Answer:
Because Neutrophils has many other functions like
Neutrophils are the most abundant granulocytes that makeup about 40% of white blood cells and 60% of the immune cells in the blood.Neutrophils are the first responders to infection, and they phagocytose bacteria into phagosomes before hydrolyzing and destroying them.These cells also secrete a range of proteins that have antimicrobial effects as well as tissue remodeling potential.Neutrophils have a short lifespan and thus destroy themselves during the degradation of foreign invaders. New neutrophils are then produced continuously in the bone marrow.The neutrophils of another subpopulation, cager neutrophils, perform a transport function of delivering foreign particles to the target site for the action of killer neutrophils.Like wise Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system that control several types of tumors and microbial infections by limiting their spread and subsequent tissue damage.
the images represent ecosystems in the eastern united states. rank the ecosystems by their ability to remove and store carbon, from greatest to least.
The mangrove forest which holds the most Carbon dioxide followed by forest shown by second image and at last the vegetation on farms holds and releases the least amount of Carbon dioxide.
Carbon is transferred through one storage reservoir to another through a range of mechanisms. Plants, for example, transfer carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the biome via photosynthesis in the food chain. They use solar energy to chemically incorporate carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and oxygen from water to form sugar molecules. Animals that consume plants metabolize the sugar molecules to obtain energy. Respiration, excretion, and decomposition all return carbon to the atmosphere or soil, thus completing the cycle.
Erosion, for example, releases carbon into the atmosphere slowly, whereas volcanic activity releases it quickly. Another way to quickly release carbon into the atmosphere is to burn fossil fuels in automobiles or power plants.
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In our current day, one of the antibiotics used to treat typhoid fever is azithromycin. azithromycin works by binding to the large (50s) ribosomal subunit, inhibiting translation in s. typhi. this mode of action is most similar to which of the following antibiotics?
- Tetracycline
- Quinolones
- Sulfa drugs
- Penicilin
- Vancomycin
Azithromycin inhibits translation in S. Typhi by binding to the large (50S) ribosomal subunit. This mechanism of action is most similar to that of Sulfa drugs.
Sulfa drugs work by binding to and preventing a specific enzyme known as dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). This enzyme is essential for the synthesis of folate, a nutrient. Mammals get their folate from their diet, but bacteria must synthesize it.
Sulfonamides, also known as "sulfa drugs," are a class of antibiotics that treat bacterial infections.
Sulfa drug, also known as sulfonamide, any of a class of synthetic antibiotics with the sulfanilamide molecular structure. Sulfa drugs were among the first chemical compounds that were used systematically to prevent and treat bacterial infections in humans.
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identify 1 thing that you could reasonably and personally commit to doing that could reduce your carbon footprint.
If the first cause in a series of effective causes were to disappear, the subsequent causes would be rendered impossible.
HELP ME! Some organisms like squirrels will give a warning call if a predator is near. Why do squirrels do this if they threaten their own existence?
In order to defend themselves and their homes, squirrels make noise and give a warning call if a predator is near.
Why do squirrels make sound if a predator is near?The squirrel will begin producing warning sounds when the predator is close by and moving toward its territory. It is said that they sound like a sequence of barking calls. These noises may be a buzz, which sounds more like a fast sound coming from the nose. They produce screeches, rattles, barks, or snorts as their alarm calls. These noises are quite faint and hardly audible.
By doing this, the odds of the group surviving can be increased, and danger can be avoided. While alarming the group could put one squirrel in danger, there are benefits to doing so as well.
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which of the following statements provides the most reasonable prediction to account for the deviation from the expected results?
In sweet pea plants, the gene for flower color and the gene for pollen grain shape are genetically linked.
What is gene?Qualities are the essential physical and useful units of heredity. Qualities are made of DNA. A few qualities go about as directions for making particles called proteins. Be that as it may, numerous qualities don't code for proteins. In people, qualities differ in size from a couple hundred DNA bases to north of 2,000,000 bases. A worldwide examination project called the Human Genome Undertaking attempted to arrangement the human genome and recognize the qualities it contains.
