Most fish are cold-blooded, but tunas and some sharks (such as white sharks) keep their exercising muscles warmer than the surrounding water. Because bony and cartilaginous fishes diverged as long as 450 million years ago, this ability is a remarkable example of convergent evolution.
Osteichthyes, also known as bony fish, is a diverse taxonomic group of fish with skeletons primarily made of bone tissue. They are distinguished from the Chondrichthyes by their cartilage-based skeletons. Bony fish include sunfish, bass, catfish, trout, and pike, as well as freshwater tropical fish found in aquariums. Tuna is another bony fish species.
Chondrichthyes is a class of cartilaginous fishes, which have skeletons made primarily of cartilage. They differ from the Osteichthyes, or bony fishes, which have skeletons made mostly of bone tissue. The cartilaginous fish are jawed fish with paired fins, paired nostrils, scales, two-chambered hearts, and cartilage skeletons rather than bone skeletons.
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which of the following a change related to the aging of the respiratory system? group of answer choices
An increase in respiration rate is a change related to the aging of the respiratory system.
What is respiration?Respiration is defined in physiology as the transfer of oxygen from the external environment to the cells within tissues and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction, that is, back into the external environment. The biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to a metabolic process through which an organism obtains energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) by oxidizing nutrients and releasing waste products, differs from the physiological definition. Although cellular respiration and the subsequent maintenance of life in animals depend on physiologic respiration, the two processes are distinct: cellular respiration occurs within individual organism cells, whereas physiologic respiration deals with the diffusion and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
What is respiratory system?The network of organs and tissues that aids in breathing is known as the respiratory system. It consists of your blood vessels, lungs, and airways. The respiratory system also includes the muscles that propel your lungs. Together, these components help the body circulate oxygen and eliminate waste gases like carbon dioxide.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that an increase in respiration rate is a change related to the aging of the respiratory system.
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Although each of the following has a better chance of influencing gene frequencies in small populations than in large populations, which one most consistently requires a small population as a precondition for its occurrence?.
Since we must write this, let's ask which factor consistently requires a tiny population as a prerequisite for its occurrence, even though each of the following has a better probability of influencing gene frequency in a small proportion of small populations.
Genealogical drift is the basic response. Each of these mechanisms has an impact on the genetic makeup of populations, but only natural selection consistently increases how well-adapted an organism is to its environment.
The severity of drift and the incidence of inbreeding in the population are related to population size, or more precisely, the effective population size. Due to stochastic sampling error, small populations typically lose genetic diversity more quickly than large populations (i.e., genetic drift). This is because
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Name the irregular ridges of muscle lining the ventricles that are not indirectly to the atrioventricular values.
The trabeculae carnage (columnar carnage, or meaty ridges) are rounded or irregular muscular columns that project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart.
The inner surface of each ventricle has an irregular surface of ridges and folds called trabeculae carnage. The interventricular septum separates the two ventricles.
Squamous cell nuclei tend to be flat, horizontal, and elliptical, mirroring the form of the cell. The endothelium is the epithelial tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems.
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The irregular ridges of muscle lining the ventricles are Trabeculae carnage.
The tricuspid valve is the atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart. It separates the right atrium and right ventricle. The Purkinje fibers lie beneath the endocardium. They are larger than cardiomyocytes but have fewer myofibrils more glycogen and mitochondria, and no T-tubules.
These cells are connected by desmosomes and gap junctions but not by intercalated discs. The right ventricle is very muscular. In contrast to the right atrium, which is mostly smooth-walled, it has many muscular ridges called trabeculae. The endothelium is the epithelial tissue that lines the blood vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems and is composed of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells.
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The brain is about 75 percent its adult weight by three years of age. By age 6, it is at 95 percent its adult weight
Myelination and the development of dendrites continue to occur in the cortex and as it does, we see a corresponding change in what the child is capable of doing. Greater development in the prefrontal cortex, the area of the brain behind the forehead that helps us to think, strategize, and control attention and emotion, makes it increasingly possible to inhibit emotional outbursts and understand how to play games. Understanding the game, thinking ahead, and coordinating movement improve with practice and
myelination.
In the beginning, the average baby's mind is ready 1 / 4 of the size of the common adult brain. noticeably, it doubles in length inside the first year. It keeps developing to about 80% of the grownup length between age three and 90% almost fully grown by age 5.
