Modify adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to give the remaining product of ATP hydrolysis. Select Draw Rings More Erase H 0 р N NH, N 0 0 0 = = o ATP+H,0 P. + 0 OH OH

None of them are true statements regarding beer's law. Limiting factors, including using only diluted liquids and monochromatic light, must be taken into account when applying legislation to any analysis.

The following is stated by Beer's law: The sample concentration and sample path length for a particular substance are directly related to the light absorbance.

You can see from the formula for absorbance that it depends on three things: the solution's molar absorptivity, the path length, or the distance traveled by light in the sample cell, and the solution's concentration.

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1.00029 is possibility of repeating unit of  polymers. In the given given figure, unit structures for the polymers.

P is probability of repeating unit.

Relation between weight average molecular weight Mw / number average molecular weight,  Mn =1+P

 Mw/Mn= 1+P

Degree of polymerization K = 1/ (1-P)

P = 1 + 1/K = 1 + 1/3420 = 1 + 0.00029 = 1.00029 is possibility of repeating unit of  polymers.

Hence, 1.00029 is possibility of repeating unit of  polymers.

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The pollutants which may be released into the environment during the production or incorrect disposal of batteries include the following:

A. SO₂

C. Toxic metals

D. CO₂

In Science, a pollutant can be defined as a harmful, poisonous and toxic chemical substance or chemical compound that is capable of causing physical degradation or contamination to the environment through emission such as the burning of coal, production of batteries, or incorrect disposal of batteries.

Generally speaking, some examples of the primary pollutants that are produced from the burning of coal and incorrect disposal of batteries include the following:

In conclusion, toxic metals are most likely to be released due to the incorrect disposal of batteries or even during its production.

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Complete Question:

Which of the following pollutants may be released into the environment during the production or incorrect disposal of batteries? Select all that apply.

SO₂

H₂O

Toxic metals

CO₂

FeO

Answer Only 3. Sulfonates, Being a surfactant, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) has an impact on the surfaces it contacts. It is incorporated into a wide range of goods, including floor cleaners, toothpaste, and food thickeners.

You utilise water and oil in all of your soaps and cleaning supplies. However, they don't combine on their own.

Surfactants, however, bring them closer. The linked oil and water molecules in soap rub against grime and grease to produce cleansing force.

Surfactants are used in so many products because of this. They mix the components necessary for cleaning. ‌

Making sodium lauryl sulphate is very simple, cheap, and effective in a variety of applications. In many popular goods found in the home and at work, it is labelled as an ingredient.

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The solid which has the described property is aluminium. Aluminium in solid state does not conduct but in its molten state it conducts.

Aluminium is 13th element in periodic table. Al is an electron deficient metal  but it is placed among the non-metals since it does not conduct electricity in its solid state.

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it converts from its solid state to liquid state. Al has a boiling point of 2400 °C. It is because of its solid nature and strong intermolecular fore of attraction.

Some solid will breaks easily when a damping force is applied and this breaking tendency is called brittlessness. Al is brittle in nature and not as hard as pure metals.

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Option (b). 22 g He have the greatest volume at STP because it has the lower molar mass.

1 mole of gas at STP will have volume 22.4L (for all gases)

Mole is defined as the amount of a substance that contains the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 g of isotopically pure carbon-12 .  It allows determination of the number of molecules or atoms by weighing them.      

         number of moles = mass / molar mass 

mass is the same for all. if moles will be high then the volume will be high . the mole will be high only which have a lower molar mass . The molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance. For an element, the molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of atoms of that element for a covalent molecular compound it is the mass of 1 mole of molecules of that compound. for an ionic compound, it is the mass of 1 mole of formula units. so in all, He has a lower molar mass. so it will have highest no of moles.

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Concentration of solution having pH 6.45 is 3.55 * 10 -7 M. Concentration of solution having pH 5.28 is 1.90 * 10 -9 M and pH of the solution is 5.45.

pH of a solution is the measure of hydrogen ion concentration, which in turn is a measure of its acidity. Pure water dissociates slightly into equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxyl (OH−) ions.

Concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution. A concentrated solution is one that has a relatively large amount of dissolved solute. A dilute solution is one that has a relatively small amount of dissolved solute

a.   The pH of a solution is 6.45

     pH = 6.45

     pH= -log [H+]

      = [tex]10^-6.45[/tex]

    [H+] = 3.55 * 10 -7 M

b. A solution has a pH of 5.28, find the [H+] and [OH-] concentration.

    pH = 5.28

    pH= -log [H+]

    = [tex]10^-5.28[/tex]

    [H+] = 5.25 * 10 -6 M

    As [H+] [OH-} = 10-14

     [OH-] = 10-14 / [H+]

               = 10 -14 /  5.25 * 10 -6

                = 1.90 * 10 -9 M

   As pH is less than 7 the solution is acidic.

c.  If a solution has a concentration of 3.5 . 10-6 M

    here calculated pH = 5.45

    As pH is less than 7, the solution is acidic.

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For every two QH2 that enter the Q cycle, one is regenerated and the other passes its two electrons to two cytochrome c1 centers. The free energy change associated with the Q cycle is -33.8 kJ/mol

Q + 2H+ + 2 e- --> QH2 Eo' = +0.045 V

One QH2 is created for every two that enter the Q cycle, while the other one transfers its two electrons to two cytochrome c1 centers. Even though cytochrome c can only take one electron, QH2 struggles to transfer  free energy the two available electrons to it. So, in a single Q cycle, two cytochrome c molecules are reduced, one ubiquinol molecule is created, four bare pumped into the intermembrane  free energy space, and two protons are taken up from the matrix.

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Statement 1 and statement 4 are true about the volume and temperature relationship.

Boyle's law, an experimental gas law, illustrates the connection between a confined gas's pressure and volume. It claims that when the temperature of a mass of confined gases is constant, the product of pressure and volume is similarly constant.

By this law, the temperature and volume relationship is given by,

[tex]V \propto T[/tex] where V is volume and T is the temperature at constant pressure.

From this relationship, we can tell, when the temperature of the gas increases, it increases the volume also. This is because the volume of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

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The time taken for equal volume of carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse under the same condition is 92 seconds

We know that the rate of diffusion of gases is given by the following formula:

R₁/R₂ = √(M₂/M₁) = t₂/t₁

Where

Now, we shall obtain the time taken for equal volume of carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse. Details below:

t₂/t₁ = √(M₂/M₁)

t₂ / 96 = √(44 / 48)

Cross multiply

t₂ = 96 ×√(44 / 48)

t₂ = 92 seconds

Thus, we can conclude that the time for carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse is 92 seconds

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The temperature of the reaction system will all increase the rate of a reaction.

Collision theory states that the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the number of collisions between reactant molecules. The more often reactant molecules collide, the more often they react with one another, and the faster the reaction rate.

Energetic collisions between molecules cause interatomic bonds to stretch and bend, temporarily weakening them so that they become more susceptible to cleavage. Distortion of the bonds can expose their associated electron clouds to interactions with other reactants that might lead to the formation of new bonds.

With an increase in temperature, there is an increase in the number of collisions. Increasing the concentration of a reactant increases the frequency of collisions between reactants and will, therefore, increase the reaction rate.

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Answer:

-be properly aligned to rearrange into the products

-be in contact with the other reactant rather than another molecule of itself

-have sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy of the reaction

Explanation:

Three criteria must be met for a collision to lead to a successful reaction. In general, the collision must be set up to allow the reactants to rearrange into the products. The direction of motion before the collision does not make a difference.

The first condition for a successful collision is that the collision must be between the two reactants, rather than a molecule colliding with another molecule of itself. A higher temperature will lead to more collisions between all molecules, but only collisions between the two reactants will result in a reaction occuring.

Second, the molecules must be lined up properly for the reaction to occur. For example, a molecule made up of two different elements needs to have the correct element collide with the other reactant molecule to be able to make the correct new bond.

Third, the molecules must have enough energy to overcome the activation energy necessary to make the bond rearrangements into products. A benefit of a higher temperature reaction, beyond the increased collisions, is that the molecules are more likely to have the energy needed to complete the reaction.

Answer:

Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

Explanation:

The increase in concentration of CO₂ will leads to form low pH of water because CO₂ is a acidic oxide. The temperature will also rising, this an organism that is experiencing an elevated carbon dioxide concentration most likely do.

The heat that is trapped aids in keeping the earth's temperature constant. However, the amount of heat trapped in the atmosphere will grow as CO₂ levels rise. Global warming is the process through which the earth's temperature rises as a result.

