The optical activity of the given enantiomer pairs is inactive, active, inactive, active, active, and inactive respectively.
Enantiomers have similar physical and chemical characteristics, making it difficult to identify and separate them. A chiral compound's right- and left-handed enantiomers cause different perturbations in plane-polarized light. It has been called optical activity and is specific to chiral compounds.
Optically active substances rotate the plane of polarized light. A stereoisomeric pair has two identical but sign-opposite enantiomers, each of which is optically active. Because they are scientifically established constants that describe and distinguish pure enantiomers, specific rotations are helpful.
a) 50% r enantiomer and 50% s enantiomer – Optically inactive because the plane-polarized light is moved in an equal but opposing direction by both the r and s enantiomers.
b) A pair of diastereomers – Optically active because these compounds have the same molecular formula but also have non-superimposable non-mirror images.
c) A meso compound – Optically inactive as they do not have enantiomers, because the mirror image of a meso compound is itself.
d) 40% r enantiomer and 60% s enantiomer – Optically active since the s enantiomer is in excess (60 – 40 = 20%).
e) Just the r enantiomer – Optically active because of the light's plane of polarization rotating.
f) A racemic mixture – Optically inactive because each component's rotatory impact completely balances out the other.
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A 224g sample of water cools down from 56°C to 20°C. The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g°C. What amount of heat energy was lost?
When 224 g sample of water cools down from 56°C to 20°C with specific heat of water 4.184 J/g °C, the amount of heat energy lost is 33,739 J
Given that,
Mass (m) = 224 g
Specific heat (C) = 4.184 J/g ℃
Initial temperature = 56 ℃
Final temperature = 20 ℃
Heat energy = (mass) × (specific heat) × (change in temperature)
Q = m × C × ΔT
Q = 224 × 4.184 × (56 – 20)
Q = 224 × 4.184 × 36
Q = 33,739 J
Therefore, the heat energy that was lost in the process is 33,739 J
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A water treatment plant needs to maintain the ph of the water in the reservoir at a certain level. To monitor this, they take 2 oz. Of water at 37 locations every hour, measure the ph at each of those locations, and find their average. If the ph level of the reservoir is ok, the results at each location will have varying results, with an average ph of 8. 5 and a standard deviation of 0. 22. If the ph level of the reservoir is ok, what is the probability that the sample average is more than 8. 42?.
mesitylene is a liquid hydrocarbon. burning 0.115 g of the compound in oxygen gives 0.379 g of co2 and 0.1035 g of h2o. what is the empirical formula of mesitylene?'
The empirical formula of mesitylene is C₃H₄.
To solve this problem, we need to determine the molar ratio of carbon and hydrogen in mesitylene. We can do this by first calculating the masses of carbon and hydrogen in the sample. Because all the carbon in mesitylene is transformed into carbon dioxide, the mass of carbon in CO₂ will be equal to the mass of carbon in the mesitylene. All we need is the molar mass of carbon dioxide: 44 g/mol
12 g of carbon : 44 g of carbon dioxide = X : 0.379 g of carbon dioxide
X = 12 g of carbon * 0.379 of carbon dioxide / 44 g of carbon dioxide
X = 0.103 g of carbon
Because mesitylene is composed of just carbon and hydrogen, we can determine the mass of hydrogen by subtracting the mass of carbon from the mass of mesitylene:
0.115 g - 0.103 g = 0.012 g of hydrogen
Now we divide these masses by the molar masses of the elements:
0.103 g / 12 g/mol =0.009 mol of carbon
0.012 g / 1 g/mol = 0.012 mol of hydrogen
We divide the moles by the smaller of the two numbers to get the molar ratio:
0.009 mol / 0.009 mol = 1 for carbon
0.012 mol / 0.009 mol = 1.33 for hydrogen
Because we need the molar ratio to be in integers, we multiply both values by 3:
1 * 3 = 3 for carbon
1.33 * 3 = 4 for hydrogen
This means that the empirical formula of mesitylene is C₃H₄.