Everybody has two duplicates of every quality, each parent acquired individually from Most qualities are a similar in everybody, except a couple of qualities (under 1% of her generally speaking) are marginally not the same as one individual to another. Alleles are types of similar quality with slight contrasts in the arrangement of DNA bases. These little distinctions add to every individual's interesting actual qualities.
In sweet pea plants, the quality for blossom tone and the quality for dust grain shape are hereditarily connected.
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Pain receptor, sensory neuron, spinal cord, motor neuron, & effector muscle.
Which of the above terms would be different if the reflex were a balance reflex? What term would you substitute?
Sensory neuron is responsible for the transport of signal from the receptor to the interneuron which is then connected with the motor neuron.
What term would you substitute?In a reflex arc, the receptors present in the skin receive stimulus and generate afferent impulse. The sensory neuron transmits the impulse to the interneuron. Interneuron is present in the spinal cord and activates it. The interneuron then sends back the impulse through the motor neurons to effectors whcih are present in the muscles for the response. Sensory receptors → sensory neurons → interneurons → motor neurons. Justine took a sip of milk and immediately spat it out because she realized it had soured. The path of the messages is sensory receptors → sensory neurons → interneurons → motor neurons, in her nervous system which cause this reaction. Sensory Receptor is that part of the nervous system that responds to stimuli Sensory Neuron is that type of neuron that carries messages from special receptors to the central nervous systemInterneuron is the type of neuron that connects sensory and motor neurons.Motor Neuron is the type of neuron that carries messages from the central nervous system to effectors.To learn more about neuron refer to:
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the law of states that genes have alternative forms, or alleles. in a organism, the two alleles of a gene separate during and gamete formation; each sperm or egg carries only one allele of each pair. this law explains the ratio of the f2 phenotypes observed when self-pollinate. each organism inherits one allele for each gene from each parent. in individuals, the two alleles are different, and expression of the allele masks the phenotypic effect of the allele. in individuals, the two alleles are identical.target 1 of 12 target 2 of 12 target 3 of 12target 4 of 12target 5 of 12target 6 of 12target 7 of 12target 8 of 12target 9 of 12 the law of states that the pair of alleles for a given gene segregates into gametes independently of the pair of alleles for any other gene. this law explains the ratio of the f2 phenotypes in a cross between .
The law of Segregation states that genes have alternative forms, or alleles. In an organism, the two alleles of a gene separate during and gamete formation; each sperm or egg carries only one allele of each pair. this law explains the ratio of the f2 phenotypes observed monohybrids self-pollinate.
Each organism inherits one allele for each gene from each parent. In heterozygotes, the two alleles are different: expression of the dominant allele masks the phenotypic effect of the recessive allele. Homozygotes have identical alleles of a given gene and are true-breeding.
The law of independent assortment states that the pair of alleles for a given gene segregates into gametes independently of the pair of alleles for any other gene. In a cross between dihybrids (individuals heterozygous for two genes), the offspring have four phenotypes in a 9:3:3:1 ratio.
What are phenotypes?The phenotype is described as the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism which covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties, its behavior, and the products of behavior.
In conclusion, Gregor Mendel formulated a theory of inheritance based on experiments with garden peas. During the experiment, he proposed that parents pass on to their offspring discrete genes that retain their identity through generations. This theory includes two “laws that was described above.
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if a mutation is made within the active site of an enzyme resulting in a decrease in km, which of the following will be true with respect to the enzyme kinetics? The Vmax of the reaction will increase
The concentration of substrate needed to reach ½ Vmax will not change
The enzyme will require a higher substrate concentration to reach ½ Vmax
The enzyme will require a lower substrate concentration to reach ½Vmax
A mutation is made within the active site of an enzyme resulting in a decrease in km, which of the following will be true with respect to the enzyme kinetics. The Vmax of the reaction will increase when the enzyme will require a lower substrate concentration to reach 1/2 Vmax.