An immediate rise in CO₂ does not reduce respiratory oxygen consumption; rather, it increases with prolonged development in the field at increasing CO₂. Thus, the increase in concentration of CO₂ will leads to form low pH of water because CO₂ is a acidic oxide. The temperature will also rising, this an organism that is experiencing an elevated carbon dioxide concentration most likely do.

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The complete question is as follows:

Answer: Momentum depends upon two variables which are mass and velocity.

Explanation: Every moving thing possesses a quantity of motion, as defined by Newton. It is known as momentum nowadays. A moving object's characteristic called momentum is influenced by its mass and speed.

By dividing the mass by the speed of a moving item, one can calculate its momentum.

Momentum is equivalent to mass times speed.

Momentum has a direction and a strength, just like velocity, acceleration and force. An object's momentum moves in the same direction as its speed. A moving thing is more difficult to stop the more momentum it possesses.

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The percent yield of the reaction is 82.5%.

The actual yield divided by the hypothetical yield multiplied by 100 is known as the percent yield.

The balanced reaction is Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 \ \rightarrow\ \ \ 2FE(NO3) + 3H2O

Moles of Fe2O3 taken = 87.3/160

= 0.545 mol

Moles of HNO3 taken = 126.5/63

= 2.01 mol

0.545 mol Fe2O3 \rightarrow 6 x 0.545 mol HNO3

= 3.27 mol HNO3

But we have only 2.01 mol HNO3, so HNO3 is the limiting reagent

Theoretical moles of Fe(NO3)3 formed

= 2/6 x 2.01

= 0.67 mol

Theoretical moles of Fe(NO3)3 = 0.67 x 24

= 162.1g

Percent yield = (actual yield/ theoretical yield ) x 100

= (133.7/162.1) x 100

= 82.5%

Therefore the percent yield of the reaction is 82.5%

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Molality: This feature of solutions tells us how many moles there are in a kilogram of the solvent. It is a way of displaying any solution's concentration.

a. We have,

42.95 degrees Celsius is the freezing point of pure lauric acid.

Benzoic acid and Lauric acid have a freezing point of 47.27 C.

Cryoscopic constant =3.90∘C⋅kg⋅mol−1

We know,

Δt=kf×m

(47.279−42.950)=3.90×m

m=3.90/4.329

m=0.9mol/kg

b. We know,

Lauric acid weighs 8.02 x 10(-3) kg (w1)

Suppose there are n2 moles of benzoic acid, which means:

w2/M2=n2

Where, w2 is the solute's andmolar mass of solute.

Hence,

m=(w2/M2 × 1/w1)mol/kg

And the number of moles is given as,

n=m×w1

  =0.9×8.02×10^(-3)

  =0.0072mol

As a result, there are 0.0072 moles of benzoic acid solute.

c. The experimental molar mass of benzoic acid,

=(w2/n2) g/mol

=1.04/0.0072

=144 g/mol

d. The accepted molar mass of benzoic acid

(CH3COOH) will be,

=(7×12)+(6×1)+(2×16) g/mol

=122 g/mol

e. Following are the details of the difference between the experimental and acceptable value:

= experimental molar mass - accepted molar mass  × 10/ accepted molar mass

= 144-122 ×100/122

=18.08%

f. By repeating steps 1 to 3, the molar mass of the unknown solute will be,

Step 1: Calculation of molality

   Δt=kf×m

2.34=3.90×m

    m=0.6

Step 2: Calculation of the number of moles of an unknown solute

n2=7m×w

   =0.6×(8.04×10^(-2))

   =0.0482 mol

Step 3: Calculation of molar mass of unknown solute

M = w/n

  =    0.98/  0.0482

  =23.11

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A public good cannot be provided to one person without making it available to others as well.

A non-exclusive, non-rivalrous good is referred to as a public good. It cannot be given to just one person without also being made available to others. If one person uses it, it doesn't prevent others from doing so as well. Roads are an illustration of a public good.

Club goods and private goods are in opposition to public goods. An example of a public good is a club good. It is non-rivalrous but excludable. One example of a club good is paid streaming services. The service is not available to those who do not subscribe. However, each subscriber is equally valued by the service.

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Answer:

Explanation:

To calculate the value of the Ideal Gas Law Constant (R), we need to make some reasonable assumptions about the missing data.

