The Age of Capital (1870-1914) was a period marked by significant changes in the American economic system, which saw a transition from the agricultural economy to a more industrialized economy, leading to the rise of American capitalism.
This era witnessed the emergence of the big business culture, characterized by mergers, acquisitions, and the concentration of power by a few corporate giants. In this period, the American capitalist economy was marked by the following main characteristics:
1. Economic Growth: The American economy grew significantly in the Age of Capital, driven by factors such as industrialization, mass production, and technological innovation. As a result, the U.S. became the world's leading industrial power and a significant economic player in the global economy.2. Concentration of Economic Power: The Age of Capital was marked by the concentration of economic power in the hands of a few corporate giants, often referred to as trusts. These trusts controlled large segments of the economy, leading to the creation of monopolies and oligopolies.3. Unregulated Market: During the Age of Capital, the American economy was largely unregulated, allowing businesses to operate freely without government intervention. This led to several unethical business practices such as price fixing, exploitation of workers, and anti-competitive behaviors.
4. Labor Exploitation: The rise of American capitalism was marked by the exploitation of labor, particularly of immigrant workers who were forced to work long hours under poor working conditions. Workers were often paid low wages, and labor unions were suppressed by big businesses to maintain control over the workforce.5. Investment Capitalism: The Age of Capital saw the emergence of investment capitalism, where investors sought to make a profit by investing in businesses rather than by owning them. This led to the creation of a new class of wealthy investors who accumulated significant amounts of capital and power. The Age of Capital was a period of significant economic and social change in the United States, marking the transition from an agricultural to an industrialized economy.
However, it was also marked by several negative characteristics, including the concentration of economic power, labor exploitation, and unregulated markets.
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Discuss the key elements of the planning approach to local environmental planning.
The key elements of the planning approach to local environmental planning are assessment, goal-setting, and implementation.
What are the fundamental components of local environmental planning?
Local environmental planning involves a systematic process that incorporates various key elements to achieve sustainable development and conservation of natural resources. The first element is assessment, which involves conducting a thorough analysis of the existing environmental conditions, identifying potential risks, and evaluating the impact of proposed development activities. This step ensures that decisions regarding land use and resource allocation are based on accurate and reliable information.
The second element is goal-setting. Once the assessment phase is complete, specific goals and objectives are established to guide the planning process. These goals may include preserving biodiversity, reducing pollution, promoting renewable energy, or enhancing public access to green spaces. Setting clear and measurable targets helps prioritize actions and facilitates effective decision-making.
The third element is implementation. This stage involves translating the goals and objectives into concrete actions and policies. It includes zoning regulations, land use plans, environmental impact assessments, and the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations. Effective implementation requires collaboration among various stakeholders, including government agencies, community organizations, businesses, and residents.
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Consumption demand depends mainly on_____income and propensity to consume.
Gross
Net
Disposable
Total
Consumption demand depends mainly on disposable income and propensity to consume. Propensity to consume (MPC) refers to the tendency of people to spend a portion of their disposable income on consumer goods and services.
Disposable income is the money that people have left over after paying taxes. Thus, consumption demand will increase as disposable income increases and as the MPC increases.The MPC has a direct effect on the amount of consumption spending in the economy.
If the MPC is high, consumers are likely to spend a larger percentage of their disposable income, resulting in a higher level of consumption demand. Conversely, if the MPC is low, consumers are likely to spend less of their disposable income, leading to a lower level of consumption demand.
Consumption demand is a critical component of the economy since it represents the largest share of gross domestic product (GDP) in most countries. Increases in consumption demand can boost economic growth, while decreases can lead to a recession.
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Ava wants to purchase a new car. She has saved $9,000 for a down payment for a new car. She knows that she can afford to pay $12,000 per year and that her bank will charge her 5.75% interest on the car loan. She intends to pay off the car in 5 years. Interest will be compounded annually. Of the following, which is the most expensive vehicle in her price range that she could consider? (HINT: Don't forget the amount of the down payment that Ava has saved.)
A. A Mercede selling for $53,015.
B. A BMW selling for $58,500.
C. An Audi selling for $50,500.
D. A Tesla selling for $48,100.
Ava wants to purchase a new car, and she has saved $9,000 for the down payment. She knows she can afford to pay $12,000 per year, and the bank will charge her 5.75% interest on the car loan.
The interest will be compounded annually, and she intends to pay off the car in 5 years. So, let's find out the most expensive vehicle in her price range that she could consider by calculating the total cost of each vehicle. So, the formula to calculate the total cost is:T = DP + (PMT × n) + I Here, DP = Down payment PMT = Annual Payment I = Total Interest, and n = Number of years For Mercede, the total cost is:T = 9000 + (12000 × 5) + I For BMW, the total cost is:T = 9000 + (12000 × 5) + I For Audi,
the total cost is:T = 9000 + (12000 × 5) + IFor Tesla, the total cost is:T = 9000 + (12000 × 5) + INow, let's calculate the total interest for each vehicle using the formula: I = P × (r/100) × there, P = Principal (amount of the loan)r = Annual interest rate t = Time period in years For Mercede, the total interest is: I = 53015 - 9000 = 44015P = 44015r = 5.75%t = 5 years I = 44015 × (5.75/100) × 5 = $12,659.31For BMW, the total interest is:I = 58500 - 9000 = 49500P = 49500r = 5.75%t = 5 years I = 49500 × (5.75/100) × 5 = $14,292.19For Audi, the total interest is:I = 50500 - 9000 = 41500P = 41500r = 5.75%t = 5 years I = 41500 × (5.75/100) × 5 = $11,963.44For Tesla, the total interest is:I = 48100 - 9000 = 39100P = 39100r = 5.75%t = 5 years I = 39100 × (5.75/100) × 5 = $11,271.56Now, let's substitute the value of I for each vehicle in the total cost formula. T = 9000 + (12000 × 5) + 12659.31 = $81,659.31T = 9000 + (12000 × 5) + 14292.19 = $83,292.19T = 9000 + (12000 × 5) + 11963.44 = $80,963.44T = 9000 + (12000 × 5) + 11271.56 = $80,271.56So, the most expensive vehicle in her price range that she could consider is B. A BMW selling for $58,500.
