The TCA cycle's starting and stopping requirements include the acetyl group, oxaloacetic acid, coA, citric acid, and others.
What is the TCA cycle, and what makes up the TCA cycle?
Tricaboxylic acid (TCA), commonly known as Krebs cycle, requires acetyl coenzyme A and a particular quantity of water to begin.
An substantial amount of citric acid is produced during the initial reaction between water and acetyle coA.
A molecule of coA is released as a result of this process, which is catalysed by the enzyme citrate synthase.
The following stage is isomerization, in which a substrate is converted from citrate to isocitrate.
Following decarbocylation, alfa ketoglutaric acid is produced, and succinyl coA is then oxidised to OAA in TCA cycle.
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Models are useful to scientists, but they can have drawbacks. For example, models can oversimplify a process or show only parts of the structures involved in the process. List two pros and two cons of the model you created in part A.
Two pros of the model of posttranscriptional modification and translation are:
It helps to simplify the process of posttranscriptional modification and translationIt gives a clear mental picture of the processes of posttranscriptional modification and translationTwo cons of the model of posttranscriptional modification and translation are:
it oversimplifies the process of posttranscriptional modification and translationit does not take into account all the processes involved in posttranscriptional modification and translation areWhat are models?Models are representations that are used to describe and explain processes or phenomena.
Models could include:
pictures and graphsobjects and toolsModels can be useful in explaining concepts. But they may oversimplify the concepts they ex[lainm.
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If 30% of the nucleotides in a single-stranded RNA molecule are adenine, then what percent are expected to be
thymine?
(A) 0%
(B) 20%
(C) 30%
(D) 70%
If 30% of the nucleotides in a single-stranded RNA molecule are adenine, then what percent are expected to be thymine (C) 30%
Why is adenine present in RNA?Adenine is a basic nucleotide that combines with uracil in RNA and thymine in DNA to produce nucleotides. Adenine; Adenine has a number of roles in biochemistry, including supporting cellular respiration through the production of ATP, NAD, and FAD. Additionally, DNA and RNA's chemical components are used in the creation of proteins.
One of the two purine nucleobases—the other being guanine—used to create the nucleotides of the nucleic acids is adenine. Adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds in DNA to help stabilise the nucleic acid structures. Adenine interacts to uracil in the RNA that is needed to create proteins.
Carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are the elements that make up the nitrogenous base adenine.
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why can’t a single cell constitute a system?
Answer:
Solution
Type of organisms based on cell number:
Based on cell numbers, organisms are grouped under two categories:
Unicellular organisms - organisms having a single cell.
Multicellular organisms - organisms having more than one cell or group of cells.
Unicellular organisms:
In several organisms, a single cell is capable of performing all the cell functions that are vital for its survival.
In such organisms, no division of labour is present.
There is no tissue or organ formation.
Examples - Amoeba, yeast, Chlamydomonas, etc.
The nerve cells in the human nervous system seldom undergo mitosis. Based on this information,explain why complete recovery from injuries to the nervous system may not occur.
Nerve cells are referred to as amitotic because they lack centriole, which prevents them from undergoing mitosis and dividing to create new cells. Due to the incapacity of nerve cells to repair or regenerate, injuries to the nervous system can permanently harm or cripple a person.
What is a Nervous system?The brain, spinal cord, and a sophisticated nerve network are all parts of the nervous system. The brain and the body are communicated with via this system. All bodily functions are managed by the brain. From the brain, the spinal cord descends via the back.
The nervous system performs the following four primary tasks:
controlling the body's environment internally to maintain "homeostasis" The control of body temperature is one example of this.
reflexes in the spinal cord are programmed. The stretch reflex is one illustration of this.
learning and memory.
movement control that is voluntary.
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Protein hormones are both too hydrophilic and too large to pass through the plasma
membrane. Their receptors are ------ membrane proteins with an ------ signal-binding domain.
a
peripheral; extracellular
b
peripheral; intracellular
Your answer (It was wrong)
c
integral; intracellular
d
integral; extracellular
What’s the correct answer answer asap for brainlist
Answer:
Option B) Lowering
Explanation:
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Continental drift. Much more modern day evidence has come to light to support this theory. Early on, Alfred Wegner cited the geological set of continental coast lines; it was noted that the coast lines of south America and west Africa seem to match up, today we have more evidence. Using the graphic in the statements below, elaborate on how the fossils remains of mesosaurus, A freshwater crocodile like reptile that lived between 286 in 258 million years ago, provide support for the theory of continental drift. Which statement does not apply.
I NEED THIS FAST!!! CORRECT AND FIRST ANSWER GETS BRAINLIEST ANSWER!!!!!!
