When local immune responses fail to control a parasite in the early stages of infection, antigen and antigen-loaded dendritic cells move to the lymphatics and then to local lymph nodes.
What are parasites?
A parasite is any organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from or at the expense of its host. A parasite cannot live, grow, and multiply without a host, For this reason, a parasite rarely kills its host, but it can spread diseases, some of which may be fatal.
There are three main classes of parasites that can cause disease in humans namely: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.
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a biochemist obtains the following set of data for an enzyme that is known to follow michaelis-menten kinetics. identify approximate value of vmax and km
Approximately, Vmax = 0.001996,Km=6. It is an enzyme that is known to follow michaelis- menten kinetics. Michaelis–Menten kinetics is one of the best-known models of enzyme kinetics.
Michaelis-Menten kinetics is one of the most well-known models of enzyme kinetics in biochemistry. The German biochemist Leonor Michaelis and the Canadian doctor Maud Menten are honored by its names. Michaelis-Menten kinetics, which was first developed as a mathematical model of enzyme reaction rates, is commonly used to explain how nutrients like oxygen are absorbed by cultured cells
The model depicts a cell (cell c) building a complex with a substrate (substrate s), consuming the substrate, and then producing a product (product p). More nutrients can then be taken in by the cell and enzyme
Slope=Km/Rmax
Km=slope/intercept=6/0.002 = 3000
Slope=(0.015-0.005)/(0.75-0.25)=6
[tex]Vmax=[s]/(Km+[s])[/tex]
Vmax = 6/(3000+6)
= 0.001996
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The cytoplasm of a cell is a thick solution consisting of water and dissolved salts and proteins.
A cell is placed in a beaker of distilled water, which is pure water with nothing dissolved in it.
a) Explain the relationship between the fluid inside the cell and the fluid in the beaker. Make sure to include the appropriate terms (isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic) in your answer.
b) What will eventually happen to the cell in the beaker?
Cytoplasm is the fluid which is present inside the cell. It is separated from the surrounding by the presence of a cell membrane. All the organelles are present in the cytoplasm of cell.
What is Cytoplasm?Cytoplasm is the fluid which is present inside the cell. It is found in all types of cells. All the cell organelles are found in this cytoplasm. The cytoplasm contains dissolved solutes and organelles in it.
When a cell is placed in a beaker full of distilled water than it is an example of hypotonic solution. A hypotonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes are more in the cell and less in the surrounding or solution in which the cell is placed. This results in the endosmosis of cell, in this the water enters inside the cell by osmosis through the cell membrane and the cell swells up and increase in size.
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fermentation generally alters the substrate and produces an acidic or alkaline byproduct. this preserves food because choose one: a. microbes prefer neutral ph to grow. b. oxygen is absent. c. free radicals form and destroy the microbial genome. d. the microbes that might use the food as a substrate generally cannot tolerate non-neutral phs..
Option C is correct. Fermentation is a process that uses microorganisms to break down large organic molecules into smaller ones.
Yeast enzymes, for example, convert sugars and starches to alcohol, whereas proteins are converted to peptides/amino acids. Fermentation is an ancient food preservation technique that involves the breakdown of carbohydrates such as starch and sugar by bacteria and yeast. Kimchi, sauerkraut, kefir, tempeh, kombucha, and yogurt are all examples of fermented foods. Fermentation is a widely used and ancient method of food preservation. Fermentation not only increases a food's shelf life and microbiological safety, but it can also make some foods more digestible and, in the case of cassava fermentation, reduces the substrate's toxicity.
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Heads of Elysia cf. marginata sea slugs sometimes pull themselves free from their bodies. The heads just keep crawling around. Within a few hours, some heads start nibbling algae again. Within about 20 days, heads from young slugs can have regrown those missing body parts, including heart and all.
Sayaka Mitoh and Yoichi Yusa are ecologists at Nara Women's University in Japan. They described the regrowth of cells and ultimately the sea slugs bodies March 8 in Current Biology.