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Number 1 1. Equity and Liabilities 1. Shareholders' funds a) Share capital b) Reserves and surplus c) Money received against share warrants 2. Non-current Liabilities 3. Current Liabilities II. Assets
Equity and liabilities represent the sources of funds that have been invested in the company. Equity represents the funds invested by the owners and shareholders in the business. Liabilities represent the funds borrowed by the business from the creditors. Both equity and liabilities are the sources of financing for the company.
The various types of Equity and Liabilities are:1. Shareholders' funds: This represents the funds invested by the shareholders in the business. Shareholders' funds consist of the following:
a) Share capital
b) Reserves and surplus
c) Money received against share warrants
2. Non-current Liabilities: Non-current liabilities are those that are due for payment after a year. Examples include long-term loans, bonds, etc.
3. Current Liabilities: Current liabilities are those that are due for payment within a year. Examples include trade payables, bank overdrafts, etc.
Assets are the economic resources owned by the business that provide future economic benefits. Assets are categorized into two types:
Current Assets: These are assets that are expected to be converted into cash within a year. Examples include cash, inventory, etc.
Non-Current Assets: These are assets that are expected to provide economic benefits for more than a year. Examples include property, plant, and equipment, investments, etc.
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Suppose that:
Qs = 4p - 5 QD = 40 - 0.5p
Suppose that the Government imposes a price floor of $20. Does this create a surplus or shortage? What is the resulting decline in the Total Surplus in the Economy? What is the Deadweight Loss?
There is a surplus of 45 units (75-30) and Deaadweight loss is $1125.
A price floor is the minimum price that sellers can sell their products for, established by the government. In this question, the price floor is $20.
To determine if this price floor causes a shortage or surplus, we need to find the quantity demanded and quantity supplied at this price.
Qs = 4p - 5QD = 40 - 0.5pAt $20, QD
= 40 - 0.5(20)
= 30 units
QS = 4(20) - 5
= 75 units
The resulting decline in total surplus in the economy is the sum of the consumer and producer surplus loss, as well as the Deaadweight loss.
Deaadweight loss = 0.5*(75-30)*(20-0) = $1125.The explanation is that this is an inefficient allocation of resources because producers produce more goods than consumers demand.
There is a loss of total surplus because the sum of consumer and producer surplus is lower than it would be if the market were allowed to reach equilibrium. Deaadweight loss is the inefficiency caused by the price floor, where some mutually beneficial transactions are not taking place, resulting in lost potential gains.
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"KAR Ltd is a manufacturing company which produces and sells a single product. The
following information relates to April and May 2022:
April May
Sales volume 1,800 units 3,450 units
Production volume 2,250 units 3,000 units
a) Calculate the unit product costs using absorption costing principles.
b) Prepare a statement of profit or loss for April and May using:
i) Marginal costing principles.
ii) Absorption costing principles.
Fixed Production overheads (£’s) 13,500 13,500
The selling price per unit is £90 and the direct costs (including materials and labour) per unit
are £24. The normal level of activity is 2,700 units per month and fixed production overheads
are budgeted for £13,500 per month and a predetermined fixed cost per unit is calculated
for absorption purposes.
There was no opening inventory at the beginning of April."
The unit product costs using absorption costing principles is £29. The statement of profit or loss for April and May using Marginal costing principles is Net Profit £105,300 £214,200 and Absorption costing principles is Net Profit £75,050 £170,200.
(a) Calculation of unit product costs using absorption costing principles:
KAR LtdSales
Volume 1,800 units 3,450 units
Production Volume 2,250 units 3,000 units
Fixed Production Overheads (£’s) 13,500 13,500
Direct Costs per unit £24 £24
Predetermined Fixed Cost per unit is calculated for absorption purposes.
To calculate unit product cost, we first need to calculate the amount of Fixed Production Overheads (FPO) absorbed per unit, which is determined by dividing total FPO by the normal level of activity per month:
£13,500 ÷ 2,700 units = £5 per unit.
Production Volume in April 2022 = 2,250 units
Unit Product Cost = Direct Costs per unit + Fixed Production Overheads per unit
= £24 + £5
= £29
Production Volume in May 2022 = 3,000 units
Unit Product Cost = Direct Costs per unit + Fixed Production Overheads per unit
= £24 + £5
= £29
Therefore, The unit product costs using absorption costing principles is £29.
(b) Statement of Profit or Loss for April and May using:
Marginal costing principles.
April May
Sales Revenue (1,800 x £90) £162,000 (3,450 x £90) £310,500
Direct Costs (1,800 x £24) £43,200 (3,450 x £24) £82,800
Contribution (1,800 x £66) £118,800 (3,450 x £66) £227,700
Fixed Production Overheads £13,500 £13,500
Net Profit £105,300 £214,200
Absorption costing principles.
April May
Sales Revenue (1,800 x £90) £162,000 (3,450 x £90) £310,500
Unit Product Cost (calculated in part a) £29 £29
Direct Costs (1,800 x £24) £43,200 (3,450 x £24) £82,800
Fixed Production Overheads (2,250 x £5) £11,250 (3,000 x £5) £15,000
Cost of Goods Sold £73,450 £126,800
Gross Profit £88,550 £183,700
Fixed Production Overheads £13,500 £13,500
Net Profit £75,050 £170,200.
Therefore, the statement of profit or loss for April and May using Marginal costing principles is Net Profit £105,300 £214,200 and Absorption costing principles is Net Profit £75,050 £170,200.
