Most of the empirical work on the influences of the group individual behavior took place in microsystem ( option B)
What is the study of human behavior?The interaction between people and groups is the main focus of research on human behavior. It incorporates aspects of sociology and psychology and offers insights into management and leadership.
A microsystem is a place where the developing individual experiences distinct physical traits, resources, routines of behaviors, roles, and interpersonal relationships. The word experience is a significant component of this definition.
A person's perception of the environment and his or her place in it can also play a role in how a microsystem is characterized, in addition to any characteristics that an objective observer could notice. People labor in a variety of microsystems, including their families, workplaces, friendship groups, and social or religious communities.
Therefore, people get more involved in more microsystems with various patterns as they get old.
Learn more about human behavior from
/brainly.com/question/7629067
#SPJ1
Imagine a fictional American state, Calabama, passed a law that criminalized "looking disheveled" in public. The
police of this state make many citations using this law, and the citations are issued overwhelmingly to racial
minorities and women who don't meet traditional standards of beauty. One minority woman, Agatha, sues. What
language would be most likely present in her suit?
O lack of probable cause
O violation of due process
O illegal search and seizure
O peaceful assembly
If the police of the state make many citations using this law and the citations are issued overwhelmingly to racial minorities and women who don't meet traditional standards of beauty. As one minority woman "Agatha "sues, the language that would be most likely present in her suit is lack of probable cause. The Option A is correct.
What is lack of probable cause?Under the U.S. Constitution, the law enforcement must have probable cause that the suspect is engaging in criminal activity before they can justify any stop, search or arrest.
Most time, police may stop a vehicle or search premises without the required probable cause. In this case , lack of Probable Cause may be raised as a Legal Defense and any evidence obtained may be suppressed.
Read more about probable cause
brainly.com/question/28399684
#SPJ1
Due to the many legal and regulatory barriers to cloud computing, often related to international data access and transport, cloud computing customers have been forced to adopt what type of deployment model that is typically more expensive and offers more restricted benefits?.
Everyone has to be aware that computing on "the Cloud" has swiftly become a reality of daily life for many firms and that it raises several legal difficulties that might cause troubles if not handled promptly.
Legal requirements, guidelines, and conventions around cloud computing are fast changing in the US, Europe, and other countries. Businesses in a variety of sectors, including healthcare, software, financial services, and social media, are providing customers and clients with cloud-based goods and services that not only provide unparalleled mobility and convenience but also present new hazards. Almost every company that employs computers uses cloud-based services on a daily basis. Liability for copyright infringement, data breaches, security violations, privacy and HIPAA violations, data loss, data management, electronic discovery ("e-discovery"), hacking, cybersecurity, and many other complex issues can result in complex litigation and regulatory matters before courts and agencies in the United States, Europe, and other places. These legal issues can arise "in the cloud" and can lead to complex litigation and regulatory matters before courts and agencies in these places.
learn more about the Cloud here:
https://brainly.com/question/27108963
#SPJ4
According to Latané and Darley (1970), a number of things must occur before witnesses decide to intervene in an emergency situation. According to this stage model, diffusion of responsibility is most likely to affect witnesses'
According to the stage model, diffusion of responsibility is most likely to affect witnesses' sense of obligation to intervene in an emergency situation.
An emergency situation can be referred to or considered as a form of situation wherein the happening or non-happening of an event is completely contingent. This contingency is experienced out of a complete uncertainty and extraordinary factors that effect in between. Moreover, an emergency situation may also influence the sense of obligation to intervene for the concerned person.
Learn more about an emergency situation here:
https://brainly.com/question/14805813
#SPJ4
what is the key difference between living wills and a durable power of attorney for health care?
Answer: The key difference between a living will and a durable power of attorney for health care is that a living will outlines an individual's preferences regarding their own medical care, while a durable power of attorney for health care grants someone else the authority to make medical decisions on behalf of the individual.
Explanation:
. which of these is not one of the components that make up intellectual property law? a. trademark b. copyright c. patent d. right of publicity
Option D is correct. right of publicity is not a component of Intellectual Property law.
About Intellectual Property law
Laws pertaining to "intellectual property," or the rights of inventors and owners of innovations, writing, music, designs, and other works, are referred to as "intellectual property law." Intellectual property covers a wide range of topics, include copyright, trademark, patents, & trade secrets.
