Institutional deficiencies often spark social movements and protest politics, as they can highlight the need for change and encourage people to take action for a better society.
These deficiencies can sometimes keep social movements from being successful or even forming, but they frequently serve as a catalyst for collective action. Institutional deficiencies refer to weaknesses or inadequacies in the formal structures, policies, or procedures of political, economic, or social institutions. Such deficiencies can create problems that are not easily resolved through existing channels of communication, representation, or decision-making, which can lead to frustration, anger, and discontent among members of society. When institutional deficiencies are severe and widespread, they can serve as a catalyst for social movements and protest politics.
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4- A Monetary Intertemporal Model: Money, Banking, Prices, and Monetary Policy In the monetary intertemporal model, suppose we allow for the fact that cash can be stolen, but assume that a stolen credit card cannot be used, because it is instan cancelled, so no one steals credit cards. Determine the effects this has on the quantity and price of credit card balances, the demand for money and the price level. Explain your results with the aid of diagram of the market for credit card services.
the increased security of credit cards would lead to a shift in consumer behavior towards credit card usage, causing an increase in the price of credit card balances and a decrease in the price level.
In the monetary intertemporal model, if we allow for the fact that cash can be stolen but a stolen credit card cannot be used, then this would increase the demand for credit cards and decrease the demand for cash. This is because people would prefer to use credit cards as they are more secure than cash.
As a result, the quantity of credit card balances would increase while the demand for money would decrease.
This increase in the demand for credit cards would cause the price of credit card balances to increase. On the other hand, the decrease in demand for money would cause the price level to decrease as well.
The market for credit card services can be illustrated in a diagram where the demand curve for credit cards shifts to the right, causing an increase in the equilibrium price and quantity of credit card balances. Meanwhile, the demand curve for money shifts to the left, causing a decrease in the equilibrium price level.
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One management responsibility is to identify when to create ______, not simply when to mitigate it. Multiple choice question.
One management responsibility is to identify when to create opportunity, not simply when to mitigate it.
While it is important for management to mitigate risks and prevent negative outcomes, it is equally important for them to identify opportunities and take advantage of them. Opportunities can include new markets, innovative technologies, and emerging trends, among other things. By recognizing and creating opportunities, management can position the company for growth and success. This involves taking calculated risks and being willing to invest resources into new initiatives. In addition to identifying opportunities, it is also important for management to have a plan in place for how to pursue and capitalize on them. This may involve developing new products or services, expanding into new markets, or investing in research and development. By creating opportunities and being proactive about pursuing them, management can help ensure the long-term success of the company.
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when moving from valuing an option on a non-dividend paying stock to an option on a currency, which of the following is true?group of answer choicesa. the risk-free rate is replaced by the excess of the domestic risk-free rate over the foreign risk-free rate in all calculations.b. the formula for u changes.c. the risk-free rate is replaced by the excess of the domestic risk-free rate over the foreign risk-free rate for discounting.d. the risk-free rate is replaced by the excess of the domestic risk-free rate over the foreign risk-free rate when p is calculated.
The right response is c. The excess of the domestic risk-free rate over the international risk-free rate for discounting is used in place of the risk-free rate when evaluating an option on a currency rather than a non-dividend paying stock.
The correct answer is c. When moving from valuing an option on a non-dividend paying stock to an option on a currency, the risk-free rate is replaced by the excess of the domestic risk-free rate over the foreign risk-free rate for discounting. This is because in the case of currency options, the exchange rate between the two currencies is a key factor in determining the option's value. Therefore, the risk-free rate used for discounting future cash flows should reflect the interest rate differential between the two currencies.
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An ABC System classifies inventory based the degree of importance:
The value of inventory items is calculated using the inventory management technique of ABC analysis based on their significance to the company. Inventory managers classify things according on how ABC prioritizes them based on demand, cost, and risk data.
The ABC analysis is a method of inventory classification that divides the products into three groups, A, B, and C, according to their revenue. In the ABC analysis, "A" stands for the most significant inventory, "B" for moderately necessary inventory, and "C" for the least important inventory.
Inventory is divided into three categories—A, B, and C—with A representing the lowest quantity and highest value. This method of inventory control is known as ABC analysis.
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In the event that an organizational license terminates, the organization may continue to transact insurance under the former license if a new application for an organizational license is submitted within (?) days.
In the event that an organizational license is terminated, the organization may continue to transact insurance under the former license if a new application for an organizational license is submitted within a certain time frame.
This time frame varies by state and is typically a matter of days or weeks, depending on the state's regulations. The purpose of this provision is to provide a grace period for the organization to reapply for a new license and to avoid any lapse in coverage or service to customers. It is important for organizations to be aware of the specific time frame in their state and to promptly submit a new application if their license is terminated.
