Nondisjunction occurs when members of a chromosome pair fail to separate.
In the field of biology, nondisjunction can be described as a disorder in which the homologous chromosomes do not separate from each other during the cell division process.
As a result of nondisjunction, one of the daughter cells will have both pairs of chromosomes. This means that it will have an extra chromosome. On the other hand, the other daughter cell will not have any of the homologous chromosomes hence decreasing the number of entire chromosomes in the cell.
The process of nondisjunction can lead to severe diseases and syndromes in the newborn child.
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In the previous question a heterozygous three toed dragon mated with a heterozygous three toes male. What is the probability that their offspring will have three toes?
Question 14 options:
25%
50%
75%
A heterozygous male three-toed dragon and a heterozygous female three-toed dragon mated. Any offspring of parents who are heterozygous have a 75% probability of being born with three toes.
A dominant allele has a 75% chance of being inherited by the offspring if both parents are heterozygous and afflicted. To find all potential genotypic pairings in the parents, utilize a Punnett square. There are a few crucial differences in a pedigree that shows a dominantly inherited characteristic.
A mating experiment between two organisms equally hybrid for two traits is referred to as a dihybrid cross. A heterozygous organism is one that possesses two distinct alleles at a certain genetic location, making it a hybrid. The traditional Mendelian ratio for a dihybrid cross in which the alleles of two different genes assort independently into gametes is 9:3:3:1, and it can be used to predict the phenotypic ratio.
As a result, we may state that there is a 75% chance that any offspring of heterozygous parents (WW) will have three toes.
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Define oligopotent, multipotent, totipotent, and pluripotent cells are
Modern evidence suggests that Homo sapiens mated with members of this other species of hominin. which is shorter than Homo sapiens, has a larger brain, and originated in Europe a. Australopithecus afarensis b. Pan troglodytes c. Homo erech d. Homo neanderthalensi
Homo neanderthalensis, which evolved in Europe, was shorter than Homo sapiens and had a larger brain.
What existed before to Homosapien?Homo heidelbergensis gave rise to Homo sapiens in Africa. They shared the planet with Neanderthals for a considerable amount of time in Europe and the Middle East, and maybe with Homo erectus in Asia and Homo floresiensis in Indonesia. However, they are now the only living human species.
Which subspecies of humans has the biggest brains?Neanderthal human
The human brain has grown in size over the course of human evolution (see Homininae), from approximately 600 cm3 in Homo habilis to 1680 cm3 in Homo neanderthalensis, the hominid with the largest brain.
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Which statement best explains the function of the vesicles?
Select one:
O Delivering packaged materials to the Golgi apparatus for protein
synthesis
O Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to
be released out of the cell
O Exchanging genetic information between the Golgi apparatuses
of separate cells
Extracting portions of the Golgi apparatus to be regenerated for
growth within the cell
The statement that best explains the function of vesicles is: (b) Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to be released out of the cell.
Vesicles are the membrane enclosed spherical structures that are involved in the process of transportation. The vesicles transport packaged proteins and lipids from the Golgi body to lysosomes, ER or cell membrane. These vesicles are coated with certain protein that direct the pathway for the transport.
Golgi apparatus is a single membranous cell organelle. It is involved in the packaging, sorting and transport of proteins and lipids. The structure of Golgi is composed of cisternae and vacuoles.
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What is the complementary 3'-5' strand of DNA if the 5'-3' strand is A T G G T A G C T A A C C T T?
Answer:
T A C C A T C G A T T G G A A
Explanation:
"A" pairs with "T", and "C" pairs with "G".
Which genotypes are possible from a cross of parents with the genotypes dd x dd?.
The genotypes possible from cross of parents with genotypes dd×dd will be dd and dd.
Genotype may be defined as the biological constituent of a living being or the genes which combine to form an organism. The genotype determines all the properties of the loving organism including its appearance, color and all other hereditary features as well. Any organism that is produced due to sexual interaction between parents will have both the genes coming from the parent. The cross formation of genotypes can be explained with the help of dihybrid cross. It says that since each parent has four different combinations in the gametes so there are 16 possibilities for the cross. In the question the cross is between dd×dd. So if we take one gene from each parent then the genotype will be dd and dd which is the required genotype.