Mitoh first noticed the sea slugs' extreme regeneration by chance. It showed up in some Elysia slugs in his lab. "We were really surprised to see the head crawling," Yusa says.
The head of a sea slug can take several hours to rip itself loose from its body. That's so slow that Mitoh and Yusa don't think the move helps slugs escape predators.
Instead, a detachable body could give the sea slug a drastic, but effective, way of fighting parasites. Mitoh monitored 82 E. atroviridis slugs infested with copepods. Three of the slugs ditched their bodies along with a lot of those copepods. Two of the three managed to grow a new body. An additional 39 of the parasitized slugs let parts of their bodies slowly fall away. In contrast, 64 more sea slugs that had been collected at the same time had no pests. And none of them threw away its body. That supports the idea that parasites could drive slug heads to detach and crawl away from their bodies.
What might help Elysia slug heads regrow a whole body is stealing, Yusa suggests. These animals can take the green sunlight-trapping energy factories called chloroplasts from algae. Very young slugs don't have any chloroplasts. "They need to pierce the cell walls of sea algae and sip the contents," he says. Once ingested, the chloroplasts remain alive inside the slugs for weeks to months.
Biologists have debated what stealing chloroplasts does for the slugs
Using what you know about cellular differentiation and the description of sea slug regeneration explain what is happening at a cellular level:?
A;Specialized cells undergo cellular differentiation to create stem cells that will grow and replace the old cells
B:Stem cells undergo cellular differentiation to create specialized cells to replace missing body parts like cardiac (heart) cells.
C:Cellular differentiation is not necessary in order for the sea slugs to regrow its missing body parts.
D:None of the above.
The description of sea slug regeneration explains that Specialized cells undergo cellular differentiation to create stem cells that will grow and replace the old cells and is denoted as option A.
What is Cell differentiation?This is referred to as the process which involves the division of cells into younger and immature cells which then evolves to form a specialized cell after maturity has been attained.
We were told that the organism which is referred to as slug is able to detach its head and grow back through the absorption of chloroplasts from algae which helps in its regeneration.
In this scenario, the slug undergoes differentiation and creates stem cells that will grow and replace the old cells which is the head and is therefore why option A was chosen.
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Which option describes how genes control the traits of a cell?
Genes become building blocks for specific structures and molecules in a cell. Those structures and molecules form the traits of the cell.
Genes code for specific structures and molecules in a cell. Those structures and molecules form the traits of the cell.
Genes are molecules that organelles are made out of. Once assembled into organelles, they form the traits of the cell.,
Genes determine how much energy goes to each organelle in the cell. The organelles form the traits of the cell.
Answer:
Genes code for specific structure
and molecules in a cell. those structures and molecules from the traits of the cell
Explanation:
Genes are capable of controlling traits by means of gene expression. The gene's DNA comprises a nucleotide sequence that corresponds to a particular amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code, that comprises a set of three codons each specifying a particular amino acid
What u. S. State includes areas that have a subarctic climate that supports a variety of wildlife, including grizzly bears, bald eagles, wolves, and bobcats?.
Alaska area that have a subarctic climate that supports a variety of wildlife, including grizzly bears, bald eagles, wolves, and bobcats.
Long, chilly (sometimes very chilly) winters and brief, mild to cool summers define the subarctic climate, also known as subpolar climate or the boreal climate. It can be found on enormous land masses, frequently away from the regulating effects of an ocean, typically at latitudes between 50° and 70°N north, poleward of the humid continental climates. The regions with subarctic or boreal climates are where the chilly air that impacts temperate latitudes to the south in winter originates.
The temperature can drop below 50 °C (58 °F) in the winter and can rise above 26 °C (79 °F) in the summer in this type of climate, which has some of the most dramatic seasonal temperature fluctuations on the globe.
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Is a table abiotic or biotic
Answer:
Abiotic
Explanation:
It's abiotic because it's not alive as it does not have any cells.
Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. Give 3 ways they are alike and 3 ways
they are different. Remember to use complete sentences and proper grammar.
19) which of the following interactions can correctly be labeled coevolution? a) the tendency of coyotes to respond to human habitat encroachment by including pet dogs and cats in their diets b) a genetic change in a virus that allows it to exploit a new host, which responds to virus-imposed selection by changing its genetically controlled habitat preferences c) a genetic change in foxes that allows them to tolerate human presence (and food) d) the adaptation of cockroaches to human habitation e) the ability of rats to survive in a variety of novel environments
b) a genetic change in a virus that allows it to exploit a new host, which responds to virus-imposed selection by changing its genetically controlled habitat preferences following interactions can correctly be labeled coevolution.
Which of the following phrases best explains how termites and the protozoans that eat within their stomach interact?Mutualism. Mutualism is a second form of symbiotic association in which two organisms cooperate for the mutual benefit of both. These are the only real instances of symbiosis, according to some experts. For instance, the protozoa that reside in the stomach of the bug have a mutualistic connection with termites.
A species' place and function in its environment—including how it satisfies its needs for food and shelter, stays alive, and reproduces—are referred to as its ecological niche. All of a species' interactions with biotic and abiotic elements of its environment are included in its niche.
Predators avoid the marks because they link them with venomousness.
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If fertilization involves two gametes that contain different alleles of a given gene, the resulting offspring is.
When the fertilization involves two gametes that contain different alleles of a gene, the resulting offspring is said to be heterozygous.
Heterozygous, in genetics, refers to having inherited different versions alleles of a genome from each parent.
An organism with one dominant and one recessive allele is said to have heterozygous genotype. This genotype is written as Bb. Genotype of organism with two recessive alleles is termed as homozygous recessive.
It is a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions are different. For example we can say, being heterozygous for hair color means you have one allele for red hair and one allele for brown hair. The relationship between two alleles affects the traits that are to be expressed.
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7. Considering function... Why is it useful to the plant to make bright red mature fruits? (What is the
ultimate purpose of mature fleshy yummy fruit?
Answer: Plants colour their fruits to flag down the right animals
Explanation: Why are raspberries red and bananas yellow?
A scientific debate has raged for decades about whether plants evolve to produce fruits of particular colours to attract particular animals to help spread their seeds. A new study appears to have finally settled it.
Researchers looked at similar plants in two similar mountain rainforests in Uganda and Madagascar and found that the palette of fruit colours in the two forests is tuned to the way the local fruit-eating animals see the world.
Hungry black bears drawn to residential areas in search of fruit trees, berries
In Uganda, most fruits ripen to a bright red — standing out against the green leaves when spotted by the birds and the local monkeys, which have colour vision similar to ours.
In Madagascar, where the mostly nocturnal lemurs can't tell the difference between red and green, the ripe fruits tend to be green — but shades of green that contrast brightly against the leaves when viewed with "lemur vision," the study, published in the journal Biology Letters, found.
Plants talking to animals
Plants typically signal to the animals when the fruit is ripe by changing its colour — something scientists consider to be a form of communication.
So it might seem obvious that plants would evolve and produce fruit of the right colour to attract the right animals to eat them.
But scientists have found proving this theory isn't so easy, and many previous studies show no evidence of that kind of evolution.
Plus, there are other possible explanations for why fruits are the colours they are. Perhaps it's just genetic, and therefore all related plants in that lineage have the same colour. Or maybe it's because the plant happens to make pigments of that colour for other plant parts.
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Which cell organelles is responsible for creating energy? A mitochondria B Golgi apparatus C nucleus D chloroplasts
Answer:
A mitochondria
Explanation:
They generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
Compare and Contrast As you read your textbook, complete the Venn
agram to compare
A Venn diagram is a useful tool for comparisons between two or more things, occasions, or individuals as well as for brainstorming. This might serve as the basis for the first step in developing a compare and contrast essay outline.
