Joe and Sam were adopted as infants into different families. They have just met and noticed how much they look alike. They are also the same age and suspect that they are twins who were separated at birth. They wish to know the truth, so have their DNA analyzed. Study this DNA fingerprint (RFLP method) and write a short essay that answers the following questions:
a. In the last column of the DNA fingerprint, what does "frequency of occurrence" mean?
b. What is the probability that Joe and Sam are not twins (i.e., that the DNA in the fingerprints could have come from unrelated men)?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The missing diagram in the question is attached in the image below.
(A)
From the image below, the frequency of occurrence is shown in the last column.
The frequency of occurrence means the particular band for the entire whole population.
As an example:
1 in 15 frequency of occurrence means; ⇒ One (1) out of every fifteen (15) people has the band.
1 in 450 frequency of occurrence means; ⇒ One (1) out of every 450 people has the band.
(B)
However, Let the probability that Joe and Sam are twins be = A
and the probability that they are not twins be denoted with B;
Then;
P(B) = 1 - P(A)
where;
P(A) = Probability of specific bands appearing on the gel in every one of them
[tex]P(A) =\Big( \dfrac{1}{15}\times \dfrac{1}{15}\Big)\times \Big( \dfrac{1}{450}\times \dfrac{1}{450}\Big)\times \Big( \dfrac{1}{32}\times \dfrac{1}{32}\Big)\times \Big( \dfrac{1}{70}\times \dfrac{1}{70}\Big)[/tex]
[tex]P(A) =\Big( \dfrac{1}{225}\Big)\times \Big( \dfrac{1}{202500}\Big)\times \Big( \dfrac{1}{1024}\Big)\times \Big( \dfrac{1}{4900}\Big)[/tex]
P(A) = 4.37 × 10⁻¹⁵
∴
P(B) = 1 - P(A)
P(B) = 1 - 4.37 × 10⁻¹⁵
P(B) ≅ 1
Related Questions
3. Round shells is incompletely dominant to square shells, the heterozygous combination is a pointed shell. Smelly
shell's is an X-linked trait and recessive. A pointed shell smelly shelled male is crossed with a round
heterozygous non-smelly shelled female. What's the phenotype of their offspring?
Answers
Answer:
2/16 rounded not smelly females, RRX+X-
2/16 pointed not smelly females, RrX+X-
2/16 rounded smelly females, RRX-X-
2/16 pointed smelly females, RrX-X-
2/16 rounded not smelly males, RRX+Y
2/16 pointed not smelly males, RrX+Y
2/16 rounded smelly males, RRX-Y
2/16 pointed smelly males, RrX-Y
Explanation:
Available data:
RR round shellrr square shellRr Pointed shellX+ is dominant and codes for not smellyX- is recessive and codes for SmellyCross: A pointed smelly shelled male with a round heterozygous non-smelly female
Parentals) Rr X-Y x RRX+X-
Gametes) RX-, RY, rX-, rY
RX+, RX+, RX-, RX-
Punnett square) RX- rX- RY rY
RX+ RRX+X- RrX+X- RRX+Y RrX+Y
RX+ RRX+X- RrX+X- RRX+Y RrX+Y
RX- RRX-X- RrX-X- RRX-Y RrX-Y
RX- RRX-X- RrX-X- RRX-Y RrX-Y
F1) 2/16 bivalves are expected to be rounded not smelly females, RRX+X-
2/16 bivalves are expected to be pointed not smelly females, RrX+X-
2/16 bivalves are expected to be rounded smelly females, RRX-X-
2/16 bivalves are expected to be pointed smelly females, RrX-X-
2/16 bivalves are expected to be rounded not smelly males, RRX+Y
2/16 bivalves are expected to be pointed not smelly males, RrX+Y
2/16 bivalves are expected to be rounded smelly males, RRX-Y
2/16 bivalves are expected to be pointed smelly males, RrX-Y
Which of the following examples of humoral immunity establish immunological
memory? Mark all that apply.
getting a bacterial or viral infection
antibodies administered as gamma globulin
antibodies passed through breast milk
getting a vaccine
Answers
Answer:
I think ..getting a vaccine
..is answer
Explanation:
antibodies administered as gamma globular
(I think)
All forms of energy production and other resource extraction have associated _________ costs and risks as well as benefits.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - economic, social, environmental, and geopolitical
Explanation:
Natural Resources are the resources that are formed in nature on their own and can be renewable or non-renewable. There are various risks and benefits are associated with the production of all forms of energy other resource extraction.