A mutation might or might not have an effect on an organism's phenotype, or its outward features. Evolution, cancer, and the maturation of the immune system, including junctional variation, are among the beneficial and ill biological processes in which mutations take part. All genetic variety results through mutation, which also provides the justification for the action of forces of evolution like natural selection.
The complete question is:
If a mutation is made within the active site of an enzyme resulting in a decrease in Km, which of the following will be true with respect to the enzyme kinetics?
a) The concentration of substrate needed to reach 1/2 Vmax will not change
b) The enzyme will require a higher substrate concentration to reach 1/2 Vmax
c) The enzyme will require a lower substrate concentration to reach 1/2 Vmax
d) The Vmax of the reaction will increase
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A variety of factors influence enzyme activity. Substances that bind to the enzyme and interfere with substrate binding or catalysis are inhibitors. Identify the type of inhibition associated with each of the following descriptions and examples by sorting each item into the appropriate bin. Irreversible inhibition Competitive inhibition Noncompetitive inhibition Note: If you answer this question incorrectly, a single red X will appear indicating that one or more of the phrases are sorted incorrectly binding by the inhibitor malonate, which resembles the A on binds to succinate, binds to the decreases V max acetylcholinesterase or to the succinate dehydrogenase acetylcholinesterase-substrate active site complex DIPF permanently modifies the inhibitor may permanently binding by the inhibitor ydroxyl group of a modify an enzyme does not affect Vima Ser residue at the active site
Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, which binds reversibly to the active site of the enzyme. An active site Ser residue's hydroxyl group is irreversibly modified by the irreversible inhibitor DIPF. Al³⁺ binds non-competitively to the acetylcholinesterase active site and reduces Vmax.
The substances that bind to enzymes and reduce their activity are known as enzyme inhibitors and the process is known as enzyme inhibition.
Competitive inhibition is the mechanism by which an inhibitor binds to the enzyme's active site and blocks substrate binding. The maximal reaction velocity under competitive inhibition does not vary. Therefore, in competitive inhibitions, binding by the inhibitor has no effect on the Vmax. Malonate works as a competitive inhibitor of succinate by competing with it for binding to the active site on the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase.
An inhibitor's ability to attach to both the enzyme and the substrate equally is known as noncompetitive inhibition, which lowers the enzyme's activity. Therefore, binding by the inhibitor results in a decrease in Vmax in non-competitive inhibitions. Non-competitive inhibition of acetylcholinesterase occurs in Al³⁺. The Al³⁺ binds to the acetylcholinesterase active site and decreases the enzyme's activity.
When an inhibitor binds to an enzyme, no alternative enzyme-substrate complex can form, resulting in irreversible inhibition. Diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate is known as DIPF. This kind of inhibitor is irreversible. As a result, the hydroxyl group of the Ser residue in the active site can be irreversibly modified.
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Which statement accurately compares two divisions of geologic time?
OA. Eras are longer than eons.
B. Epochs are longer than eras.
C. Periods are longer than eons.
D. Eras are longer than periods.
Answer is D :Eras are longer than periods.
Explanation:
which of the following occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration? group of answer choices krebs cycle calvin cycle glycolysis electron transport chain
The procedure familiar in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration is Glycolysis and is oxygen independent.
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. In this process glucose breaks down to form pyruvate, a three carbon molecule.
Glycolysis is a routine step for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It takes place in the cytoplasm and is independant of the presence or absence of oxygen. Two molecules of pyruvic acid/ pyruvate is formed as the end product of glycolysis.
In aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net product of 32 ATP molecules. In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis.
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What is the action of the Scalenes?
PLEASE HELP BY TONIGHT: The ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is controlled in humans by a single dominant allele (T). A woman who is a nontaster married a man and they had three children, two boy tasters and a girl nontaster. All the grandparents were tasters. Create a pedigree of this family of this trait. Solid symbols should signify nontasters. Where possible, indicate whether the tasters are TT or Tt.
1. Which of the following conditions does not lead to a change in gene expression patterns in bacteria cells? A. Sporulation B.Heat shock C.Nutrient availability D.Nitrogen deprivation E.None of the choices are correct
Sporulation conditions do not lead to a change in gene expression patterns in bacteria cells.
