Mitochondria in organisms inside the clade have lost their genomes via the technique of reductive (degenerative) evolution. these vestigial mitochondria are called Metamonada, mitosomes.
Mitochondria in organisms within the clade have lost their genomes via the process of reductive (degenerative) evolution. these vestigial mitochondria are called Metamonada; mitosomes.
Mitochondria are membrane-sure mobile organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy to power the cellular's biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced through the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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What is a capsid made of?
a) protein
b) glucose
c) peptidoglycan
d) adenosine triphosphate
Explanation:
Subunits of protein called capsomers
the study of the distribution of plants and animals, the diverse spatial patterns they create, and the physical and biological processes that produce earth's species richness is called
The study of the distribution of plants and animals, the diverse spatial patterns they create, and the physical and biological processes that produce earth's species richness is called Biogeography.
Species are the lowermost level of classification in the hierarchy of classification of organisms. It consists of similar type of organisms that occupy the same habitat and require same resources. The most important criteria to be called as the same species is the ability to breed among themselves and produce an offspring similar to them.
Biogeography enables to study the distribution as well as the reason for distribution of the organisms on different parts of the earth. There are three main fields of biogeography. They are: 1) historical, 2) ecological, and 3) conservation.
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a deficiency or impaired endogenous synthesis of tyrosine will most likely lead to low plasma levels of these hormones except:
A deficiency or impaired endogenous synthesis of tyrosine will most likely lead to low plasma levels of these hormones except Melatonin.
Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid produced by the body from phenylalanine. It is necessary for the manufacture of several important brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
Melatonin is a naturally occurring substance discovered in plants and animals. It is best known in animals as a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain at night, and it has long been linked to the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin is a hormone produced by your brain in reaction to darkness. It aids in the timing of your circadian rhythms (24-hour internal clock) as well as your sleep. Light exposure at night can inhibit melatonin production. Melatonin stimulation causes tyrosine phosphorylation of a protein with a high molecular weight.
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Which of the following statements are true about asexual reproduction :
a) There is no involvement of gametes.
b) One living organism divides and produces two identical species.
c) Budding, fission, spore formation are some examples for asexual reproduction.
A) a and b are true
B) b and c are true
C) a and c are true
D) a,b and c are true
Answer:
A and B are true
Explanation:
Asexual ReproductionThe repeating unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the _____.
A) sarcolemma
B) myofibril
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) sarcomere
E) myofilament
option b
The repeating unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the myofibril.
What type of cells are the pollen and ovules of the pea plant flower?
The pollen and ovules of the pea plant flower are haploid cells.
Pollen and ovules are both forms of gametophytes found in the pea plant flower. Pollen grains are haploid cells that are formed by male reproductive organs containing sperm cells. They are discharged into the air and then travel to the reproductive organs of the female. Ovules are haploid cells generated by the female reproductive organ and containing egg cells. When pollen grains come into contact with ovules, they can combine to produce a diploid cell that will eventually develop into a seed. Pollen and ovules carry distinct genetic material that is used to make the seed. This genetic material is a blend of both the male and female parent's genetic material, allowing for genetic variety.
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In 1839 a scientist named Theodor Schwan proposed a theory that later became known as the cell theory. The theory stated the following.
1.All living things are made up of cells.
2.The cell is the most basic unit of life.
The theory at the time did not include where cells came from. In 1859, Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment that showed that living cells must come from other living cells. This idea was added to the cell theory. The other two points of the theory were not discarded, so the theory was modified. Why was the older cell theory modified and not discarded?
A.
Scientific theories cannot be discarded after a certain period of time has passed.
B.
The first two ideas of the theory cannot be changed since they are scientific laws.
C.
The first two ideas of the cell theory were still supported by evidence.
D.