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Promissory Note
Staten Island, New York March 18
Sixty days after date, I promise to pay to the order of
Mitch Hanson / $750,000
Seven hundred fifty thousand, and 00/100 Dollars with interest at 10% per year
Payable at First Nations Bank, Cincinnati OH
Due May 17 Thomas James
Determine the following:
Maker or payer of the note
Lender
Term
Face Value
Promissory note: Maker or payer of the note: The maker of the note is Thomas James.Lender: The person or entity who is lending the money is Mitch Hanson.
Mitch Hanson will receive the amount mentioned in the promissory note from Thomas James after 60 days of the issuance of the note.Term: The term of the promissory note is 60 days. It will become due on May 17th.Face Value: The face value of the promissory note is $750,000. Therefore, Thomas James will have to pay $750,000 along with 10% interest to Mitch Hanson on May 17th.
The promissory note is a written promise by one party to pay a certain sum of money to another party. This note specifies the terms and conditions, such as the amount of the loan, the interest rate charged, the date of repayment, and the person or entity who is liable for the debt.Thus, the promissory note in this case specifies that the maker of the note is Thomas James, the lender is Mitch Hanson, the term is 60 days, and the face value of the note is $750,000.
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Swiss Group reports net income of $37,000 for the year. At the beginning of the year, Swiss Group had $188,000 in assets. By the end of the year, assets had grown to $238,000. What is Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year?
Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year is 20%. Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year is 20%. The return on assets (ROA) ratio indicates how profitable a business is in terms of its total assets.
In other words, it shows how well a company's assets are being used to generate profits. It is calculated by dividing net income by total assets. Swiss Group's net income for the year is given as $37,000.
Therefore, its return on assets for the current year can be calculated as follows: Return on assets = (Net income / Total assets) × 100%Total assets at the beginning of the year = $188,000Total assets at the end of the year = $238,000Total assets for the current year = $188,000 + $238,000 = $426,000Return on assets = ($37,000 / $426,000) × 100%Return on assets = 0.0868 × 100%Return on assets = 8.68%
To convert the answer into a percentage, it is multiplied by 100. Therefore, Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year is 20%. Swiss Group's return on assets (ROA) ratio is a financial performance indicator that calculates how effectively a company's assets are used to generate revenue. The ROA ratio can be used by investors, analysts, and company management to evaluate the effectiveness of a company's investment in assets. The ROA ratio compares a company's net income to its total assets. The higher the ROA ratio, the more profitable the company is in terms of its assets. The ROA ratio is calculated as net income divided by total assets. Swiss Group's net income for the year is $37,000.
Swiss Group's total assets at the beginning of the year are $188,000, and at the end of the year are $238,000. The total assets for the current year are calculated by adding the total assets at the beginning of the year and the total assets at the end of the year.
Therefore, the total assets for the current year are $188,000 + $238,000 = $426,000.
Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year is calculated as follows:
Return on assets = (Net income / Total assets) × 100%Return on assets = ($37,000 / $426,000) × 100%Return on assets = 0.0868 × 100%Return on assets = 8.68%To convert this value into a percentage, multiply it by 100. Therefore, Swiss Group's return on assets for the current year is 20%.
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how is each property owner's tax bill determined
a subtract the tax districts tax rate from the property value
b multiply the tax districts tax rate times the taxable value of the property
c multiply the tax districts tax rate times the gross assessed value of the property
d divide the gross accessed value by the net value and then multiply that amount times the taxing districts tax rate
The way each property owner's tax bill is determined is to multiply the tax district's tax rate times the taxable value of the property. Option B is correct.
Property tax bills are based on a rate per $1,000 of taxable value of the property, rather than the actual assessed value of the property. The taxable value of the property is what is used to calculate the property owner's tax bill. The taxable value is a percentage of the assessed value. It is determined by subtracting any applicable exemptions or adjustments from the assessed value of the property.
The taxable value of the property is then multiplied by the tax district's tax rate to determine the amount of property tax that the property owner owes.
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In a sell or process further decision, joint costs are:
sunk costs.
opportunity costs.
relevant costs.
incremental costs.
In a sell or process further decision, joint costs are relevant costs.
Joint costs refer to costs incurred in a production process where multiple products or outputs are produced simultaneously from a common input. When deciding whether to sell a product at the split-off point or process it further, joint costs are considered relevant costs. Relevant costs are costs that are future-oriented and differ among alternative courses of action.
Sunk costs are costs that have already been incurred and are not relevant to decision-making. Opportunity costs are the benefits forgone by choosing one alternative over another. Incremental costs refer to the additional costs incurred by selecting a particular alternative.
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when is consideration due to a customer treated as a separate transaction involving a purchase of goods or services from the customer?
One scenario in which consideration may be treated as a separate transaction involving a purchase of goods or services from the customer is when the supplier or vendor agrees to purchase something from the customer in exchange for payment.
Consideration due to a customer is treated as a separate transaction involving a purchase of goods or services from the customer when it satisfies certain criteria. Generally, consideration is the price or value given in exchange for goods or services provided by another party. It is due when a customer provides something of value, such as cash or a service, to a supplier or vendor.
For instance, if a customer agrees to provide a supplier or vendor with marketing services or advertising space, the consideration due to the customer may be treated as a separate transaction involving the purchase of those services.
Ultimately, whether consideration due to a customer is treated as a separate transaction involving a purchase of goods or services from the customer depends on the specific terms and conditions of the agreement between the parties. If the customer is providing something of value to the supplier or vendor in exchange for payment, it may be appropriate to treat the consideration as a separate transaction.
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q13
estion 13 1 points Save Ar On January 1, 2019, Hamad Town Co. purchased a machine for $240,000. It is estimated that the machine will have a 10-year useful life or 100,000 units over its useful life.
Hamad Town Co. incurred a depreciation expense of $[tex]8,400[/tex] in [tex]2021[/tex] for the machine purchased at a cost of $[tex]240,000[/tex].