With the aid of age 2, it is at 75 percent of its adult weight, at95 percent with the aid of age 6, and at 100 percent via age 7 years. organization of high-stage visual cortex in human toddlers”.
By way of age 2, it's miles at 75 percent of its grownup weight, at 95 percent with the aid of age 6, and at 100 percent through age 7 years. organization of high-stage visual cortex in human toddlers”.
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The vast majority of dna damage is caused by man-made chemicals and man-made radiation.
a. true
b. false
"The vast majority of dna damage is caused by man-made chemicals and man-made radiation" is false.
Any modification to DNA that alters its coding properties or normal function in transcription or replication is referred to as DNA damage. DNA damage can impair normal cell replication and increase the rate of apoptosis (programmed cell death, also known as 'cellular senescence'). Damage to genetic material, on the other hand, can result in impaired cellular function, cell loss, or the transformation of healthy cells into cancers. Base substitutions, deletions, and insertions are the three types of DNA mutations.
Endogenous DNA damage sources include hydrolysis, oxidation, alkylation, and base mismatch; exogenous DNA damage sources include ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and various chemical agents.
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Which of the following describes an organism under stress?
They expend more energy to maintain homeostasis.
They use less energy for homeostasis and instead use it for reproduction.
They will not reproduce at all.
Fewer of their offspring will survive.
In the __________, Light Energy is converted to ___________
Answer:
In the plant/photosynthesis, Light Energy is converted to Chemical Energy.
Explanation:
Answer: In the plant light energy is converted to chemical energy
which of the following enzymes converts atp to camp? which of the following enzymes converts atp to camp? adenylyl cyclase galactoside permease b-galactosidase atp synthase
Galactosidase glucoside permease Adenocysteine Cyclase Synthesizing ATP Correct Adenylyl Cyclose turns ATP into cAMP, aiding CAP in binding.
Which enzyme from the list below breaks down lactose?Lactase, also known as lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, is an enzyme that breaks down lactose (milk sugar) into the simple sugars glucose and galactose in the small intestine of animals.
Catalase—is it an enzyme?The important enzyme catalase feeds on hydrogen peroxide, a nonradical ROS. This enzyme is in charge of neutralising hydrogen peroxide through its breakdown, hence preserving an ideal level of the molecule in the cell that is also necessary for cellular signalling processes.
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Explain what could be a mechanism by which jendrassik maneuver produces bigger myotatic reflex.
Jendrassik maneuver helps to generate a better response of the myotactic reflex since it increases its response because it will divert the patient's attention and this allows the complete relaxation of the muscle to be evaluated.
What is the Jendrassik maneuver?Jendrassik maneuver consists of the patient strongly stretching their joined hands in front of the chest for at least 10 seconds in order to usually test the patellar reflex. This maneuver is used to reinforce the myotactic reflex on individuals with no response or mild response to the reflex, then amplifying it and allowing us to see if the muscle is healthy or not.
When the Jendrassik maneuver is performed, the patient's attention will be diverted and this allows complete relaxation of the muscle to be evaluated, this then amplifies the reflex and allows us to analyze it correctly.
Therefore, we can confirm that Jendrassik maneuver helps to generate a better response of the myotactic reflex since it increases its response because it will divert the patient's attention and this allows the complete relaxation of the muscle to be evaluated.
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In what region would you find deep rooted plants and vines such as olives and grapes?.
On the Mediterranean coast, you would find deep-rooted plants and vines such as olives and grapes.
The Mediterranean coast is home to deep-rooted plants and vines like olive and grape trees because the climate is ideal for their growth and development. The climatic and environmental factors in these areas allow plants to develop roots that can reach a depth of 15 meters. As a result of receiving their nutrition from their roots, the plants in this area can endure for a number of years.
The role of the olive and vine is particularly important in allowing diversification, specialization, and the commodification of resources, completely changing the landscape and the basic "cereal-pulse-livestock" Neolithic economy, and ultimately leading to the emergence of complex, hierarchical societies.
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10. Which statement is true?
1.The nitrogen cycle starts with plants.
2.The nitrogen cycle has no beginning or end.
3.The nitrogen cycle ends with animals.
Answer:
1 (?)