Scientific theories require the use of some older scientific knowledge in order to be valid.
glycolysis, which provides energy by breaking down carbohydrates like glucose, relates to activities lasting __________.
a. generally less than 3 minutes
b. 20-30 minutes
c. 3-4 hours
d. all day
Glycolysis, which provides energy by breaking down carbohydrates like glucose, relates to activities lasting Option A. Generally less than 3 minutes.
Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that breaks down glucose into two 3-carbon compounds and generates electricity. Glucose is trapped through phosphorylation, with the help of the enzyme hexokinase. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used in this reaction and the product, glucose-6-P, inhibits hexokinase.
Carbohydrates, or carbs, are sugar molecules. together with proteins and fat, carbohydrates are one of 3 fundamental vitamins located in food and drink. Your frame breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. Glucose, or blood sugar, is the main supply of power on your body's cells, tissues, and organs.
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Q 2. In fruit flie, red eye (A) are dominant to black eye (a) and long wing are dominant to hort wing. Aume that a cro wa made between fruit flie of genotype AAbb (red-eyed with hort wing) and thoe of genotype aaBB (black eye with long wing). Give the Punnett quare for the expected F2 progeny (offpring) type
Red eyes are more prevalent than green eyes in fruit flies. AaBb x aabb would be the offspring of a cross between such a short-winged, green-eyed fly as well as a long-winged, red-eyed fly.
The parents are homogeneous for these recessive features because red eyes are dominant over green eyes and large wings were dominant over small wings. A short-winged, green-eyed parent's genotype is aabb, and a long-winged, red-eyed parent's genotype is AaBb.
Red-eyed and green-eyed offspring are produced in a ratio of 1:1, as are offspring with long and short wings. One dominant and one recessive offspring result from a cross involving heterozygous dominant & homozygous recessive genes. This indicates that the parent fly's large wings and red eyes are heterozygous for the color of the eye.
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Which of the following is not true fossil
a. compression
b. Amber
c. pseudofossil
d. microfossil
Answer:
microfossil
Explanation:
because it is not
which organs and accessory structures are considered part of the upper gi tract? check all that apply.
Answer:
A. pharynx
B. duodenum
C. esophagus
D. stomach
Explanation:
what term is used to describe image noise caused by an insufficient number of x-ray photons interacting with a digital image receptor?
Quantum mottle term is used to describe image noise caused by an insufficient number of x-ray photons interacting with a digital image receptor.
A sort of radiographic noise known as quantum mottle is inversely proportional to the number of x-ray photons that leave the patient and create the radiographic image. Images will appear gritty or sandlike if there are fewer photons that reach the image receptor, causing an unfavorable fluctuation in picture densities.Due to a mistake in the predetermined exposure settings, quantum mottle noise is caused by an ineffective number of photons reaching the imaging plate (mAs and kVp). This may result in a grainy image, which can be easily fixed by modifying the mAs or kVp, depending on which is more appropriate for the clinical situation.
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loosely aggregated dna bound to proteins in a eukaryotic cell is called (what structure)? when the cell divides, this condenses into (what structure)?
loosely aggregated dna bound to proteins in a eukaryotic cell is called as chromatin. when the cell divides, this condenses into chromosomes.
Special proteins (histones) in the nucleus bundle the DNA double helix into a structure known as chromatin. To create the chromosome, the chromatin goes through further condensation. Because of this, chromosomes are the higher order of DNA organization while chromatin is of a lower order. The number of chromosomal pairs in an organism is used to measure its genetic makeup. Humans contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, for instance. The majority of live cells include a compact structure of nucleic acids and proteins called a nucleus that houses genes, which convey genetic information.
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The carbon contained in peat down to 1 meter is equivalent to how many years of fossil-fuel burning at the current rate of emissions?.
By burning fossil fuels, 3.3 billion tonnes of this enormous amount are kept in the atmosphere. Burning fossil fuels results in an annual release of 5.5 billion tons of carbon. 3.3 billion tons of this enormous amount are retained in the atmosphere.