The given scenario involves Hamad Town Co. purchasing a machine for[tex]\$\ 240,000[/tex], which is expected to have a useful life of [tex]10[/tex] years or 100,000 units. To calculate depreciation expense, the formula (Cost of an asset - Salvage value) / Useful life of asset is applied. Depreciation expense per unit is determined as [tex]\$\ 2.4[/tex]. With a total production of [tex]6,000[/tex] units over the years, the depreciation expense for [tex]2021[/tex] is calculated as $[tex]8,400[/tex]. Therefore, in [tex]2021[/tex], the company incurred a depreciation expense of $[tex]8,400[/tex]for the machine. This calculation considers the units produced and the predetermined depreciation rate per unit.Hence, Hamad Town Co. incurred a depreciation expense of $[tex]8,400[/tex] in [tex]2021[/tex] for the machine purchased at a cost of $[tex]240,000[/tex].
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in the market for cigarettes, the supply curve is the typical upward-sloping straight line, and the demand curve is the typical downward-sloping straight line. a tax of $3.50 per pack is imposed on cigarettes. the tax reduces the equilibrium quantity in the market by 5,000 packs. the deadweight loss from the tax is
To calculate the deadweight loss from the tax, we need to consider the changes in consumer surplus and producer surplus caused by the tax.
1. Determine the initial equilibrium:
Before the tax is imposed, we have an initial equilibrium quantity and price in the market.Let's denote the initial equilibrium quantity as Q0 and the initial equilibrium price as P0.2. Calculate the equilibrium quantity after the tax:
The tax reduces the equilibrium quantity in the market by 5,000 packs.The new equilibrium quantity is Q0 - 5,000.3. Calculate the new equilibrium price after the tax:
The supply curve is upward-sloping, so the tax shifts the supply curve upward by the amount of the tax.The new equilibrium price is the price at which the new quantity demanded (Q0 - 5,000) equals the new quantity supplied.Let's denote the new equilibrium price as P1.4. Calculate the change in consumer surplus:
Consumer surplus is the area above the demand curve and below the price line.The change in consumer surplus is the difference between the initial consumer surplus and the new consumer surplus after the tax.5. Calculate the change in producer surplus:
Producer surplus is the area below the supply curve and above the price line.The change in producer surplus is the difference between the initial producer surplus and the new producer surplus after the tax.6. Calculate the deadweight loss:
Deadweight loss is the loss of economic efficiency caused by the tax.It is the reduction in total surplus (consumer surplus + producer surplus) caused by the tax.The exact calculation of the deadweight loss requires more specific information about the demand and supply curves, as well as their equations and intercepts. Without this information, it is not possible to provide a precise numerical calculation of the deadweight loss.
About MarketA market is a market structure in which there are many sellers or companies that produce goods. Perfect competition market is also defined as a market that has many companies to provide services to buyers in the market.
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help with requirement 4 pls
Month Ended September 30 Assigning Costs Direct Conversion Costs Materials Total Completed and transferred out Equivalent units completed and tradot 13.000 13,000 Multiplied by: Cost per equivalent un
Requirement 4 requires us to complete the equivalent units schedule. To do this, we must calculate the equivalent units of the direct conversion and materials costs. These calculations require that we have information about the quantity and percentage of completion of each unit in the production process.
The first step in completing the equivalent units schedule is to calculate the units that were completed and transferred out of the production process during the month of September. Based on the information provided in the problem, 13,000 units were completed and transferred out of the production process during September. This number will be used in later calculations to determine the equivalent units for direct conversion costs and materials.
Direct conversion costs are the costs of the labor and overhead involved in converting raw materials into finished goods. The equivalent units for direct conversion costs are calculated by multiplying the number of partially completed units by the percentage of completion for direct conversion costs. In this case, the percentage of completion for direct conversion costs is not given, so we cannot complete this calculation.The materials equivalent units are calculated in a similar manner. We start by multiplying the number of partially completed units by the percentage of completion for materials costs.
In this case, the percentage of completion for materials costs is not given, so we cannot complete this calculation either.The last step in completing the equivalent units schedule is to calculate the cost per equivalent unit. To do this, we add together the direct conversion costs and materials costs, and then divide by the total equivalent units.
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Is it better to pay off credit debt or create an emergency fund? Why?
Answer:
“Every single day your high-interest debt goes unpaid, it's costing you money — a LOT of money — in interest,” Krawcheck says. Instead of putting your extra cash toward an emergency fund, she suggests that focusing all of it on credit card debt first will save you more in the long run.
Explanation:
cnbc.com/select/pay-off-credit-card-debt-or-save-for-emergency-fund/#:~:text=“Every%20single%20day%20your%20high,more%20in%20the%20long%20run.
An outside business associate generously offers you a gift. What is the policy in regards to accepting an item from an outside business associate?
A An item cannot be accepted from an outside business associate. If offered, given, requested, or accepted in exchange for or to induce referrals or other business that may be reimbursed by a Federal health care program.
B You may accept the gift if the Outside Business Associate assures you that there is no intent to induce a referral or other business.
C You may always accept a gift from an Outside Business Associate regardless of the situation.
The policy in regard to accepting an item from an outside business associate is an item that cannot be accepted from an outside business associate. If offered, given, requested, or accepted in exchange for or to induce referrals or other business that may be reimbursed by a Federal health care program.
An item cannot be accepted from a third-party business associate if it is provided, given, requested, or accepted in exchange for or in order to induce referrals or other business that may be reimbursed by a Federal health care program.
This policy complies with standards governing federal health-care programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. Accepting presents in exchange for referrals or other business may violate anti-kickback regulations, which are intended to prevent illegal financial agreements in the healthcare profession.
Specific policies may differ based on the organization and the jurisdiction in which it operates. To ensure compliance, always examine the organization's policies as well as any applicable laws or regulations.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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On February 4, 2020, Jackie purchased and placed in service a car she purchased for $21,600. The car was used exclusively for her business. (Use Table 6A-1 and Luxury Automobile Depreciation)
Required:
Compute Jackie’s cost recovery deduction in 2020 assuming no §179 expense but the bonus was taken:
If Jackie purchased and placed in service a car she purchased for $21,600 on February 4, 2020 and the car was used exclusively for her business, the cost recovery deduction for Jackie in 2020 is $25,200.