Answer: The correct answer (the statement that does NOT apply) is A. Mesosarurus swam from one continent to the other in breeding pairs.
Explanation:
The remains of Mesosaurus (a freshwater crocodile-like reptile living between 286 and 258 million years ago) have been found in Southern Africa and Eastern South America. Scientists have proven that Mesosaurus was not capable of swimming between the continents, so the presence of their fossils on two continents has proven the theory of continental drift. There is additional evidence that supports continental drift, where the two continents were connected.
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{Easy} What role do water masses play in the distribution of global heat? [Penn Foster]
A. They create cyclones as part of the Coriolis effect to spread out water temperatures.
B. They cause different ocean depths, with deeper ocean pockets staying warmer than shallower ocean pockets.
C. They're involved in thermohaline circulation.
D. They make the Atlantic Ocean less salty than the Pacific Ocean.
Answer:
A they create cyclones as a part of the Coriolis effect
Mosses and lichens that break down rock into the soil for plants to begin growing in an environment examples of what?A. Interspecific competitionB. Secondary successionC. WeatheringD. A pioneer species
the correct opcion is B. Secondary succession
Where does diffusion in the kidney diffuse from and where does it diffues to?
Answer:
Being Passive in the Kidney. Firstly, small soluable molecules can passively diffuse into the liquid in Bowman's Capsule from the Glomerulus. These molecules are usually molecules of glucose, urea, salts and water and diffuse from the capillaries into the solution of plasma without the use of energy.
Explanation:
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what organ systems must be understood in detail by the medical doctors and bioengineers who devopl amputation techniques in preparation fro prothesis? explain why fro each system.
The skeletal system, the circulatory system, the neurological system, the muscular system, and the epithelial system are the ones that are affected by this problem.
What is amputation?Amputation is a surgical process in which a living person's limb is amputated. Additionally, prosthetics have been created throughout history to replace these components. To improve the quality of life for those who have had amputations, medical and bioengineering studies have dug into various elements of the body.
Circulatory system: Veins oxygenate all tissues and organs. To prevent a painful death after an amputation, the veins must be clipped and changed. To avoid dying portions, blood must flow properly.
Bones: without them, the body would be shapeless. Amputations require cutting and adapting bones to support a prosthesis.
Nervous system: All human nerves have stimuli receptors. After an amputation, nerves must be adjusted to prevent pain and discomfort from prostheses.
Muscular system: Muscles and bones allow movement. After an amputation, muscles must be changed to maximize movement and morphology for prosthetics.
Epithelial system: Skin covers the body. Therefore, after an amputation, the patient's skin must be operated on to sculpt a stump to avoid lumps, pain, and other skin issues.
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Why could the hydrosphere never be found above the atmosphere?
Answer:
because of the difference of density
Explanation:
The inside the stratosphere blocks ultraviolet radiation.
Answer here
Answer:
?Explanation:
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Place these steps in order to
describe the changes that
occur in the organization of the
chromosome as the cell progresses
into mitosis.
a. The chromosome coils more
and more tightly, forming
supercoiled DNA.
b. Condensed, replicated
chromosomes attach at a
pinched region called the
centromere.
c. DNA is wrapped around histones
at regular intervals, forming
chromatin.
d. Interactions between parts of
histones compact the DNA.
The processes of the alterations in chromosomal organisation that take place as a cell enters mitosis.
The correct order is:
1. Chromatin is created by the regular wrapping of DNA around histones.
2. The DNA is compacted by interactions between histone component components.
3. The DNA becomes supercoiled as the chromosome coils ever-tighter.
4. Chromosomes that have been duplicated and compressed attach at a point known as the centromere.
What transpires to DNA throughout mitosis?
Therefore, during mitosis, cells don't simply randomly split their DNA into two heaps for the two daughter cells. Instead, they divided up their duplicate chromosomes in a methodical order. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase are the four basic phases of mitosis.
In what way do chromosomes separate during mitosis?
A mitotic spindle, a specialised structure made of microtubules, is responsible for separating the chromosomes. The cell's cytoplasm divides during this phase. It starts as soon as mitosis is complete.
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Jonathan and Molly performed a similar lab except that in their lab they tested a slurry made from
crackers. Their results show that crackers contain both protein and fat. After checking the cracker
package, the students were surprised to find that protein and fat are not listed on the nutritional label.
No other groups in their class have results that show protein and fat present in the sample. Describe
three factors that could contribute to their erroneous results
The three factors that must have contributed to their erroneous results obtained from Jonathan and Molly is the presence of contaminants, use of unwashed test tubes and expired laboratory reagents.
What is a nutritional label?A nutritional label is defined as the description found on the packages of food products which gives the consumer an insight of the nutritional value of the package food content.