A practise in intellectual property can be divided into three main categories: counselling, protecting, and enforcing. The main topic of client counselling is how to best protection of the intellectual property which the client already possesses or would like to create. In trademark law, an attorney will look for trademarks that the client has suggested and advise the client as to their availability.
To know more about intellectual property:
brainly.com/question/18650136
#SPJ4
When entering the interstate on a short entrance ramp where there is no acceleration lane, you should:
- Immediately enter the far-right traffic lane on the interstate and speed up to match the flow of traffic.
- Use the shoulder of the main road to get up to the speed of traffic.
- Speed up and enter the interstate only after you have identified a gap in traffic.
When entering the interstate on a short entrance ramp where there is no acceleration lane, you should speed up and enter the interstate only after you have identified a gap in traffic.
It's crucial to be cautious and properly integrate with the flow of traffic while using a short entry ramp without an acceleration lane to reach the interstate. Once you have located a break in the traffic that is wide enough for you to merge safely, you should accelerate, and only then should you join the highway.
An accident risk might be increased if you attempt to speed up to keep up with the flow of traffic as soon as you join the highway. Similarly, it is typically not safe to accelerate on the main road's shoulder because doing so might endanger other drivers and pedestrians.
Learn more about interstate entrance here:
https://brainly.com/question/30167643
#SPJ6
Which of the following describes a possible method that can check the power of the president who willingly violates the constitutional balance of power as described in the passage?
Congress can impeach and remove a president who is unable or unwilling to perform his or her official functions.
A president who is incapable or unwilling to carry out his or her official duties may be impeached and removed by Congress.
The US system of checks and balances is related to the division of powers. The system of checks and balances guarantees that each part of government has enough authority to restrain the others and prevents any one branch from obtaining undue power.In respect to the American government, the concept of "checks and balances" refers to the division of power within the government made possible by the creation of three distinct branches: the executive branch, the judicial branch, and the legislative branch.The three components of the federal government of the United States are the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This system encourages the division of authorities. To ensure the effectiveness of the government and the preservation of people' rights, each part of the government has certain powers and responsibilities, including working together with other branches.Thus this is how Checks and Balances work.
Refer here to learn more about Checks and Balances: https://brainly.com/question/17715922
#SPJ4
fica stands for federal insurance contributions act. this money is taken out of your pay check each month. what does fica consist of?
In the US, FICA is a federal payroll tax. It is known as the Federal Insurance Contributions Act and is deducted from every paycheck.. Your nine-digit number enables Social Security to precisely record your self-employment or insured wages. You accumulate credits for Social Security benefits as you work and pay FICA taxes.
To all taxable compensation is applied the FICA tax rate. Salary, wages, tips, bonuses, commissions, and taxable fringe benefits are all included in this. A table listing different fringe benefits that are exempt from FICA and those that are subject to it may be found in IRS Publication 15-B. The FICA tax system. FICA taxes, which make up 15.3% of your wages, are a combination of Social Security and Medicare taxes. 7.65% of the overall cost is your responsibility; this comprises a 6.2% Social Security tax and a 1.45% Medicare levy on your salary. Federal income taxes do not include FICA. Although the employee's gross wages serve as the foundation for both taxes, they are two distinct elements that are computed separately.
Learn more about FICA taxes from
brainly.com/question/2288869
#SPJ4
Why might investigators want to be more careful examining chemical properties than physical properties?.
Because anything involving a chemical reaction is irreversible, investigators may want to be more cautious while analyzing chemical properties than physical ones. Physical changes may be reversible.
When investigating the chemical characteristics of particular compounds, reaction might also happen readily. Physical reactions are uncommon and rarely occur. Chemical qualities can sometimes be complicated and dangerous, but physical properties are typically less complicated and dangerous. Due to the aforementioned reasons, investigators will want to exercise greater caution while reviewing evidence pertaining to chemical properties than physical properties. Physical changes may be reversible.
learn more about chemical properties here:
https://brainly.com/question/18487204
#SPJ4
according to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual or legal provision to the contrary, every employment is employment at will and either side is free to terminate it at any time without advance notice or reason.