Bonus depreciation is a new tax provision that allows you to deduct up to 100 percent of the cost of qualified property in the year it is placed in service. Bonus depreciation is taken after the Section 179 deduction is taken. In 2020, the car purchased by Jackie is considered to be a passenger automobile, which means it is subject to a limit on the amount of depreciation that can be claimed each year. The amount of depreciation that can be claimed for 2020 is $18,000. In addition, Jackie is eligible for a bonus depreciation of 100% on the cost of the car. Therefore, the total depreciation for 2020 would be: $21,600 - $18,000 = $3,600 (depreciation for regular limits)
The bonus depreciation is $21,600 × 100% = $21,600
So, Jackie’s cost recovery deduction in 2020 assuming no §179 expense but the bonus was taken is $3,600 + $21,600 = $25,200.
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Suppose that the economy is depicted by the following relationship:
Expenditures = C + I + G + X
where: C = $100 + 0.75(Y−T)
G =$500
T =$500
I = $100
X = $150
The economy is in equilibrium at a level of real GDP or income of $
The solution to the problem of the economy in equilibrium at a level of real GDP or income of $1,000 is provided below.
Expenditures (E) = C + I + G + XC = $100 + 0.75(Y - T)G = $500T = $500I = $100X = $150We need to determine the equilibrium level of GDP or income.To solve this problem, we need to understand that the equilibrium level of GDP is where the expenditure is equal to output.
It means, the level of output produced and sold in the economy will be equal to the total expenditure incurred by the buyers of that output.The expenditure function in this economy is given by;E = C + I + G + XAnd, the consumption function is given by;C = $100 + 0.75(Y - T)
the values of I, G, T, X, and C in the expenditure function;E = C + I + G + XE = [$100 + 0.75(Y - $500)] + $100 + $500 + $150E = $100 + 0.75Y - $375 + $750E = $475 + 0.75YComparing the expenditure function with the equation of a straight line, Y = mx + b;Y = ($475 / 0.75) + (0.75Y / 0.75)Y = $633.33 + Y / 4Dividing both sides by 1 - 1 / 4;Y = $1,000Therefore, the equilibrium level of real GDP or income is $1,000.
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13.
A 6% semiannual coupon bond matures in 5 years. The bond has a
face value of $1,000 and a current yield of 6.6565%. What are the
bond's price and YTM? (Hint: Refer to Footnote 6 for the definition
The bond's price is approximately $1,019.59, and the YTM is approximately 6.6565% (annual).
To calculate the bond's price and yield to maturity (YTM), we need to use the formula for bond pricing and make some assumptions.
The formula for bond pricing is:
Bond Price = (C / (1 + r)^1) + (C / (1 + r)^2) + ... + (C + F) / (1 + r)^n
Where:
C = Coupon payment
r = Yield to maturity (YTM)
F = Face value
n = Number of periods
Given that the bond is a 6% semiannual coupon bond, it matures in 5 years, and it has a face value of $1,000, we can assume that it pays a coupon payment of (0.06 / 2) * $1,000 = $30 every six months.
Now let's calculate the bond's price. Since we have semiannual coupon payments, we will use a semiannual YTM as well.
Using the current yield of 6.6565%, we can assume that the semiannual YTM is 6.6565% / 2 = 3.32825%.
Plugging in the values into the bond pricing formula:
Bond Price = ($30 / (1 + 0.0332825)^1) + ($30 / (1 + 0.0332825)^2) + ($30 / (1 + 0.0332825)^3) + ($30 / (1 + 0.0332825)^4) + ($30 + $1,000) / (1 + 0.0332825)^5
Bond Price ≈ $27.36 + $26.56 + $25.78 + $25.03 + $914.86
Bond Price ≈ $1,019.59
Therefore, the bond's price is approximately $1,019.59.
To calculate the YTM, we need to use a financial calculator or a spreadsheet solver to find the rate that makes the bond price equal to the present value of the cash flows. The YTM for this bond is approximately 3.32825% (semiannually), which corresponds to an annual YTM of 2 * 3.32825% = 6.6565%.
Hence, the bond's price is approximately $1,019.59, and the YTM is approximately 6.6565% (annual).
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Clark Company's master budget includes $324,000 for equipment depreciation. The master budget was prepared for an annual volume of 54,000 chargeable hours. This volume is expected to occur uniformly t
The flexible-budget amount for equipment depreciation in September is $24,000, which matches the company's actual depreciation expense for the month.
To determine the flexible-budget amount for equipment depreciation in September, we need to calculate the depreciation expense based on the actual volume of chargeable hours incurred during that month.
First, let's determine the monthly depreciation rate:
Monthly Depreciation Rate = Total Annual Depreciation / Total Annual Chargeable Hours
= $324,000 / 54,000 chargeable hours
= $6 per chargeable hour
Next, we calculate the flexible-budget amount for equipment depreciation in September using the actual chargeable hours:
Flexible-Budget Depreciation Expense = Actual Chargeable Hours x Monthly Depreciation Rate
= 4,000 chargeable hours x $6 per chargeable hour
= $24,000
Therefore, the flexible-budget amount for equipment depreciation in September is $24,000. This means that the company's actual depreciation expense for the month matches the amount projected in the flexible budget.
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Complete question:
Clark Company’s master budget includes $324,000 for equipment depreciation. The master budget was prepared for an annual volume of 54,000 chargeable hours. This volume is expected to occur uniformly throughout the year. During September, Clark performed 4,000 chargeable hours, and the firm recorded $24,000 of depreciation expense.
1. Determine the flexible-budget amount for equipment depreciation in September.
You are part of the Leadership Group of your US Multinational Company. The Board of Directors are interested in further overseas expansion and has tasked the Chief Executive Officer and the Leadership team to come back to the Board with a recommendation for additional expansion. Leadership must select a country to make a Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as it has been determined that this will be the most effective way to continue the Company’s overseas activities.
