + Per Unit Cost of Labor) * q
Total Cost at Location 1 = $119,068 + ($8.58 + $6.48) * q
Total Cost at Location 1 = $119,068 + $15.06q
For Location 2:
Total Cost at Location 2 = Annual Fixed Overhead + (Per Unit Shipping Cost + Per Unit Cost of Labor) * q
Total Cost at Location 2 = $203,018 + ($1.26 + $1.56) * q
Total Cost at Location 2 = $203,018 + $2.82q
To find the level of demand at which the two locations would have equal costs, we set the total costs of both locations equal to each other:
$119,068 + $15.06q = $203,018 + $2.82q
Now, we can solve for q:
$15.06q - $2.82q = $203,018 - $119,068
$12.24q = $83,950
q = $83,950 / $12.24
q ≈ 6,854.58
Therefore, the Fresh Connection would be indifferent between the two locations when the demand level is approximately 6,854.58 units.
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Shannon Company segments its income statement into its North and South Divisions. The company’s overall sales, contribution margin ratio, and net operating income are $760,000, 60%, and $45,600, respectively. The North Division’s contribution margin and contribution margin ratio are $240,000 and 75%, respectively. The South Division’s segment margin is $66,000. The company has $91,200 of common fixed expenses that cannot be traced to either division. Required: Prepare an income statement for Shannon Company that uses the contribution format and is segmented by divisions. (Do not round your intermediate percentage answers and round your final percentage answers to 1 decimal place (i.e. .1234 should be entered as 12.3).) Divisions Total Company North South Amount % Amount % Amount % Sales $ 760,000 $ 320,000 $ 440,000 Variable expenses 304,000 80,000 224,000 Contribution margin 456,000 0.0 240,000 0.0 216,000 0.0 Traceable fixed expenses 319,200 169,200 150,000 Territorial segment margin 136,800 0.0 $ 70,800 0.0 $ 66,000 0.0 Common fixed expenses 91,200 Net operating income $ 45,600 0.0 sheet is drawn here
The solution is as follows: Shanon Company Income statementSegments Total Company North Division South Division Sales $760,000 $320,000 $440,000 Variable expenses 304,000 80,000 224,000 Contribution margin $456,000 $240,000 $216,000 Contribution Margin Ratio 60% 75% 49.09% Fixed expenses.
Traceable fixed expenses 319,200 169,200 150,000 Segment Margin $136,800 $70,800 $66,000 Segment Margin Ratio 18% 22.13% 15% Common fixed expenses 91,200 Net operating income $45,600From the given data, we can calculate the contribution margin of the North Division by using the contribution margin ratio.
North Division contribution margin
= Contribution Margin Ratio × North Division sales$240,000
= 75% × North Division salesNorth Division sales
= $320,000Similarly, we can calculate the total contribution margin of the company by subtracting the variable expenses from sales.
Therefore, the correct answer is: Total Company North Division South Division Sales $760,000 $320,000 $440,000 Variable expenses 304,000 80,000 224,000 Contribution margin $456,000 $240,000 $216,000 Contribution Margin Ratio 60% 75% 49.09% Fixed expenses: Traceable fixed expenses 319,200 169,200 150,000 Segment Margin $136,800 $70,800 $66,000 Segment Margin Ratio 18% 22.13% 15% Common fixed expenses 91,200 Net operating income $45,600
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Which of the following does NOT encourage centralized
decision-making in subsidiaries operations?
Select one:
a.
Much international experience
b.
Strong volume-to-unit-cost ratio
c.
Low product
Centralized decision-making in subsidiary operations refers to a management style in which the head office exercises most of the authority over local or subsidiary units. Centralization can also be interpreted to mean that a centralized authority can provide better supervision over the operation to achieve set goals and objectives.
In the context of multinational corporations, subsidiaries are branches, divisions, or independent entities operating in various countries that are subordinate to a central parent organization. The goal is to ensure a consistent approach to operations and management. The following does NOT encourage centralized decision-making in subsidiaries operations: Low product.
Low product does NOT encourage centralized decision-making in subsidiary operations. The management style in which the head office exercises most of the authority over local or subsidiary units is called centralized decision-making. Centralization means that the centralized authority provides better supervision over the operation to achieve predetermined goals and objectives. In the context of multinational corporations, subsidiaries are branches, divisions, or independent entities operating in various countries that are subordinate to a central parent organization.