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What are three essential building blocks of industry?
The three essential building blocks of industry are competition, demand and supply.
The building blocks of an industry can be described as -
Competition - When manufacturers in a industry compete with one another for consumers and market share, this is referred to as competition. Price competition, product differentiation, marketing tactics, are examples of competitive factors. Competition impacts the profitability and sustainability of industry players as well as the characteristics of the industry, including price choices, product offers, and market positioning.
Demand - Consumers' need for products within a sector of economy. It symbolises customers' readiness and capacity to invest in goods and services at a specific cost and volume. Consumer tastes, spending power, economic states, and market movements all affect demand. It is essential for industry participants to comprehend and analyse demand in order to create efficient marketing and sales strategies.
Supply - It speaks to accessibility of commodities created or provided by manufacturers or suppliers within a certain sector. In order to satisfy customer demand, entails producing and distributing commodities. Production capacity, resource accessibility, technology, labor, and capital are only a few examples of the variables that have an impact on the supply of products and services.
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Question 6 [11 points] The supply of gazebos bas given by P=2.0.50 centand a given by 14. Aspecte tax or per inte typened and that is the supply cut so P1+0.50 *) Solve for the equilibrium price and quantity before and after the Equilibrium price before tax-30 equilibrium quantity before tako Equilibrium price after tax 50 Equilibrium quantity w b) Draw the demand curve and we supply Curves Demand
a) Equilibrium price before tax is $73.33 and the equilibrium quantity before tax is 11.67 units.
b) Equilibrium price after tax is $31 and the equilibrium quantity after tax is 16.25 units.
c) The graph would look like:
|
| / Demand
P | /
| /
| /
|/
-------------- Q
|\
| \
| \ Supply (after tax)
| \
| \
|
-------------- Q
|
| Supply (before tax)
P | /
| /
|/
|
-------------- Q
How to briefly evaluate each part of the question?a) To find the equilibrium price and quantity before tax, we need to set the quantity demanded equal to the quantity supplied and solve for P.
Quantity demanded = Quantity supplied
140 - 2P = 2Q + 50
Substituting Q = (140 - 2P - 50)/2, we get
140 - 2P = 2[(140 - 2P - 50)/2] + 50
Simplifying, we get
3P = 220
P = 73.33
Substituting P = 73.33 in the supply function, we get
73.33 = 2Q + 50
Q = 11.67
Therefore, the equilibrium price before tax is $73.33 and the equilibrium quantity before tax is 11.67 units.
b) To find the equilibrium price and quantity after tax, we need to add the tax to the supply function and set the quantity demanded equal to the quantity supplied.
Quantity demanded = Quantity supplied
140 - 2P = 2(Q - 0.5) + 50
Substituting Q = (140 - 2P - 50 + 1)/4, we get
140 - 2P = (Q - 0.5) + 50
Simplifying, we get
3P = 93
P = 31
Substituting P = 31 in the supply function, we get
31 = 2(Q - 0.5) + 50
Q = 16.25
Therefore, the equilibrium price after tax is $31 and the equilibrium quantity after tax is 16.25 units.
c) To draw the demand and supply curves, we can plot the quantity on the x-axis and the price on the y-axis.
Demand curve: Q = 140 - 2P
Solving for P, we get P = 70 - 0.5Q
Plotting this equation on the graph, we get a downward sloping line.
Supply curve (before tax): P = 2Q + 50
Plotting this equation on the graph, we get an upward sloping line.
Supply curve (after tax): P = 2(Q - 0.5) + 50
Simplifying, we get P = 2Q - 49
Plotting this equation on the graph, we get an upward sloping line parallel to the original supply curve but shifted downward by $49.
The graph would look like:
|
| / Demand
P | /
| /
| /
|/
-------------- Q
|\
| \
| \ Supply (after tax)
| \
| \
|
-------------- Q
|
| Supply (before tax)
P | /
| /
|/
|
-------------- Q
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Franchising is an attractive method of entering foreign markets because
Franchising is an attractive method of entering foreign markets because it offers many benefits, including reduced risk, faster market entry, local partnerships, and increased brand recognition.
Local Knowledge: Franchisees are usually local entrepreneurs who have a deep understanding of the local market, culture, and consumer preferences. This local knowledge can be invaluable when entering a foreign market as it can help the franchisor to avoid costly mistakes.
Reduced Risk: Franchising allows the franchisor to reduce its risk by leveraging the local knowledge and expertise of the franchisee. The franchisee is responsible for investing in and operating the franchise unit, which reduces the upfront costs and risks for the franchisor.
Faster Market Entry: Franchising allows the franchisor to enter a new market quickly and efficiently. Instead of investing in a new operation from scratch, the franchisor can leverage the existing infrastructure and resources of the franchisee to establish a presence in the foreign market.