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True or false: Cells in dermal tissue produce the cuticle.
Answer:
yessss, it isss trueee!
PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
which of the following describes the normal function of the p53 gene product?
a. It allows colls to pass on mutations due to DNA damage
b. It inhibits the cell cycle
c. It causes cells to reduce expression of genes involved in DNA repair
d. It slows down the rate of DNA replication by interfering with the binding of DNA polymerase.
b. It inhibits the cell cycle
p53 gene product inhibits the cell cycle for preventing replication of damaged DNA. Main function of p53 gene product are: growth arrest by inhibiting cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis (cell death). That means p53 gene product arrest the growth of cell cycle when there is any damaged DNA.
A regulatory protein called p53 that is often mutated in human malignancies is also known as tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53). The p53 proteins, which were once believed to be a single protein and are sometimes referred to as such, are essential in vertebrates because they inhibit the development of cancer. As a result of its function in preserving stability by guarding against genome mutation, p53 has been referred to as "the guardian of the genome." As a result, the gene TP53[note 1] is categorized as a tumor suppressor.
In 1979, the term "p53" was coined to describe the apparent molecular mass; SDS-PAGE examination reveals that the protein is 53 kilodalton (kDa) in size.
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what are the molecular and energy products generated by aerobic respiration? a. molecular: 38 atp and heat, energy: 6co2 and 6h2o b. molecular: 6co2 and 6h2o, energy: 38 atp and heat c. molecular: 2 atp, energy: 6o2 and 6h2o d. molecular: 6h2o, energy: heat
The molecular and energy products generated by aerobic respiration would be [tex]6CO_{2}[/tex], 6[tex]H_{2}O[/tex], an energy of 38 ATP and heat.
So, the correct option is B.
Adenosine triphosphate, a chemical compound that provides energy, is produced as a result of a series of enzyme-controlled chemical reactions in which oxygen reacts with glucose to produce carbon dioxide and water. When oxygen and glucose are combined during aerobic cellular respiration, ATP is created that the cell can use. There are byproducts of carbon dioxide and water. Cellular respiration is an aerobic process in which glucose and oxygen combine to create ATP.
In the second and third stages of the aerobic energy system, the breakdown of glucose that was begun by aerobic glycolysis is continued, producing the byproducts carbon dioxide and water, as well as the synthesis of additional ATP.
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Earth has several nutrient cycles that share similarities, but also differ. Connect each feature of a cycle that relates to the phosphorus, nitrogen, or carbon cycle. You may use cycles, and the features of the cycles, more than one time each.
Excess present in fertilizers can upset the balance of the cycle---- Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles.
Mostly in a form unusable by organisms--- nitrogen
Present in soil and organisms ---- carbon and nitrogen
Involved in respiration---- carbon
Fixed by bacteria from the atmosphere----- nitrogen
Often deposited on the ocean floor--- phosphorus
Excess present in the atmosphere can upset the balance of the cycle--- carbon.
How are the phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon cycles interconnected?Every living organism is made up of atoms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nitrogen and carbon are present in amino acids which are responsible for making proteins. Phosphates form DNA and ATP molecules. The availability of these elements has great importance to the existence of living things.
Nitrogen Cycle is a process in which nitrogen is converted into other forms that are passing from the atmosphere to the soil, then to organisms, and back into the atmosphere. It has several processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, etc.
The carbon Cycle is a process of circulation of carbon through biotic and abiotic parts of the ecosystem. It is a type of gaseous cycle. Phosphorus Cycle is a process of circulation of phosphorus through biotic and abiotic parts of the ecosystem. It is considered a sedimentary cycle.
So we can conclude that the phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon cycles are interconnected to each other because they are important for the survival of the organism.
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Where are the collateral ganglia?
The collateral ganglia are found in abdominal aorta.
What are collateral ganglia?
The prevertebral ganglia, also known as collateral ganglia, are located anterior to the vertebral column and receive input from central sympathetic neurons as well as splanchnic nerves. They are regarded as a component of the enteric nervous system and are connected to the control of abdominal organs.