Centralization is intended to ensure a consistent approach to operations and management. Much international experience and a strong volume-to-unit-cost ratio both encourage centralized decision-making in subsidiary operations. These are the other two alternatives that encourage centralized decision-making in subsidiary operations.
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Nash Company purchased, on January 1, 2020, as an available-for-sale security, $72,000 of the 7%, 5-year bonds of Chester Corporation for $66,399, which provides an 9% return.
Prepare Nash’s journal entries for (a) the purchase of the investment, (b) the receipt of annual interest and discount amortization, and (c) the year-end fair value adjustment.
1. On January 1, 2020, Nash Company purchased $72,000 of Chester Corporation bonds for $66,399, recording it as an available-for-sale security.
2. On December 31, 2020, Nash Company received annual interest and discount amortization for the bonds, recording the cash received and recognizing interest income.
3. At year-end, a fair value adjustment is made to reflect the market value of the available-for-sale securities, recording any unrealized gain or loss.
How to prepare journal entries for Nash Company's available-for-sale securities?(a) The journal entry for the purchase of the investment would be as follows:
Date: January 1, 2020
Debit: Available-for-Sale Securities (Investment) - $66,399
Credit: Cash - $66,399
Explanation: Nash Company debits the available-for-sale securities account to record the cost of purchasing the bonds of Chester Corporation. Cash is credited as it is the method of payment for the investment.
(b) The journal entry for the receipt of annual interest and discount amortization would be as follows:
Date: December 31, 2020 (assuming interest is paid annually)
Debit: Cash (Interest Received) - [Amount of Interest Received]
Debit: Discount on Bonds Payable - [Amount of Discount Amortization]
Credit: Interest Income - [Amount of Interest Received]
Explanation: The company recognizes interest income on the available-for-sale security and also amortizes the discount on the bonds payable. Cash is debited for the amount of interest received, and interest income is credited for the same amount. The discount on bonds payable account is debited to reflect the amortization of the discount.
(c) The journal entry for the year-end fair value adjustment would be as follows:
Date: December 31, 2020
Debit: Unrealized Gain/Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities - [Fair Value Adjustment]
Credit: Fair Value Adjustment - Available-for-Sale Securities - [Fair Value Adjustment]
Explanation: At the end of the year, the fair value of the available-for-sale securities is adjusted to reflect the market value. The difference between the fair value and the carrying value (cost) of the investment is recorded as an unrealized gain or loss. The unrealized gain/loss account is debited or credited, depending on whether there is a gain or loss, and the fair value adjustment account is credited or debited accordingly.
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Konkuk Foundation (KF) began operations on January 1st 2021, the first day of its fiscal year with the assets, liability and net asset balances shown in the following table. Record the eight transactions (1-8) below on the worksheet provided with the exam.
Account Beginning Balance
Cash $25,000
Grants Receivable 2,000
Inventory 2,000
Unrestricted Net Assets 50,000
Pledges Receivable 1,000
Property, plant, and equipment 25,000
Wages Payable $5,000
Be sure to identify the accounts impacted by each transaction and show that the transactions are balanced. You must enter each transaction in the worksheet provided.
1) Took out a $50,000 bank loan. SF also signed a contract with a local car dealer to buy a van for their summer program and gave the dealer a $1,000 deposit. 2) Received $50,000 in contribution pledges and cash contributions from members of the Konkuk community. $25,000 of the contributions were received in cash. KF expects that 20% of the remaining pledges will not be collected. 3) Received a check for $10,000 from the Korea Society. This amount includes the final payment of $2,000 from a grant made by the Korea Society in 2019 as well as new grant for the remainder. 4) Purchased a van for $50,000. The van is expected to have a useful life of 10 years and no residual value. KF uses straight-line depreciation. The van was purchased at the beginning of the year. 5) Purchased $5,000 worth in supplies for the Summer Camp. KF paid 80% of the cost of the supplies in cash. 6) KF paid its employees $30,000 in wages during the fiscal year. Wage expense for the year was $25,000. The payment included the wages payable balance outstanding from fiscal year 2020. 7) By the end of the year, LU used $4,000 worth of supplies to operate their summer camp. 8) Complied with terms of the bank loan, which require KF to pay the bank $1,400. That includes interest for the year at an annual rate of 2% plus a portion of the principal.