Therefore, any employment is considered to be at-will employment under common law, and either party is entitled to end it at any time and for any cause, unless there is a clear contractual stipulation to the contrary.
Can the common law be used to end a contract?Common law termination Common law rights are likely to continue to be available to the parties in addition to their expressly stated contractual rights unless a contract expressly states that they are not.
Is it necessary to abide by the terms of the contract's termination?An additional factor is whether or whether compliance with the contractual termination clauses must also be followed at the same time. It would be prudent to follow the contractual procedure, even if the agreement were to be terminated at common law.
To know more about Employment visit:-
brainly.com/question/1361941
#SPJ4
which supreme court case involved the removal and resettlement of the cherokee indians during the jacksonian era?
The Supreme Court's Worcester v. Georgia decision set a precedent. Despite the fact that it did not stop the Cherokee from being expelled from their country, the judgement was frequently cited when creating later Indian law in the United States.
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom serves as the country final court of appeal in all civil disputes as well as criminal cases that have their origins in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Additionally, it hears cases with widespread public or constitutional ramifications. The Middlesex Guildhall in Westminster is where the Court typically meets, but it can convene anywhere. For instance, it has met in the Edinburgh City Chambers, the Royal Courts of Justice in Belfast, and the T-Hywel Building in Cardiff. The Highest Court of the United Kingdom is far more constrained in its ability to conduct judicial review than the supreme or constitutional courts of some other nations because of the idea of parliamentary sovereignty. It cannot invalidate any fundamental laws.
Learn more about Supreme Court from
brainly.com/question/18228641
#SPJ4
Drag the group policy setting on the left to the appropriate description of how the setting is enforced on the right.
a. (Enabled) -causes the policy to be enforced
b. (Not configured) -does not change
c. (Disabled) -prevents
Drag the group policy setting from the left to the right-hand description that best describes how the setting is applied: makes the policy effective - Enabled; changes nothing about the policy's default setting - Not configured; Disabled - Prevents the policy from being applied.
How are group policies enforced?Group Policy is enforced at the level of the group policy object. A GPO will be implemented after it is enforced (depending upon the level at which that GPO is applied) Let's say I have GPOs A and B applied at the domain and OU levels, respectively.
Which OU should receive a group policy?The name of the policy you wish to assign should be selected in the GPO list. Then click OK. The OU to which the GPO was assigned must be chosen in the GPMC. Link Enabled = Yes, as you can see. By selecting the policy's name and then the Link Enabled menu item, you can disable a Group Policy line.
To know more about Policy visit:-
brainly.com/question/28024313
#SPJ4
Lawmakers in new zealand will vote on whether the country should lower the voting age to. ?.
According to Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, parliamentarians in New Zealand will vote on lowering the national voting age from 18 to 16.
As a result of the Supreme Court siding with activists who claimed that since 16-year-olds are old enough to drive and pay taxes, they should also be entitled to vote, New Zealanders are protected against discrimination starting at age 16. Other nations are contemplating decreasing their voting age, including Austria, Brazil, and Cuba, where voting is currently permitted at age 16. In order to avoid needing a supermajority, Singh proposed decreasing the voting age for council elections from 18 to 16. He also thinks that during the following several years, support for decreasing the age to vote in general elections will increase.
learn more about New Zealand here:
https://brainly.com/question/9054215
#SPJ4
What do you believe will be the biggest challenge in the future that law enforcement will face?
The situation that I believe will be the biggest challenge in the future that law enforcement will face is the Police Recruitment and Retention.
What is Law enforcement?Law enforcement can be descibed as the activity of some members of government who act in an organized manner to enforce the law through the process of discovering, deterring, rehabilitating in the society.
It should be noted that biggest challenges facing law enforcement is retention and recruitment because the good hands is needed for effectivenes.
Learn more about law enforcement at:
https://brainly.com/question/28831464
#SPJ1
If, for a given output level, a perfectly competitive firm's price is less than its average variable cost, then the firm:
A. Should increase price.
B. Is earning a profit.
C. Should increase output.
D. Should shut down.
E. Definition
If for a given output level, a perfectly competitive firm's price is less than its average variable cost, then the firm is A. Should increase the price.
