The PVC pipe should be cut to a length of 32.6 centimeters to produce a C5 note.
Pitch refers to the perceived highness or lowness of a sound, which is determined by its frequency. A higher frequency corresponds to a higher pitch, while a lower frequency corresponds to a lower pitch.
To determine the length of a flute made from PVC pipe that produces a desired pitch, we can use the formula:
L = (v/2f) * n
where L is the length of the pipe, v is the velocity of sound in air, f is the frequency of the desired pitch, and n is the number of open and closed nodes in the standing wave produced by the pipe.
For a pipe that is open on both ends (like a flute), n = 2. The velocity of sound in air is approximately 343 meters per second at room temperature.
To convert the desired frequency of C5 (523.25 Hz) to meters per second, we can use the formula:
v = f * λ
where λ is the wavelength of the sound wave. For C5, λ is approximately 0.65 meters (since the speed of sound in air is about 343 m/s, and the wavelength of C5 is 343 m/s divided by 523.25 Hz).
So, we can calculate the length of the PVC pipe needed for C5 as:
L = (v/2f) * n = (343/2*523.25) * 2 * 0.65 = 0.326 meters or 32.6 centimeters
Therefore, To create a C5 note, the PVC tubing should be cut to a length of about 32.6 centimeters.
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An 80 Ώ resistor has a voltage difference of 12 Volts across its leads.
(a) What is the current through the resistor?
(b) What is the power being dissipated in this resistor?
The resistor is dissipating 1.8 W of power. As a result, 0.15 A is the current flowing through the resistor.
What kind of power does the resistor dissipate?Any equation linking power to current, voltage, and resistance may be used to calculate the power wasted by each resistor because all three variables are known. Since each resistor receives its full voltage, let's use P=V2R P = V 2 R.
(a) We may determine the current flowing through the resistor using Ohm's Law as follows:
I = V/R
where R is the resistance and V is the voltage difference across the resistor.
Therefore, the resistor's current is as follows:
I = 12 V / 80 Ω = 0.15 A
Therefore, the current through the resistor is 0.15 A.
(b) The power being dissipated in the resistor can be calculated using the formula:
P = VI = I²R = V²/R
where P is the power, V is the voltage difference across the resistor, I is the current through the resistor, and R is the resistance.
Substituting the given values, we get:
P = VI = (0.15 A)(12 V) = 1.8 W
Alternatively, we can use the third formula to calculate the power:
P = V²/R = (12 V)²/ 80 Ω = 1.8 W
So, the power being dissipated in the resistor is 1.8 W.
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Why are water and hydrogen peroxide different substances even though they are both made up of
hydrogen and oxygen atoms?
Answer:
Water and hydrogen peroxide are different substances because they have different chemical formulas and molecular structures. Water has the chemical formula H2O, meaning that it has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Hydrogen peroxide has the chemical formula H2O2, meaning that it has two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. The difference in their molecular structures leads to different chemical and physical properties, such as boiling points, melting points, and reactivity.
Explanation:
An impulse of 200 N.s is applied horizontally by a soccer player of mass 74 kg at the start of a sprint (initial velocity= 0). What is the player’s change in momentum and velocity reached
The velocity reached by the soccer player is 2.7 m/s.
Impulse applied by the soccer player = 200 Ns
Mass of the soccer player = 74 kg
According to impulse-momentum theorem, the average net external force multiplied by the time it takes for that force to take effect equals the impulse, which is equal to the change in momentum.
Impulse = Fnet × t
Fnet x t = ma × t = m × v
mv = ΔP
where ΔP is the change in momentum.
So,
The change in momentum of the player, ΔP = 200 Kgm/s
So, velocity reached, v = 200/74
v = 2.7 m/s
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A jar of tea is placed in sunlight until it
reaches an equilibrium temperature of 32.4
◦C .
In an attempt to cool the liquid, which has a
mass of 177 g , 95.3 g of ice at 0.0
◦C is added.
At the time at which the temperature of the
tea is 30.7
◦C , find the mass of the remaining
ice in the jar. The specific heat of water
is 4186 J/kg ·
◦ C . Assume the specific heat
capacity of the tea to be that of pure liquid
water.
Answer in units of g.
The tea absorbs 2613420 J of heat energy when it is placed in sunlight until it reaches an equilibrium temperature of 32.4°C.