First, let's assume that the atmospheric pressure is 1 atm. This is a reasonable assumption, as atmospheric pressure is typically close to 1 atm at sea level.

Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of gas produced by the reaction. We can do this by using the mass of potassium chlorate before and after the reaction. The initial mass of potassium chlorate was 191.3 mg, and the final mass was 52.9 mg. This means that 191.3 mg - 52.9 mg = 138.4 mg of potassium chlorate were converted into gas.

The molar mass of potassium chlorate is 122.55 g/mol, so 138.4 mg is equivalent to 138.4 mg / 122.55 g/mol = 1.13 x 10^-3 mol of potassium chlorate. Since the reaction produces two moles of gas for every mole of potassium chlorate, the total number of moles of gas produced by the reaction is 1.13 x 10^-3 mol x 2 = 2.27 x 10^-3 mol.

Finally, we need to calculate the volume of gas produced by the reaction. We can do this using the Ideal Gas Law, which states that the volume of a gas is equal to the number of moles of gas times the gas constant (R) divided by the pressure and temperature of the gas. Since we have already calculated the number of moles of gas and we have assumed the pressure to be 1 atm, we just need to calculate the temperature of the gas in Kelvin. The temperature of the gas in Celsius was 34.5 %€, so we can convert this to Kelvin by adding 273.15: 34.5 %€ + 273.15 = 307.65 K.

We also know that the volume of water displaced by the gas is 49.18 mL, and the height of the water column remaining is 5.8 cm. We can convert this to volume by using the formula for the volume of a cylinder: V = πr^2h, where V is the volume, r is the radius of the eudiometer, and h is the height of the water column remaining. Sincethe radius of the eudiometer is half the diameter, we can calculate the radius as 0.5 x 2.5 cm = 1.25 cm. Since the height of the water column remaining is 5.8 cm, the volume of the water displaced by the gas is π x 1.25^2 x 5.8 = 41.83 mL.

We can now use the Ideal Gas Law to calculate the volume of the gas produced by the reaction: V = nR/P * T = 2.27 x 10^-3 mol x 8.31 J/molK / 1 atm x 307.65 K = 0.721 L.

We can now use the Ideal Gas Law to calculate the value of R: R = PV/nT = 1 atm x 0.721 L / 2.27 x 10^-3 mol x 307.65 K = 8.31 J/molK.

Therefore, the value of the Ideal Gas Law Constant (R) is 8.31 J/molK.

In summary, to calculate the value of R, we made some reasonable assumptions about the missing data and used the Ideal Gas Law to calculate the volume of gas produced by the reaction. Using this information, we were able to calculate the value of R to be 8.31 J/molK.

The chain of atoms that are joined together to form the essential structure of an organic substance is called the skeletal structure.

The following sentences provide crucial guidelines for depicting skeletal structures:

1) Each heteroatom and the hydrogen atoms that are chemically connected to it.

2) A carbon atom can be found at the end of any line or at the intersection of any two lines.

3) Each carbon has four bonds because there are enough hydrogen atoms surrounding it.

These three option are the correct statements to describe the important rule for the drawing skeletal structures to represents the important structure of the organic compound.

The position of the carbon and hydrogen atoms are indicated by lines in the skeletal structure, line formula, or abbreviated formula for organic compounds. The endpoints of the lines and their intersections, as well as the hydrogen atom deduced from the number of bonds exhibited between each other, illustrate where the carbon atoms are located in the skeletal structure.

Hetero-atoms are any atoms other than carbon and hydrogen. The only hydrogen atoms that must be present in skeletal structure are those that are physically connected to a hetro atom.

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Using 645 L /s of oxygen at 195 ° C and 0.88 atm will result in 0.355kg/s of NO.

First, we go through the equation for the conversion of NH3 to NO: 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ⟶4 NO(g) +6 H2O(l). (l)

Next, we compile the data that will be used in our computations.

645 L/s O2 Volume Rate

0.88 atm of pressure

Temperature is equal to 195°C plus 273°K.

NO has a molecular mass of 30.01 g/mol.

Third, using the basic gas equation PV =n RT, we must determine how many moles (n) are contained in 645L of O2 in order to compute the number of NO moles created by this amount of O2.Keep in mind that the constant R in this equation is 0.08205Lxatm/Kxmol.