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Explain the difference between an atom and an ion
Refer to attachment <(￣︶￣)↗
Measure: Titrate the sulfuric acid analyte (H2SO4) with the sodium hydroxide titrant (NaOH).
How much 1.00 M NaOH is needed to neutralize the H2SO4?
The volume of the solution of NaOH required is obtained as 400 mL.
What is titration?The term titration has to do with the procedure by which an acid reacts with a base to give salt and water only. The process of titration is a volumetric process.
We can see that the reaction shows that 2 moles NaOH reacts with 1 mole of the acid.
Number of moles of acid= 2.0 mol/L x 0.1 L = 0.2 moles
Number of moles of base required = 2 x 0.2 = 0.4 moles
Number of moles of NaOH that we need = (x L)(1.0 mol/L) = 0.4 moles
Volume of NaOH that we need = 0.4 L or 400 mL
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Missing parts;
How many ml of 1.0 M NaOH solution are needed to neutralize 100 ml of 2.0 M H2SO4 solution
The Sierra Nevada, a mountain range in California, is made largely of intrusive rock that was formed underground.Which process explains why rock that formed underground is now aboveground in the Sierra Nevada?
A.It was pushed upward by natural geologic processes.
B.It was left above the surface as the land around it sank.
C.It was weathered by the pressure from surrounding rock.
D.It was moved to the surface by volcanic eruptions
Answer: To me i think it’s “A” because one of the geological processes is
hydrothermal process which I think is also cooling down
what is the predominant intermolecular force in the liquid state of each of these compounds: hydrogen fluoride ( hf ), carbon tetrachloride ( ccl4 ), and methyl chloride ( ch3cl )?
The intermolecular forces in HF, [tex]CCl_4[/tex] and [tex]CH_3Cl[/tex] molecules are hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions respectively.
Intermolecular forces, such as the electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion that act between atoms in a molecule and other kinds of nearby particles, such as atoms or ions, mediate interactions between molecules.
The attractive forces that occur between molecules are known as intermolecular forces. They control a number of bulk characteristics, including the solubilities (miscibilities) of compounds and their melting and boiling temperatures.
Intermolecular forces may be divided into four categories: hydrogen bonding, London dispersion forces, ion-dipole, and dipole-dipole.
HF has a hydrogen bond, also known as an H-bond, is an electrically charged attraction between an electronegative atom containing a single pair of electrons, known as the hydrogen bond acceptor, and a hydrogen (H) atom that is covalently attached to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group.
[tex]CCl_4[/tex] has London dispersion forces which is the least powerful intermolecular force. When the electrons in two nearby atoms hold positions that cause the atoms to temporarily form dipoles, the consequence is the London dispersion force, a transient attractive attraction.
[tex]CH_3Cl[/tex] has dipole-dipole interactions where molecules having permanent dipoles are drawn to one another electrostatically; for example, the positive end of one molecule will attract the negative end of another, and so forth, eventually causing the molecules to align.
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13.0 mol 3.0 mol methanegasand oxygengas react to form carbon dioxide gas and watervapor. suppose you have of and of in a reactor. suppose as much as possible of the reacts. how much will be left? round your answer to the nearest
The no. of moles of [tex]CH_4[/tex] remaining after the reaction is found to be 11.5 moles.
The no. of moles of a material equals the ratio of its given mass to the mass of one mole of that molecule in a chemical reaction.
The coefficients reflect the number of moles, not simply molecules, that react.
Stoichiometric coefficients are the numbers that come before the chemical formula of a molecule participating in a reaction. They assist us in determining the relative amounts or no. of moles of each reactant consumed and product created during a reaction.
[tex]CH_4 (g) + 2O_2 (g) \rightarrow CO_2 (g) + 2H_2O (g)[/tex]
No. of moles of [tex]CH_4[/tex] = 13.0 mol
No. of moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] = 3.0 mol
Here [tex]O_2[/tex] is limiting reagent because moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] is less.