What are fossil fuels?Decomposing plants and animals make up fossil fuels. The crust of the Earth contains these fuels, which can be burned to produce energy. One example of a fossil fuel is coal, which also includes natural gas and oil.
Plankton and plant matter are converted into fossil fuels after spending millions of years underground. Plankton decays into natural gas and oil, whereas plants turn into coal. Humans currently use coal mining, offshore oil and gas drilling, and other methods to extract these resources.
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Which of the following correctly describes the members of the foraminiferans and radiolarians?
a) They can live in either fresh or saltwater.
b) They do not divide by mitosis.
c)They secrete shells.
Foraminiferans and radiolarians secrete shells option 'C'
what is Foraminiferans?
Foraminifera are seen as an amoeba-like, single-celled protists (very simple micro-organisms) with shells or tests which inhabit the photic zone often live symbiotically with photosynthesizing orgasm like algae.
What is radiolarians?
The Radiolaria, also referred as Radiozoa, are protozoa like of single-celled protistan marine organisms of diameter 0.1–0.2 mm that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule and they are holoplanktonic protozoa and form part of the zooplankton basically dwell in open-ocean locations
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some paleoanthropologists claim that neandertals were inefficient hunters. identify the evidence that refutes this hypothesis.
Both Neandertals and modern Homo sapiens exhibit the same frequency of food stress, as indicated by bone growth. Stable isotope analysis indicates that Neandertals consumed meat at about the same level as contemporary carnivores.
What are the characteristic features of homo sapiens ?The humans or homo sapiens climbed trees and walked on the ground and the flexibility help to get around in a large habitats and cooperate with changing environment.
These human show Bipedalism Standing Up and Walking, Immaturity and its Consequences, dexterity, language and person hood.
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you sample a population of crabs and find that 40% are homozygous dominant, 50% are heterozygous, and 10% are homozygous recessive. what is the frequency of p in this population?
By Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium the frequency of p is 0.4.
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is an important fundamental principal of population genetics, which states that genotype frequencies in a population remain constant between generations in the absence of disturbance by outside factors.
For populations in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the equation connects allele frequencies to genotype frequencies. This equation allows us to compare a population's genetic structure in reality over time to the expected genetic structure if the population were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
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Explain how genetic information, along with an undertanding of the proce of decent with modification, enable cientit to recontruct phylogenie that extend hundred of million of year back in time
Genetic information, along with an understanding of the process of descent with modification, enable scientists to reconstruct phylogenies that extend hundreds of millions of years back in time. Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships between species, and understanding these relationships is essential for understanding the history of life on Earth.
Comparative genetics is the primary tool used to reconstruct phylogenies. In this technique, scientists compare the genetic sequences of different organisms to determine how closely related they are. By looking at the similarities and differences in the genetic sequences of different species, scientists can trace the evolutionary relationships between them. For example, the genetic sequences of humans and chimpanzees are very similar, indicating that humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor.
Scientists can also use the fossil record to reconstruct phylogenies. Fossils provide direct evidence of the evolutionary history of species, as they are the preserved remains of the organisms that lived in the past. By examining the fossil record, scientists can determine how long ago two species diverged from a common ancestor.
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reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms. State True or False your answer:
a. True
b. False
Option A) True , that reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms.
Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals are examples of reactive oxygen species that have long been thought to limit bacterial development in crucial microorganisms environments and even to shape microorganisms communities. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can harm the fundamental components of a cell, such as DNA, protein, and lipids. An enzyme called a NO synthase converts L-arginine into the reactive nitrogen intermediate (RNI) nitric oxide (NO. ), microorganisms is then followed by secondary reactions that result in the formation of the hazardous intermediates nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate. But nitrite also has hazardous qualities.
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2. explain the role the environment plays in two of the options listed on the reproductive technology options. how would this affect what parents hoped they could achieve by altering genes?
Examples of ART include invitro fertilization (IVF), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), pronuclear fallopian tube transfer (PROST), fallopian tube embryo transfer (TET), and fertilized egg intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT).