These costs or risk includes economic, environmental, social, and geopolitical risks. These risks have various factors that decide if these risk or benefit and can be altered by the new technologies using for the extraction and production of various forms of energy.
What is the answer to number one will mark brainlist
Answers
Answer:
GGATTTGGCCCTATA
Explanation:
In the lab, you isolate a mutant strain of bacteria in which the phosphatase that would normally dephosphorylate NtrC-P is defective. Assuming the levels of NtrB and NtrC protein remain normal (same as wild type), what is the expected phenotype of this mutant
Answers
Answer:
GlnA will be overexpressed and the cells will have more glutamine than glutamate
Explanation:
Glutamine synthetase (glnA) is an enzyme involved in nitrogen metabolism that catalyzes the amidation of glutamate to glutamine. Moreover, the phosphorylated form of the NtrC response regulator protein (NtrC~P) acts as a transcriptional activator of genes associated with nitrogen metabolism, including glnA. NtrC~P exhibits 1-an enhanced DNA binding activity (increased oligomerization on the target DNA template) and 2-ATPase activity (oligomerization of the NtrC phosphoprotein), which are fundamental features for transcriptional activation. In consequence, it is expected that a higher level of NtrC~P (due to a defective form of the phosphatase that dephosphorylates NtrC~P) leads to the overexpression of glnA, thereby increasing glutamine levels and simultaneously decreasing glutamate concentration.
Which of the following factors may contribute to a population maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
A There are no mutations in the DNA of the population.
B There are individuals migrating into or out of the population.
C The population is interbreeding with another species.
D The population size is very small.
Answers
Answer:
1. There are no mutations in the DNA of the population.*
2. The brown color is an adaptation that is being selected by the environment.
3. The number of individuals displaying each phenotype in both the current generation and the offspring.
4. The recessive phenotype in this population may serve as an adaptation in this environment.
5. A population of turtles that routinely breeds with another closely related species of turtle.
Explanation:
Good luck ♡
Distribution of Traits Quick Check
The factor that may contribute to a population maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is there are no mutations in the DNA of the population. So, the correct option is A.
What do you mean by Mutation?The sudden, stable, and inheritable changes in the genetic material of an organism, are called mutations.
There are some assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. They are.
The population is large.The members of the population mate randomly with each other.No migration occurs between populations.No new mutations are favorable. No survival or reproductive advantage.Therefore, the factor that may contribute to a population maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is there are no mutations in the DNA of the population.
To learn more about Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/3406634
Base your answer on the stage of the human menstrual cycle, chosen from the list below, that is most closely associated with that statement. Stages of the Human Menstrual Cycle (1) Follicle (2) Ovulation (3) Corpus luteum (4) Menstruation It is characterized by a yellow-bodied structure that secretes the hormone progesterone.
Answers
proteins are made where in the cell
Answers
Answer:
Ribosomes
Explanation:
Which pair of organisms is most closely related?
A) conifer/algae
B) rosebush/housefly
C) wasp/anaconda
D) diatom/whale
Answers
What are two outcomes of this pairing that increases genetic variation
Answers
Answer:
It is the last option
Explanation:
The type of consumer that a wild turkey is:
Answers
Answer
A turkey would have to be a primary/secondary consumer, because they are able to eat plants and insects.
Explanation:
Help guys please there’s 2 pages
Answers
Answer:
1 . the process of different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier form during the history of the earth
2. in natural selection genetic mutations that are beneficial to an individual's survival are passed on through reproduction
3. organisms can be made of single cell or millions of cells working together and include animals, plants,fungi, bacteria, and all othe microorganisms.
4.if the environment changes slowly enough, species will sometimes envole the necessary adaptations, over many generations
5. the remains or trace of organisms from a past geologic age embedded in rock by natural processes are called fossils. they are extremely important for understanding the evolutionary history of the life on earth, as they provide direct evidence of evolution and detailed information on the ancestry of organisms
* hope this helps *
HEYYYY HOW ARE YOU
HOWS LIFE
HOWS SCHOOL
Answers
Answer:
Bad
Explanation:
School life is boring not fun at all
A group of similar organisms that can meet with each other in produce fertile offspring is a
Answers
Answer:
A species is the answer :)
Compare and contrast the cell cycle with mitosis and the cell cycle with meiosis. Citing atleast 4 similarities and 5 differences.
