mRNA is quickly degraded by an enzyme in the cell’s cytoplasm before a protein can be made - Translational
RNA polymerase needs additional proteins to tightly bind a gene’s promoter-Transcriptional
A protein needs to have a phosphate group added to its structure before it can perform its function- Post Translational
Prokaryotes were classified within the empire Prokaryote in the two-empire system developed by Édouard Chatton. However, prokaryotes are divided into two domains in the three-domain system based on molecular analysis: Bacteria and Archaea . Eukaryota is the third domain for organisms with nuclei. Prokaryotes are thought to have evolved before eukaryotes in the study of a origins of life.
Aside from the lack of a nucleus, prokaryotes lack mitochondria and the majority of other membrane-bound organelles which distinguish the eukaryotic cell. Prokaryotic gene expression has been primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. Epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation, as well as post-translation all influence eukaryotic gene expression.
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after many years of testing and attempted fertilizations, charlotte agrees to have her eggs extracted and fertilized in a dish and then have the resulting embryo transferred to her uterus. this procedure is called
Charlotte accepts to have her eggs removed, fertilized in a dish, and the resultant embryo transplanted to her uterus after years of testing and failed fertilizations. This is known as in vitro fertilization.
During IVF, mature eggs are extracted from the ovaries and fertilized in a laboratory using sperm. The fertilized egg (embryo) or eggs (embryos) are then placed in the uterus.
A whole IVF cycle takes roughly three weeks. When these processes are divided into sections, the procedure might take longer.
IVF is a complicated procedure that entails extracting eggs from ovaries and manually mixing them with sperm in a facility for conception.
The fertilized egg (now termed an embryo) is implanted inside a uterus few days after fertilization. When this embryo inserts itself into the uterine wall, pregnancy begins.
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leptin is an adipokine, a peptide hormone secreted by adipose tissue. it plays a major role in coordinating response systems linking the nutritional state of the body to environmental signals. for example, if the environment provides enough food, the body will build up fat reserves (triacylglycerols, or tags). the adipocytes release leptin, resulting in inhibition of food intake and increased energy expenditure. in 1949, an obese strain of mice was established that possessed a mutation mapping to mouse chromosome 6. mice that were homozygous for the mutation (ob/ob) were obese. in 1994, jeffrey friedman and colleagues characterized the ob gene and later isolated the product of the gene, a protein of 167 amino acids (designated leptin) that is exclusively produced in adipose tissue. what is the likely reason that ob/ob mice are obese?\
The likely reason that ob/ob mice are obese is due to a mutation in the ob gene, which leads to a deficiency in the production of the hormone leptin.
What is leptin ?Leptin plays a major role in coordinating response systems linking the nutritional state of the body to environmental signals. When the body has enough food, the adipose tissue (fat) releases leptin, which inhibits food intake and increases energy expenditure.
In ob/ob mice, there is a deficiency in leptin production, leading to an inability to regulate food intake and energy expenditure properly. This results in an accumulation of fat reserves, leading to obesity.
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What is the hypothesis of the bean experiment?
The hypothesis of the bean experiment is that plants will grow faster and healthier when given certain amounts of fertilizer. This hypothesis is based on the idea that plants need nutrients from the soil in order to grow, and that adding fertilizer to the soil can provide these essential nutrients and help the plants to grow.
The experiment involves growing beans in two different pots with different amounts of fertilizer. The first pot will have no fertilizer added, while the second pot will have fertilizer added. The experiment will measure the growth of the beans over a period of time and compare the results between the two pots.
It is hypothesized that the plants in the pot with fertilizer will grow faster and healthier than those in the pot without fertilizer. This is because the fertilizer will provide the plants with essential nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which they need to survive and thrive. Additionally, it is believed that the plants in the pot with fertilizer will be less likely to suffer from nutrient deficiencies and will be more resistant to diseases and pests.
The experiment will be conducted over a period of time to allow for the plants to reach maturity and to track the differences in growth between the two pots. At the end of the experiment, the results will be compared.
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When studying for a vocabulary test, Catherine read one of her vocabulary words and its definition aloud several times. About twenty seconds later, she still remembered the word’s meaning, but then she moved on to the next word in the list without engaging in any further strategies to enhance her memory. The next day, she tested herself on the same vocabulary word at the same time, in the same mood, and in the same location as when she had first studied the word, but she could not remember its definition. It is most likely that Catherine could not remember the word because she failed to engage which of the following memory functions?
answer choices
Sensory memory, because Catherine did not pair the word with one of her senses to remember it the next day.
Long-term memory, because Catherine failed to encode the word; therefore, the word did not become a part of her long-term memory.