The sympathetic ganglia known as collateral ganglia, sometimes known as prevertebral ganglia, are located in between the sympathetic chain and the organ of supply. The preganglionic sympathetic fibers that supply the viscera in the abdomen and pelvis relay at this location.
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infant rats deprived of their mothers' grooming touch produce less growth hormone and have a higher metabolic rate. more growth hormone and have a lower metabolic rate. less growth hormone and have a lower metabolic rate. more growth hormone and have a higher metabolic rate.
Infant rats deprived of their mothers' grooming touch produce less growth hormone and have a lower metabolic rate (Option C).
What is emotional behavior?The expression emotional behavior makes reference to the way in which affective issues alter the behavior in humans and also in animals, which in this case is associated with physiological changes such as low hormone production and metabolic rate.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that emotional behavior may produce changes in the physiological conditions not only in humans but also in animals as in this case in rats.
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in the carbohydrate-insulin model, what is the primary cause of obesity?
The cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall as the cell loses water and shrivels during.
Answer: plasmolysis
Explanation:n a hypertonic solution, a cell with a cell wall will lose water too
Chromosome arm exchange during meiosis is precise- if exchange occurs within a gene no bases will be added or lost. How can this happen?.
The exchange within gene while no bases are added and lost will occur through recombination.
How this happen during recombination?Recombination happens when two DNA molecules swap genetic material with one another. Meiosis is one of the most prominent examples of recombination. This is also called as crossing over.
The homologous chromosomes of the cell line up very closely to one another when recombination takes place during meiosis (specifically in prophase I ). Then, in the same place on each chromosome, the DNA strand breaks, producing two free ends. A connection known as a chiasma is formed when either end crosses over onto the opposite chromosome. The crossing-over process finally comes to an end as prophase I ends and metaphase I starts, and then the homologous chromosomes get ready to split.
As a result of recombination, each chromosome carries fresh, distinct allele combinations.
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the indicated organ is the which contains a high concentration of lymphatic nodules that control the bacteria entering the large intestine by immune responses
The mucosa that lines the ileum of the small intestine develops into Peyer's patches, which are collections of lymphatic nodules. They are crucial in protecting the gastrointestinal system from the numerous infections that enter there.
What kind of cell makes up the majority of the lymphatic system?The lymph node's lymphatic endothelial cell region is where macrophages are mainly found. They can be divided into two subpopulations, the subcapsular sinus macrophages (SSM) and the medullary sinus macrophages, depending on where they are in relation to one another along the lymph node lymphatic network.
In the neck, groyne, and armpits, where the major lymphatic vessel junctions are concentrated, they are most frequently found. The capsule and the cortex are the two main compartments that make up each lymph node.
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select all the anticodons that could bind to the codon ucu for serine. choose all that apply. check all that apply 5'-aga-3' 5'-aga-3' 5'-gga-3' 5'-gga-3' 5'-agg-3' 5'-agg-3' 5'-iga-3' 5'-iga-3' 5'-agi-3' 5'-agi-3' 5'-agu-3' 5'-agu-3' 5'-uga-3' 5'-uga-3'
All the anticodons that could bind to the codon ucu for serine are 5'-aga-3' 5'-aga-3' 5'-gga-3' 5'-gga-3' 5'-agg-3' 5'-agg-3' 5' as Wobble Hypothesis given by Francis Harry Compton Crick states that 3rd base of mRNA codon can base pair with 1st base of a tRNA anticodon undergoing non-Watson-Crick.
What is Wobble Hypothesis ?
According to the Wobble Hypothesis the first 2 bases of the mRNA codon form Hydrogen bonds with the corresponding bases on tRNA anticodon in Watson-Crick manner.
Through this, they only form the base pairs with the complimentary bases. However, formation of the Hydrogen bonds between 3rd base on codon and 1st base on anticodon can occur potentially in non-Watson-Crick manner.
Therefore, All the anticodons that could bind to the codon ucu for serine are 5'-aga-3' 5'-aga-3' 5'-gga-3' 5'-gga-3' 5'-agg-3' 5'-agg-3' 5' as Wobble Hypothesis given by Francis Harry Compton Crick states that 3rd base of mRNA codon can base pair with 1st base of a tRNA anticodon undergoing non-Watson-Crick.