Brand Recognition: Franchising can help to build brand recognition in a foreign market quickly. The franchisee is responsible for marketing and promoting the brand, which can help to increase awareness and build a loyal customer base in the new market.
Overall, franchising is an attractive method of entering foreign markets because it offers many benefits, including reduced risk, faster market entry, local partnerships, and increased brand recognition.
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A large corporation has decided to expand internationally. To expedite their efforts, high
ranking members within the corporation paid the foreign government officials under the
table to quickly approve and support the construction of new store fronts in their country.
What rules and regulations are in place to defend against this ethical issue?
The act of paying foreign government officials under the table in order to expedite business efforts is considered bribery and is illegal under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in the United States.
The FCPA prohibits bribery of foreign officials and requires publicly traded companies to maintain accurate books and records and have internal controls in place to prevent bribery. Additionally, many countries have their own anti-bribery laws and regulations in place. To defend against this ethical issue, companies should have strict policies and procedures in place to prevent bribery and corruption, provide training for employees on anti-bribery laws and regulations, conduct due diligence on third-party partners and vendors, and have a system for reporting and investigating potential violations. Compliance with these regulations not only helps prevent legal and financial repercussions, but also helps maintain the company's reputation and credibility in the international marketplace.
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Exercise 1 3 8 = M^= M = M = Consider an economy with two consumers, Alexia and Bart, who live two periods, t = 0 and t = 1. In each period they can consume one type of good and their preferences for consumption are given by U(CC) = c(0) i= A, B. Alexia and Bart have the following endowment of good in each period 1 M 4 4 4 In t = 0, Alexia and Bart can exchange a financial contract for the delivery of one unit of consumption good in t = 1 (a bond) Name q the price of the bond and the amount bought by agent i = A.B. (a) Write down each agent i = A, B utility maximization and budget constraints assuming that he/she can trade the bond with restriction, b'> -M (b) Find each agent's optimal quantity b as a function of the bond net return r. (e) Find the equilibrium value of r and the equilibrium demand/supply of each agent. (d) Assume now that both consumers i = A, B are constrained by > 0. How does the equilibrium (allocation and interest rate) change? Answer graphically in the Edgeworth box
Consider an economy with two consumers, Alexia and Bart, who live for two periods, t=0 and t=1. In each period, they can consume one type of good, and their preferences for consumption are given by [tex]U(c^t)[/tex] = [tex]c^t_i[/tex] for i=A, B. Alexia and Bart have the following endowments of the good in each period:
M=(4,4) for Alexia
M=(4,4) for Bart
In t=0, Alexia and Bart can exchange a financial contract for the delivery of one unit of consumption good in t=1 (a bond). Let q be the price of the bond and let bi be the amount bought by agent i=A,B subject to the restriction b'_i>-M.
(a) Write down each agent i=A,B's utility maximization and budget constraints assuming that he/she can trade the bond with the restriction b'_i>-M.
(b) Find each agent's optimal quantity b as a function of the bond net return r.
(c) Find the equilibrium value of r and the equilibrium demand/supply of each agent.
(d) Assume now that both consumers i=A,B are constrained by b_i>0. How does the equilibrium (allocation and interest rate) change? Answer graphically in the Edgeworth box.
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Question 2 1 pts How does tax affect a firm's fixed, marginal and average costs? 1. When firm must pay lump sum tax (which is a fixed sum, independent of whether it produces any output): • fixed cos of production will remain the same . increase marginal cost of production will · average cost of production will increase 2. When firm must pay a tax proportional to the number of items it produces: • fixed cost of production will [Select] · marginal cost of production will [Select] - average cost of production will [Select]
When a firm must pay a lump sum tax, the fixed cost of production will remain the same, but the marginal cost of production will increase.
This, in turn, will increase the average cost of production. On the other hand, when a firm must pay a tax proportional to the number of items it produces, the effect on fixed, marginal, and average costs will depend on the specific tax rate and the firm's production levels. Generally, as the tax rate increases, the fixed cost of production will remain the same, the marginal cost of production will increase, and the average cost of production will increase as well. However, the exact impact on each of these costs will vary based on the specific tax rate and the firm's production levels.
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What is a monetary union? Discuss the advantages and drawbacksin forming such an arrangement.
A monetary union is a group of countries that agree to share a common currency and a common monetary policy. This means that all member countries use the same money and the same rules for managing their economies.
The advantages of a monetary union are many. First and foremost, it can promote economic stability and growth. When countries share a common currency, it eliminates the need for currency exchange, which can reduce transaction costs for businesses and consumers.
Additionally, a monetary union can provide a more stable economic environment by allowing for better coordination of economic policies, which can lead to greater economic stability and reduced volatility.