To calculate the heat energy absorbed by the tea, we can use the formula:
Q = mcΔT
where Q is the heat energy absorbed by the tea, m is the mass of the tea, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the temperature change of the tea.
Using the given values, we get:
m = 500 g
c = 4186 J/kg·°C
ΔT = 32.4°C - 20°C = 12.4°C
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
Q = (500 g)(4186 J/kg·°C)(12.4°C) = 2613420 J
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--The complete Question is, A jar of tea with a mass of 500 g is initially at a temperature of 20°C. If the jar is placed in sunlight until it reaches an equilibrium temperature of 32.4°C, how much heat energy is absorbed by the tea? Assume the specific heat capacity of the tea to be that of pure liquid water, which is 4186 J/kg·°C.--
Please help answer the question
The false statement regarding gender roles is, they stem primarily from biological differences in the sexes. Option b is correct.
Gender roles are based on cultural traditions and societal norms, rather than solely being determined by biological differences between males and females. While biological differences between the sexes may play a role in certain gender-based behaviors or expectations, the vast majority of gender roles are socially constructed and learned through cultural traditions and socialization. Option b is correct.
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Beta and gamma rays are produced when iodine-131 decays. When patients ingest iodine-131, the beta and gamma rays are used to image and treat cancer. A patient is administered a 20.0mg dose of iodine-131. After 21 days, 3.24mg of iodine-131 remains in the patient's body.
a) Calculate the decay constant of iodine-131.
b) Calculate the half-life of iodine-131.
c) How much iodine-131 will be present in the patient's body 50 days after it was administered?
a. The decay constant of iodine-131 is 0.0502 day^-1.
b. the half-life of iodine-131 is 13.8 days.
c. 1.29 mg of iodine-131 will be present in the patient's body 50 days after it was administered.
How to determine the decay constanta) To calculate the decay constant of iodine-131, we can use the formula:
N = N0 * e^(-λt)
where
N is the amount of iodine-131 remaining after time t,
N0 is the initial amount of iodine-131, and
λ is the decay constant.
We are given that N0 = 20.0 mg and N = 3.24 mg, and t = 21 days. Substituting these values into the formula and solving for λ, we get:
λ = ln(N0/N) / t
= ln(20.0/3.24) / 21
= 0.0502 day^-1
Therefore, the decay constant of iodine-131 is 0.0502 day^-1.
b) To calculate the half-life of iodine-131, we can use the formula:
t1/2 = ln(2) / λ
Substituting the value of λ we calculated in part (a), we get:
t1/2 = ln(2) / 0.0502
= 13.8 days
Therefore, the half-life of iodine-131 is 13.8 days.
c) To calculate how much iodine-131 will be present in the patient's body 50 days after it was administered, we can again use the formula:
N = N0 * e^(-λt)
We are given that t = 50 days,
N = 20.0 * e^(-0.0502*50)
= 1.29 mg
Therefore, 1.29 mg of iodine-131 will be present in the patient's body 50 days after it was administered.
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If you do 12 J of work to push 0.001 C of charge from point A to point B in an electric field, what iS the potential difference between points A and B? B). What will be the increase in kinetic energy of an
electron if it has been accelerated through a potential difference of 20 million volts? (Assume that e 1.6 X 10-19 C)
If you do 12 J of work to push 0.001 C of charge from point A to point B in an electric field, then the potential difference between points A and B is 12 kV.
The increase in kinetic energy of an electron if it has been accelerated through a potential difference of 20 million volts is 8000 J.
a )When a charge is accelerated through potential difference then the energy gained by the charge is,
E = eV where E is energy e is charge and V is potential difference.
V = E/e = 12/0.001 = 12 kV
b) E = eV, E = 0.001 × 20×10⁶
E = 20000 J
Increase in the kinetic energy will be, 20000 - 12000 = 8000 J
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6.1 62 6.3 64 quency of sound waves emitted by a stationary source. the relationship between the observed frequency and the The learner moves towards the source at a constant velocity and records the observed frequency (f) for a given source frequency (fs). This process is repeated for different frequencies of the source, with the learner moving at the same constant velocity each time The graph below shows how the observed frequency changes as the frequency of sound waves emitted by the source changes. fL (Hz) fs (Hz) Name the phenomenon illustrated by the graph Name ONE application in the medical field of the phenomenon in QUESTION 6.1. O Write down the type of proportionality that exists between f and fs, as illustrated by the graph. The gradient of the graph obtained is found to be 1,06. (1) of the
The highlighted phenomenon in the graph is called the Doppler effect, which involves a modification of frequency for sound waves (or any kind of wave) due to the difference in motion between the observed and the source.