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the gram stain of the csf from a patient suffering from headaches, stiff neck, and petechial rash reveals the presence of gram-negative diplococci. a follow-up capsule stain was also positive for the presence of capsules. with which organism is the patient likely infected?
Neisseria meningitis is the patient likely infected with.
Meningococcal disease is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. One in every ten people has these bacteria in the back of their nose and throat without knowing it. This is referred to as being a 'carrier.' Meningococcal disease is caused when bacteria invade the body and cause certain illnesses.
Neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other types of meningococcal disease, including meningococcemia, a potentially fatal sepsis.
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless bodily fluid found within the tissue that surrounds all vertebrates' brain and spinal cord. CSF is produced in the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain by specialized ependymal cells and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations.
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Why is the meaning of trait-level comparisons between cultures not always clear?.
The meaning of trait-level comparisons between cultures not always clear because it may not be true that the same traits can be used to meaningfully describe people from different cultures.
What is culture?Culture is described as an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.
Culture is known to have five basic characteristics which is highlighted below
It is learned, It can be shared,Culture can be based on symbols, Culture can be integrated, and It is no doubt that Culture is dynamic.A cultural trait can be described as a cultural element, whether physical or not, that has been created by a specific culture and then transmitted to people in it by some form of communication. These cultural traits exist as part of a larger system of culture.
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Equation for photosynthesis
Answer:
Photosynthesis is usually represented by the equation 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2. During this process, organisms such as plants go through the light-dependent and light-independent reactions to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen.
is tht wht u mean??
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
What alleles show their effect even if the individual only has one copy of the allele?.
Even if an individual only carries one copy of an allele, dominant alleles still have an effect.
Even if an individual only possesses one copy of an allele, dominant alleles still have an impact. One copy of the "brown eye" allele, for instance, is all that is required to have brown eyes because the "brown eye" allele is dominant (although, with two copies you will still have brown eyes).
One copy of an allele, which might come from just one parent, is called a dominant allele and results in a dominant phenotype in people. Having two copies of a recessive gene, one from each parent, is necessary for a recessive phenotype to develop. The dominant phenotype of a gene is seen in an individual who carries both one dominant and one recessive allele.
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4. what experimental technique was utilized to show that dna replicated by a semiconservative process?
An experimental demonstration of semiconservative DNA replication was provided by the Meselson and Stahl Experiment.
What is Meselson and Stahl Experiment?An experimental demonstration of semiconservative DNA replication was provided by the Meselson and Stahl Experiment. In order to explore DNA replication, Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl carried out an experiment on the fast-diverging E. coli in 1958.In 1958, Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl performed an experiment on the rapidly diverging E. coli to investigate DNA replication. CsCl density gradient centrifugation was the method employed by Meselson and Stahl to explore semiconservative replication of DNA.Max Delbrück informed PNAS in May 1958 that the semiconservative method of DNA replication had been discovered by the well-known density labeling studies of Matthew Meselson and Franklin W. Stahl.To learn more about Meselson and Stahl Experiment refer to:
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In a salt solution, what happens to sodium and chloride ions?
A. They stay near the original salt crystal.
B. They become evenly dispersed in the water.
C. They bond with each other, forming a new salt crystal.
D. They bond with each other to form a solvent.
Ions of sodium and chloride are present in a salt solution. In the water, they are uniformly distributed. The Hydrogen atoms combine with the Chloride atoms in a salt solution. With the sodium ions, the oxygen atoms also combine.
Due to electrical charges and the fact that both water and salt molecules are polar, with positive and negative charges on opposite sides of the molecule, salt dissolves in water at the molecular level. The chloride ion is negatively charged, while the sodium ion is positively charged, which is why the bonds in salt compounds are referred to as ionic. A water molecule is also ionic in nature, but the link is covalent because two hydrogen atoms place their positive charges on opposite sides of the oxygen atom, which has a negative charge. Water's covalent bonds are more powerful than salt molecules' ionic bonds, so when salt is combined with water, the salt dissolves.