Simply create two (or three) sizable circles, each with a label that corresponds to the thing, quality, or individual you are contrasting.
Write all the characteristics that the objects share inside the overlapped area created by the intersection of the two circles. When comparing traits that are comparable, you will make reference to these qualities. You should provide all the characteristics unique to that object or person in the spaces outside the overlapped section.
What is venn diagram?
John Venn (1834–1923) popularised the Venn diagram, a common diagram type that illustrates the logical relationship between sets, in the 1880s. The illustrations are used in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics, and computer science to demonstrate basic set relationships and to teach rudimentary set theory.The set representations in a Venn diagram are plain closed curves drawn on a plane. These curves are frequently circles or ellipses.
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What are the four elements
Answer:
water earth fire air
Explanation:
long ago the four nations lived together in harmony but everything changed when the fire nation attacked
VERY VERY URGENT I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
8. Taxonomy is the science of grouping and naming organisms based on similarities and
differences
a. true
b. false
Answer:A
Explanation:A
How could selective breeding be used to reduce deforestation?
creating artificial wood
creating trees that grow more quickly
creating trees with more leaves
creating richer soil
Selective breeding can be used to reduce deforestation by creating trees that grow more quickly and is denoted as option B.
What is Deforestation?This is referred to as the process in which the forest is cleared or trees are removed from a certain area of land for other types of activities and use.
Selective breeding on the other hand is the process in which parents with certain characteristics are planted to give rise to offspring with some types of desirable traits and advantages. The trees which grow quickly will make deforestation harder which is why option B was chosen as the correct choice.
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Assuming sexual reproduction and that no mutations have occurred, which of the following offspring genotypes is NOT possible for the given parent genotypes?
Genotype B is NOT possible for the given parent genotypes.
This genotype resembles one parent's genotype. It is based on the supposition that gamete fusion and chromosomal nondisjunction did not take place. In sexual reproduction, the child receives half of its chromosomes from each parent, hence the offspring cannot have the same genotype as one parent. This explains why, throughout the meiotic process of creating gametes, the number of chromosomes is cut in half.
What is genotype?An organism's genotype is made up of all of its genetic components. The alleles or variations that an individual carries in a specific gene or genetic region are also referred to as the genotype.
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Identify the labeled structures.
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
Answer:
A. Golgi Apparatus
B. Vacuole
C. Mitochondrion
D. Nucleus
E. Cell membrane
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Which is more, 1192 milliliters or 1
liter?
Hemoglobin is the protein found in ______ blood cells that transports ______ throughout the circulatory system.
Hemoglobin is the protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the circulatory system.
The red blood cells (erythrocytes) of almost all vertebrates, with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae, and some invertebrate tissues, contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein.
The blood's hemoglobin transports oxygen from the respiratory system, including the lungs and gills, to the rest of the body (i.e. tissues). There, oxygen is released, allowing aerobic respiration to take place and produce energy for an organism's metabolic processes.
Other gases are also transported by hemoglobin, which carries some of the body's respiratory carbon dioxide (20–25% of the total)as carbaminohemoglobin, a form of hemoglobin in which carbon dioxide is bonded to the heme protein.
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How are tropical storms in the northern hemisphere different from tropical storms in the southern hemisphere?.
The difference between the tropics in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere is the rotation.
Explanation:
Tropical storms in the Northern Hemisphere rotate clockwise, while those in the Southern Hemisphere rotate counterclockwise.
The reason is something called the Coriolis effect, or Coriolis force, named for the French mathematician Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis, who published work on the effect in the 19th century. Like a record on a turntable, the earth spins at a different speed at the equator than it does at the North Pole.
The same is true of anything that spins or rotates — the outside edge of something (in this case, the equator) always spins faster than the inside edge.