Answers
Answer:
Cells divide and reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four sex cells. Below we highlight the keys differences and similarities between the two types of cell division.
Mitosis is a form of eukaryotic cell division that produces two daughter cells with the same genetic component as the parent cell. Chromosomes replicated during the S phase are divided in such a way as to ensure that each daughter cell receives a copy of every chromosome. In actively dividing animal cells, the whole process takes about one hour.
Meiosis is the form of eukaryotic cell division that produces haploid sex cells or gametes (which contain a single copy of each chromosome) from diploid cells (which contain two copies of each chromosome). The process takes the form of one DNA replication followed by two successive nuclear and cellular divisions (Meiosis I and Meiosis II). As in mitosis, meiosis is preceded by a process of DNA replication that converts each chromosome into two sister chromatids.
Genetic drift is a change in the gene pool due to chance. Genetic drift increases as the
population decreases. What accounts for this relationship?
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
¿De qué manera pueden complementarse la
teoría Sintética y la teoría de los Equilibrios
Puntuados?
Answers
La teoría sintética
El redescubrimiento en 1900 de la teoría de la herencia de Mendel por el botánico y genetista holandés Hugo de Vries y otros llevó a un énfasis en el papel de la herencia en la evolución. De Vries propuso una nueva teoría de la evolución conocida como mutacionismo, que esencialmente eliminó la selección natural como un proceso evolutivo importante. Según de Vries (a quien se unieron otros genetistas como William Bateson en Inglaterra), en los organismos tienen lugar dos tipos de variación. Una es la variabilidad "ordinaria" observada entre los individuos de una especie, que no tiene consecuencias duraderas en la evolución porque, según de Vries, no podría "conducir a una transgresión de la frontera de la especie [es decir, al establecimiento de nuevas especies] incluso en las condiciones de la selección más rigurosa y continua ". El otro consiste en los cambios provocados por mutaciones, alteraciones espontáneas de genes que dan lugar a grandes modificaciones del organismo y dan lugar a nuevas especies: “La nueva especie se origina así de repente; es producido por el existente sin ninguna preparación visible y sin transición ”.
Muchos naturalistas se opusieron al mutacionismo y, en particular, los llamados biometristas, liderados por el estadístico inglés Karl Pearson, quien defendió la selección natural darwiniana como la principal causa de la evolución a través de los efectos acumulativos de variaciones individuales pequeñas y continuas (que los biometristas se supone que pasa de una generación a la siguiente sin estar limitado por las leyes de herencia de Mendel).
Question b OT 15
Ain
force is the overall force on an object after all the forces
are added together.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - Net force.
Explanation:
Adding all the forces that are applied to a particular object, body, or particle is the net force. This overall force that is applied can be calculated by a vector sum of all other forces exerted on the body.
So if two forces are applied in opposite directions to one another, they combine by subtraction whereas If one force is less than the other force, the net force is in the direction of the greater force.
The differences in the curves of the graphed data indicate that there were differences in the number of electrons produced in the three samples during the experiment. Discuss how electrons are generated in photosynthesis and why the three samples gave different transmittance results.
Answers
Solution:
Photosynthesis is a process by which green plants and vegetables prepare their food using carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, water from the soil and in the presence of sun light with the help of chlorophyll.
-- During photosynthesis process, electrons are originated from the chlorophyll and it absorbs the photons of light from the atmosphere.
-- the energies are passed inward from the pigments to pigments until they reaches the reaction center.
-- then the energy is transferred to the P680, thus boosting the electron to the high energy level.
-- this high energy electron then passes to the acceptor molecule and is replaced with the electron from the water.
-- this splitting the water releases oxygen in the atmosphere that we breathe.
-- the electron generation is proportional to the DPIP reduction light transmittance.
-- the decrease in the light availability decreases the electron quantity of the electrons which will be generated.
-- the boiling disrupts the functional structures.
A body is found in the woods completely naked. What effect (if any) might this have on algor mortis?
1.) Accelerates the process
2.) Inhibits the process
3.) No effect
4.) Reanimation
Answers
Answer:
This will most likely accelerate the process. So the answer is 1.
Pls help me
What is the % phenotype for this cross if round is the dominant trait?
A. 25% round, 75% wrinkled
B. 50% round, 50% wrinkled
C. 75% round, 25% wrinkled
D. 100%, round, 0% wrinkled
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Phenotype = the physical characteristics; ex: wrinked, round, yellow, green, etc...
When crossing this Punnett Square, you would get 100% Rr. Therefore, D is the answer.