Thus, we can conclude that a salt solution contains sodium and chloride ions. They are evenly spread out throughout the water.
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Your question is incomplete. Please find the complete question below.
Question: In a salt solution, what happens to sodium and chloride ions?
A. They stay near the original salt crystal
B. They become evenly dispersed in the water
C. They bond w each other, forming a new salt crystal
D. They bond w each other to form a solvent
please help me again i’m even more confused
Answer:
The impact of the codon changing to A has a missense mutation on the protein. The original amino acid was Histidine and mutated into Leucine.
Explanation:
*If you do not know how to use a codon chart you can ask me, just comment it.*
ok, let's first see what a missense mutation actually is.
missense mutation - A changed DNA sequence that changes a amino acid completely from the original amino acid.
The original strand you have to convert it, CTC is CAC that is how it originally is Histidine, the mutated DNA strand is CAC, but converted is CUC which is Leucine.
Hope that helped, if not, I can go in depth. :)
all of the statements are true except: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices breathing is controlled by both voluntary and involuntary mechanisms. stronger or more frequent contraction of respiratory muscles helps to remove excess co2 from the blood. decreasing levels of oxygen in the blood are detected by chemoreceptors in the kidney. chemoreceptors involved in the homeostatic control of breathing are located in the brainstem and the carotid and aortic bodies. as an organism's activity level increases, the level of co2 in the blood will increase and stimulate faster or stronger breathing.
Decreasing levels of oxygen in the blood are detected by chemoreceptors in the kidney.
Chemoreceptors present in carotid bodies and aortic arch detect changes in arterial carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH.
Carotid bodies are more important in intervene the response and provide the principal mechanism by which mammals identifies lowered levels of oxygen. Chemoreceptors detect the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood by keeping count of hydrogen ions in the blood. The decrease in CO2 leads to a decrease in ventilation. Hence, Less CO2 is retained in the lungs, after then CO2 increases and returns to normal.
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Select all that are effectors of angiotensin ii.
a. Hypothalamus
b. Kidneys
c. Blood vessels
Effectors of angiotensin ii. Blood vessels.
Angiotensin is a hormone that helps adjust your blood stress via constricting (narrowing) blood vessels and triggering water and salt (sodium) intake. Hormones are chemical substances that coordinate features in your body by using carrying messages through your blood on your organs, muscle mass and different tissues.
The liver creates and releases a protein known as angiotensinogen. this is then damaged up via renin, an enzyme produced inside the kidney, to form angiotensin I. This shape of the hormone isn't known to have any particular biological feature in itself however, is an essential precursor for angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II (Ang II) increases blood pressure (BP) by some of actions, the maximum critical ones being vasoconstriction, sympathetic anxious stimulation, extended aldosterone biosynthesis and renal movements.
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9) attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. what is the probability of having a child with attached earlobes when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes?
50% is the probability of having a child with attached earlobes when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes.
What ias free earlobes?Earlobes can be categorized as "attached" or "free." Free earlobes droop downward below the point at which attached earlobes are joined to the head.In the population under study, arched earlobes were observed in both sexes in 67.8% of males and females for the left ear and in 74.4% and 72.4% of males and females for the right ear.Earlobes that hang freely is an autosomal dominant feature. This graph illustrates the feature and how it was passed down over three generations in a family. People with the recessive variant of the trait are shown by shading.
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The diagram represents a dihybrid cross between two pea plants that are heterozygous for both seed color and seed shape.
What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
- 1:1:1:1:2:2:2:2:4
-1:3:3:9
-1:4
-4:12
Answer:4:12
Explanation:
This question already provides you with the punnet square, genotypes resulting from the cross, and phenotypes resulting from the cross. Simply count the number of green phenotypes (the green circles), and compare them to the number of yellow phenotypes (yellow circles), and you get 4 green for every 12 yellow.
a body part that is formed of two or more tpyes of body tissue and performs one or more specific functions is called
Answer: it is called an organ.
Explanation: there are different types of organs in your body some are the skeletal organs and muscular organs and so many other organs. it can provide support for your body, creates limitless movement, controls blood movement and digestive system.