Retrieval, because though Catherine probably stored the memory, it was difficult for her to retrieve it.
State-dependent memory, because Catherine was too anxious to perform well.
Context-dependent memory, because Catherine did not study the word in a variety of locations.
It is most likely that Catherine could not remember the word because she failed to engage this memory functions: B. long-term memory, because Catherine failed to encode the word; therefore, the word did not become a part of her long-term memory.
What is long term memory?Long term memory can be defined as the ability of a person to retain and remember events for a long period of time without forgetting.
This scenario best illustrate long term memory based on the fact that she could not encode or remember the word in which as a result of this the word was not part of her long-term memory.
Therefore we can conclude that the correct option is B.
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What are 2 identical cells?
A cell copies all of its components, including its chromosomes, and separates to generate two identical daughter cells during mitosis.
Mitosis is the process by which a cell splits into two identical daughter cells. Because it is critical that the daughter cells have a copy of every chromosome,
the procedure begins by duplicating the chromosomes and then carefully separating the copies to provide each new cell a complete set.
Mitosis is the process by which a cell splits into two identical daughter cells. Because it is critical that the daughter cells have a copy of every chromosome, the procedure begins by duplicating the chromosomes and then carefully separating the copies to provide each new cell a complete set.
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rail Drag the labels to identify the structures on a vertebra. Reset Help Interior articular process Vertebral foramen Ul Inferior articular facet Spinous process Pedicto Vertebral body Rol III Superior articular process Arrow passing through Transverse proces Submit Request Answer
Identify the structures on a vertebra: Ans. see the picture.
The spine, also known as the backbone, is made of a series of small bones (vertebrae) stacked on top of one another, from the base of the skull to the pelvis.
The superior articular process of the thoracic spine is a small superior projection of bone oriented in a plane that lies approximately 60 to 75 degrees to the horizontal plane (25 to 40 degrees to the coronal [frontal] plane).The transverse processes are the projections of the small bones from each vertebra's right and left sides.The spinous processes are bony projections from each vertebra's posterior (back). The spinous processes protrude where the lamina of the vertebral arches join and provide points of attachment for the muscles and ligaments of the spine.The inferior articular process is the vertebral process located on each side of the neural arch, projects downwards, and articulates with the superior articular process of the next, more caudal vertebra.The vertebral foramen houses the spinal cord and its meninges. This large tunnel that goes up and down inside all vertebrae contains the spinal cord and is usually called the spinal canalThe vertebral body is the main part of the vertebrae. It bears about 80 percent of the load while standing and provides attachment for the discs between the vertebrae. The front or anterior portion of the vertebral body protects the spinal cord and nerve roots.Pedicles are rods or stalks of tissue that connect body parts.Learn more about the structures of a vertebra at https://brainly.com/question/18621904
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How is biology connected to society?
Answer:
both biology and society are emergent systems
How do you predict proteins?
A worldwide comparison of protein structures to find homology or the usage of structural templates obtained from enzyme active regions can both be used to predict function from structure. Additionally, it is conceivable to search the protein surface for electrostatic potentials, clefts, and patches with sequence conservation.
What makes predicting protein structure so challenging?The difficulty in predicting protein structure from amino acid sequence stems from the fact that this prediction is resilient in the face of some mutations while being fine-tuned in the face of others. Small modifications to a protein's sequence, on the other hand.
What are the three analytical procedures for calculating protein content?The Dumas method, direct measurement techniques employing UV spectroscopy, and refractive index measurement are the techniques most frequently used to determine the amount of protein in food.
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Question 59 A distinguishing feature of the Squamata (lizards and snakes) is e external fertilization a shell-less ege a kinetic skull a cartilaginous skeleton Previous Question 60 You need to explain to your study group why the breathing ability of reptiles is different than that of chans that something like a terrestrial frog is identical in its breathing mechanism to a reptile. To convince theme the chica innovations of amniotes, you report that in order to breathe as a reptile does, the terrestrial trop would have develop new muscular associations and a ribcage. develop a secondary palate in the mouth grow lungs. Creduce the size of its mouth « Previous
A snake is a long, limbless reptile with a short tail and jaws that may extend to a great extent. A lizard is a reptile that normally has four legs, a long body and tail, moveable eyelids, and a rough, scaly, or spiny skin.
So, this is the main distinction between lizards and snakes. There are two categories of reptiles: lizards and snakes. Both are members of the Squamata order. They both have distinctively lengthy bodies. Additionally, both have dry skin that is scale-covered. And both have a heart that has three chambers—two atria, one ventricle. They are both cold-blooded creatures as well. They thus heat their bodies from outside sources. Both are oviparous as well. They do so by laying eggs. They are both carnivores as well.