How to explain the effectAn example of this effect present in the medical field is through ultrasound imaging; doctors use it to measure the velocity and route of blood circulating throughout the patient's body by sending out high-frequency sound waves and analyzing the reflected waves.
What appears in the graphed illustration specifically is linear proportionality, meaning that there is a direct correlation between f and fs, the former being the observed frequency and the latter the source frequency.
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Calculate the moment of force F=8i-4j+3k about point 0(2i +0j+k).if the force is applied at the point p(6i+2j+3k)
Answer:
Moment of the force = (-10i-28j+32k)Nm
Explanation:
Moment of a force is expressed mathematically as force(F) multipled by its distance(d) and its unit is in newton metre (Nm).
F×d
(8i-4j+3k)×[(6i+2j+3k)-(2i+0j+k)]
-10i-28j+32k
14. Two identical corks float in separate beakers. One beaker contains
water. The other contains a very salty water. Which of the following
statements is true?
The corks both float at the same level in the liquid.
The cork in the very salty water floats at a lower level than the other cork.
The corks will eventually sink.
Both corks are subject to the same buoyant force.
Answer:
Both Corks are subject to the same buoyant force
Explanation:
The buoyant force depends on the volume of the displaced liquid and the density of the liquid, but not the density of the floating object. So the buoyant forces will be the same on each cork whether the water it's floating in is normal or salty.
Two ohmic resistors (R, and R₂) are connected in series with a cell.
Find the resistance and power of R2, given that the current flowing
through R, and R₂ is 0.25A and that the voltage across the cell is 6 V, R₁ = 1 22.
R₂=?
R₁-19
V=6 V
I=0,25 A
Answer:
23 ohm
Explanation:
I = I1 = I2 = 0.25A
V = 6 V
V = V1 + V2
6 = I1R1 + I2R2
6 = ( 0.25 × 1 ) + ( 0.25 × R2 )
6 = 0.25 + 0.25 R2
6 - 0.25 = 0.25 R2
5.75 = 0.25 R2
5.75 ÷ 0.25 = R2
R2 = 23 ohm
Three different mass projectiles are launched from the top of a building each at different angles of
elevation. Each particle has the same initial kinetic energy. Which particle has the greatest kinetic
energy just as it impacts with the ground?
The projectile with the smallest angle of elevation will have the greatest kinetic energy just before impact.
All three projectiles have the same initial kinetic energy, which means that they all start with the same amount of energy. However, the kinetic energy of a projectile is related to its velocity and mass.
When a projectile is launched at an angle of elevation, its initial velocity will have both horizontal and vertical components. The vertical component of velocity will affect the time it takes for the projectile to reach the ground, but it does not affect the kinetic energy of the projectile just before impact.
Therefore, the projectile with the greatest kinetic energy just as it impacts with the ground will be the one with the largest horizontal component of velocity, which means it will travel the furthest horizontally before hitting the ground.
The horizontal component of velocity is determined by the angle of elevation and the initial velocity of the projectile. Therefore, the projectile with the smallest angle of elevation will have the largest horizontal component of velocity and therefore the greatest kinetic energy just before impact.
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A stone of mass 2 kg rolls off the flat roof of a building reaches the ground with a speed of 10 m/s.
a.Calculate the kinetic energy of the stone when it reaches the ground
b the gravitational potential energy of the stone when it was on the roof
cthe height of the roof. Neglect air resistance.
Answer:
KE = 100J and PE = 100J
Explanation:
[tex]KE = 0.5*m*v^2\\PE = m*g*h\\KE = 0.5*2*100 = 100 J[/tex]
Potential energy at the start has to equal the kinetic energy at the end due to conservation of energy
What approximate temperature is required to begin fusion in a star?
A. 93 billion kelvins
B. Fusion occurs randomly and is not based on temperature.
C. 14 million kelvins
D. 9 billion kelvins
Answer:
The approximate temperature required to begin fusion in a star is C. 14 million kelvins. This temperature is high enough to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged atomic nuclei, allowing them to fuse and form heavier elements.