40. Prepare a Balance Sheet for KF as of December 31, 2021, the last day of fiscal year, along with a comparative balance sheet for the prior fiscal year, 2020.
41. Prepare an Activity Statement for KF for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021.
42. Prepare a Cash Flow Statement for KF for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021.
Konkuk Foundation (KF) is a non-profit organization that began operations on January 1st, 2021. Here, we will prepare a balance sheet, activity statement, and cash flow statement for KF for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021.
Konkuk Foundation (KF) is a non-profit organization that started operations on January 1st, 2021. In this case, we will prepare a balance sheet, activity statement, and cash flow statement for KF for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021. These statements provide valuable insights into the financial position and performance of the organization.
1. Balance Sheet for KF as of December 31, 2021, along with a comparative balance sheet for the prior fiscal year, 2020:
The balance sheet is a snapshot of the financial position of an organization. It shows the assets, liabilities, and equity of the organization. Below is the balance sheet for KF as of December 31, 2021, along with a comparative balance sheet for the prior fiscal year, 2020.
Balance Sheet for KF as of December 31, 2021:
ASSETS
Cash: $25,000
Grants Receivable: $2,000
Inventory: $2,000
Pledges Receivable: $40,000
Property, Plant, and Equipment: $47,500
Less: Accumulated Depreciation: $5,000
Net Property, Plant, and Equipment: $42,500
Total Assets: $111,500
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities
Wages Payable: $5,000
Bank Loan Payable: $50,000
Total Liabilities: $55,000
Equity
Unrestricted Net Assets: $50,000
Total Equity: $56,500
Total Liabilities and Equity: $111,500
Comparative Balance Sheet for KF for the prior fiscal year, 2020:
ASSETS
Cash: $20,000
Grants Receivable: $2,000
Inventory: $2,000
Pledges Receivable: $30,000
Property, Plant, and Equipment: $25,000
Less: Accumulated Depreciation: $2,500
Net Property, Plant, and Equipment: $22,500
Total Assets: $76,500
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities
Wages Payable: $10,000
Total Liabilities: $10,000
Equity
Unrestricted Net Assets: $66,500
Total Equity: $66,500
Total Liabilities and Equity: $76,500
2. Activity Statement for KF for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021:
An activity statement shows the change in net assets for a given period, including the sources of revenue and the expenses incurred. Below is the activity statement for KF for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021.
Activity Statement for KF for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021:
REVENUE
Contributions and Pledges: $62,500
Grants: $10,000
Total Revenue: $72,500
EXPENSES
Wages: $30,000
Supplies: $5,000
Depreciation: $2,500
Interest Expense: $1,400
Total Expenses: $39,900
Change in Net Assets: $32,600
3. Cash Flow Statement for KF for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021:
A cash flow statement shows the inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalents for a given period. Below is the cash flow statement for KF for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021.
Cash Flow Statement for KF for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021:
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Cash received from contributions and pledges: $50,000
Cash received from grants: $10,000
Cash paid for wages: ($30,000)
Cash paid for supplies: ($4,000)
Cash paid for interest: ($1,400)
Net cash provided by operating activities: $24,600
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of van: ($50,000)
Net cash used in investing activities: ($50,000)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from bank loan: $50,000
Net cash provided by financing activities: $50,000
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS: $24,600
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR: $25,000
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR: $49,600
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Minstrel Manufacturing uses a job order costing system. During one month, Minstrel purchased $203,000 of raw materials on credit; issued materials to production of $200,000 of which $25,000 were indirect. Minstrel incurred a factory payroll of $155,000, of which $35,000 was indirect labor. Minstrel uses a predetermined overhead rate of 150% of direct labor cost. The total manufacturing costs added during the period are: Multiple Choice
$475,000.
$527,500
$500,000.
$562,500
$587,500
To calculate the total manufacturing costs added during the period, we need to determine the direct labor cost and the overhead cost.