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Are germline mutations found in gametes?
Answer:
Yes, germline mutations are found in gamets.
How does oxygen relate to photosynthesis?
During the photochemical reaction of photosynthesis, oxygen is created.
Hydrogen ions and oxygen gas are produced when water is split by the light reaction of photosynthesis. To create ATP, hydrogen ions are utilized.
The Calvin cycle is employed later in the dark reaction to create 3-carbon molecules, which are then used to create glucose, the other chemical byproduct of photosynthesis.
Water is split by the oxygen-evolving complex during photosynthetic electron transport to supply protons and electrons to the chloroplastic electron chain, resulting in the evolution of oxygen (O2) and the production of ATP and NADPH—the energy source and reducing power for plant metabolism.
The photosynthetic carbon metabolism, which consists of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylation (photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle) and oxygenation (photosynthetic carbon oxidation cycle) and has a combined electron need, uses the majority of this chemical energy.
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Why is the predator prey relationship necessary for the stability of an ecosystem
Answer:
So that they can maintain a large number of animals.
Explanation:
The animals will eventually die out because it's not eating enough of their "prey".
Each class of macromolecule has a slightly different structure and function; however, they also share many characteristics. which of the following best describes a common feature in all four classes?
Each class of macromolecule has a slightly different structure and function; however, they also share many characteristics and the best which describes a common feature in all four classes is that they contain carbon atoms which is denoted as option B.
What is a Macromolecule?This is referred to as a very large molecule which is important to the biophysical processes in the body.
Macromolecules such as protein, carbohydrate etc have the various roles they play in the body such as protein being needed for growth and repair of wornout tissues. They contain carbon atoms as main structural components and have the ability to bond with four other atoms.
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The options are:
they can be synthesized by the body.they contain carbon atomsthey contain nitrogen atoms.they are small in size.what do the chomosomes of the cell before mieosis ii look like a) same number of chromosomes but different alleles in each cell
The chromosomes of the cell before meiosis ii look like this- The cells are haploid — have only one chromosome from every homolog pair — however, their chromosomes actually comprise of two sister chromatids.
Cells move from meiosis I to meiosis II without replicating their DNA. Meiosis II is a more limited and less complex cycle than meiosis I.
In meiosis II, the sister chromatids are discrete, making haploid cells with non-copied chromosomes. During prophase II, chromosomes gather and the atomic envelope separates, if necessary. The centrosomes move separated, the axle structures among them, and the spindle microtubules start to catch chromosomes.
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What are 2 benefits of prenatal care?
Women can lower their chance of pregnancy difficulties, as well as the risks to the baby and newborn, by receiving regular prenatal care. Assist in ensuring the safety of the medications women use.
What is prenatal care so crucial?Pregnancy and birth difficulties are less likely when you receive regular prenatal care throughout your pregnancy. This helps identify any potential issues early. Make an appointment with your OB/Gyn as soon as you think you could be pregnant.Risk assessment, health promotion and education, and therapeutic intervention are the three primary elements of prenatal care [1]. Pregnancy problems for both the mother and the fetus can be avoided or identified early and treated with high-quality prenatal care.Women can lower their chance of pregnancy difficulties, as well as the risks to the baby and newborn, by receiving regular prenatal care. Assist in ensuring the safety of the medications women use.To learn more about Prenatal care refer to:
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what is the need to remove carbon dioxide from the body
Answer: Because carbon dioxide causes toxification of blood which leads to the death of human beings
Explanation: Increased carbon dioxide in human blood causes a decrease in oxygen in the blood by binding itself to the hemoglobin which causes a decrease in oxygen in the blood thereby leading to hypoxia and necrosis of the tissues in the body causing myocardial infarction which leads to death.
Can a clam live without its shell?
The clams can survive outside of its shell. When they detect danger, clams will withdraw the tubes they use to breathe and eat into their shells and clamp down on them to keep them shut.
The clams are Molluscans that belong to the Bivalvia class. A soft-bodied organism with two roughly inverted bowl-shaped shells around it, the clam. Typically, they live on ocean floors. Clams have two equal-sized shells connected by two adductor muscles and a powerful digging foot. They had gills for the exchange of gases. Its surrounding structure resembles a tentacle and aids in catching and processing food. The mantle secretes the outer shell that covers the clams.
Hence, clam's shell only provides protection.
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PLEASE HELP!!!
Briefly describe the characteristics of the infectious agents and include some examples of diseases they cause.