21. A rock is thrown straight down with an initial velocity of 14.5 m/s from a cliff. What is the rock’s displacement after 2.0 s? (Acceleration due to gravity is 9.80 m/s2 .) a. 28 m
b. 49 m
c. 55 m
d. 64 m
Explanation:
d = do + vo t + 1/2 at^2
d = 0 + 14.5 (2) + 1/2 (9.80)(2^2) = 48.6 = ~ 49 m
Explanation:
d = do + vo t + 1/2 at^2
d = 0 + 14.5 (2) + 1/2 (9.80)(2^2) = 48.6 = ~ 49 m
Why would God not leave clear, indisputable evidence that the tree in the 100-year old tree by Dr. Joshua Swaimdass is just a week old?
A 18.0-m-long bar of steel expands due to a temperature increase. A 10.0-m-long bar of copper also gets longer due to the same temperature rise. The two bars were originally separated by a gap of 1.1 cm. Assume the steel and copper bars are fixed on the ends.
α(Steel) = 13 x 10^-6 K^-1
α(Copper) = 16.5 x 10^-6 K^-1
1) Calculate the change in temperature if the gap is exactly "closed" by the expanding bars. (Express your answer to two significant figures.)
2) Calculate the distances that the steel stretches. (Express your answer to two significant figures.)
3) Calculate the distances that the copper stretches. (Express your answer to two significant figures.)
How can astronomers use how long it takes an objects brightness to vary to say something about the physical size of the object?
Astronomers can use how long it takes an object's brightness to vary to estimate the physical size of the object through a method known as photometry. This method involves observing an object's brightness over time and analyzing the patterns of variation.
For example, consider a binary star system in which two stars orbit each other. As one star passes in front of the other, the combined brightness of the system will decrease. The duration of this decrease in brightness can be used to estimate the physical size of the stars, as the duration of the decrease is related to the size of the stars and the distance between them.
Similarly, if an asteroid or other small body passes in front of a star, the star's brightness will decrease for a short period of time. The duration of this decrease can be used to estimate the size of the asteroid, as the duration is related to the size of the asteroid and the distance between it and the observer.
In general, the size of an object can be estimated using photometry by comparing the observed variation in brightness to the expected variation based on the physical characteristics of the object. This can provide valuable information about the properties and behavior of celestial objects and can help astronomers to better understand the structure and evolution of the universe.
3. When 815 Joules of heat is added to a sample of solid copper, the temperature rises
from 12.0°C to 35°C. How many grams of copper were in the sample? Specific heat of Cu
is 0.385 J/g-K.
q=MCdeltaT
Answer:
79.3
Explanation:
We can use the formula:
q = m * c * deltaT
where:
q is the heat added to the system, which is 815 J in this case
m is the mass of the sample we want to find
c is the specific heat of copper, which is 0.385 J/g-K
deltaT is the change in temperature, which is (35 - 12) = 23°C
Plugging in the values given, we get:
815 J = m * 0.385 J/g-K * 23°C
Simplifying this expression yields:
m = 815 J / (0.385 J/g-K * 23°C)
Thus, the mass of the copper sample is:
m = 79.3 g
Therefore, there were approximately 79.3 grams of copper in the sample.
Answer:
Explanation:
We can use the equation q = mCΔT, where q is the amount of heat transferred, m is the mass of the sample, C is the specific heat capacity of the material, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
First, we need to calculate the change in temperature, which is:
ΔT = T₂ - T₁ = 35°C - 12.0°C = 23°C
Next, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the mass of the sample:
m = q / (CΔT)
Substituting the values we have:
m = 815 J / (0.385 J/g-K × 23°C) ≈ 90.2 g
Therefore, the sample of solid copper had a mass of approximately 90.2 grams.
An electromagnetic wave traveling through water (n1 = 1.3) is incident upon a boundary with glass (n2 = 1.5). What is the angle (in degrees) of the refracted ray (θ2) is the incident angle θ1 = 25°?
The refracted angle of the electromagnetic wave in glass (θ₂) is approximately 59.64° when the incident angle (θ₁) is 25°.
The refracted angle, denoted as θ₂, can be calculated using Snell's Law, which relates the incident angle, refracted angle, and the refractive indices of the two media involved.