Sporulation is a strategy used by a wide range of organisms to respond to shifts in their personal environmental subcultures and sustain in time and/or space until conditions suitable for vegetative growth are met. Sporulation is primarily triggered by nutrient deficiency; however, this process necessitates the expenditure of energy. Sporulation creates a multilayered framework that can be sustained for an extended period of time.
Gene expression refers to the procedure by which a gene's information is utilized in the formation of a fully functioning gene product, allowing it to generate end products such as protein or non-coding RNA and, as a result, affect a phenotype. The method by which a gene in a cell is activated to produce RNA and proteins.
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Explain how growers might intervene in the plant's life cycle to solve these problems??
There are many pesticides on the market that have been created to control plant diseases by either stopping the pathogens' growth or by killing them.
What are pathogens?Pathogens are defined as an organism that infects its host, whose virulence is determined by how severe the disease symptoms are. Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, as well as other taxonomically diverse organisms.
Cultural methods include sanitation, removing infected plants or plant parts, rotating crops, removing weeds or other plants that can be secondary hosts for the disease, and discouraging or preventing insect vectors are all part of reducing the amount of infection.
Thus, there are many pesticides on the market that have been created to control plant diseases by either stopping the pathogens' growth or by killing them.
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What are the 2 steps of the mitotic phase?
Summarize how often cells divide:
Explore: Cell Division (p.5)
What does the cell do when not in the mitotic phase?
Explore: Cell Division (p.7)
__________ in animal cells involves the pinching of the cell's __________ until the two newly formed cells separate.
Explore: Cell Division (p.8)
Cytokinesis in __________ cells involves the building of a new cell __________ and cell membranes between the two newly formed nuclei.
Fleming divided mitosis into two broad parts: a progressive phase, during which the chromosomes condensed and aligned at the center of the spindle, and a regressive phase, during which the sister chromatids separated.
Happy Holidays!!
___data includes descriptions observations and explanations
Answer:
Scientific data includes descriptions, observations, and explanations.
Explanation:
Descriptions in scientific data refer to the characteristics or properties of the objects or phenomena being studied. They may include measurements, such as size, shape, or mass, or other characteristics, such as color, texture, or behavior.
Observations in scientific data are the results of collecting and analyzing data using scientific methods. They may include measurements, counts, or other data that has been collected through experiments, observations, or other methods.
Explanations in scientific data are the interpretations or explanations of the observations and data that have been collected. They may involve proposing hypotheses or theories to explain the data, or making predictions about future observations or experiments.
Overall, scientific data includes a variety of different types of information, including descriptions, observations, and explanations, that are used to understand and explain the natural world.
Descriptions in scientific data refer to the characteristics or properties of the objects or phenomena being studied.
What is Scientific description?They may include measurements, such as size, shape, or mass, or other characteristics, such as color, texture, or behavior.
Observations in scientific data are the results of collecting and analyzing data using scientific methods. They may include measurements, counts, or other data that has been collected through experiments, observations, or other methods.
Explanations in scientific data are the interpretations or explanations of the observations and data that have been collected. They may involve proposing hypotheses or theories to explain the data, or making predictions about future observations or experiments.
Therefore, Descriptions in scientific data refer to the characteristics or properties of the objects or phenomena being studied.
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Describe where in the digestive system each macromolecule is broken down
Answer: The different macromolecules can be subdivided by the small intestine's own group of digesting enzymes. Also, auxiliary exocrine organs like the pancreas create their own set of pancreatic enzymes that aid small intestine absorption.
Evidence indicates that plants increase the number of stomata in their leaves as atmospheric CO2 levels decline. Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area should have the effect of doing which of the following?
1. increasing dehydration of leaf tissues 2. decreasing dehydration of leaf tissues 3. countering the effect of declining CO2 on photosynthesis 4. reinforcing the effect of declining CO2 on photosynthesis 5. decreasing the O2 content of air next to the leaves lower than it would otherwise be 6. increasing the O2 content of air next to the leaves higher than it would otherwise be
The increase in the number of stomata per unit surface area may lead to increased dehydration of leaf tissues, Countering the effect of declining Carbon dioxide on photosynthesis and increasing the Oxygen content of air next to the leaves higher than it would otherwise be.