PV =n RT

n= PV / RT

n= [0.08205 Lxatm/Kxmol] x 468K / [(0.08atm x 645L/s)]

n= 14.781 moles of oxygen per second.

Fourth, now that we know how many moles of O2 will be created, we can use the equation to determine how many moles of NO will also be produced. Finally, with the help of the molecular weight, we will be able to get the total mass per second.

14.781 moles of O2 x 4 moles of NO x 5 moles of O2 x 30.01g of NO x 1 mol of NO x 1 kg of NO /1000g of NO = 0.355 kg/s of NO

Complete question:

Nitric acid is a key industrial chemical, largely used to make fertilizers and explosives. The first step in its synthesis is the oxidation of ammonia. In this reaction, gaseous ammonia reacts with dioxygen gas to produce nitrogen monoxide gas and water. Suppose a chemical engineer studying a new catalyst for the oxidation of ammonia reaction finds that liters per second of dioxygen are consumed when the reaction is run at and . Calculate the rate at which nitrogen monoxide is being produced. Give your answer in kilograms per second. Round your answer to significant digits.

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The stoichiometry calculation involves the ratios of atoms within a compound, and ratios of substances in a chemical reaction.

The stoichiometry calculation involves the relationship between the product and the reactants in the chemical rection. stoichiometry is the measurement of the element. the steps follows the stoichiometry calculation is :

1) balance the chemical reaction.

2) convert the substance units to moles.

3) by using the moles ratio to calculate the yield of the substances in the reaction.

4) convert the moles of the needed elements to the required units.

The stoichiometry calculation is mostly based on the chemical formulas of the compound.

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Answer:

2H² + 0² ---> 2H²O

Explanation:

Now there is 4 hydrogen atoms and 2 Oxygen atoms.

Zn(s) = Zn2+ (aq) + is the half-reaction on the anode, where oxidation takes place (2e-). To create Zn2+, the zinc loses two electrons. Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- = Cu is the half-reaction on the cathode where reduction takes place.

Oxidation half reaction (anode) : Mg(s) → Mg²(aq) + 2e⁻

Reduction half reaction (cathode) : Cd²(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cd(s)

Thus the overall reaction will be,

Mg(s) + Cd²(aq) → Mg²(aq) + Cd(s)

Here is an illustration of a half cell reaction at the anode: Zn(s)→Zn2+(aq)+2e−. The zinc metal loses two electrons during the process, forming the Zn2+ ion. As a result of the loss of electrons, the anode's half-cell reaction is an oxidation half-reaction.

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The all names of the atom and ion are explained in detail.

What is atom ?

An atom is made up of a core nucleus and one or more negatively charged electrons that orbit it. The positively charged, comparatively hefty protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus may be present.

What is ion ?

Depending on whether the number of electrons in an atom is higher or fewer than the number of protons in the atom, an atom can have a positive charge or a negative charge. An atom is referred to be an ION when it is drawn to another atom due to an imbalance in its electron and proton numbers.

1. Ni(NH3)4Cl2 = Tetraaminenickle(II) chloride.

2. [ crcl2(oh2)4 ]+ = tetraaquadichlorochromium(II) ion

3. [ crcl4(oh2)2 ]– = diaquatetrachlorochromate(III) ion

4. [Cr(OH2)(NH3)5]3+ = pentaammineaquachromium(III) lon

5. [ Ha(OH)Cl3 ]– = trichlorohydroxogallate (III) lon

6.cis–[ PtBrCl(NO2)2 ]2– = cis-Bromochlorodinitroplatinate (IV) ion

7. trans– [ Co(OH)Clen2 ]+  = trans-chlorobisethylenediamminehydroxocobalt (III) ion

8. [ Mn(CO)3 (C6H6) ]+ = Benzenetricarbonylmagnese (I) ion

9. Ni(CO)4 = tetracarbonylnickel ,Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel)

10. Nh4 [AuCl] = Ammonium tetrachloroaurate(III)

The set of rules for naming a coordination compound is:–

When naming a complex ion, the ligands are named before the metal ion.

Write the names of the ligands in the following order: neutral, negative, positive.

If there are multiple ligands of the same charge type, they are named in alphabetical order.

Multiple occurring monodentate ligands receive a prefix according to the number of occurrences: di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa.

Polydentate ligands (e.g., ethylenediamine, oxalate) receive bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, etc.