Snell's Law states:
n₁ × sin(θ₁) = n₂ × sin(θ₂)
where:
n₁ = refractive index of the first medium (water) = 1.3
θ₁ = incident angle of the wave in the first medium = 25°
n₂ = refractive index of the second medium (glass) = 1.5
θ₂ = refracted angle of the wave in the second medium
Plugging in the given values:
n₁ = 1.3
θ₁ = 25°
n₂ = 1.5
Can rearrange Snell's Law to solve for θ₂:
θ₂ = arcsin((n₁/n₂) × sin(θ₁))
Now we can substitute in the values and calculate θ₂:
θ₂ = arcsin((1.3/1.5) × sin(25°))
θ₂ = arcsin(0.8667)
θ₂ ≈ 59.64°
So the refracted angle of the electromagnetic wave in glass (θ₂) is approximately 59.64° when the incident angle (θ₁) is 25°.
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the total mass of an object is 25.8kg. what is the gravitational potential energy of the mass at an attitude of 27.66 m?
Answer:
7.00 KJ
Explanation:
GPE = mgh
m equals mass (kg)
g is a constant which equals 9.81 m/s
h equals height (m)
GPE = (25.8 kg)(9.81 m/s)(27.66 m)
GPE = 7,000.69 J or 7.00 KJ
The caloric theory is the most workable model of heat today.
True
False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The modern kinetic-molecular model is better than the caloric model, not because it is true, but because it produces more workable results. credited to be the first to demonstrate a clear connection between mechanical energy and heat.
1.
Which of the following does not affect how fast a sound travels?
the density and pressure of the medium in which it travels
the stiffness of the medium in which it travels
MacBook Air
the direction that the sound waves travel
the temperature of the medium in which it travel
Neither MacBook Air nor the direction that the sound waves travel affects the speed of the sound.
Question 3: 2D Kinematics (Vectors) For the the vectors A and B in Figure below, use the method of components to find the magnitude and the direction or: (5 marks each) (a) Vector sum of [A+B], (b) Vector sum of [A-B]. (c) Vector difference of [B-A]. (d) Vector difference of [2A-B].
The question is incomplete. Here is how to get magnitude and direction
How to get magnitude and direction
To find the magnitude and direction of a vector, follow these steps:
Write the vector in component form:
For a two-dimensional vector, write it as <x, y>, where x and y are the components of the vector along the x-axis and y-axis, respectively. For a three-dimensional vector, write it as <x, y, z>, where x, y, and z are the components of the vector along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, respectively.
Calculate the magnitude of the vector:
The magnitude of a vector is the length of the vector, which can be found using the Pythagorean theorem. For a two-dimensional vector <x, y>, the magnitude is sqrt(x^2 + y^2). For a three-dimensional vector <x, y, z>, the magnitude is sqrt(x^2 + y^2 + z^2).
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6) How do you conduct a scientific study
write a flowchart
A scientific research consists of numerous critical phases. Here's a high-level summary of the procedure: Create a research question, then conduct a review of the literature. Create a hypothesis. Create your research, Gather information, Examine data, Interpret findings and communicate them.
Create a research question: Begin by picking a topic of interest and creating a clear and precise question that you wish to answer via your research.
Conduct a literature review : before beginning your study to establish what is already known about your issue and what research questions have not yet been answered.
Create a hypothesis: Based on your research topic and analysis of the literature, create a hypothesis that you can evaluate using your study
Plan your research as follows: Determine your data collecting and analysis approach, including the research design, population/sample, data gathering methods, and statistical analysis.
Gather information: Carry out your research and gather data in accordance with your approach.
Analyse data: Once you've gathered your information, use relevant statistical tools to test your hypothesis.
Results should be interpreted as follows: Interpret your findings and develop conclusions about your research issue based on your analysis.
Disseminate findings: Share your discoveries with others by publishing them in a scientific journal, giving a presentation at a conference, or another method.
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In the sketch below, the cylinder A has a mass of 13 kg and cross-sectional area of 2 m2 . The piston B has a cross-sectional area of 15000 mm2 and negligible weight. If the apparatus is filled with oil, ρ = 780 kg/m3 , with the aid of a complete free body diagram calculate the force F required for equilibrium.
the force F required for equilibrium is 128.397 N.
How do we calculate?