Direct labor cost:
Direct labor cost is the portion of the factory payroll that can be directly attributed to the production of goods. In this case, the direct labor cost is $155,000 - $35,000 (indirect labor) = $120,000.
Overhead cost:
The predetermined overhead rate is 150% of direct labor cost. Therefore, the overhead cost is 150% of $120,000 = $180,000.
Total manufacturing costs added during the period:
The total manufacturing costs added during the period is the sum of raw materials issued to production, direct labor cost, and overhead cost.
Total manufacturing costs = Raw materials issued + Direct labor cost + Overhead cost
Total manufacturing costs = $200,000 (raw materials issued) + $120,000 (direct labor cost) + $180,000 (overhead cost)
Total manufacturing costs = $500,000
Therefore, the correct answer is option c. $500,000.
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2. You should always know what the null and alternative hypotheses are. A. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for the t-test about a coefficient? B. What are the null and alternative hypothe
A t-test is a statistical test used to determine whether two groups of data are significantly different from each other. One of the most common uses of t-tests is in regression analysis, where they are used to test the statistical significance of the coefficients in the regression equation.
The null hypothesis for a t-test about a coefficient is that the coefficient is equal to zero, while the alternative hypothesis is that the coefficient is not equal to zero.The null hypothesis (H0) for a t-test about a coefficient is that the coefficient is equal to zero. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is that the coefficient is not equal to zero.
This test is usually used to determine if there is a statistically significant relationship between two variables, where the coefficient represents the strength and direction of that relationship. If the null hypothesis is rejected, it means that the coefficient is significantly different from zero, and there is a relationship between the variables being tested.
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A flexible budget is prepared before the master budget. True / False
The statement A flexible budget is prepared before the master budget is False statement.
A flexible budget is not prepared before the master budget. In fact, the flexible budget is prepared after the master budget. The master budget is typically prepared at the beginning of the budgeting period and outlines the company's overall financial plan, including the projected sales, expenses, and profit targets. It sets the initial framework for the budgeting process.
Once the master budget is established, a flexible budget can be created to adjust the original budgeted amounts based on the actual level of activity or production achieved during the budget period. The flexible budget allows for flexibility in adjusting the budgeted figures to reflect the actual performance and helps in evaluating the company's performance against the original budget.
The correct statement is that a flexible budget is prepared after the master budget.
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The following are primary purchasers of preferred stock except:
a. Corporate investors,
b. Insurance companies,
c. Pension funds,
d. Individual investors.
The primary purchasers of preferred stock include corporate investors, insurance companies, pension funds, and individual investors. Therefore, none of the options mentioned in the question are excluded as primary purchasers of preferred stock. Option(d)
Preferred stock is a type of equity security that represents ownership in a company, but typically has preferential rights and privileges over common stock. It often pays a fixed dividend and has a higher claim on company assets compared to common stock. Corporate investors, insurance companies, pension funds, and individual investors are all potential buyers of preferred stock. Each of these entities may have different investment strategies and preferences based on their specific needs and objectives. Therefore, there are no exclusions among the options provided; all of them can be primary purchasers of preferred stock.
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Explain how the operations department of Samsung would rely on purchasing and supply management.
For the efficient and effective procurement of the materials, components, and services required for the production and operation of their products, Samsung's operations department relies on purchasing and supply management.
The timely availability of the raw materials, components, and services required for manufacturing is ensured by purchasing and supply management. It forges connections with dependable suppliers, strikes advantageous deals and oversees the procurement procedures. A key factor in ensuring efficient production processes is purchasing and supply management which optimizes inventory levels while reducing costs and upholding quality standards.
By locating cutting edge parts and technologies, it also aids in the development of new products. The success of Samsung's operations as a whole depends on effective cooperation between the purchasing and supply management department and the operations department.
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which of the following statements is true of a monopolist? a. a monopoly faces the same pressures to cut costs as a competitive firm does. b. a monopoly is protected from competition by barriers to entry. c. a monopoly faces the same pressures to innovate as a competitive firm does. d. a monopoly must use the most efficient technology or firms that do will drive it out of business.
The correct statement about a monopolist is- a monopoly is protected from competition by barriers to entry. The correct answer is option b.