Thus, [tex]CH_4[/tex] is in excess
1 mol [tex]CH_4[/tex] = 2 mol [tex]O_2[/tex]
x mol [tex]CH_4[/tex] = 3 mol [tex]O_2[/tex]
Moles of [tex]CH_4[/tex] used = 3 x 1 / 2 = 1.5 mol
Here we have 13 moles of [tex]CH_4[/tex],
Therefore,
No. of moles of [tex]CH_4[/tex] left = 13 - 1.5 = 11.5
Result:
11.5 moles of [tex]CH_4[/tex] will remain after the reaction.
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A ball of mass 1 kg is dropped from a height of 3 m. Assume no air resistance. After it bounces off the ground it only reaches a height of 2 m. What is the change in momentum of the before and after the bounce?.
A 1 kg ball is thrown from a height of 3 m.Without considering air resistance. The height it reaches after it bounces off the ground is only 2 metres.The change in momentum of the before and after the bounce is -1.407 kgm/s.
This can be calculated as,
Change in momentum = m ( vf-mvi)
29.4 = 1/2mvi2
vf = 7.668m/s
19.6J = 1/2vf
2vf = 6.261m/s
Change in momentum = m(vf-vi)
= 1kg x (-1.407m/s)
= -1.407 kgm/s
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If salinity does not change, how does seawater density change as temperature changes?
The density of water decreases as it becomes warmer, more space. When comparing two samples same salinity of water, sample with the higher temperature will have more volume and hence be less dense.
What causes the salinity?The accumulation of salt from rainfall over a long period of time or the weathering of rocks are two examples of natural processes that contribute to primary salinity.
How salinity is measured?By running an electric current between a salinity meter's two electrodes in a sample of soil or water, it is possible to determine the salinity of both water and soil. The quantity and make-up of dissolved salts affect the electrical conductivity, or EC, of a soil or water sample.
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what is the role water plays in how macromolecules function in the body ?
how does water help macromolecules carry out their functions ?
Answer:
binomial
Explanation:
because the fact that macromolecules is carry out with functions constant-1,2,3,4 etc
A sodium atom has three energy levels. How many energy levels do you predict atoms of argon, aluminum, and chlorine have?
PLEASE HELP
The energy levels present in argon, aluminum and chlorine is 3 , with two electrons on the first energy level , 8 in the second level and third level have 8 electrons of argon.
What is an energy level and how many are present in argon, aluminum, and chlorine?Energy level is the level which is denoted by K,L,M,N and these energy levels are filled with electrons.Aluminum is an element of p block , thirteen group , so the energy levels present in aluminum is 3 .Argon is a noble gas element in the 18th group of the periodic table , with three energy level.Chlorine is an element of halogen group in which the valence number of electron is 7 the maximum with chlorine having three energy level.The less the number of energy level the more the attraction and the less is the stability.To know more about energy levels visit:
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If you dive 66 ft underwater you will experience a pressure of 3.00 atmosphere. What is this in kilopascal?
If we are to express the pressure of the gas in kilopaschal then we have 303.9 kPa
What is pressure?We define the pressure of the gas as the force with which the gas is able to bump or hit or collide against the walls of the container in which the gas has been stored. In this case, we have been given the pressure of the gas but the unit in which the volume have been given is the unit of the atmosphere and we are asked by the question to express the pressure in the unit of kilopascal.
We know that from the use of the conversion factors;
1 atm = 101.3 kPa
3 atm = 3 atm * 101.3 kPa/ 1 atm
= 303.9 kPa
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What part of an atom takes up all the volume or space
The cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleolus of an atom takes up all the volume or space.
What is an atom?The simplest unit of matter is the atom. As matter makes up everything in the universe (apart from energy), atoms are the building blocks of matter.
The protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up an atom are three different types of incredibly small particles known as subatomic particles. The nucleus of the atom, which is made up of protons and neutrons, is where all the action happens, and an electron cloud flies around it.
In contrast to the protons, which have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge. Both protons and electrons are equal in number in a typical (neutral) atom. The quantity of neutrons is also usually the same, though not always.
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a 2.50-mole quantity of nocl was initially in a 1.50-l reaction chamber at 400°c. after equilibrium was established, it was found that 28.0 percent of the nocl had dissociated: 2nocl(g) δ 2no(g) 1 cl2(g)
0.0351mol/L is the equilibrium constant, Kc of the given chemical reaction.