There are two main forces: the weight of the cylinder A and the hydraulic pressure acting on the piston B. The weight of A is given by:
W = m*g = 13 kg * 9.81 m/s^2 = 127.53 N
P = rho x gx h
where
h = (15000 mm^2) / (2 m^2) = 0.0075 m
pressure is:
P = 780 kg/m^3 * 9.81 m/s^2 * 0.0075 m = 57.79 N/m^2
Force = P*A
A = 15000 mm^2 = 0.015 m^2
Force = 57.79 N/m^2 * 0.015 m^2 = 0.867 N
Solving for the force required for equilibrium:
Force = W + P*A
Force = 127.53 N + 57.79 N/m^2 * 0.015 m^2
= 127.53 N + 0.867 N
= 128.397 N
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A container holds a gas consisting of 5.75 moles of oxygen molecules. One in a million of these molecules has lost a single electron. NA=6.022×1023mol−1 , e=1.60×10−19C.
What is the net charge of the gas?
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Answer:The oxygen molecules have lost a total of 0.94 coulombs in charge of their electrons.
Explanation:No
An object has mass M (uppercase) and is located at the origin of the coordinate system. A second object has mass m (lowercase) and is located at a distance r from the origin. This exercise explores the potential energy of the two-mass system. A spherical coordinate system is appropriate, but only the radial direction, r^, needs to be considered.
Enter a vector expression for the force, F⃗ , acting on mass m . The expression must be valid for all values of the radial coordinate, 0 0, and the zero of potential energy is taken as limr→∞UG=0.
Mass of the second object located at a distance r from the origin, r^ is the unit vector in the radial direction, and the negative sign indicates that the force
What is a system ?The System can refer to a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole. The term can be applied to various fields, including physics, engineering, biology, and social sciences, among others. In physics, a system typically refers to a collection of objects or particles that are studied together, often with the goal of understanding the behavior of the system as a whole. In engineering, a system can refer to a group of components that work together to perform a specific function, such as an electrical power grid or an automobile engine. In biology, a system can refer to an organism or group of organisms that interact with their environment, such as an ecosystem or the human body.
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Problem 2.3. (5 pts) A 0.500-kg cart connected to a light spring for which the force constant is 20.0 N/m oscillates on a frictionless, horizontal air track. (a) Calculate the maximum speed of the cart if the amplitude of the motion is 3.00 cm. (b) What is the velocity of the cart when the position is 2.00 cm? (c) Compute the kinetic and potential energies of the system when the position of the cart is 2.00 cm
The maximum speed of the cart is 26.07 cm/s, the velocity of the cart when the position is 2 cm is 0.141 m/s, and the kinetic and potential energies of the system are 4.97 ×10⁻³J and 4×10⁻³J.
From the given,
Mass of the cart = 0.5 kg
Force constant = 20 N/m
The amplitude of the motion = 3 cm = 0.03 m
A) maximum speed of the cart=?
ω = √k/m
= √(20/0.5) = 8.944
v = ω×amplitude = 8.944×3 = 26.07 cm/s.
B) Velocity of the cart when the position is 2 cm
v = √k/m(A²-x²)
= √(20/0.5)((0.03)²-(0.02)²)
= 0.141 m/s
C) Kinetic energy = 1/2 (mv²)
= 1/2 (0.5×(0.141)²)
= 4.97 × 10⁻³J
K.E = 4.97 ×10⁻³J
Potential energy = 1/2 kx²
= 1/2 (20×(2×10⁻²)²)
= 4 × 10⁻³J
P.E = 4 × 10⁻³J.
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A 15.0 kg log starts from rest then falls over a 30 m waterfall to the lake below
Answer:
17.3 m/s
Explanation:
We can use the conservation of energy principle to find the velocity of the log when it hits the water. At the top of the waterfall, the log has gravitational potential energy, and at the bottom, it has kinetic energy. We can assume that there is no energy lost to friction or air resistance.
The gravitational potential energy of the log at the top of the waterfall is given by:
U = mgh
where m is the mass of the log, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the waterfall. Substituting the given values, we get:
U = (15.0 kg)(9.81 m/s^2)(30 m) = 4414.5 J
At the bottom of the waterfall, all of the gravitational potential energy has been converted to kinetic energy:
U = (1/2)mv^2
where v is the velocity of the log when it hits the water. Solving for v, we get:
v = sqrt(2U/m)
Substituting the value of U and m, we get:
v = sqrt(2(4414.5 J)/(15.0 kg)) = 17.3 m/s
Therefore, the velocity of the log when it hits the water is approximately 17.3 m/s.
Hope this helps!