Explanation:
How does the nitrogen cycle work? Step 1- Nitrogen Fixation- Special bacteria convert the nitrogen gas (N2 ) to ammonia (NH3) which the plants can use. Step 2- Nitrification- Nitrification is the process that converts the ammonia into nitrite ions which the plants can take in as nutrients.
So even when starting with the first question we know that nitrogen is present in soil BUT the cycle begins during Nitrogen Fixation which plants use.
we also know that the nitrogen cycle has a start-- given I just explained that-- and even though it's continuous there is a point where the cycle repeats and therefore starts again. Knowing it's continuous we also know that when nitrogen 'ends' the cycle simply starts again, and the nitrogen is released back into the air. ("Nitrogen gas [N2] diffuses into the soil from the atmosphere")
In conclusion: 1 is the most probable answer.
Define senescent. What cells put off senescence?
Whats the average size of a plant cell? in centimeters
Answer:
10^-6 cm i believe
Explanation:
select all correct descriptions of peptidyl transferase. check all that apply it catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds. it catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds. it is part of the large ribosomal subunit. it is part of the large ribosomal subunit. it is composed of a single protein.
The correct description of peptidyl transferase are:
it catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds. it is part of the large ribosomal subunit.Peptidyl transferase is the enzyme involved in protein synthesis/ translation. It has two main functions. These are: the catalysis of the formation of peptide bonds and help in peptide release. The enzyme is entirely composed of RNA molecule.
Peptide bonds are the covalent bonds that are formed between the amine group of one amino acid and carboxylic group of another amino acid. The bond is also called the amide bond. These bonds are used to link amino acids together to form a polypeptide.
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In what ways have Robert Hooke contributed to a wider understanding of life?
Answer:
He contributed to the discovery of cells while looking at a thin slice of cork. He then thought that cells only exist in plants and fungi. In 1665, he published Micrographia.
Explanation:
99% of all marine species can be found in the ____.
What is the answer?
Answer:
I would assume in the water or ocean since marine means they live in the water
which of the following is an example of an ecological service provided by forests?
a. Livestock grazing areas
b. Reduction of soil erosion
c. Purification of water and air
d. Reduce atmospheric carbon
Following is an example of an ecological service provided by forests:
b. Reduction of soil erosion
c. Purification of water and air
d. Reduce atmospheric carbon
Ecosystem services are the numerous and diverse advantages that the natural world and healthy ecosystems offer to us. Agroecosystems, forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, and aquatic ecosystems are a few examples of these types of ecosystems. These ecosystems provide benefits to human mental and physical health, clean air, the prevention of extreme weather, and the natural pollination of crops. The provision of food, the availability of clean drinking water, the breakdown of wastes, and the resilience and productivity of food ecosystems are all examples of what are collectively known as ecosystem services.
Despite decades of tacit discussion between scientists and environmentalists, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) in the early 2000s popularized this idea.
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the tilt aftereffect is the perceptual illusion of tilt, produced by
The tilt aftereffect is the perceptual illusion of tilt, produced by Size an object takes up on the retina.
Perceptual illusions are defined as consistent and chronic discrepancies among a physial state of affairs and its illustration in consciousness. it's miles argued that for the maximum element those discrepancies occur in particular as a consequence of the activation of perceptual approaches by using contrived, artificial stimuli.
Perhaps the exceptional actual-existence example of a perceptual phantasm is the Moon illusion. whilst the Moon is at the horizon, it seems to be a whole lot large than it does whilst it is excessive within the sky. but whilst the Moon is photographed at various factors throughout the sky, all the pictures on the negatives are the equal size.
But despite the fact that perceptual illusions are a laugh, additionally they have essential philosophical implications. They show us in a clear and unambiguous way that we do not at once perceive the world round us. Perceptual revel in is a simulation—a intellectual model—that doesn't usually correspond to the reality it aims to depict.
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during the devonian period,when tiktaalik lived,the only land animals were invertebrates,such as worms and insects.which macroevolutionary pattern do you think occurred once animals were able to survive outside of the water? explain your answer
The macroevolutionary patterns that occurred once animals were able to survive outside of the water are associated with the development of airways to obtain oxygen form the air and also the development of extremities to move in terrestrial environments.