Anions end in -ido. This replaces the final “e” when the anion ends with “-ate” (e.g, sulfate becomes sulfato) and replaces “-ide” (cyanide becomes cyanido).

Neutral ligands are given their usual name, with some exceptions: NH3 becomes ammine; H2O becomes aqua or Aqua

Write the name of the central atom/ion. If the complex is an anion, the central atom’s name will end in -ate, and its Latin name will be used if available .

If the central atom’s oxidation state needs to be specified, write it as a Roman numeral (or 0) in parentheses.

End with “cation” or “anion” as separate words .

Therefore, the all names of the atom and ion are explained in detail.

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The following compounds in order of decreasing strength of intermolecular forces is as follows :

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ > (CH₃)₃CCH₂CH₃ > (CH₃)₃CCH₃

1) The following compounds in order of decreasing strength of intermolecular forces is as follows : as the surface are decreases the intermolecular force decrease or as branching increases intermolecular forces decreases.

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ > (CH₃)₃CCH₂CH₃ > (CH₃)₃CCH₃

2)  the compound CH₃CH₂CH₃ have the weaker van der wall forces and having the lowest boiling point.

3) the following substances in order of increasing vapor pressure at a given temperature is as follows :

SF₄  < SF₆   <  SiH₄  

SF₄ is the polar molecular and hs the lowest vapor pressure.

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Many anions-containing substances, including sulfide (S2), hydroxide (OH), carbonate (CO32), and phosphate (PO43), are frequently insoluble in water. If one of these anions is dissolved in a solution with a metal cation like Fe2+, Cu2+, or Al3+, a precipitate will result from the addition.

What do you call a precipitate that forms from a solution?

An insoluble solid that separates from a liquid solution is known as a precipitate in chemistry. Precipitation is the term used to describe the insoluble solid emerging from the solution. Most frequently, the precipitate appears as a suspension.

What kind of product will precipitate?

If the resultant chemical is water insoluble, a precipitate will develop. As an illustration, a solution of magnesium bromide is combined with a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) (MgBr2).

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The half-reaction at anode in the electrolysis of molten sodium bromide is b).2 Br- ------------> Br2 + 2e-

The electrolysis of molten sodium bromide involves passing a direct current through a molten NaBr solution. The positively charged cations (Na+) move towards the cathode where they gain electrons and become neutral atoms.

At the anode, the negatively charged bromide ions (Br-) are oxidized and the bromine atoms are released. The bromide ions are also reduced to form hydrogen gas.

At the same time, the electrons released at the anode combine with the sodium atoms to form sodium hydroxide, which is released as a liquid in the solution. This process can be used to produce hydrogen, sodium hydroxide, and bromine.

At anode : Oxidation reaction takes place

2Br⁻ ------------> Br₂ + 2e⁻

At Cathode : Reduction reaction takes place

2Na⁺ + 2e⁻ --------------> 2Na

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According to the specific heat capacity, the specific heat capacity of refrigerant is 0.00050 J/kgK.

Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree Celsius. It has units of calories or joules per gram per degree Celsius.

Specific heat capacity of a substance is infinite as it undergoes phase transition ,it is highest for gases and can rise if the gas is allowed to expand.

It is given by the formula ,

Q=mcΔT

Substitution in formula gives m=100 g, c=1.84-0.823=1.017 ,Δt=-60-(-40)=-20,Q=100×1.017×(-20)=-2034 J.

Thus, the energy change  when 100. g of 410A goes from -40.0 °C to -60.0 °C is -2034 J.

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Amounts of absorbance have no units. Centimeters are used to measure path length. The unit of molar absorptivity is derived from these two as M⁻¹cm⁻¹.

Molar absorptivity is the characteristic that gauges how strongly a chemical species absorbs light of a specific wavelength. Beer-Lambert law links a light's attenuation to the features of the medium it travels through. This law is given as A = εcl where A is the absorbance, l is the path length in centimeters, c is molar concentration in M, and ε is molar absorptivity. From the above equation, we can find the unit of molar absorptivity as,

[tex]\begin{aligned}\epsilon&=\frac{A}{c\cdot l}\\&=\frac{\text{no unit}}{\text{M\;cm}}\\&=\mathrm{M^{-1}cm^{-1}}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, the required answer is M⁻¹cm⁻¹.

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