The various contents of the food are being classified under the following nutrients with their exact caloric quantity:
Carbohydrates.Proteins.Proteins.Fats.Vitamins.Minerals.Dietary fibre, andWater.The presence of protein in a food product can be tested using the Biuret reagent while the presence of fat can be tested with the use of ethanol.
If after the procedure the test turns out positive for fat and protein but should be negative, the following factors may have contributed to the error in the experiment:
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When researching a question using the scientific method, what is the next step after testing your hypothesis?
Question 2 options:
Draw conclusions.
Analyze the results.
Propose ways to duplicate your research.
Pose a question.
Answer:
propose way ...
Explanation:
Britain and France had many colonies, why should the Germans try and get some?
Answer: By obtaining colonies, they can restore Germany's position as the most prestigious, important, and influential nation in Europe.
As the bright sun shines upon the water the water slowly disappears the sunlight also gives energy to the surrounding plants to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar in the oxygen gas which changes physical and which changes chemical
Answer:
"As the bright sun shines upon the water, the water slowly dissapears." Since the water has been turned to water vapour, this is an example of a PHYSICAL change.
The second example involves a CHEMICAL change of water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen gas when the same sunshine provides energy to the nearby plants.
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Why are some microbes, including Streptococcus spp., unable to perform aerobic respiration, even in the presence of oxygen? (at least two reasons)
Because due to their evolution in settings with low oxygen levels, some species cannot conduct aerobic respiration in the oxygen-rich environment.
Species- A species is a group of organisms made up of similar individuals that are capable of crossbreeding or gene exchange. The most fundamental unit of classification in biology is the species, which also serves as a taxonomic rank. A genus is the following taxonomic rank in the biological categorization hierarchy.
Aerobic Respiration- All cellular activities are powered by energy produced by aerobic respiration. The processes result in the production of ATP, which is subsequently utilized to power additional life-sustaining processes like growth, repair, & maintenance.
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A plant cell has a water potential of -10 bars and a solute potential of -13 bars. What is the cells pressure potential?
Answer:
So, the correct answer is '-5 bars'.
8. How many valence electrons do the following
elements have?
a. magnesium
b. antimony (51)
c. chlorine
The valency of an element is the characteristic that governs how many other atoms can combine with its atoms.
a. Magnesium - 2
b. Antimony - 5
c. Chlorine - 1
What is meant by valency?An element's valency is its capacity for combination. The valency of elements in the same group of the periodic table is the same. The valency of an element is related to how many electrons are in the outer shell.
If the number of electrons in the outer shell is four or less, the valency of the atom is equal to that number.
If not, the valency is equal to eight minus the number of outer shell electrons. Calculating the valency is simple once you know how many valence electrons there are.
The valency of an element exists the characteristic that governs how many other atoms can combine with its atoms.
a. Magnesium - 2
b. Antimony - 5
c. Chlorine - 1
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It is known that the bioavailability of the drug acetylcholine esterase inhibitor she has been prescribed with is 36%. She takes a tablet that contains 1.5 mg of the active ingredient twice a day. Determine the daily amount (mg) of active ingredient that reaches her systemic circulation. (Show your calculations.)
The daily amount (mg) of active ingredient that reaches her systemic circulation is prescribed with is 36%.
What is circulatory system?A circulatory system has been defined as the system in the body that has been consists of the heart, blood vessels, arteries, veins and blood that all the combined together to the supply blood to all parts of body and takes up waste material from it.
Circulatory system have four major components and these are the heart, veins, arteries, and blood. These are the four components that combined and form cardiovascular system.
Therefore, The daily amount (mg) of active ingredient that reaches her systemic circulation is prescribed with is 36%.
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Why does evolution always lead to more advanced species?
General category: Biology.
Sub-category: Evolution.
Topic: natural selection
Introduction:
According to Darwin's theory of evolution, those members of the population with less adapted characteristics (as determined by their environment) are more likely to die. So those members with better-adapted characteristics are more likely to survive.
Explanation:The sentence "species are more advanced due to evolution" or equivalently "evolution always leads to more advanced species" is false.
According to the theory of evolution, organisms that are more adapted to certain environments survive and pass their genes from generation to generation. However, when environmental conditions change, these characteristics may not be advantageous for survival in the space where these species are found, and they may die.
An example of this is polar bears. Their fur is white, which gives them an advantage when hunting their prey since these bears can go unnoticed in the snow, which is white. However, due to global warming, this feature is no longer an advantage in certain regions where the ice has melted excessively and prey can more easily see this great hunter. However, this does not imply that the polar bear is more advanced or less advanced. It implies that the conditions of the environment influence the conditions of survival and that evolution is guided by random or provoked changes in the environment of organisms.