When hydrogen is burned, it reacts with oxygen and produces
O carbon dioxide
O water
O oll
O hellum
Answers
Which best describes an abiotic factor?
O A living part of the environment
O A non-living part of the environment
Answers
Answer:
B. Abiotic factor are non living part of the environment.
Explanation:
Biotic factors are the living factors . Abiotic factor is the non living factor.
how do you think a new community begins in an area?
Answers
Answer:
community means an interacting group of various species in a common location. communities exist but new community can cause due to certain pressures either favored by the environment/nature or by humans/simply animals.
Undergoing pressures can can cause for selections such as,
-stabilizing selection
-directional selection
-disruptive selection
or may also occur due to mutations (naturally or manmade) that will further cause for a genetic drift so the nature/ the environment will help/ favor for the best fitting species to survive resulting for an evolution and will build up a new community.
why windows of the room become misty on a cold day
Answers
Answer:
Condensation forms when warm, humid air contacts a cold surface. Moisture is in the air all around us and warmer air can hold more moisture. As air cools, it contracts and its moisture condenses. .... Warm, humid indoor air cools and contracts; as it contacts the cooler windows, the moisture condenses on the glass.
Sickle cell disease is a recessive trait which causes a deformation in red blood cells due to a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. Consider a father and a mother BOTH with the genotype Hh, where H is the normal hemoglobin gene, and h is the gene that codes for the defective hemoglobin. What percent of their children will have the genotype hh, which means they will have the full-blown disease?
Answers
Answer: Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin-A) are smooth and round and glide through blood vessels.
Explanation:
The DNA strand TACGGCTTA, If properly transcribed, would result in an RNA strand with the sequence ?
Answers
what is uterus?
what is the function of it in human body
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The uterus is a hallow and flattened muscular organ that is the home to developing fetus.It is divide into three parts:fundus, body, and cervix.
Its functions are:
1.to regulate menstural cycle throughout the reproductive period.
2.to pass the sperms towards fallopian tubes for fertilization.
3.to provide site for embedding zygote.
4.to expel fetus through cervix at the time of birth.
Answer:
1. uterus is also known as the womb.
2.it helps to form a child (that is inside the womb) when the sperm is disposed inside the womb
What domain is eubacteria found in?
Answers
[tex]{\boxed{\mathcal{\red{AnSwEr:}}}}[/tex]
[tex]\sf\purple{Domain \:Bacteria.}[/tex]✔
The Eubacteria are found in the domain Bacteria.Eubacteria means [tex]\sf\pink{true\:bacteria}[/tex], it is unicellular, lacks a proper nucleus and is a prokaryote.[tex]\circ \: \: { \underline{ \boxed{ \sf{ \color{green}{Happy\:learning.}}}}}∘[/tex]
One way to think about the importance of biodiversity is simply to think in terms of natural capital: the roles that genes, species, ecosystems, and ecological processes play in supporting human society and a healthy biosphere. What are benefits provided by biodiversity?
Answers
Answer and Explanation:
Biodiversity composes of different species living in a certain restricted area. It is the variability of living beings in a natural environment, involving all the species on the planet and their genetic material. This variety includes all plants, animals, fungus, and microorganisms living in a certain place, their genetic variability, and the ecosystems these species form.
Ecosystems include all the biotic, physical, and chemical components of nature, continuously interacting and depending on each other. The ecosystem is composed of living and non-living things that interact and depend on each other. These are the biotic and abiotic factors.
Biodiversity, in equilibrium with abiotic factors, provides ecosystem services, which are important for the maintenance of all forms of life, including human beings.
Ecosystem services
When talking about ecosystem services, we are referring to the benefits that ecosystems provide us. There are four types of ecosystem services:
Provision or supply:These are the products obtained by nature to be used or consumed, directly or with previous processing. Among them, we might mention food, clear freshwater, fertile soils, geotic materials, raw materials (that can be used for clothing, construction), renewable fuels, biochemical compounds, pharmacological/medicinal resources, among others.
Regulation:Refers to ecological processes that improve life. Among others, we might mention climate regulation, CO² absorption, water purification, air purification, erosion control, natural disaster avoidance such as flooding, soil fertility maintenance, waste recycling, pests/plagues control, etc.
Cultural:Refers to not the material benefits. Ecosystems provide a recreational place or area to spend time and learn. They provide a spiritual/religious space, are a source of inspiration. Ecosystems are cultural patrimony and the source of scientific knowledge.