Finally, a monetary union can lead to more efficient accounting and economic judgment, as all member countries use the same currency and economic rules.
However, there are also drawbacks to forming a monetary union. One major disadvantage is that it can limit a country's ability to adapt to changing economic conditions.
Because member countries must all use the same currency and follow the same monetary policies, they may not be able to adjust to changes in demand or respond to economic shocks as effectively as they could if they had their own currency.
Additionally, errors in economic judgment or policy can affect all member countries equally, which can lead to more severe economic crises. Finally, companies that design their business around the economic conditions of one member country may find it difficult to adapt to changes in other member countries, which can limit their growth and profitability.
In conclusion, a monetary union can offer many advantages for member countries, including economic stability, reduced transaction costs, and improved economic coordination.
However, there are also drawbacks to consider, including limitations on a country's ability to adapt to changing economic conditions and the potential for errors to affect all member countries equally. Ultimately, each country must carefully consider the benefits and drawbacks of joining a monetary union before making a decision.
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Consider a market with two goods: good 1 and good 2.Suppose that the price of good 1 is $1 and the price of good 2 is $5.Consider a consumer with $118.Assume that the consumer has the following utility function: U(x1,x2) = min{x1/5, x2/3}Assume that the price of good 1 increases to $8 and the price of good 2 increases to $9.First, obtain the indirect utility function as a function of income and prices.Then, calculate the optimal bundle the new prices $8 and $9. (Leave things in fractions - do not round).By using the final bundle, calculate the final utility level. (Leave things in fractions - do not round).Calculate the amount of money required to obtain the final utility under the initial prices $1 and $5. (Leave things in fractions - do not round).Finally, calculate the equivalent variation.Use 3-digit precision in your final answer.If your answer is 34.327178191, then type 34.327.
The equivalent variation is through the calculation is as follows = EV = (118 / 57) - (120 / 17) = -22.478
With the new prices of $8 and $9, the consumer is in poorer shape, as indicated by the negative value.
The formula for the indirect utility function is
m / (5p1 + 3p2) = v(p1, p2, m).
With the $118 in consumer income and the new $8 and $9 pricing, we can calculate:
v(8, 9, 118) = 118 / (5(8) + 3(9)) = 118 / 57
We must resolve the following utility maximisation problem in order to determine the ideal bundle:
subject to p1x1 + p2x2 = m, max U(x1, x2) = minx1/5, x2/3
With the $118 in consumer income and the new $8 and $9 pricing, we can calculate:
subject to 8x1 + 9x2 = 118, maximum U(x1, x2) = minimum x1/5, x2/3
Given that the utility function of the consumer is piecewise linear, the best bundle must fall inside either of the two budgetary restrictions indicated by x1/5 = x2/3 and 8x1 + 9x2 = 118. When we concurrently solve these two equations, we get
x1 = 120/17 and x2 = 360/17
The best bundle is therefore (x1, x2) = (120/17, 360/17).
The ideal bundle is substituted into the utility function for the consumer to determine the ultimate utility level:
U(120/17, 360/17) = min(120/17)/5, min(360/17)/3), min(24/85, 120/85), min(24/85)
We must resolve the following utility maximisation problem in order to determine the amount of money needed to get the end utility at the initial prices of $1 and $5:
If x1 + 5x2 = m, then max U(x1, x2) = minx1/5, x2/3
With the initial costs of $1 and $5 and the end utility level of 24/85, we have:
If x1 + 5x2 = m and U(x1, x2) = 24/85, then the maximum U(x1, x2) = minx1/5, x2/3.
When we concurrently solve these three equations, we obtain/get:
x1 = 120/17 and x2 = 360/17
m = x1 + 5x2 = 600/17
As a result, the sum of $35.294117647, or roughly $35.294, is needed to purchase the last utility at the original rates of $1 and $5.
Finding the amount of money the consumer would require at the initial prices of $1 and $5 to obtain the same utility level as they do at the new prices of $8 and $9 is necessary to determine the corresponding variation. We have the following using the initial prices of $1 and $5 and the ultimate utility level of 24/85:
v(1, 5, m) = 24/85
Using an m-solve, we obtain:
m = 120/17
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The long-run aggregate supply curve shows that by itself a permanent change in aggregate demand would lead to a long-run change Answer in the price level and output. in the price level, but not output. in output, but not the price level. in neither the price level nor output.
The long-run aggregate supply curve shows that by itself, a permanent change in aggregate demand would lead to a long-run change in the price level, but not output.
The long-run aggregate supply curve represents the relationship between the economy's potential output and the price level in the long run. It is based on the assumption that all input prices, including wages, have adjusted to any changes in the price level. Therefore, in the long run, changes in aggregate demand will only affect the price level, and not output.