Viruses
Bacteria
Protists
Fungus
Parasites
Viruses, bacteria, and parasites are examples of infectious agents that can either cause cancer or enhance the probability that it will develop.
Why is it important to characterize infectious agents?For the investigation of disease outbreaks, for epidemiologic studies of the clinical course of infections, and for the evaluation of the role of infectious agents in chronic diseases, the detection and characterisation of microbial agents in biological specimens are crucial.Viruses, bacteria, and parasites are examples of infectious agents that can either cause cancer or enhance the probability that it will develop. Some viruses have the ability to interfere with the signaling that typically controls cell growth and proliferation. Many of the illnesses that viruses can cause are spreadable. Colds are one example of viral diseases.To learn more about infectious agents refer,
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4. Nutrition facts labels are required on packages of ground or chopped poultry. Labels for whole raw meats and poultry can be included on _______________ or listed in store _______________ .
Answer:
The packaging of all ground or chopped meats, such as ground beef, ground pork, and ground turkey, must include a Nutrition Facts label. Along with these ground and chopped meats, 40 of the most popular whole, raw meat and poultry cuts (sometimes referred to as "major cuts") must have nutrition information shown on a package label or at the point of sale on a store display, such as a sign or brochure.
Explanation:
What is nutrition Fact label?
In many nations, the nutrition facts label, which lists the food's nutrients and other ingredients, is a requirement for the majority of packaged foods.
Total Calories, Calories from Fat, Total Fat, Saturated Fat, Cholesterol, Sodium, Total Carbohydrate, Dietary Fiber, Sugar, Protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Calcium, and Iron are all required to be listed on a nutrition label.
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correctly label the following parts of the male reproductive system.
The body systems that enable males to have intercourse are referred to as the male reproductive system. The primary male reproductive organ, the testes are where sperm and testosterone are produced.
It is made up of internal and external structures that are in charge of producing the essential hormones for male development as well as the sperm generation, storage, and ejaculation. The scrotum, testicles, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and seminal vesicles are all parts of the male reproductive system. Each testis weighs 10–14 g, is 4-5 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, and is supported in the scrotum by the spermatic cord and dartos muscle. The production and movement of sperm, ejaculating sperm into the female reproductive canal, and the production and secretion of male hormones are all processes of the male reproductive system.
The complete question is:
Correctly label the following parts of the male reproductive system.
Urinary bladder
Rectum
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Bulburethral gland
Bulbospongiosus muscle
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what is an organism that usually has one cell and does not have organelles
Answer:
Prokaryotes
Explanation:
In biology, prokaryotes are single cellular and eukaryotes are multicellular although some are singular. Since prokaryotes are single cellular, they do not have organelles.
your uncle wants to create a dog small enough to fit into a purse. of the hundreds of dogs on his farm, he breeds only the smallest 10% of them. he then breeds only the smallest 10% of their offspring, and continues to breed only the smallest 10% of each generation. over 20 years, he observes that his group of dogs did become smaller (though not small enough to fit into a purse). which line of support does he have that his dogs have evolved?
Your uncle did saw some progress, as evidenced by his claim that he wants to breed a dog tiny enough then to hide into a pocketbook.
What qualifies as a breed?A breed is a particular group of domesticated animals that exhibits homogenous behaviour, homogeneous look (phenotype), and/or other traits that set it apart from other members of the same family.
Briefing:The basis for evolution is the evolution of a species' inherited traits over time. This shift takes place gradually over several generations, not all at once. During reproducing, the parental genes' altered distinctive expression is passed on to the progeny.
For a lengthy 20 years, he exclusively bred the tiniest ones, generation after generation. Even if his babies are not too little to fit in a handbag, evolution still took place, and the ultimate result was him delivering the tiniest puppies.
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Q.13. The protection, management and preservation of genetic diversity, species and ecosystems is
called
a) Restoration of biodiversity
c) management of biodiversity
b) conservation of biodiversity
d) destruction of biodiversity
Q-14. Invasive species is threat to biodiversity because_
a) they can be harmful to humans
c) they can outcompete native organisms for their resources
b) they can cause harm to the environment
d) all above
111
Answer:
13. b) conservation of biodiversity
14. d) all above
How is protein made in a lab?
As a consequence of transcription, an mRNA molecule is created, which then travels to the ribosome where it is "translated" into a series of amino acids to create the desired protein.
Can protein be produced in a lab?Cells are grown in bioreactors under circumstances where they can produce proteins. All the materials required for cell growth and reproduction are given to cells in a bioreactor.
These proteins are produced by cells through the transcription and translation of certain genes from their DNA into molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA), chains of amino acids, and finally fully functioning proteins.