Please prepare the following to be presented to the Board:
1.) Provide an overview of the current operations of your Company. Products; technology; size of the business; Organization structure including an Organization Chart.
In recommending international expansion in the form of a FDI to your Board of Directors, please discuss the following:
- Description of the competitive landscape in your industry, particularly as it relates to the overseas operation.
- Discuss Supply Chain. How will you get the raw materials to manufacture your product? How will you get product to your customers?
- Availability of required labor including labor for production; management; and technology/research and development.
- Utilizing a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 10%, please prepare an expected Return on Investment (ROI) for this project after 5 years. In order to calculate the ROI for this project you must include the initial investment in facilities fit-out and equipment; and other initial investments required (any licenses, etc.). You will need to prepare a 5 Year Pro Forma Profit and Loss Statement in order to calculate your ROI. Please assume that you will lease the facility, not build. Notate all assumptions used to create the 5 Year Profit and Loss Statement – Sales growth; components of Operating Costs; Depreciation of Fixed Assets including useful life; tax rates; etc. See Exhibit 17.3 in the textbook for an example of a Return on Investment calculation
In terms of size, our company has grown steadily over the years and currently employs over 10,000 employees worldwide. We have a vertically integrated organizational structure that encompasses various departments, including research and development, manufacturing, marketing, sales, and customer support.
Overview of Current Operations:
Our company, XYZ Inc., is a multinational corporation operating in the manufacturing sector. We specialize in the production of electronic consumer goods, including smartphones, tablets, and smart home devices. With a strong focus on innovation and cutting-edge technology, we have established ourselves as a leading player in the industry.
In terms of size, our company has grown steadily over the years and currently employs over 10,000 employees worldwide. We have a vertically integrated organizational structure that encompasses various departments, including research and development, manufacturing, marketing, sales, and customer support. This structure enables us to streamline operations and maintain a competitive edge in the market.
Competitive Landscape:
The competitive landscape in our industry is highly dynamic and globally interconnected. Our overseas operation will face competition from both established multinational corporations and local players in the target market. These competitors vary in terms of their product offerings, technological capabilities, and market presence. To succeed in the overseas market, we will need to leverage our technological expertise, brand recognition, and supply chain efficiency.
Supply Chain:
To manufacture our products, we will establish a robust supply chain that ensures a steady flow of raw materials. We will strategically source raw materials from suppliers in the target country as well as leverage our existing global supplier network. To deliver our products to customers, we will establish distribution centers and partner with local logistics providers to ensure efficient and timely delivery.
Labor Availability:
Labor availability is a critical factor in our decision-making process. We will assess the target country's labor market to ensure an adequate supply of skilled labor for production, management, and technology/research and development. This will involve hiring and training local talent while also deploying our existing workforce to support knowledge transfer and skills development.
Expected Return on Investment (ROI):
To calculate the expected ROI for the overseas expansion project, we will use a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 10%. The ROI will be based on a 5-year pro forma profit and loss statement, which will consider various factors such as projected sales growth, operating costs, depreciation of fixed assets, tax rates, and other relevant financial indicators.
Assumptions used in creating the 5-year profit and loss statement will include anticipated sales growth based on market research and demand forecasts, operating costs including material and labor expenses, depreciation of fixed assets with a useful life determined by industry standards, applicable tax rates in the target country, and any other licenses or regulatory compliance costs associated with operating in the market.
By considering these factors and conducting a thorough financial analysis, we will present the Board of Directors with an expected ROI for the proposed overseas expansion project, which will provide insights into the potential profitability and long-term viability of the investment.
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REAL ESTATE:
in order to sell real estate to public for compensation all
entities must licensed except?
a) property management companies
b) partnerships
c) corporations
d) financial institutions?
Is real estate a type of corporation or financial institution.
Real estate is not a type of corporation or financial institution. Real estate refers to a type of property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals or water. The term real estate is commonly used in legal contexts such as when buying or selling a property or in the context of a legal dispute. Real estate can also refer to the profession of buying, selling, or renting land, buildings, or housing.
Typically, a financial institution is defined as a business that processes and facilitates financial transactions like loans, mortgages, and deposits. Monetary establishments are where purchasers can really oversee profit and foster monetary balance.
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With no concern on the legality, if you are given a choice, which market structure (either perfect competition or monopoly or oligopoly or monopolistic competition) that will you choose? Explain the r
If given a choice with no concern for legality, I would choose a monopoly market structure.
A monopoly market structure refers to a situation where a single firm has exclusive control over the supply of a product or service in the market. In such a scenario, the monopolistic firm enjoys significant market power and can set prices and output levels to maximize its own profits.
By operating as a monopoly, the firm can potentially achieve economies of scale and efficiency in production. With no competition, the monopolist can also charge higher prices, leading to increased profitability. Additionally, monopolies often have the ability to invest heavily in research and development, driving innovation and technological advancements.
However, it is important to note that in a real-world context, monopolies can have negative consequences, such as reducing consumer choice, distorting market efficiency, and potentially exploiting their market power. Competition is generally considered beneficial for consumers as it leads to lower prices, increased variety, and improved quality of goods and services. Therefore, the choice of a monopoly market structure, while potentially advantageous for the firm, may not be socially optimal.
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UNITS
Beginning Work-in-Process Inventory 2,100 units
Transferred in from Assembling Department during the period 7,300 units
Completed during the period 4,300 units
Ending Work-in-Process Inventory (40% complete for conversion work) 5,100 units
COSTS
Beginning Work-in-Process Inventory (transferred in costs, $93,200;
conversion cost, $18,300) $111,500
Transferred in from the Assembly Department during the period 687,000
Conversion costs added during the period 76,800
MarineWork uses three processes to manufacture lifts for personal watercraft: forming a lift's parts from galvanized steel, assembling the lift, and testing the completed lifts. The lifts are transferred to Finished Goods Inventory before shipment to marinas across the country. MarineWork's Testing Department requires no direct materials. Conversion costs are incurred evenly throughout the testing process. Other information follows for the month of August:
The cost transferred into Finished Goods Inventory is the cost of the lifts transferred out of the Testing Department.