The value of a chemical reaction's reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a condition that a dynamic chemical system approaches when enough time has passed and at which its composition has no discernible tendency to change further, is the equilibrium constant for that reaction.
Given:
Initial no. of moles of NOCl = 2.5 moles
NOCl dissociated = 28%
total volume = 1.5 L
To find:
Equilibrium constant, Kc = ?
Formula:
Kc = [products] / [reactants]
Calculations:
(28/100) x 2.5 = 0.7 moles
[tex]2NOCl (g) \leftrightarrow 2NO (g) + Cl_2 (g)[/tex]
According to the above equation,
2 moles of NOCl will give 1 mole of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] and 2 moles of NO
Therefore, no. of moles of NO = 0.7 mol
No. of moles of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] = 0.35 mol
No. of moles of NOCl remaining after dissociation = 2.5 - 0.7 =1.8 mol
Molarity = no. of moles / volume
Therefore, Molarity of NO = 0.7 / 1.5 = 0.466M
Molarity of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] = 0.35 / 1.5 = 0.233M
Molarity of NOCl = 1.8 / 1.5 = 1.2M
Kc = [tex]([NO]^2 [Cl_2]) / [NOCL]^2[/tex]
Kc = [tex][(0.466)^2 (0.233)] / (1.2)^2[/tex]
Kc = 0.0351mol/L
Result:
The equilibrium constant, Kc of the given chemical reaction is found to be 0.0351mol/L.
The complete question is:
A 2.50 mol quantity of NOCl was initially in a 1.50L reaction chamber at 400℃. After equilibrium was established it was found that 28.0% of NOCl had dissociated.
[tex]2NOCl (g) \leftrightarrow 2NO (g) + Cl_2 (g)[/tex]
Calculate equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction.
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the specific rotation of a pure substance is 10degrees. a mixture of this substanc eand its enantiomer has an observed specific rotation of 2 degrees. what is the eprcentage of the excess steroisomer in the mixture
The percentage of the excess stereoisomer in the mixture c.25%.
Stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism wherein molecules have the same molecular components and series of bonded atoms, but fluctuate in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.
The observed rotation of the mixture is levorotary (terrible, counter-clockwise), and the precise rotation of the pure S enantiomer is given as dextrorotary (fantastic, clockwise), which means that the pure R enantiomer should be levorotary, and the mixture has to comprise extra of the R enantiomer than of the S enantiomer.
Enantiomers have the same chemical and bodily homes and are indistinguishable from every other except for the route of rotation of the plane of polarized mild. they're described as optically lively.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.
the specific rotation of a pure substance is 10 degrees. a mixture of this substance and its enantiomer has an observed specific rotation of 2 degrees. what is the percentage of the excess stereoisomer in the mixture
a.50% b.75% c.25% d.0% e.80%
An atom is made up of subatomic particles and has an overall neutral charge. Which two subatomic
particles must be equal for the atom to have the overall neutral charge?
Answer: Protons and Electrons
Explanation:
Atoms are made up of 3 subatomic particles.
Protons (Positive Charge)
Electrons (Negative Charge)
Neutrons (Neutral Charge)
The number of protons must be equal to that of electrons in order for the overall charge to be neutral.
a load of 30 - j 40 is connected to a source of 100 v with a phase angle of 30o , through a transmission line with an inductive reactance of 80 ohms. the total reactive power absorbed by the line is:
The total reactive power absorbed by the line is: 120-J 160 VA
Given that, a load of 30 - j 40 is connected to a source of 100 v with a phase angle of 30o , through a transmission line with an inductive reactance of 80 ohms.