We can conclude that the correct answer is:
Answer:The sentence "evolution always leads to more advanced species" is false since, according to the theory of evolution, organisms that are more adapted to certain environments survive and pass their genes from generation to generation. However, when environmental conditions change, these characteristics may not be advantageous for survival in the space where these species are found, and they may die. this does not imply that the organisms in a population are more advanced or less advanced. It implies that the conditions of the environment influence the conditions of survival and that evolution is guided by random or provoked changes in the environment of organisms.
Which of the following groups of organisms contains a cell wall?I. PlantaeIl. AnimaliaIll. FungiIV. EubacteriaA. Il, IllB. I, Ill, IVC. I, II, Ill, IVD. 1, Il, Ill
The correct answer is B. I, III, IV. Animal cells do not have cell wall in any of their cell types. In contrast, all plants, fungi and several eubacteria have a cell wall, which does not share composition, nor structure, but shares function, protection.
Which of the following is a tendon and not a ligament
Muscles and bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue called tendons. Bones are joined together by fibrous connective tissue called ligaments.
Tendon And LigamentA tendon helps a bone or other structure move. A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that connects bones and often acts to stabilize and hold tissues together. While a tendon ties a muscle to a bone, acting as an anchor for the muscle, a ligament joins two bones. A ligament keeps the shin and foot bones (tibia and fibula with the talus) together at the ankle joint, while the Achilles tendon, for instance, connects the calf muscles to the calcaneus (heel bone). Due to the fact that tendons receive more blood than ligaments, injuries to them typically heal more quickly. Both ligament tears and tendon rips are significant disorders that, if untreated, can result in excruciating pain and permanent damage.To learn more about Tendon And Ligament refer :
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what do you mean by chromosomes.....?
Answer:
it houses or contains genes while gene is the basic unit of heredity. There are 46 number of chromosomes in human beings and 23 pairs of chromosomes and if you add 23 plus 23 that gives you 46
Answer: Chromosomes are threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell. In plants and animals (including humans), chromosomes reside in the nucleus of cells.
Explanation:
Describe at least two positive and two negative relationships humans have with microbes. What are some advantages/disadvantages of each relationship?
The two positive relationships humans have with microbes are;
they provide us with medicinesthey help in the fermentation of foodThe two negative relationships humans have with microbes are;
they make humans sickthey cause spoilage of foodSome advantages of the positive relationships humans have with microbes are;
the medicines obtained from microbes are used in the treatment of diseasesfermentation of food increases the availability and enhances the taste of foodsSome advantages of the negative relationships humans have with microbes are;
they cause deaths and wastage of human resourcesthe spoilage of food reduces the availability of food.What are microbes?Microbes are small living organisms found in our environment that cannot be seen with the unaided eye except with the aid of microscopes.
Some examples of microbes in our environment are:
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When choosing between methods of classical conditioning, why is systematic desensitization typically preferred over flooding?
Question 2 options:
Flooding gradually exposes a person to a feared object.
Systematic desensitization is a more intense experience.
Flooding is less intense than systematic desensitization.
Systematic desensitization gradually exposes a person to a feared object.
Which of the following refers to a classical conditioning method that exposes an individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished? A. Flooding B. Systematic desensitization C. Counterconditioning D. Spontaneous recovery
Flooding refers to a classical conditioning method that exposes an individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished.
Answer:
Systematic desensitization gradually exposes a person to a feared object.
Explanation:
Suppose you wanted to discribe an object to some one but you could not name which properties could you include in your description if you could not only share information that you can determine with your senses
In order to describe the object based on physical properties that one can determine with the senses, I will describe the weight, taste, mass, and color of the object.
What are physical properties of a substance?The physical properties of a substance are those properties that can be observed without changing the chemical nature or properties of the substance.
Physical properties can easily be observed with the senses such as taste, sight, sound, texture, or feel.
Some physical properties of a substance include:
massdensityvolumetastecolorodorTherefore, physical properties are determined by the senses.
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imagine a car being acted on by unbalanced forces what do you know about the motion of the car
When an item is subjected to forces that are out of balance, the resultant force will cause the object to accelerate in that direction.
In other words, a body will alter its velocity in response to an applied force.
This only indicates that acceleration will result from uneven forces.
What occurs when an item is subject to imbalanced forces?When an item is subjected to forces that are out of balance, the resultant force will cause the object to accelerate in that direction. In other words, a body will alter its velocity in response to an applied force. This only indicates that acceleration will result from uneven forces.
The automobile moves when we push it because our push is stronger than the other forces pulling on it. On the other hand, the forces are considered to be balanced if an item is travelling in a straight path at a constant speed.
Unbalanced forces are those operating on a body when the net force acting on the body is greater than zero.
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