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to treat infertility. This includes fertility treatments that treat both eggs and sperm. It works by removing the egg from the ovary. The egg is then mixed with sperm to create an embryo. By this definition, ART includes all fertility treatments involving either oocytes or embryos. Generally, ART procedures involve surgically removing an egg from a woman's ovary, combining the egg with sperm in a laboratory, and either returning it to the woman's body or donating it to another woman. Unlike animal species that mostly rely on se-xual reproduction, some plants reproduce se-xually and others asexu-ally. Sexual reproduction in plants is usually dependent on pollinators, whereas ase-xual reproduction is independent of these pathogens.
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Most sympathetic effector junctions release norepinephrine but a significant number release acetylcholine instead. Which of these is an example of an organ of the cholinergic type?
A) the heart
B) a blood vessel in the skin
C) a sweat gland
D) the liver
E) the salivary glands
(C) a sweat gland
SWEAT GLAND
A sweat gland is present on the skin in the form of small tubules.Also known as sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands.It is an exocrine gland.WHAT IS CHOLINERGIC?
It is the term used for acetylcholine.Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter, secreted by pre and post ganglions neurons.There are two kinds of cholinergic receptors:1. Nicotinic cholinergic receptors: both nicotine and acetylcholine can attach to these receptors.
2. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors: both muscarinic and acetylcholine can attach to these receptors.
Hence, these receptors increase the signal transduction rate hence, the secretion of sweat is controlled.To learn more about cholinergic from the given link:
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suppose that the plasma membrane of a neuron has more k leak channels than na leak channels. what effect would this have on the resting membrane potential?
The resting plasma membrane would become more potential inside-positive as more Na+ ions leak into the cell and fewer K+ ions leak out, resulting in a net increase in the Na+ ion concentration in the cell.
A difference in voltage across the plasma membrane is produced by the selectivity of Na+ and K+ channels in the presence of concentration gradients. This voltage difference is essential for a number of biological processes, such as nerve concentration , muscle cell contraction, hormone secretion, and the regulation of osmotic concentration . The action potential's repolarization phase would be most impacted by blocking the sodium inactivation mechanism. The resting potential would remain unchanged. The action potential would merely have a longer duration than usual as the only effect.
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DNA technology is used to find cures for genetic diseases such as Huntington's disease. Which of
these best explains the use of DNA technology in curing genetic diseases with gene therapy?
a. uses medicines to alter the genetic makeup of faulty genes
b. removes the faulty gene and replaces it with a working gene
C. causes mutation in faulty genes by exposing them to high-cnergy radiation
d. removes the faulty gene from the body without replacing it with another gene
Option B: removes the faulty gene and replaces it with a working gene, best explains the use of DNA technology in curing genetic diseases with gene therapy
Gene therapy is a medical strategy that addresses the underlying genetic issue in order to treat or prevent disease. Instead of utilizing drugs or surgery, gene therapy procedures allow doctors to treat a problem by changing a person's genetic composition.
The first gene therapy technique, also known as gene transfer or gene addition, was created to:
Add a new gene to cells to aid in the treatment of a disease.Introduce a healthy copy of the gene to replace the disease-causing altered copy.To know more about gene therapy:
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What is the predicted precipitation for the area where Salem, OR is located? (What colors?)
The predicted precipitation for the Salem, OR, area is mixed precipitation, as shown in purple and as shown in the second option, and on the map, different geographical areas are shown.
What is the importance of the map?The map is important as it explains the different regions of the earth and their climate, geographic behavior, etc. and gives an idea of population, animals, plants, and human behavior. Depending upon the map, the biodiversity, the rain pattern, etc. are seen.
Hence, the predicted precipitation for the Salem, OR, area is mixed precipitation, as shown in purple and as shown in the second option, and on the map, different geographical areas are shown.