A competitive firm's company is a charge taker, which means that it ought to be given the equilibrium price at which it sells goods. If a perfectly aggressive firm tries to price even a tiny amount extra than the market charge, it will likely be not able to make any sales.
The rural industry in all likelihood comes closest to showing the best competition because it is characterized by the aid of many small manufacturers with truly no capability to regulate the promoting rate of their merchandise.
Learn more about competitive firms here https://brainly.com/question/25327136
#SPJ4
____ are usually _____ in developing countries because of lower wages and immigration laws that prevent the free movement of labor.
Because of lower salaries and immigration rules that restrict the free movement of workers, child labor is typically a result of immigration in developing nations.
What impact does immigration have on the labor market?The fact that immigration boosts the labor supply is by far its most significant effect on the workforce. According to the Current Population Survey conducted in March 2005, there were about 21 million adult immigrants working in the country.
What impact does immigration have on median wages?According to research on the American labor market, immigration's wage elasticity is about 0.2, which means that if the country welcomed 10 percent more immigrants, wages would typically decline by 2 percent.
To know more about lower wages visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/14597603
#SPJ4
Politically motivated violence against citizens of political entities different from those of the perpetrators in order to coerce or intimidate is known as _________
Politically all were motivated to stop the violence among citizens of political parties or entities which are different from perpetrators so that there can avoid coerce or the intimidate is called as terrorism.
The current definition of "terrorism" is therefore fundamentally contested because it is difficult to come to an agreement on a basis for determining whether the use of violence (directed at whom, via whom, for what objectives) is acceptable. Both national and non-national groups frequently utilize violence to further their political objectives.
Most definitions currently in use were created by enterprises that are directly related to the government and are purposefully slanted to remove governments from the term. The term "terrorist" today has a very negative connotation; it implies a loss of morality and legality. As a practical fact, so-called "terrorism" or terrorist attacks are frequently a strategy used by participants in larger military or geopolitical operations agenda.
Learn more about perpetrators visit: brainly.com/question/26767288
#SPJ4
Each person performing an annual or 100-hour inspection shall use a checklist that contains at least those items in the appendix of ___
Each person when performing an annual or any 100-hour inspection then there shall make use of a checklist which contains at least all items in the index or appendix of A - 14 CFR Part 43.
Each character appearing an annual or 100-hour inspection shall inspect (in which applicable) all additives of the wing and middle segment meeting for terrible wellknown condition, cloth or pores and skin deterioration, distortion, proof of failure, and lack of confidence of attachment.
Each character appearing an annual or 100-hour inspection shall inspect (in which applicable) all additives and structures that make up the whole empennage meeting for terrible wellknown condition, cloth or pores and skin deterioration, distortion, proof of failure, insecure attachment, mistaken issue set up, and mistaken issue operation. Each character appearing an annual or 100-hour inspection shall inspect (in which applicable) every hooked up miscellaneous object that isn't in any other case included with the aid of using this list for mistaken set up and mistaken operation.
Learn more about inspection visit: brainly.com/question/13262567
#SPJ4
In legal terminology, this is the state of a child who has not yet reached the specified age to be considered an adult.
In legal terminology, Infancy is the state of a child who has not yet reached the specified age to be considered an adult.
About Infancy
Infantile years are the first year following birth. The infant's rapid growth period is known as infancy. The newborn doubles in length & triples in weight during infancy. During infancy, several significant changes also take place: The baby's teeth begin to erupt at the age of six months. The physical, emotional, behavioural, and mental development of infants and toddlers from 0 to 36 months. Each stage of baby development (from 0 to 12 months) & toddler development (from 12 to 36 months) is marked by a different milestone.
The first year of life is referred to as infancy. Infants entirely depend on others to meet their requirements until they can manage their bodily bodies. Childhood: During this time, kids explore and learn to be independent.
To know more about Infancy:
brainly.com/question/890436
#SPJ4
How is a president with power and energy not only important to good government but also critical to protecting the rights of the people?.
The president's energy and power are crucial for not only the government but also for upholding the rights of the people it provides the president with a variety of powers for a stable administration.
The power of the law, the defense of property, justice, and the safety of liberty are all within the reach of the president with such strength and vigor. An energetic and powerful president is good for the country, according to a former US secretary of the Treasury. In addition, he claimed that one executive is safer and easier to keep an eye on than several.