[tex]current, $I=I_L=\frac{100 \angle 30^{\circ}}{30-j 40+j 80}=\frac{100 \angle 30^{\circ}}{30+j 40}$[/tex]
[tex]$=2 \angle-23.13^{\circ}$[/tex]
[tex]$\begin{aligned} V_L &=\left(100\left(30^{\circ}\right)-I(j 80)\right.\\ &=\left(100 < 30^{\circ}\right)-(2 L-23.13)(j 80) \\ &=100 L-76.26 \text { volts. } \end{aligned}$[/tex]
[tex]$\begin{aligned} \text { Power delivered toads }=& V_l I_L^* \\=&(100 < -76.26)(2 L-23.13)^* . \\=&(100 < -76.26)(1.839-j 0.786)^* \\ &=(100 < -76.26)(1.839+j 0.786) \\ &=(100 < -76.26)(2 L+23.13) \\ S &=120-j 160 \mathrm{VA} \end{aligned}$[/tex]
The component of complex power known as reactive power pertains to energy storage and retrieval rather than consumption. Real power, which really does work, and reactive power, which permits transformers to change, generators to produce, and motors to rotate, are the two types of power found in an AC power system.
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35.Pure water (H2O) can be placed in which of the following classes of matter?Select one:a. Compoundsb. Elementsc. Mixturesd. Solutions
ANSWER
Water molecule is a compound
EXPLANATION;
Water molecule is formed from the combination of oxygen and hydrogen atoms
[tex]\text{ 2H}_2\text{ + O}_2\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ 2H}_2O[/tex]Recall, that compound is the combination of two or more elements that are chemically combined together
Therefore, water molecule is a compound
Metallic aluminum reacts with MnO2 at elevated temperatures to form manganese metal and aluminum oxide. A mixture of the two reactants is 47.2% mass percent Al. Determine the theoretical yield (in gramsof manganese from the reaction of 250g of this mixture. Report to 3 significant figures .
To find the theoretical yield of the equation. First, identify the limiting reactant in a chemical equation.
Step 1: write out the equation and balance it.
Al+ 3mno2=3mn+ 2Alo3.
The limiting reactant is mn02 because it is not found in excess.
Step 2: convert the % to grams. All contain 47.2% mole and mno2 will be 100-47.2= 52.8
All=47.2÷100×250(total gram of the reactants)=118g
Mno2=52.8÷100×250g=132g.
Step 3:calculate the molar mass of mno2 and that of mn. The atomic mass of mn is 54.9380 and that of oxygen is 16.
Mno2=54.938+ (16)2=86.98g/mol.
Mn=54.938.
Step 4:
From your balanced equation, calculate mn.
132g mno2× (1mol mno2÷86.98(molar mass) of mno2×3 mol of mn/4molAl×54.938g of mn÷1mol of mn.
132g×1÷86.98g×3÷4×54.938÷1
=62.53g
What is the molar mass?
The molar mass of a chemical compound is defined in chemistry as the mass of a sample divided by the amount of substance, which is the number of moles in that sample, measured in moles. The molar mass of a substance is a bulk attribute, not a molecular property. The molar mass is an average of numerous instances of the compound, which often vary in mass due to isotopes present. The molar mass is most usually calculated from standard atomic weights and is thus a terrestrial average and a function of the relative abundance of the constituent atoms on Earth. For bulk quantities, the molar mass is ideal for converting between the mass of a substance and the amount of a substance.
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A sample of natural sulfur consists of three isotopes:
95.0% sulfur-32 (31.97 amu)
0.75% sulfur-33 (32.97 amu)
4.21% sulfur-34 (33.96 amu)
Based on this information, what is the average molar mass of sulfur?
Answer
A
31.92 g/mol
B
32.00 g/mol
C
32.80 g/mol
D
32.05 g/mol
Average molar mass of sulfur is 32.80 g/mol
The average atomic mass of a chemical element is calculated by taking into account the atomic masses of its naturally occurring isotopes and their respective abundances
Here given data is
95.0% sulfur= 32 (31.97 amu)
0.75% sulfur= 33 (32.97 amu)
4.21% sulfur= 34 (33.96 amu)
We have to find average molar mass of sulfur = ?
Average molar mass = ∑i × isotope of i × abundance of i
Average molar mass = 31.97×95.0 + 32.97 ×0.75 + 33.96×4.21
Average molar mass = 32.80 g/mol
Average molar mass of sulfur is 32.80 g/mol
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Will HCl donate a proton and act as a base?