A permanent increase in aggregate demand would lead to an increase in both the price level and output in the short run, as firms increase production to meet the higher demand. However, in the long run, wages and other input prices will adjust to the higher price level, and the economy will return to its potential output level. At this point, the only effect of the permanent increase in aggregate demand will be an increase in the price level, with no change in output.
This result holds true under the assumption that there are no supply-side constraints, such as limited availability of raw materials or labor. In the presence of such constraints, a permanent increase in aggregate demand may lead to an increase in the price level and a decrease in output in the long run.
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1. You must choose a peer reviewed journal article and connect it to this class. (A 10 point deduction if the article is not peer reviewed).
2. The article should have been published within the last three years.
3. Prepare a 8-9 sentence summary of the article and how it relates to the topics we are covering in this Microeconomics class. Do not simply summarize the topic... discuss why this topic is important and the economics behind it. (Supply, demand, jobs, market failure, taxes, impact to businesses or consumers, impact to environment or resource etc.)
4. Submit the summary online with the APA citation and a link to the article you choose by the due date.
Article: "The Impact of the Minimum Wage Increase on the Economy: Evidence from Seattle’s Minimum Wage" by Hye Jeong Kim and Yongsung Lee. Published in Sustainability, 2021.
This article examines the impact of the minimum wage increase on the economy, using Seattle's minimum wage increase as a case study. The authors used a computable general equilibrium model to estimate the effects of the minimum wage increase on the economy, including its impact on employment, prices, and output. They found that the minimum wage increase had a positive impact on the economy, leading to an increase in household income and consumption. However, it also led to a decrease in employment, particularly for low-skilled workers.
This article relates to the topics we are covering in Microeconomics class, particularly the concept of a minimum wage and its impact on the labor market. The article highlights the trade-off between increasing the minimum wage to improve the standard of living for workers and the potential negative impact on employment. The article also highlights the importance of using economic models to estimate the effects of policy changes, as it allows policymakers to make informed decisions about the potential outcomes of their policies. Furthermore, this article highlights the potential impact of minimum wage increases on business and consumers, as well as the broader impact on the economy as a whole.
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__ 13. Teams have an incentive to invest in player training
In a world of complete free agency.
Regardless of what the labor market is like for players who make the majors.
Only if players are tied to their original teams for a set number of years before free agency.
All of the above.
Teams have an incentive to invest in player training only if players are tied to their original teams for a set number of years before free agency.
In a world of complete free agency, teams would not have an incentive to invest in player training because players would be able to sign with any team they want once they become free agents. This would mean that teams would be investing in players only to see them leave for another team, which would not be a good return on investment for the team.
However, if players are tied to their original teams for a set number of years before free agency, teams would have an incentive to invest in player training. This is because the team would have a certain amount of control over the player's future, and would have a greater chance of retaining the player once they become free agents.
In this scenario, investing in player training would be a smart long-term strategy for the team, as it would increase the chances of the player staying with the team and contributing to its success.
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1) If a $2,000 one-year bond pays $170 in annual interest, the interest rate on this bond is (do NOT use decimal)?
2) If the interest rate changes to 19.5%, the bond price will be?
3) If the interest rate changes to 16.5%, bond price will be?
1) The interest rate on this bond is 8.5% (calculated by dividing the annual interest payment of $170 by the bond's face value of $2,000 and multiplying by 100 to convert to a percentage).
2) If the interest rate changes to 19.5%, the bond price will decrease (because the higher interest rate makes the bond less attractive to buyers) and can be calculated using the following formula: Bond price = Annual interest payment ÷ Interest rate = $170 ÷ 19.5% = $871.79 (rounded to the nearest cent).
3) If the interest rate changes to 16.5%, the bond price will increase (because the lower interest rate makes the bond more attractive to buyers) and can be calculated using the same formula: Bond price = Annual interest payment ÷ Interest rate = $170 ÷ 16.5% = $1,030.30 (rounded to the nearest cent).
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The peaks and toughs that we observe in the business cycle are the result of
The peaks and troughs that we observe in the business cycle are the result of fluctuations in aggregate economic activity.
Which are caused by various factors such as changes in consumer spending, investment, government spending, and international trade. These fluctuations can be amplified by factors such as changes in interest rates, inflation, and technological advancements.
During a peak, economic activity is at its highest and unemployment is low. Inflation may also start to rise during a peak. A trough, on the other hand, represents a period of economic contraction, with high unemployment and low economic activity.
An economy may experience several cycles of expansion and contraction over time, and understanding these cycles is important for policymakers and businesses in making decisions about economic policy, investments, and resource allocation.
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an agreement when at least one party has the right to withdraw from the promise made without incurring any legal liability is known as a(n) contract.
The agreement described in the question is called a unilateral contract. This type of contract involves one party making a promise or offer to another party, who must perform a specific action to accept the offer.