The fundamental liberties of the US people are safeguarded by the US constitution's Bill of Rights. The United States Constitution is the foundational law of the country and was drafted in Philadelphia during the summer of 1787.
Read more about President:
https://brainly.com/question/26256850
the national labor relations act requires employers and unions to deal in good faith in collective bargaining. true or false?
It is true that the National Labor Relations Act mandates unions and employers to bargain in good faith.
The National Labor Relations Act's purpose is what?In order to safeguard employee rights, promote collective bargaining, and limit particular private sector labor and management practices that could be detrimental to the overall well-being of employees, businesses, and the American economy, Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA") in 1935.
What exactly does the National Labor Relations Act entail?Employees have the right under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) to establish or join unions, take part in protected, organized activities to address or improve working conditions, or refrain from taking part in these activities. Visit our page on employee rights for more details.
To know more about National Labor visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/8726856
#SPJ4
what professional sport has a starting line-up equal to the number of sitting u.s. supreme court justices?
The Supreme Court currently has nine justices on the bench. The Supreme Court was formed by the U.S. Constitution, but Congress was given the authority to determine the number of justices the court should have.
What professional sport has a starting lineup of 9?Either nine or ten players make up the starting lineup in baseball.
How many justices are in Supreme Court?The Supreme Court currently consists of nine justices: one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. There have been 104 Associate Justices in the history of the Court, with The Honorable John G. Roberts, Jr. serving as its 17th Chief Justice.
To know more about Supreme court visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/12848156
#SPJ4
The new law requires companies to be more transparent about how your data is used and get your permission before starting to use it. A. TrueB. False
The new rule mandates that businesses disclose how your data is managed and obtain your consent before using it is true. It raises the threshold that companies must pass legally in order to target advertisements based on personal information like your relationship status, employment position, level of education, or usage of websites and applications.
What does the newly enacted law on data privacy mean for you?Aiming to take advantage of the new law, privacy advocacy organizations want to bring lawsuits on behalf of large groups of people. It is hoped that a few successful legal actions will have a domino effect and force businesses to tighten up how they manage customer information.
What does the stringent new data rule from the EU mean for you?Some of the strongest online privacy regulations in the world are being implemented by the European Union. The reforms are intended to offer internet users more control over their information, but it will be years before the new law's full consequences are apparent.
To know more about Law visit:-
brainly.com/question/14994055
#SPJ4
Which of the following describes a technique used to cue the audience of your approaching conclusion?
Presentations can orient the audience by using visual cues and transitions. A skill set that includes numerous healthy interpersonal relationships is effective listening.
This refers to the use of visual aids to demonstrate how information or data is represented, such as charts and graphs. As a result, it is clear that the use of visual cues and transitions in presentations aids in audience orientation by allowing them to comprehend the information and facts more fully. To help your audience get ready for the conclusion of your speech, you can use paralinguistic cues (slow down the pace of your speech, use more pauses), movement cues (physically moving back to the centre of the room where you began the speech), and language cues ("now that we have seen that we can solve this problem effectively, we can review the entire situation").
Learn more about Visual cues here:
https://brainly.com/question/14543995
#SPJ4
Regulation S-X and Regulation S-K:
A. govern the preparation of financial statements and associated disclosures.
B. govern the registration requirements for private placements.
C. outline responsibilities for audit committees of publicly held companies.
D. prohibit artificial pyramids of capital in public utilities.
Financial statement and related disclosure preparation is governed by Regulation S-X and Regulation S-K.
What does Regulation S-coverage K's of S-X entail?The definition of "financial statements" under Regulation S-X is expanded to include all notes to the statements and all relevant schedules. Regulation S-K, which specifies reporting requirements for different SEC filings and registrations used by public firms, and Regulation S-X are closely related.
What exactly does Regulation S-X mean?the main tabs. Registrants must disclose financial statements on registration statements, periodic reports, and other filings in accordance with Securities Act regulations established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
To know more about Financial statement visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/14951563
#SPJ4
What was the result of the proposed amendments to the articles of confederation, made by chairman pinckney, in august of 1786?.
The recommendations of the committee were never implemented by Congress because they did not believe that all 13 states would approve the amendments.