A monopoly refers to a market structure where there is a single seller or producer of a good or service, and there are no close substitutes available.
In such a situation, the monopolist has the power to control the market, set prices, and restrict competition. Barriers to entry play a crucial role in maintaining a monopoly.
These barriers can include legal restrictions, high start-up costs, control over key resources, network effects, patents, or exclusive rights.
By creating obstacles for potential competitors to enter the market, a monopoly can maintain its dominant position and prevent the entry of new firms that could potentially challenge its market power.
The correct answer is option b.
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You have been asked to come in and train a group of employees
in an actual classroom environment with a training focus of
one of the following broad
topics: safety on the factory floor
customer se
As a trainer, your primary responsibility is to ensure that your trainees receive the maximum benefit from the training. This is achieved through effective classroom training that is both engaging and informative.
If you have been asked to train a group of employees on safety on the factory floor or customer service, here are some tips that can help you deliver the training effectively:
1. Set Clear Goals and Objectives
Before you begin the training session, it is essential to establish clear goals and objectives that you would like to achieve. This will ensure that you cover all the necessary topics and that your trainees understand the purpose of the training.
2. Engage the Trainees
Training is most effective when trainees are engaged and actively participating. This can be achieved by asking questions, encouraging discussions, and providing hands-on training wherever possible. Use real-life examples to illustrate key points and emphasize the importance of safety and good customer service practices.
3. Provide Clear Instructions
It is essential to provide clear instructions on how to perform tasks safely and effectively. This can include demonstrating how to use safety equipment or providing step-by-step instructions on how to handle customer complaints. Make sure that your instructions are clear and concise and that your trainees understand them.
4. Assess Learning
As a trainer, you need to assess your trainees' understanding of the material covered. This can be done through quizzes, assessments, or even role-playing exercises. Feedback is also essential as it provides an opportunity to reinforce key points and address any areas of concern.
In conclusion, classroom training is an excellent way to deliver training on safety on the factory floor or customer service. By setting clear goals and objectives, engaging trainees, providing clear instructions, and assessing learning, you can ensure that your trainees receive the maximum benefit from the training.
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HOW TO CALCULATE THE TAXES
FERGUSON JAMES HAS A TOTAL EARNINGS OF $ 2,250. and he is
married with 5 withholdings, how much will be the OASDI, HI,FIT,
SIT, SUTA, CIT?
The tax professional or relevant tax authorities will have the necessary information to calculate the taxes accurately based on his earnings, marital status, and withholdings.
To calculate the taxes for Ferguson James based on the given information, we need to know the tax rates and deductions applicable in his jurisdiction. Tax rates and deductions can vary depending on the country, state, and local tax laws.
Since you haven't specified the jurisdiction or provided any tax rates or deductions, I won't be able to provide the exact tax amounts for OASDI (Social Security), HI (Medicare), FIT (Federal Income Tax), SIT (State Income Tax), SUTA (State Unemployment Tax), and CIT (City Income Tax). These taxes are typically calculated based on various factors such as income level, filing status, deductions, and exemptions.
To determine the specific tax amounts for Ferguson James, it is recommended to consult a tax professional or refer to the tax laws and regulations applicable to his jurisdiction.
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Two firms produce close substitute products. They face interdependent demand curves,
q₁ =10-2p₁+p, for firm 1, and
q2= 10-2p₂ + P₁ for firm 2
The firms have identical cost functions, c(q) = 4q1+ F and c(q₂) = 4q, -F. Derive equilibrium prices and quantities under Bertrand price competition.
The equilibrium prices and quantities under Bertrand price competition in this scenario are p₁ = p₂ = 4 and q₁ = q₂ = 3.
In Bertrand price competition, firms simultaneously set prices for their products and compete to capture the market share. The equilibrium is reached when both firms set prices equal to their marginal costs.