What is a macroevolutionary pattern?A macroevolutionary pattern makes reference to any adaptive change in the phenotype of a given taxonomic group in order to fits with new environmental conditions such as occurred when animals moved from aquatic environments to terrestrial conditions.
This type of evolutionary pattern (macroevolutionary pattern) is well known to be associated with the presence of mutations in developmental genes that produce changes in the morphological features of an individual which are then selected by natural selection.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that macroevolutionary patterns are associated with changes at a high scale in the phenotype to fit certain environmental conditions.
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Inserting or deleting a nucleotide in a protein-coding sequence produces what type of mutation?.
The addition or deletion of DNA nucleotides in amounts that are not multiples of three is what is known as a frame-shift mutation in the gene.
Give an example of a mutation.
Hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell disease are a few conditions that are caused by hereditary mutations. Over the course of a person's lifetime, other changes could occur on their own at any time. They may also go by the names sporadic mutations, novel mutations, or spontaneous mutations. Only a few cells are affected.
What happens when a gene is altered?
Genetic mutations are when the Genetic code is changed to produce a different outcome. That gene's genomic DNA has undergone permanent modification. Genetic variations are essential for human development, which is the process of transformation through several generations. a single person.
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The historical development of the theory of evolution by natural selection included theories such as those of jean-baptiste lamarck that superficially sounded logical, but were flawed by lack of understanding of genetics. Which of jean-baptiste lamarck’s proposals would support the idea that an individual who develops large muscles due to weight training would have offspring that also have large muscles?.
One of Lamarck's principle ideas about evolution was that Organisms develop and whatever trait they might acquire is then passed down to their offspring.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was an avid supporter of the theories of evolution. He himself gave a lot of theories and principles which he felt were the aptest but only because of the lack of scientific proof to prove him wrong. He proposed that organisms pass whatever traits they have to their offspring.
This notion supports the idea that an individual who develops large muscles due to weight training would have offspring that also have large muscles. This has been proved scientifically wrong now but had quite an impact on the then developing theories of evolution back then.
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please help
5 points for each question
1. define enzymes in your own words
2. distinguish between absorption and digestion
3. compare the functions of the stomach and the small intestine
4. give an example of how the digestive system affects other systems
Enzymes are biological catalysts of chemical reactions. Absorption refers to the intake of substances from the small intestine while digestion also involves breaking down foods by enzymatic processes. The stomach mechanically breaks down food into small substances, while the small intestine absorbs these products. The digestive system affects other systems because the chemical energy required by cellular respiration is obtained by digestion.
What is an enzyme?An enzyme is a biological catalyst that acts to lower the activation energy of reactions. These catalysts (enzymes) play a fundamental role in digestion by breaking down foods into smaller particles.
Moreover, the small intestine functions to absorb these small particles which are used by cells during cellular respiration.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that an enzyme is a catalyst that acts to enhance the release of energy in the chemical reaction that occurs during digestion, which is a process that involves many organs such as the stomach and the small intestine.
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You are skateboarding at the skate park and you are not wearing your knee guards. You are trying to show
your friends your new skateboard trick and fall off your skateboard, skinning your knee. How would your
body repair this cut?
a. mitosis; the injury would trigger cell division to replace those cells ; results in 2 identical cells
b. mitosis; the injury would trigger cell division to replace those cells; results in 4 identical cells
c. binary fission; the injury would trigger cell division to replace those cells; results in 4 identical cells
d. binary fission; the injury would trigger cell division to replace those cells; results in 2 identical cells
Answer:
a. mitosis; the injury would trigger cell division to replace those cells ; results in 2 identical cells
Explanation:
Mitosis is the cell-creation process that an animal would undergo while healing a cut. It is a division that results in two daughter cells. The answer is not binary fission as that is an asexual reproductive method that occurs most often in simple, single-celled organisms like bacteria. It would not be used in the body during the process of healing a cut. The answer is not that it results in 4 identical cells, as mitosis (which is the process used in healing a cut) can only result in 2 identical daughter cells, not four. 4 resulting cells is characteristic of meiosis, which differs from mitosis as each of the 4 daughter cells created in this process are genetically unique and only contain half as much DNA as the parent cell. With these understandings in mind, you can rule out all options other than A.
Why are urchin barrens positively correlated with the presence of killer whales?.
Urchin barrens positively correlated with the presence of killer whales because it is is easier to find sea otters near the urchin barrens than in any other place in the sea.