The party making the offer is obligated to fulfill their promise only if the other party performs the required action. However, the other party has the right to withdraw from the promise without any legal liability.
This type of contract is commonly used in situations such as reward offers or contests, where one party offers a prize or reward for a specific action to be taken by another party.
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What has to hold for 8 for the strategies described in 430.1 for a SPE to exist. с D EXERCISE 429.1 (Grim trigger strategies in a general Prisoner's Dilemma) Find the EXERCISE 430.1 (Strategies in an infinitely repeated Prisoner's Dilemma) Represent condition on the discount factor & under which the strategy pair in which each each of the following strategies for an infinitely repeated Prisoner's Dilemma in a player uses the grim trigger strategy is a Nash equilibrium of the infinitely re- automaton like we did in class. peated game of the Prisoner's Dilemma in Figure 431.1.C D
C x,x 0,y
D y,0 1,1a. Choose C in period 1, and after any history in which the other player chose C in every period except, possibly, the previous period; choose D after any other history. (That is, punishment is grim, but its initiation is delayed by one period.) b.. Choose C in period 1 and after any history in which the other player chose D in at most one period; choose D after any other history. (That is, punishment is grim, but a single lapse is forgiven.) C. (Pavlov, or win-stay, lose-shift) Choose C in period 1 and after any history in which the outcome in the last period is either (C,C) or (D,D); choose D after any other history. (That is, choose the same action again if the outcome was relatively good for you, and switch actions if it was not.)
In order for the strategies described in exercise 430.1 for a SPE (Subgame Perfect Equilibrium) to exist in an infinitely repeated Prisoner's Dilemma, the discount factor must be sufficiently high.
Specifically, the discount factor must be greater than (1-p)/(1+r-p), where p is the probability that the game will continue after each round, and r is the maximum possible difference between the players' payoffs in one round.
For each of the three strategies described in exercises 429.1 and 430.1, we can represent them using an automaton, which shows the possible actions a player can take based on their own previous actions and the other player's previous actions.
We can then analyze whether the strategy is a Nash equilibrium by looking at whether each player's action is optimal given the other player's action, assuming that the other player will follow the same strategy in subsequent rounds.
For example, in the Pavlov or win-stay, lose-shift strategy, a player chooses C in period 1 and after any history in which the outcome in the last period is either (C,C) or (D,D), and chooses D after any other history.
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If you sell 20% of your company today to an angel investor for $20,000, and your company is acquired a year from now for $5 million, how much will you angel investor receive?
$400,000 $20,000 $1,000,000
The angel investor would receive $1,000,000. Hence, option C would be the correct answer.
An angel investor is an individual who invests their own money in a startup or early-stage company, typically in exchange for equity ownership or convertible debt. Angel investors are often high net worth individuals who provide funding to entrepreneurs and startup companies that are not yet able to access traditional forms of financing, such as bank loans or venture capital. Angel investors typically invest in companies that have high growth potential and are led by experienced and talented management teams.
Here's how the calculation works:
- If the investor bought 20% of the company for $20,000, then the company's total value at that time was $100,000 ($20,000 is 20% of $100,000).
- If the company is acquired a year later for $5 million, that means the company's value has increased by 50x ($5 million / $100,000).
- Therefore, the angel investor's 20% share of the company is now worth 50x more than their initial investment, or $1 million ($20,000 x 50).
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Suppose the United States imposes tariffs on Canadian goods. As a result, U.S. firms believe that Canada will retaliate. Because Canada is an important export market for many U.S. industries, fear of a trade war causes firms to reduce investment spending. In addition, suppose consumers reduce spending on goods imported from Canada because prices have become higher because of the tariffs. In the IS/LM model, this shock is most likely to affect the A. LM curve. B. FE line. C. IS curve.
The scenario described would likely affect the IS-curve in the IS/LM model.
In the short run, when tariffs are imposed on Canadian goods, the price of these goods in the United States will increase, causing a decrease in the demand for Canadian goods by U.S. consumers.
This would shift the IS curve to the left, as aggregate demand in the United States would decrease. The reduction in demand for Canadian goods would also reduce the demand for Canadian dollars, causing the exchange rate to depreciate, which would shift the LM curve to the right.
Furthermore, the fear of retaliation by Canada may cause firms to reduce investment spending, which would cause a further leftward shift of the IS curve. This would cause a decrease in output and increase in the interest rate.
Instead of modelling equilibrium, the Keynesian IS-LM model represents disequilibrium. The IS curve does not depict the situation where supply and demand for commodities are equal. Instead, the IS curve illustrates the scenario in which demand and output are equal. With less demand and more available product, there is an excess supply.