To find the equilibrium prices and quantities, we start by differentiating the cost functions with respect to their respective quantities:
For firm 1:
MC₁ = ∂c(q₁)/∂q₁ = 4
For firm 2:
MC₂ = ∂c(q₂)/∂q₂ = 4
Setting the marginal costs equal to prices (MC₁ = p₁ and MC₂ = p₂), we have:
p₁ = 4
p₂ = 4
Substituting these price values into the demand functions, we can solve for the equilibrium quantities:
q₁ = 10 - 2p₁ + p₂
q₁ = 10 - 2(4) + 4
q₁ = 3
q₂ = 10 - 2p₂ + p₁
q₂ = 10 - 2(4) + 4
q₂ = 3
Therefore, the equilibrium prices are p₁ = p₂ = 4, and the equilibrium quantities are q₁ = q₂ = 3.
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Mushroom Inc. has a net profit margin of 12%, an equity multiplier of 2, sales of RM575,000 and a ROE of 14.5%. What is Mushroom's total asset turnover?
Company X had sales of RM120 and its cost of goods sold is 25% of sales. In addition, X had total other operating expenses of RM50. The company also incurs a 10 percent interest expense on its RM200 debt if the company's tax rate is 40% what is X's net income?
The total asset turnover for Mushroom Inc. is 2.42.The net income for Company X is RM0.
Mushroom Inc. has a net profit margin of 12%, an equity multiplier of 2, sales of RM57 5,000 and a ROE of 14.5%. To find Mushroom's total asset turnover, we can use the formula:
ROE = Net Profit Margin × Total Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier ROE = (Net Income/Sales) × (Sales/Total Assets) × (Total Assets/Total Equity) ROE = (Net Income/Total Equity Net Profit Margin = Net Income/Sales 14.5% = Net Income/Sales 12% = Net Income/Sales / (Total Assets/Total Equity) 2 = Total Assets/Total Equity Total Asset Turnover = Sales/Total Assets Total Asset Turnover = Sales/Total Assets = [ROE × Equity Multiplier]/Net Profit Margin = [14.5% × 2]/12% = 2.42. Therefore, the total asset turnover for Mushroom Inc. is 2.42.
Company X had sales of RM120 and its cost of goods sold is 25% of sales. In addition, X had total other operating expenses of RM50. The company also incurs a 10 percent interest expense on its RM200 debt. If the company's tax rate is 40% the net income for Company X can be found as follows:
Gross Profit = Sales – Cost of goods sold Gross Profit = RM120 – 0.25 × RM120 = RM90 Operating Income = Gross Profit – Total Operating Expenses Operating Income = RM90 – RM50 = RM40 EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) = Operating Income – Interest Expense EBIT = RM40 – 0.1 × RM200 = RM20 Taxable Income = EBIT – Interest Expense Taxable Income = RM20 – RM20 = RM0 Net Income = Taxable Income × (1 – Tax Rate) Net Income = RM0 × (1 – 40%) = RM0 × 0.6 = RM0. Therefore, the net income for Company X is RM0.
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Year Nominal GDP Real GDP GDP Deflator
2016 200 200 100
2017 400 400 100
2018 800 400 200
A. Compute the percentage change in nominal GDP, real GDP, and GDP deflator in 2017 and 2018 from the preceding year.
B. For each year, identify the variable that does not change. Explain why your answer makes sense.
Percentage change = (New value - Old value) / Old value × 100
For 2017:
Percentage change in nominal GDP = (400 - 200) / 200 × 100 = 100%
Percentage change in real GDP = (400 - 200) / 200 × 100 = 100%
Percentage change in GDP deflator = (100 - 100) / 100 × 100 = 0%
For 2018:
Percentage change in nominal GDP = (800 - 400) / 400 × 100 = 100%
Percentage change in real GDP = (400 - 400) / 400 × 100 = 0%
Percentage change in GDP deflator = (200 - 100) / 100 × 100 = 100%
For each year, the variable that does not change is GDP deflator.
The GDP deflator is calculated as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP multiplied by 100. it remains constant at 100 in 2016 and 2017. In 2018, the GDP deflator increases to 200, indicating an increase in the overall price level in the economy.