An urchin barren is an area part of the ocean that is shallow, where the population growth of sea urchins has not been checked on leading to unlimited grazing of kelp forests. The kelp forests provide food and habitat for various species.
Sea otter populations have declined each year. In waters where killer whales cannot be able to go, sea otters have remained stable in numbers since they cannot be attacked. The role of sea Otters is to maintain the coastal kelp bed by controlling the sea urchin population which grazes on kelp.
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feed conversion ratio, defined as pounds of feed consumed per pounds of animal growth, is the lowest for:
Feed conversion ratio, defined as the feed consumed per pounds of animal growth, is the lowest when feed efficiency is lower then 2.
Feed conversion efficiency is simple calculation where total weight of feed is divided by the net production.
Feed Conversion Ratios are most important as they tells the farmer how much amount of feed will be required for growth cycle of animals. A good feed conversion ratio for cattle is between three and a half to four. That indicate for every three and a half pounds of feed, the animal should gain one pound of weight. Anything above four is considered to be very efficient, while anything below three and a half is not less or not considered good.
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In a species of beetles, males that have large horns are better able to fight off other males for access to females. This is an example of _______ selection.
Answer:
In a species of beetles, males that have large horns are better able to fight off other males for access to females. This is an example of intrasexual selection.
Explanation:
Intrasexual selection can refer to the act of competing with members of one's own sex (for status, tangible resources, or directly for access to mates) as well as the evolutionary process that shapes the traits employed in this competition.
Chimpanzee communication involves different combinations of sounds. What are some examples of these sounds?.
Grunts, pants, and hoots are examples of sounds of Chimpanzee communication involving different combinations of sounds.
There are many different vocalizations made by chimpanzees, including hoots, pant-hoots, pant-grunts, pant-barks, rough-grunts, nest-grunts, alarm barks, waa-barks, wraps, screams, and copulation screams. They also make soft panting play sounds. Chimpanzees can only express themselves through body language, facial expressions, posture, and noises because they are unable to speak. Chimpanzees are capable of communicating a wide range of messages to one another by combining the gestures at their disposal.
Different contexts were found to be used for sounds with and without panting. For instance, single grunts were used when eating, while panted grunts were used during submissive greetings, and a single "hoo" was emitted in response to a threat, while panted "hoos" were used in interactions with other chimpanzees.
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What similarities are there in the growth of the human population compared to animal population.
The similarity that is there in the growth of the human population compared to the animal population is that the growth occurs exponentially concerning the initial specimens.
Human population dynamics, at least until the past century, have probably been governed by homeostasis and in this resembled those of other animals.
Some major factors that affect population growth in both humans and animals and also have similar results are:-
How often an organism reproduces, the number of offspring of an organism, the presence or absence of parental care, how long an organism can reproduce, and the death rate of offspring.
Moreover, the populations grow in size due to births or immigration both in the case of humans and animals.
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The spinal cord extends inferiorly from the brain through the foramen magnum, then through the vertebral canal, and ends at the level of the ______ vertebra.
The spinal cord extends inferiorly from the brain through the foramen magnum, then through the vertebral canal, and ends at the level of the first or second lumbar vertebrae.
The spinal cord's length is unknown?The spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system (CNS), which also includes the brain and other brain-related structures. The lower back is where the spinal cord terminates, where it tapers to create a cone known as the conus medullaris. The spinal cord starts at the base of the brain stem, in a region known as the medulla oblongata.
The spinal cord travels through which foramen, exactly?The occipital bone's foramen magnum is where the spinal cord exits the body. The hard palate and the upper jaw are made up of two maxillary bones, or the maxilla.
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Mutalistic microorganisms in the gut are the most critical for the mammals that consume.
Mutualistic microorganisms in the gut are the most critical for the mammals that consume dairy and lactose containing foods.
Mutualistic microorganisms are those that live in the body of an organism and provide some kind of benefit to that organism. In return the organism provides the microorganism with shelter and food. For example, E. coli is the gut bacteria that helps in digestion of lactose in mammals.
Lactose is a carbohydrate. It is specifically a disaccharide formed through a bond between galactose and glucose subunits. It is found in milk and milk-related products such as cheese, cream, etc. Lactose is essential for the absorption of a few minerals like magnesium and zinc.
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