Will water accept a proton to form a conjugate base?
Will HCl donate a proton and act as an acid?
Will HCl accept the proton and act as an acid?
Will water accept a proton to form a conjugate acid?
Will HCl accept the proton and act as a base?
Will HCl donates a proton and acts as an acid? Option C
Will water accept a proton and act as a conjugate base? Option F.
HCl is a Bronsted-Lowry acid because it is a proton donor, and H2O is a proton acceptor and Bronsted-Lowry base. Acids lose electrons and bases gain electrons. Acids and bases that work together in this way are called conjugate pairs, consisting of conjugate acid and a conjugate base.
Here we can see that the hydrogen ion moves from the HCl molecule to the H2O molecule, forming chloride and hydronium ions. As a hydrogen ion donor HCl acts as a Brønsted-Lowry acid. As a hydrogen ion acceptor H2O is a Brønsted-Lowry base. Bronsted acids are proton donors and thus donate H+. In this case, HCl is an acid because it donates its H+ to NH3. Lewis acids are electron acceptors. Acids are substances that can donate H+ ions to bases.
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calculate the specific heat of a substance if it takes 6.7 j of energy to raise the temperature of 2.3 grams of the substance by 78°k
The specific heat is 0.00892181.
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit amount of the substance by 1 degree. At the specific heat Cp of the substance, we name the amount of heat supplied Q that causes a temperature change for the weight W of the substance. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin.
Specific Heat Capacity C or S The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius is called the specific heat capacity of the substance. Heat is often measured in joules J. The mass of the sample is denoted by m. The amount of heat is represented by Q. Heat is expressed in J or Joules. T is the temperature of the substance.
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Q2. Calculate the number of moles of gas present in the following gases, at room
temperature and pressure, RTP, (20°C and atmospheric pressure). Assume molar
volume is 24dm³ or 24 000cm³.
a.
100cm³ of CO2
b. 200cm³ of H₂
150cm³ of ammonia, NH3
500cm³ of 0₂
200cm³ of methane, CH4
C.
d.
e.
f. 600cm³ of He
g. 2dm³ of N₂
ESO
Answer:
Calculate the number of moles of gas present in the following gases, at room
temperature and pressure, RTP, (20°C and atmospheric pressure).
a 3.0-l sample of helium was placed in a container fitted with a porous membrane. half of the helium effused through the membrane in 13 hours. a 3.0-l sample of oxygen was placed in an identical container. how many hours will it take for half of the oxygen to effuse through the membrane?
The total time taken by half of the oxygen to effuse through the membrane is 68.18 hours.
The rate of effusion can be calculated by :
r = V/t
r = 1.5 L/24hr
r = 0.0626 L/hr
According to Graham's Law, effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of their molar mass.
[tex]\frac{r1}{r2}[/tex] = √[tex]\frac{M2}{M1}[/tex]
The molar mass of He is 4 g/mol and molar mass of O is 32 g/ mol.
Putting the values
0.0626 L/hr ÷ [tex]r_{2}[/tex] = √32/4
[tex]r_{2}[/tex] = 0.022 L/hr
Therefore, the time taken for effusion of half of 3 L that is 1.5 L of oxygen is:
Time = 1.5 L/ 0.022L/hr = 68.18 hours
Hence, the total time taken by half of the oxygen to effuse through the membrane is 68.18 hours.
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The space probe Pioneer 11 was launched April 5, 1973, reached Jupiter, over 980 million km away, in December 1974, and continued on into inter-solar space. How long did it take an
electromagnetic signal to travel to earth from Pioneer 11 when it was at a point 1086 million km from the earth?
Pioneer 11 launched and touched down one year later. It travelled there in 606 days, flying by Jupiter at a considerably closer distance (21,000 kilometres), and also stopped by Saturn.
What did Pioneer 11 set out to accomplish?Pioneer 11 was the second spacecraft in early human exploration of the outer solar system and the first mission to investigate Saturn. Instruments were carried by the spacecraft to investigate magnetic fields, the solar wind, and the atmospheres, moons, and other features of Jupiter and Saturn.