The delegates gathered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at the Constitutional Convention to create the new Constitution that will govern the young country. The initial US Constitution, the Articles of Confederation, had numerous shortcomings and had left a weak central authority. The delegates were discussing and debating the new Constitution for this reason. Charles Pinckney represented South Carolina as a delegate. Congress agreed when requested in May 1786 to appoint a committee to study the Articles. The modifications were ready on August 7, 1786, but they were never adopted. The conference at Annapolis, Maryland, is the next phase.
learn more about articles confederation here:
https://brainly.com/question/13608970
#SPJ4
a legal document stating that life sustaining procedures shall not be used to prolong a person's life when death is imminent is called a(n) blank .
The term "advance directive" refers to a legal instrument that states that when death is approaching, life-sustaining measures should not be employed to extend a person's life. You can use it to decide who will make decisions for you if you are unable to do so or to direct your loved ones and medical team when they need to.
What exactly do second generation advance directives entail?A "health care proxy appointment" or "medical power of attorney" was created as a result, which some have referred to as the "second generation" of advance directives.
How do a DNR and an advance directive vary from one another?Without the doctor's approval, a DNR is not valid. The correct short- or long-term medical treatment can be obtained with the use of an advance directive, which can safeguard you in the event of a medical emergency.
To know more about Legal visit:-
brainly.com/question/14994055
#SPJ4
The trend in recent years has been toward narrower spans of control as a way to facilitate delegation.
A wide span of management is a sort of control when a single manager is responsible for overseeing a sizable number of employees or subordinates.
It is a hierarchical system in which a large number of managers essentially depict a flat organization with a single manager overseeing and supervising all employees at a similar level. As stated in the question, Giovanni works in an environment where all employees perform the same tasks while experiencing various difficulties. As a result, Giovanni employs a broad range of management. An organization that is horizontal and devoid of the traits of a towering structure is said to be flat. A business with a broad span of control and a short chain of command is therefore a flat organization, whereas a business with a limited span of control and an organization that has a long chain of command is tall.
Learn more about Wide span of management here:
https://brainly.com/question/15551388
#SPJ4
In the long run, monopolistically competitive firms:
a. cannot earn an economic profit.
b. produce so that marginal cost equals price.
c. produce at the level that minimizes average total cost.
d. set marginal revenue equal to price.
In the long run, monopolistically competitive firms is a. cannot earn an economic profit.
Monopolistic opposition is a kind of marketplace shape where many corporations are found in an industry, and they produce similar but differentiated products. none of the organizations experience a monopoly, and each organization operates independently without regard to the movements of different companies.
A monopoly is a market structure wherein the participant is a single seller that dominates the general market as he is offering a completely unique service or product. In evaluation, monopolistic competition is an aggressive market with handiest a handful of shoppers and dealers who offer near substitutes.
Learn more about monopolistically here https://brainly.com/question/25717627
#SPJ4
which of the following systems significantly influenced the development of parole in the united states?
Answer:
There are several systems that have significantly influenced the development of parole in the United States. These include the following:
1.The penitentiary movement: During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, a movement emerged in the United States to reform the criminal justice system and shift away from punishment towards rehabilitation. This movement, known as the penitentiary movement, led to the development of new forms of punishment, including parole, which allowed for the release of prisoners on the condition that they would be supervised and adhere to certain conditions.
2.The indeterminate sentence: Parole also emerged as a result of the development of the indeterminate sentence, which allowed judges to set a range of time for a prison sentence, rather than a fixed length. This gave parole boards the ability to determine when a prisoner was ready for release based on their progress in rehabilitation and their behavior while incarcerated.
3.The Great Society programs: In the 1960s, President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society programs, which aimed to address social and economic issues, included initiatives to reform the criminal justice system. These programs led to the expansion of parole and the development of alternatives to incarceration, such as community-based programs and drug treatment centers.
4.The war on drugs: The war on drugs, which began in the 1980s and continues to this day, has also had a significant impact on the development of parole. As part of this effort, policymakers have focused on increasing the use of incarceration and mandatory minimum sentences, which has led to a decrease in the use of parole in some cases.
Overall, the development of parole in the United States has been influenced by a variety of factors, including movements to reform the criminal justice system, the use of indeterminate sentences, and efforts to address social and economic issues.