Leaf stomata are where the exchange of gases takes place in the gas. The CO2 required for photosynthesis enters through stomata, and the byproduct O2 is released through stomata. The temperature regulation of the leaf is done by transpiration. Water evaporation takes place and the overall temperature of the leaf is reduced which helps in protecting cytochromes, pigments, and membranes.
The number of stomata per unit area, the size of the stomata, and the speed of opening and closing of stomata determine the gas exchange through the leaf. So as there is an increase in stomata per unit area, the Carbon dioxide intake is increase, the transpiration rate increases, and more oxygen gets released to the surroundings.
So as the number of stomata per unit surface area increases, the gas exchange and transpiration rates increase.
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if you do not account for ____, you may conclude that the distribution of stars in the sky provides evidence that we are located at the center of the milky way. A) differential rotation
B) dark matter
C) gravity
D) dust
if you do not account for D) dust, you may conclude that the distribution of stars in the sky provides evidence that we are located at the center of the milky way.
The center of our own galaxy may be one of the Universe's most strange spots. To find out what's going on there, astronomers have to poke through the thick dust. Astronomers trying to figure out where exactly all of the radiation in the center of the Milky Way comes from and what causes it find it challenging because of all that dust.
If we do not account for this dust, The place of the sun in the Smooth Manner can be additionally nailed somewhere near estimating the distance to every one of the stars we can see. William Herschel, an astronomer who worked toward this goal toward the end of the 18th century, came to the conclusion that the earth was at the center of a "grindstone"-shaped cloud of stars.
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Red flowers (R) are dominant to white flowers (r). Parent 1 has white flowers. Parent 2 is heterozygous.
Answer: Rr X rr
Rr Rr rr rr
Explanation:
TRUE/FALSE. if the concentration of hydrogen ions (h ) outside of the thylakoids were equal to the concentration of h inside the thylakoids, how would it affect the chloroplasts? (4 points) the chloroplasts would release excess o2. the chloroplasts would be unable to generate atp. the chloroplasts would make more glucose molecules. the chloroplasts would make more nadph than usual.
Answer:
False. The chloroplasts would be unable to generate ATP.
in the signaling pathway shown, inositol triphosphate (ip3) acts as a second messenger. which of the following best describes how an increase of ip3 affects cellular response? influx of ca2 increases and leads to activation of other signaling pathways. ip3-gated calcium channels close and decrease cellular responses. phospholipase c increases its activity to produce more second messengers. signaling molecules stop binding to protein receptors until ip3 decreases.
In the signaling pathway shown, inositol triphosphate (IP3) acts as a second messenger. Influx of Ca2+ increases and leads to activation of other signaling pathways.
Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate abbreviated InsP3 or Ins3P or IP3 is an inositol phosphate signaling molecule. It is made by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, by phospholipase C (PLC). Together with diacylglycerol (DAG), IP3 is a second messenger molecule used in signal transduction in biological cells.
While DAG stays inside the membrane, IP3 is soluble and diffuses through the cell, where it binds to its receptor, which is a calcium channel located in the endoplasmic reticulum. When IP3 binds its receptor, calcium is released into the cytosol, thereby activating various calcium regulated intracellular signals.
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Practice: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Comparison
Fill in the chart below, showing the similarities and differences between these two processes.
the process by which organism combine oxygen with food molecules diverting the chemical energy in this substance into life sustaining activities discarding
of waste product carbon dioxide water
Explanation:
photosynthesis is a process which is used for plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy that in to through cellular respiration
Fears of radiation exposure from normal use of such detectors are largely unfounded. Identify reasons why 241Am smoke detectors are perfectly safe.
Choose all that apply.
A Ions get trapped by electrodes.
B The detector has a plastic cover.
C The detector is housed in an aluminum case.
D The amount of americium is very little.
E The penetrating power of α radiation is limited.