Read the requirements
Requirement 1. Prepare a production cost report for the Testing Department. (MarineWork uses weighted-average process costing. Round all cost per unit amounts to the nearest cent and all other amounts to the nearest whole dollar. Abbreviation used: EUP = equivalent units of production.)
MarineWork
Production Cost Report-Testing Department
Month Ended August 31
Equivalent Units
Whole
Transferred
Direct
Conversion
UNITS
Units
In
Materials
Costs
Units to account for:
Total units to account for
Units accounted for:
n/a
n/a
Total units accounted for
n/a
Transferred
Direct
Conversion
Total
COSTS
In
Materials
Costs
Costs
Costs to account for:
n/a
n/a
Total costs to account for
n/a
n/a
Cost per equivalent unit
n/a
Costs accounted for:
n/a
n/a
Total costs accounted for
n/a
Requirement 2. What is the cost per unit for lifts completed and transferred out to Finished Goods Inventory? Why would management be interested in this cost? The cost per unit for lifts completed and transferred out to Finished Goods Inventory is $nothing per lift.
Why would management be interested in the cost per unit for lifts completed and transferred out to Finished Goods Inventory?
A. Managers use the cost per lift for external financial reportinglong dash—specifically to calculate the ending inventory balances on the Balance Sheet.
B. Managers would compare the average cost per lift against their budgeted costs to determine whether the costs of the Testing Department remain under control. If budgeted costs are higher than the actual average cost per lift, then the managers have done a good job controlling costs. In contrast, if the budgeted costs are lower than the actual average cost per lift, managers will investigate the reason for the higher-than-expected costs in an effort to regain control over costs.
C. Managers use the cost per lift for external financial reportinglong dash—specifically to calculate the Cost of Goods Sold on the Income Statement.
D. All of the above are reasons why management would be interested in this cost per unit for lifts completed and transferred out to Finished Goods Inventory.
The production cost report for MarineWork's Testing Department shows 5,500 units accounted for with costs of $563,200 for materials and $76,800 for conversion. The cost per unit for completed lifts transferred to Finished Goods Inventory is not provided. Management is interested in this cost for financial reporting and cost control purposes. The correct answers are A, B, C.
MarineWork
Production Cost Report - Testing Department
Month Ended August 31
Equivalent Units
Whole Transferred Direct Conversion
UNITS
Units In 7,300 - - -
Units to account for:
Total units to account for 7,300 - - -
Units accounted for:
Transferred 4,300 - - -
Ending WIP (40% complete) 1,200 - 480 480
Total units accounted for 5,500 - 480 480
COSTS
In Materials Conversion Total
COSTS
Costs to account for: $687,000 - $76,800 $763,800
Cost per equivalent unit: - - $160 -
Costs accounted for: $563,200 - $76,800 $640,000
Total costs accounted for $563,200 - $76,800 $640,000
Requirement 2:
The cost per unit for lifts completed and transferred out to Finished Goods Inventory is not provided in the given information.
Management would be interested in the cost per unit for lifts completed and transferred out to Finished Goods Inventory for reasons A, B, C mentioned in the options:
A. External financial reporting, specifically for calculating ending inventory balances on the Balance Sheet.
B. Comparing actual average cost per lift against budgeted costs to determine cost control.
C. External financial reporting, specifically for calculating the Cost of Goods Sold on the Income Statement.
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Consider the following information:
Observations 1 2 3 4 5 6
Num. of defects 10 18 13 15 9 12
The number of runs above and below the sample median is:
Multiple Choice
a.3.
b.4.
c.none of these.
d.5.
e.6.
Option a) 3. The sample median has three runs above and below it. The sample median is surrounded by 3 runs both above and below it.
A data set's median value is the point where 50% of the data points have values that are lower or equal to it, and 50% of the data points have values that are higher or equal to it.
When you determine the median and sort the data in ascending order, you'll obtain
Notes: 5, 1, 6, 3, 4, and 2
number of flaws...9; 10; 12; 13; 15; 18
The median is the mean of the third and sixth sample values.
= (12+13)/2 = 12.5
If the samples are below or above the median, we count the samples in the order of their occurrence.
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gail used broker bob as a buyer's agent when she was interested in buying a townhome last year. she gave up that idea when she realized that she would prefer the privacy of a free-standing home. this year, she is interested in making an offer on a home that bob has listed. can bob reveal what he knows about gail's exemplary credit history to the seller?
Bob cannot reveal Gail's creditworthiness to the seller of the property she is interested in buying. He has a duty to maintain confidentiality as a buyer's agent and should only disclose information that is relevant to the sale of the property.
No, Bob cannot reveal what he knows about Gail's exemplary credit history to the seller. Bob was acting as a buyer's agent for Gail last year and is currently the listing agent for the property that Gail is interested in buying this year.
As a buyer's agent, Bob had a fiduciary responsibility to Gail, which included the duty of confidentiality. He is not allowed to disclose any information about his clients without their permission, except in a few exceptional circumstances. Even though Gail is now interested in making an offer on a home that Bob has listed, he still has to maintain confidentiality.
Bob can reveal only what he knows about the property and the seller, not Gail's financial information. His duty to the seller is to get the best possible price for the property. Revealing Gail's creditworthiness can benefit the seller, but it is not ethical or legal.
It would violate the Code of Ethics for Realtors, and it could also subject him to legal action. Moreover, it is not in Gail's best interest to have her private information disclosed without her permission.
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Which set import duties so high that prices of many imported goods rose nearly 70 percent?
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, also known as the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act of 1930, raised import duties so high that the prices of many imported goods increased by nearly 70%.
The act was designed to protect American jobs and industries, but it had a negative impact on international trade and contributed to the economic hardships of the Great Depression.
Import duties are taxes charged on goods that are imported into a country. They are imposed by governments to control the flow of foreign goods and to protect domestic industries. When import duties are high, foreign goods become more expensive, which makes them less competitive compared to domestic products.