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In what phase of meiosis are sister chromatids separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell? anaphase i anaphase ii metaphase ii metaphase i
The correct answer for this question is option b Anaphase ii for the question
The sister chromatids are divided and dragged to the cell's opposing ends during meiosis' Anaphase II. The two chromatids of each chromosome shift to opposing poles on the spindle following the separation of the centromeres (to which spindle fibres are linked) during metaphase II. The dissociated chromatids are now referred to as individual chromosomes.
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One reason cell divide is that organisms can
Answer:
Organisms grow because cells are dividing to produce more and more cells.
drag labels to targets in group 1 to identify the main functions of membrane proteins. drag labels to targets in group 2 to identify some components associated with the plasma membrane.
Some components associated with the plasma membrane are phospholipid bilayer ,fibers of extracellular matrix, enzymatic activity, microfilaments of cytoskeleton, attachment to ECM and cytoskeleton.
All cells contain a membrane that divides the interior from the external environment. This membrane is known as the cell membrane or the plasma membrane. A lipid bilayer that is semipermeable makes up the cell membrane. The cell membrane controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell.
A cell is shielded by its plasma membrane, often known as its cell membrane. The membrane serves a variety of purposes and also creates a stable environment inside the cell. One involves moving both hazardous compounds out of the cell and nutrients into it. Another is that the cell's membrane, which is its plasma membrane, has proteins that interact with other cells.
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Special landfills A) Hazardous waste is inserted into the ground, which may contaminate the groundwater
Injection wells B) Use double clay liners and leachate collection to prevent groundwater contamination
Incineration C) Hazardous wastes are burned and can release mercury and dioxins into the air
Portland cement D) Hazardous waste are cemented together to reduce transmission of toxins
Special landfills - Use double clay liners and leachate collection to prevent groundwater contamination
Portland cement - Hazardous waste are cemented together to reduce transmission of toxins
Injection wells - Hazardous waste is inserted into the ground, which may contaminate the groundwater
Incineration - Hazardous wastes are burned and can release mercury and dioxins into the air
What is waste?The term waste has to do with any material that you need to dispute and is not useful for any further purpose. We ought to know that the generation of waste materials is a part of the daily processes of life. The presence of waste could make it difficult for the process of the recycling of the waste and increase pollution in the immediate environment.
We have in the question several terms and we are asked to actually get the correct definition of the terms. Let us note that the correct definition would be able to explain the concept practically.
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i need help i have to submit in 20 minutes!!!
Answer:
Cell 3
Explanation:
I'm in college prep biology, so I believe I'm right.
which are the two components of a nervous system
Answer:
The nervous system has two main parts: The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
Compare and contrast Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
Explanation:
Prokaryotic Cells are single celled organisms and eukaryotes ade multicellular organisms.
Eukaryotes have cell membrane bound organelles while prokaryotes do not.
A cell goes through a predictable pattern of phases known as the Cell Cycle, which results in division of the cell to form two daughter cells. In order for a cell to successfully complete a cycle, what process must occur?
In order for a cell to successfully complete a cycle, the process must occur as the duplicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and transferred to the cell's poles opposite during the multi-step process known as the mitotic phase. Following this, the cell division occurs into two brand-new, identical daughter cells.
The M phase is a term used to describe the process of mitosis or cell division. Here, the cell divides to create two new, identical daughter cells using previously replicated DNA and cytoplasm. The four basic phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. A cell must grow, replicate its DNA, and physically separate into two daughter cells before it can divide. These actions are carried out by cells in a cell cycle, an ordered and predictable succession of processes.
The cell cycle is a cycle as opposed to a linear pathway because, at the conclusion of each cycle, the two daughter cells can restart the entire process from scratch. The cell cycle is divided into two main phases eukaryotic cells, or cells containing a nucleus: the interphase and the mitotic (M) phase.
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A scientist is studying mold cultures. She places different foods in each dish for the molds. She notices that molds with cereal for food are much lighter in color than molds with vegetables for food, and records it in her journal. This is an example of a ________________.
Qualitative Observation
Quantitative Observation
Inference
Prediction