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colorless structure behind the iris, sharpens the focus of light rays onto retina. is the meaning of ___
Answer: Lens
Explanation:
Behind the iris, the lens is made up of transparent proteins called crystallin and supported by ciliary muscles. It bends the light rays passing through it, to fall on retina where receptor cells sense.
in a group of 500 people, the frequency of genotype nn is 40%. assuming both autosomal inheritance and that the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, how many individuals would you expect to have the mn genotype?
a. 68
b. 232
c. 200
d. 258
in a group of 500 people, the frequency of genotype nn is 40%. assuming both autosomal inheritance and that the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, 232 individuals would you expect to have the mn genotype.
What is genotype ?
A genotype is heritable genes passes from parents to offspring; These genes involve in encoding specific features and the characteristics can be physically expressed in an organism called as phenotype.
The genotypes of the gene can be present in three form on the basis of allele arrangement such as homozygous dominant (PP), Heterozygous (Pp) and Homozygous recessive (pp).
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FILL IN THE BLANK. dna replication results in __________ copies of a cell's genome.
DNA replication results in the formation of 2 identical copies of a cell's genome.
Replication is the process of making identical copies of the DNA. It occurs in the nucleus of the eukaryotic organism and in the nucleoid of the prokaryotes. The most essential enzyme required for replication is DNA polymerase. Each strand of DNA acts as a template for replication to occur.
Genome refers to the complete genetic material of an organism. Each cell of an organism's body is composed of the entire genome in its nucleus. The genome is composed of the entire double-stranded DNA composed of various multiple genes.
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Which term best describes a specially developed characteristic that enables an organism to live in a specific environment?
Adaptation is a specially developed characteristic that enables an organism to live in a specific environment.
What is adaptation?"Adaptation is the feature of an organism's behaviour or physical makeup that enhances the organism's capacity for survival in its environment."
Living things adjust to their environment to survive. This is so that they can live, thanks to unique characteristics. These unique characteristics have evolved as a result of gene mutation during evolution. These mutations aid in reproduction and survival and are passed down from generation to generation.
For living things to survive, adaptation is crucial. Animals that can't shift with their surroundings pass away. Genetic alterations have led to these adaptations. The altered genes are passed on to the next generation of animals by the survivors.
Examples:
Succulent plants, which store water in their short, thick stems and leaves, have evolved to thrive in this environment are the adaptation of the plants to survive in hot and dessert areas.The streamlined bodies of aquatic fish and mammals, the light bones of flying birds and mammals, the long dagger-like canine teeth of carnivores, and the long necks of giraffes for feeding in the tops of trees.To know more about Adaptation refer here:
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The picture of the question is below
According to the picture, the conclusion that statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular heart attacks is not definitive because we need to have statistically significant data results in order to reach such conclusion.
What are statistically significant data results?Statistically, significant data results can be defined as any type of data based on statistics that can only be obtained by using an N sample that is big enough to reach some type of conclusion regarding experimental data.
According to the picture, we can not be conclusive about data because we need to calculate the statistically significant parameters such as the p-value in order to determine if the data adjusts to the working hypothesis (in this case statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular heart attacks).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that statistically significant data results are fundamental to reaching any type of conclusion after experimental research.
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Construct an explanation for how the compositions and structures of these carbon-based molecules are related to the way they interact with your bloodstream
The polarity-based collision with aqueous blood causes glucose, which is primarily composed of hydrogen and oxygen as well as carbon, to dissolve in the blood.
What is glucose?Glucose is defined as a straightforward sugar having the chemical formula C6H12O6. The most prevalent monosaccharide, a type of carbohydrate, is glucose. The bloodstream carries glucose to the cells.
Lipids are mostly composed of carbon and hydrogen, which prevents the same attraction from occurring and renders them intractable. It can be packaged and transparent with lipoproteins thanks to its simplified architecture.
Thus, the polarity-based collision with aqueous blood causes glucose, which is primarily composed of hydrogen and oxygen as well as carbon, to dissolve in the blood.
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