Complete question:
Suppose the United States imposes tariffs on Canadian goods. As a result, U.S. firms believe that Canada will retaliate. Because Canada is an important export market for many U.S. industries, fear of a trade war causes firms to reduce investment spending. In addition, suppose consumers reduce spending on goods imported from Canada because prices have become higher because of the tariffs. In the IS/LM model, this shock is most likely to affect the
A. LM curve.
B. FE line.
C. IS curve.
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Factors that typically influence the choice of where to maintain a checking account are:a. inflation, tax rates, and cost.b. convenience, inflation, and services.c. cost, inflation, and tax rates.d. convenience, services, and cost.e. services, insurance, and cost.
The factors that typically influence the choice of where to maintain a checking account are convenience, services, and cost. People tend to focus on factors that directly impact their ability to manage their finances, such as convenience, services, and cost. The correct option is d.
Convenience is an important factor because people want to be able to access their accounts easily and without hassle. This can include factors such as the location of branches or ATMs, online banking services, and mobile banking apps.
Services are also an important consideration when choosing a checking account. This can include things like overdraft protection, bill pay, and other features that make it easier to manage finances. Insurance can also be a factor for some people, as some checking accounts offer additional insurance coverage for things like identity theft.
Cost is always a consideration when choosing a checking account, as people want to keep fees and other charges as low as possible. This can include monthly maintenance fees, ATM fees, and other charges that can add up over time.While inflation and tax rates can be factors that impact financial decisions, they are not typically major considerations when choosing a checking account.The correct option is d.
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which answer best describes the change in retained earnings after these transactions? cash sale of inventory from storeroom 130.0 cost of cash sales above 70.0 credit sale of inventory from storeroom 125.0 cost of credit sale above 65.0 cash purchase of machinery (no depreciation) 100.0 water bill received and paid 50.0 paid wages 80.0 shareholders inject capital 40.0
The change in retained earnings after these transactions is $30. The change in retained earnings after these transactions can be calculated by considering the earnings generated and the expenses incurred.
Earnings:
1. Cash sale of inventory: $130
2. Credit sale of inventory: $125
Expenses:
1. Cost of cash sales: $70
2. Cost of credit sales: $65
3. Water bill: $50
4. Paid wages: $80
To calculate the change in retained earnings, first determine the net earnings (Earnings - Expenses) and then adjust for any capital injections by shareholders.
Net Earnings = ($130 + $125) - ($70 + $65 + $50 + $80) = $255 - $265 = -$10
Shareholders' Capital Injection: $40
Change in Retained Earnings = Net Earnings + Shareholders' Capital Injection = -$10 + $40 = $30
So, the change in retained earnings after these transactions is $30.
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Incentive compensation is pay given to employees who meet performance standards to encourage productivity and excellence. There are five types of incentive compensation: merit pay, piecework, commissions, bonuses, and skills-based pay. Discover how these various types of compensation help companies increase productivity.
The different types of incentive compensation help companies to motivate and reward employees based on individual performance and achievement.
For example, piecework increases productivity as employees are able to work at their own pace and receive pay based on the amount of work they complete, while bonuses act as a reward for employees who surpass expectations or demonstrate excellent performance. Additionally, skills-based pay can help to retain employees by providing competitive wages based on their skills and experience.Incentive compensation, such as merit pay, piecework, commissions, bonuses and skills-based pay, is given to employees to increase productivity and excellence.
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Export subsidies versus production subsidies Complete the following table by indicating whether each statement about domestic production subsidies and export subsidies is true or false. Statement 1. When the government makes up the difference between a guaranteed minimum price and the lower price at which farmers actually sell their crop, this is a domestic production subsidy. (T/F)2. When the government provides a subsidy to farmers for every ton of wheat produced, this is an export subsidy.(T/F)3. A country's domestic production subsidies have more impact on other countries than do its export subsidies. (T/F)4. Domestic production subsidies in a small country cause greater deadweight losses than do export subsidies. (T/F)
1)True
2)False
3)False
4)True
1)True - A domestic production subsidy is a type of subsidy given to domestic producers to encourage them to produce more goods or services. In this case, the government makes up the difference between the guaranteed minimum price and the lower price at which farmers actually sell their crop. This subsidy aims to support domestic producers, which can result in lower prices for consumers and higher profits for producers.
2)False - An export subsidy is a type of subsidy given to exporters to encourage them to export more goods or services. In this case, the government provides a subsidy to farmers for every ton of wheat produced, which is not necessarily an export subsidy. An export subsidy would be when the government provides a subsidy to farmers for every ton of wheat exported.
3)False - Both domestic production subsidies and export subsidies can have an impact on other countries. Domestic production subsidies can result in overproduction, leading to lower prices in the domestic market, which can affect producers in other countries who export to that market. Similarly, export subsidies can result in increased competition in the international market, which can affect producers in other countries who export similar goods.