Enzymes first read a DNA molecule's information and then translate it into an intermediate molecule.
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Broadcast spawning is best suited to which of the following types of environmental conditions?
a dry terrestrial environment
O
a wet and muddy terrestrial environment
O an open Aquatic environment
An open Aquatic environment. Fish reproduction/spawning is significantly influenced by environmental elements such as temperature, water quality, light, weather, etc.
What is spawning via broadcast?The primary method of reproduction in the sea is known as broadcast spawning, which includes dispersing both eggs and sperm into the water column, where they come into contact with one another and fertilize externally.
Which two elements might affect coral spawning?Temperature, day duration, and/or pace of temperature variation may all have a role in the long-term regulation of spawning (either increasing or decreasing). Lunar cues, or cues from the moon, are typically used to govern behavior in the short term (getting ready to spawn). The hour of sunset is typically used to determine the final release, or spawn.
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Part 3: Persuasive Open Letter
Type or neatly write out on lined paper your open letter. Make sure your letter is written with a persuasive tone
and that you use evidence from research to support your points. Include your citations at the end of your letter
that go with your claims. You do not need to include citations for articles that you do not reference. Helpppp please
Answer:
Dear [Audience],
I am writing to urge you to take action on the issue of [issue]. Recent research has shown that [evidence supporting your claim]. This is a problem that affects us all, and it is important that we work together to find a solution.
One potential solution is [suggested solution]. This approach has been shown to be effective in [citation or evidence].
I know that change can be difficult, but I believe that the benefits of addressing this issue far outweigh any challenges. We have an opportunity to make a real difference, and I urge you to join me in [taking action].
Together, we can make a positive impact and create a better future for ourselves and future generations.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Citations:
[Citation 1][Citation 2][Citation 3]Explanation:
An example;
Dear Members of the City Council,
I am writing to urge you to take action on the issue of climate change. Recent research has shown that the Earth's temperature is rising at an alarming rate, and that this trend is largely caused by human activity. This is a problem that affects us all, and it is important that we work together to find a solution.
One potential solution is to implement a city-wide ban on single-use plastics. This approach has been shown to be effective in reducing plastic waste and mitigating the effects of climate change in cities around the world (Grist, 2018).
I know that change can be difficult, but I believe that the benefits of addressing this issue far outweigh any challenges. We have an opportunity to make a real difference, and I urge you to join me in supporting this ban.
Together, we can make a positive impact and create a better future for ourselves and future generations.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Citations:
Grist (2018). "How banning plastic bags helped this city reduce pollution". Retrieved from https://grist.org/article/how-banning-plastic-bags-helped-this-city-reduce-pollution/What is an example of sanitization?
sanitization measures, for example, exist for restaurants and other food-preparation facilities. Depending on your demands, what you do to sterilize may differ.
You may be cleaning a floor using a mop, a chemical, and water. To disinfect the plates, you may use a dishwasher.
Cleaning surfaces on a regular basis using detergent or soap and water eliminates dirt and grime (ex: floors, walls, carpet, windows).
Sanitizing eliminates dirt and traces of pathogens. Some products and surfaces are cleaned and then sanitized to eliminate filth (ex: bathrooms, counters, toys, dishes, silverware).
Chlorine compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, anionic acids, and iodophores are examples of common chemical sanitizers.
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Assessing the functioning of immune cells involves _____.
The activation, reproduction, metamorphosis, and cytotoxicity of cells are all factors that determine how well cells are functioning.
Toxic effects brought on by chemotherapeutic drugs acting on living cells are known as cytotoxicity. In order to determine if a nanoparticle will be used in a biomedical setting, cytotoxicity testing are crucial. The rapid division and proliferation of cancer cells can be stopped by cytotoxic medications. The development of other rapidly dividing cells in the body, including as the lining of the digestion and absorption and hair follicles, can also be impacted by them. Including the cancer cells, many beta cells are also negatively impacted by the treatment.
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What would happen to the concentrations of pyruvate, nadh and intermembrane h+ if the krebs cycle stopped working? decrease stay the same increase pyruvate nadh h+.
Answer:
Pyruvate would increase, NADH would decrease, and intermembrane H+ would decrease as well.
Explanation:
What are the 4 bases making up DNA?
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine are the four major DNA Bases. These bases are frequently represented by a single letter. Adenine(A), Cytosine(C), Guanine(G), and Thymine (T).
Only adenine and cytosine can pair as bases with thymine and guanine, respectively. Thymine and cytosine, which are both pyrimidine bases, and adenine and guanine, which are both purines, are the two different types of bases. The bases link up in the center of the molecule when two strands of DNA come together to create a double-strand helix.
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