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6. Given below are three lists of industries, costing methods, and cost unit. Mention the method of costing and cost units applicable against each of the industries :- Industry Method Cost unit (i) Ad
Here is the classification of the industries, costing methods, and cost units:
(i) Advertising
Method: Job
Cost unit: Piece
(ii) Biscuit
Method: Process
Cost unit: Kilogram
(iii) Cycle
Method: Multiple
Cost unit: Each
(iv) Hospital
Method: Operating
Cost unit: Bed-week
(v) Road transport
Method: Contract
Cost unit: Tonne - kilometre
(vi) Cigarettes
Method: Output
Cost unit: Each
(vii) Car engine
Method: Job
Cost unit: Each contract
(viii) Coal
Method: Multiple
Cost unit: Tonne-kilogram
Please note that the cost units and methods of costing can vary depending on the specific context and practices of each industry.
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Complete question is given below :
Given below are three lists or industries, costing methods, and cost unit. Mention the method of costing and cost units applicable against each of the industries :-
Industry :
(i) Advertising, (ii) Building, (iii) Biscuit, (iv) Cycle, (v) Hospital, (vi) Road transport, (vii) Cigarettes, (viii) Car engine, (ix) Coal
Method :
A. Job, B. Process, C. Operating, D. Multiple, E. Contract, F. Output
Cost Units :
a) Piece, b) Kilogram, c) Ton, d) Tonne - kilometre, e) Bed-week, f) Each Job, g) Each contract
A work breakdown structure can BEST be thought of as an effective aid for __________ communication.
A. Teaching the project
B. My instructor
C. Goods
D. Stakeholder
A work breakdown structure can BEST be thought of as an effective aid for D) Stakeholder communication.
A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a project management tool that breaks down a large project into manageable smaller components or parts called work packages. Work packages are easier to plan, organize, execute, track and report than large projects. Stakeholders who are involved in a project may include employees, customers, sponsors, suppliers, and regulatory bodies.
Stakeholder communication is a project management function that involves developing, managing, and disseminating project information to the stakeholders throughout the project life cycle. This is accomplished by developing a communication plan, which outlines the type, frequency, format, and content of the project information to be shared with stakeholders
The following are the benefits of using WBS as an aid for stakeholder communication: WBS makes it easy for stakeholders to understand the project scope, objectives, and deliverables.WBS provides a common language for stakeholders, which facilitates effective communication among them.WBS helps stakeholders to know the progress of the project, the project status, and the milestones achieved. This helps stakeholders to identify issues early, take corrective action, and avoid project delays.
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Exercise 7-15 Dishonoring a note LO P4 Following are transactions for Ridge Company. Mar. 21 Accepted a $12,400, 180-day, 7% note from Tamara Jackson in granting a time extension on her past-due account receivable. Sept. 17 Jackson dishonored her note. Dec. 31 After trying several times to collect, Ridge Company wrote off Jackson's account against the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Complete the table to calculate the interest amounts at September 17 and use the calculated value to prepare your journal entries. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to nearest whole dollar. Use 360 days a year.) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Interest Amounts General Journal Complete the table to calculate the interest amounts at September 17. Total Through Maturity Principal Rate (%) Time Total interest Journal entry worksheet < 1 2 3 Accepted a $12,400, 180-day, 7% note from Tamara Jackson in granting a time extension on her past-due account receivable. Note: Enter debits before credits. Date Mar 21 General Journal Debit Credit > Journal entry worksheet < 1 2 3 Jackson dishonored her note. Date Sept 17 Note: Enter debits before credits. General Journal Debit Credit Journal entry worksheet < 1 2 3 After trying several times to collect, Ridge Company wrote off Jackson's account against the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Note: Enter debits before credits. Date Dec 31 General Journal Debit Credit
Ridge Company incurred interest expenses due to the dishonoring of a note by Tamara Jackson. The interest amounts need to be calculated for the specific dates involved in the transactions.
What are the interest amounts incurred by Ridge Company for the dishonored note?To calculate the interest amounts at September 17, we need to determine the time from March 21 to September 17, which is 180 days.
Ridge Company accepted a $12,400, 180-day, 7% note from Tamara Jackson on March 21, granting a time extension for her past-due account receivable.
Using the formula: Interest = Principal × Rate × Time, the interest amount at September 17 would be $12,400 × 0.07 × (180/360) = $434.
In the journal entry for September 17, the dishonoring of the note would be recorded as a debit to Accounts Receivable and a credit to Notes Receivable.
Note: The given question mentions a table, but without the specific information provided in the table, it's not possible to provide a detailed breakdown of the calculations for each step.
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