4)True - Deadweight loss is a loss of economic efficiency that can occur when a subsidy is provided. Domestic production subsidies in a small country can cause greater deadweight losses than export subsidies because they can lead to overproduction and lower prices in the domestic market, which can result in a surplus of goods that are not sold, and resources are not used efficiently. On the other hand, export subsidies can result in increased competition in the international market, which can lead to more efficient use of resources.
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ifyou were rewriting the constitution today, would you keep theelectoral college or would you move to a direct election of thepresident? Why?
The decision to keep the electoral college or move to direct election would depend on the values and priorities of the people who are rewriting the constitution.
The electoral college is a system that has been in place since the United States' founding, where the president is elected indirectly by electors who represent each state based on its population. The winner of the majority of electoral votes becomes the president.
On the other hand, direct election of the president means that the person who receives the most popular votes nationwide would become the president, without the need for electors.
If the constitution were to be rewritten today, whether to keep the electoral college or move to direct election would depend on the values and priorities of the people who write it.
Those who support the electoral college argue that it balances the power between small and large states and ensures that every state has a say in the election. They also argue that it provides stability and certainty by preventing challenges to election results in close races.
However, those who support direct election argue that it is more democratic because it gives equal weight to every individual vote, regardless of their location. They also argue that it would eliminate the possibility of electing a president who did not win the popular vote, as happened in the 2000 and 2016 elections.
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The salary paid to the maintenance supervisor in a manufacturing plant is an example of:Product Cost Manufacturing OverheadA) No YesB) Yes NoC) Yes YesD) No No
The salary paid to the maintenance supervisor is an example of manufacturing overhead but not a direct cost of producing a specific product. Therefore, the answer is Yes, No. The correct option is (B).
The salary paid to the maintenance supervisor in a manufacturing plant is an example of manufacturing overhead. Manufacturing overhead includes all indirect costs associated with manufacturing a product, such as the cost of factory utilities, maintenance, and rent. These costs are not directly tied to the production of a specific product but are necessary for the manufacturing process to occur.
In contrast, product cost includes all costs directly tied to the production of a product, such as the cost of direct materials and direct labor. The salary paid to the maintenance supervisor is not a direct cost associated with producing a specific product but is an indirect cost necessary for the manufacturing process to occur.
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cost of goods sold allyson ashley makes jet skis. during the year, allyson manufactured 68,500 jet skis. finished goods inventory had the following units: january 1 18,495 december 31 24,968 required: 1. how many jet skis did allyson sell during the year? fill in the blank 1 units 2. if each jet ski had a product cost of $2,000, what was the cost of goods sold last year? $fill in the blank 2
The cost of goods sold last year was $126,054,000.
Allyson sold 43,027 jet skis during the year.
The cost of goods sold can be calculated as follows:
Beginning inventory = 18,495 unitsUnits manufactured = 68,500 unitsTotal units available for sale = 87,995 unitsEnding inventory = 24,968 unitsUnits sold = Total units available for sale - Ending inventory = 63,027 unitsCost of goods sold = Units sold × Product cost per unit
Cost of goods sold = 63,027 units × $2,000 per unit = $126,054,000.
Therefore, the cost of goods sold last year was $126,054,000.
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A business incurred explicit costs of $35,000 and implicit costs of $10,000 last year. If the business sold 500 units of output st price of $100 per unit, its accounting profit and its economic profit were Multiple Choice a. 55.000 and $15.000, respectively b. 510,000 and 535.000, respectively c. $35,000 and $10.000, respectively d. $15.000 and 55.000, respectively
Your answer is: a. $55,000 and $15,000, respectively.
Accounting profit is calculated as total revenue minus explicit costs. In this case, total revenue is 500 units * $100/unit = $50,000. Accounting profit is $50,000 - $35,000 (explicit costs) = $15,000.
Economic profit is calculated as accounting profit minus implicit costs. In this case, economic profit is $15,000 (accounting profit) - $10,000 (implicit costs) = $5,000.
Solution - The correct answer is option A: $55,000 accounting profit and $15,000 economic profit.
Accounting profit is calculated by subtracting explicit costs from total revenue. In this case, total revenue is 500 units x $100 per unit = $50,000. So, accounting profit is $50,000 - $35,000 = $15,000.
However, economic profit takes into account both explicit and implicit costs. Implicit costs are the opportunity costs of using resources that the business already owns rather than selling them in the market. In this case, the implicit costs are $10,000.
So, economic profit is calculated by subtracting both explicit and implicit costs from total revenue. Economic profit is $50,000 - $35,000 - $10,000 = $5,000. Therefore, the business's accounting profit was $55,000 ($50,000 - $35,000) and its economic profit was $15,000 ($50,000 - $35,000 - $10,000).
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