In the case of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, the import duties were raised to protect American industries during the Great Depression.
However, the unintended consequence was that it made it difficult for foreign businesses to sell their products in the US market. The act led to retaliatory tariffs by other countries, which further decreased international trade and contributed to the economic downturn.
Imported goods became more expensive, which hurt American consumers who had to pay higher prices for foreign products. The act also made it difficult for US companies to sell their products abroad because other countries retaliated with their own tariffs. The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act had long-lasting impacts on international trade and was a significant contributing factor to the severity of the Great Depression.
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Why do we use the market rate to calculate the price of bond rather than the bond's stated interest rate? In what ways is a capital lease equivalent to a mortgage? What are the advantages and disadvantages to leasing?
We use the market rate to calculate the price of a bond rather than the bond's stated interest rate because the market rate reflects the current prevailing interest rates in the market.
The present value of a bond's future cash flows, which include periodic interest payments (coupon payments) and principal repayment at maturity, determines the bond's price. The market rate, which represents the yield investors want for investing in comparable bonds at the time of valuation, is taken into account in the present value computation. The bond price will be greater if the market rate is lower than the bond's stated interest rate and lower if the market rate is higher than the bond's stated interest rate. Using the market rate allows the bond's price to align with the prevailing market conditions.
A capital lease is a type of lease that is essentially equivalent to a mortgage. Both involve long-term financing arrangements for acquiring assets. Ways in which a capital lease is equivalent to a mortgage:
Ownership: In both cases, the lessee (in a capital lease) or the borrower (in a mortgage) gains ownership of the asset at the end of the lease or loan term, respectively, after fulfilling the payment obligations.
Financing: Both capital leases and mortgages involve borrowing money to acquire an asset.
Interest: Both capital leases and mortgages come with interest costs. The lease payments in a capital lease consist of both repayment of principal as well as interest payments.
The advantages and disadvantages to leasing are as follows:
Advantages to Leasing
Lower upfront costs: Leasing often requires lower upfront costs compared to purchasing the asset outright, making it more accessible for businesses with limited capital.
Flexibility: Leasing gives businesses access to assets without the commitment of ownership over the long term. It offers flexibility to update hardware or change capacity as necessary.
Off-balance sheet financing: Operating leases in particular may be set up so that the leased property and any related obligations are kept off the lessee's balance sheet, potentially enhancing financial ratios and creditworthiness.
Disadvantages to Leasing
Higher overall costs: Over the long run, leasing can be more expensive overall than buying the asset since lease payments accrue without creating equity in the asset.
No equity or ownership: Unlike ownership, leasing does not provide the lessee an interest in the asset through equity or ownership.
Limited customization: Because leased assets are often standardised for lease purposes, they may not be as customizable as purchased assets.
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2. The internal rate of return on an investment refers to the interest rate earned on the: a. Recovered money from an investment. b. Unrecovered balance of the investment. c. Income from an investment. d. Initial investment.
The internal rate of return on an investment refers to the interest rate earned on the: Initial investment. (Option d)
The correct answer is d. Initial investment.
The internal rate of return (IRR) is a financial metric used to measure the profitability of an investment. It represents the interest rate at which the net present value (NPV) of the investment becomes zero. In other words, it is the rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals the present value of cash outflows.
The IRR is based on the initial investment, which includes the cash outflow required to start the investment project. It does not refer to the recovered money, unrecovered balance, or income from the investment. Instead, the IRR calculates the rate of return on the initial investment to determine its profitability.
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34. Suppose you purchase a home for $780,000 and the lender agrees to make you an 80% LTV loan to be repaid over 30 years with monthly payments at a fixed rate of 7.75%. The home appreciates at a rate
We need to find out the monthly payment, as given a fixed rate of 7.75% and loan of 80% LTV, to purchase a home for $780,000 to be repaid over 30 years.To calculate monthly payment we will use PMT function in excel.
The formula for PMT is:
PMT(rate,nper,pv,[fv],[type])where rate is the monthly interest rate, nper is the number of total payments, pv is the present value of loan, fv is future value of loan, and type is used to represent whether the payment is due at the start or end of the period.
So, here the monthly payment can be calculated as follows:rate = 7.75%/12 = 0.00646nper = 30*12 = 360pv = 780000 * 0.8 = 624000fv = 0type = 0PMT(0.00646, 360, 624000, 0, 0) = -$4,438.35So,
the monthly payment is $4,438.35. Now, we need to calculate the total amount paid over 30 years.To calculate the total amount paid, we will use the formula:
Total amount paid = monthly payment * total number of paymentsTotal amount paid = $4,438.35 * 360 = $1,597,886.00
Amount paid as interest = Total amount paid - Present value of loanAmount paid as interest = $1,597,886.00 - $780,000.00 = $817,886.00
Now, the home appreciates at a rate, which is not given. Therefore, we cannot calculate the appreciated value of the home. Hence, we cannot calculate the total amount of profit earned on the home over 30 years.
Thus, the answer cannot be calculated.The monthly payment for the loan of 80% LTV, which was taken to purchase a home of $780,000, with a fixed rate of 7.75% for 30 years, is $4,438.35.
This amount is calculated using PMT function in excel.The total amount paid over the course of 30 years is $1,597,886.00, and the amount paid as interest is $817,886.00.
This means that the borrower paid an interest of $817,886.00 over 30 years, on a loan of $624,000.00. The appreciation rate of the home is not given in the question. Thus, we cannot calculate the total amount of profit earned on the home over 30 years.
Thus, the monthly payment for a loan of 80% LTV to purchase a home of $780,000, with a fixed rate of 7.75% for 30 years, is $4,438.35. The total amount paid over the course of 30 years is $1,597,886.00, and the amount paid as interest is $817,886.00.
The appreciation rate of the home is not given in the question. Thus, we cannot calculate the total amount of profit earned on the home over 30 years.
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