The gravity of Jupiter assisted Pioneer 11 as it rocketed toward Saturn. The spaceship had to travel nearly five years to reach the planet, which was 930 million miles away from Earth.
When the final message from the spacecraft was received on September 30, 1995, the Pioneer 11 Mission came to a conclusion. Since then, Pioneer 11 has not been in contact.
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If the volume of a sample of gas is doubled while holding the temperature of the gas constant, then the pressure of the gas is.
If the volume of a sample of gas is doubled while holding the temperature of the gas constant, then the pressure of the gas is half the initial pressure.
What is the effect of change in the volume of a gas at the constant temperature on the pressure of the gas?The relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas is given by Boyle's law of gases.
The equation of Boyle's law of gases is given as follows:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
Where;
P₁ is the initial pressureP₂ is the final pressureV₁ is the initial volumeV₂ is the final volumeSolving for the final pressure of the gas;
V₂ = 2 V₁
P₂ = P₁ * V₁ / 2 V₁
P₂ = P₁ / 2
Hence, the final pressure is half the initial pressure.
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NASA communicates with the Space Shuttle and International Space Station using Ku-band microwave radio. Suppose NASA transmits a microwave signal to the Space Shuttle using radio waves with a frequency of 14 GHz. Calculate the wavelength of these radio waves.
Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
The wavelength of these radio waves with a frequency 14GHz is equal to 0.0214m.
What is microwave communication?Microwave transmission is the transmission of information by using electromagnetic waves within the frequencies 1GHz to 300GHz are called microwaves.
The transmission of signals either directly or via a satellite by sending microwaves. The receivers for microwave signals are disc-shaped antennae and are often seen installed in business locations or near private homes.
The relationship between frequency (ν) and wavelength (λ) can be expressed as follow:
λ = c/ν
Given, the frequency of the radiowaves = 14 GHz
Change the frequency into (per second) = 14 × 10⁹ s⁻¹
The wavelength of the radiowaves can be calculated from, λ = c/ν
where c = 3× 10⁸ m/s is the speed of light.
λ = c/ν = 3× 10⁸ m/s./ 14 × 10⁹ s⁻¹
λ = 0.0214 m
Therefore, the wavelength of these radio waves is equal to 0.0214m.
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1. What is conductivity? How can electrical conductivity be measured?
2. What does an electrical conductivity probe consist of?
3.
4.
How does an electrical conductivity probe work?
What is current flowing through the water proportional to?
5. What happens when there is a higher dissolved salt/ion concentration?
6. What is an electrolyte?
The ability of an electric charge or heat to move through a material is measured by its conductivity. A material is considered a conductor if it offers relatively minimal resistance to the flow of thermal or electric energy.
What is electrical conductivity?Either the 2-AC bipolar approach or the electromagnetic induction method can be used to test conductivity. The current that travels through the solution between two electrodes is measured using the bipolar technique. Two coils submerged in the solution produce an induction current, which is measured by the electromagnetic induction technique. The ability of an electric charge or heat to move through a material is measured by its conductivity. A material is considered a conductor if it offers relatively minimal resistance to the flow of thermal or electric energy. Metals, semiconductors, and insulators are the three categories of materials.For both quality assurance and control during production, electrical conductivity monitoring is used. It is specifically used to assess a material's ability to conduct an electrical current.To learn more about : Conductivity.
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an unknown compound containing tellurium and bromine is analyzed and it is determined that 28.53% of the compound by mass is composed of tellurium. what is the mass percent of br in the compound?
The mass percent of bromine in this tellurium and bromine compound is 71.47%.
If the compound is made up only of tellurium and bromine, then if the mass percent of tellurium is 28.53%, we can safely assume that the rest is bromine. So, we take the 100% and subtract the mass percent of tellurium to calculate the mass percent of bromine:
100% - 28.53% = 71.47%
The mass percentage of bromine in this compound is 71.47%.
We can even use this data and the molar masses of tellurium and bromine to calculate the empirical formula of the compound if needed.
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