F The number of α particles leaving the case is low
The reasons why 241am smoke detectors are perfectly safe is because;
(i) The amount of americium is very little.
(ii) The aluminum core is where the detector is hosted.
(iii) The detector has a plastic cover.
(iv) Radiation is limited in penetrating power.
(v) There is a low number which is leaving the case.
(iv) Ions get trapped by electrodes.
What is 241 Am smoke detectors?
Because it detects a wide variety of fire situations, Americium 241 is utilized in smoke detectors. They are also less costly and simpler to install than photoelectric lights.
Americium emits an alpha - particle with a 0.9 micro-Curie value. In the detector's ionization chamber, these alpha particles hit with oxygen and nitrogen in the air to produce charged particles, or ions.
A low level voltage placed across the chamber collects these ions. A modest continuous electric current runs between two electrodes when the ions are collected.
If smoke reaches the detector, smoke particles will bind to the ions generated by the alpha particles and oxygen or nitrogen. As fewer ions arrive at their target, the electric current decreases, triggering the alarm.
Hence, the use of 241am smoke detector
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TRUE/FALSE. heritability is a measure of the degree to which the phenotypic variation of a giden trait is due to genetic factors
It is true that heritability is a measure of the degree to which the phenotypic variation of a given trait is due to genetic factors.
In the fields of breeding and genetics, a statistic known as heritability is used to estimate the amount of variation in a phenotypic trait that is caused by genetic variation between individuals in a population.
Intelligence, height, and eye color are examples of traits, as are disorders like schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.
Estimates of heritability range from 0 to 1. A heritability near zero shows that practically all of the fluctuation in a characteristic among individuals is because of ecological elements, with very little impact from hereditary contrasts.
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determine the results from a cross of a mother and a father who are both heterozygous for freckles. (some labels may not be used.)
Answer:
Uh so x=freckles and there are 26 letters in the alphabet the z is the last what else is last a rotten egg whose the rotten egg not me its the down bad mother and father that want freckles so the result of your wander is Andrew tate
Explanation:
its about drive
This is a microscopic image of an animal tissue.
Which type of animal tissue is shown in the image?
OA. Epithelial tissue
B. Muscular tissue
C. Nervous tissue
O D. Connective tissues
Answer:
A) Epithelial Tissue
Explanation:
Epithelial tissue is made up of layers of tightly packed cells that line the surfaces of the body for protection, secretion, and absorption. Examples of epithelial tissue include the skin, the lining of the mouth and nose, and the lining of the digestive system.
The sensory portion of the PNS carries electrical signals ________ the CNS; the motor portion carries electrical signals ________ the CNS.
toward, also toward away from, also away from
away from, toward toward, away from
The sensory portion of the PNS carries electrical signals towards the CNS; the motor portion carries electrical signals away from the CNS.
The peripheral nervous system( PNS) provides 2- way communication between the CNS( brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body. It consists of 12 couplets of cranial nerves, pairs of spinal roots and spinal nerves, autonomic nerve caddies with associated ganglia, nerve plexuses, and nerves.
The somatic system is the part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for carrying sensory and motor data to and from the central nervous system. Afferent neurons convey information from sensory receptors of the skin and distinct organs to the central nervous system( i.e., brain and spinal cord), whereas efferent neurons carry motor information down from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body.
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metagenomics helps researchers to better understand viral diversity. check all of the correct statements about this approach and what we have learned.
correct statements about metagenomics approach are:
a. In one liter of coastal water, there are 10 times more viruses than bacteria
b. Since only a small fraction of viruses cause disease in animals and plants, it is hard to isolate viruses.
The study of the structure and function of complete nucleotide sequences that have been isolated and analyzed from all of the organisms—typically microbes—in a bulk sample is known as metagenomics. For virus metagenomics, soil and water are good sources. As a non-targeted diagnostic and surveillance tool, clinical samples can also be used with metagenomics. Metagenomics provides invaluable insights into the virus-host interactions, epidemiology, ecology, and evolution of viruses across all ecosystems by enabling the study of these uncultivated viruses.
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