The given statement "Increasing the right-hand side of a nonbinding constraint will not cause a change in the optimal solution" is true because a nonbinding constraint in linear programming is one in which the current optimal solution does not use all the resources allocated in the constraint.
The optimal solution does not change because the increase in the right-hand side of a nonbinding constraint does not change the available resources, it just changes the limit to the amount of resources that can be used. This means that even if the limit is increased, the optimal solution will continue to use only the resources it originally used, and the additional resources will remain unused.
Increasing the right-hand side of a binding constraint, on the other hand, can cause a change in the optimal solution because it changes the amount of resources that can be used, and therefore may change which set of resources the optimal solution uses. However, it should be noted that a change in the right-hand side of any constraint (binding or nonbinding) can affect the feasibility of the problem.
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Homework Unanswered The price of a good and the quantity of the good demanded are. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. related, so when the price rises,.
The price of a good and the quantity of the good demanded are related, so when the price rises, the quantity demanded typically decreases. This relationship is known as the law of demand.
The law of demand states that, all other factors being constant, the quantity of a good or service demanded increases as the price decreases, and vice versa. This relationship is inverse and reflects the behavior of buyers in the market. If the price of a good or service is high, consumers will want to buy less of it, but if it is low, they will want to buy more.
In economics, the demand curve illustrates this inverse relationship. The demand curve is a graph that shows the relationship between the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at each price. It slopes downward from left to right, indicating that as the price increases, the quantity demanded decreases.
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Exercise 5-12 Analysis of inventory errors LO A2 Vibrant Company had $980,000 of sales in each of Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3, and it purchased merchandise costing $540,000 in each of those years. It also maintained a $280,000 physical inventory from the beginning to the end of that three-year period. In accounting for inventory, it made an error at the end of Year 1 that caused its Year 1 ending inventory to appear on its statements as $260,000 rather than the correct $280,000. Required: 1. Determine the correct amount of the company's gross profit in each of Year 1 Year 2, and Year 3. 2. Prepare comparative income statements to show the effect of this error on the company's cost of goods sold and gross profit for each of Year 1 Year 2, and Year 3. Complete this questions by entering your answers in the below tabs. Required 1 Required 2 Determine the correct amount of the company's gross profit in each of Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3. VIBRANT COMPANY Comparative Income Statements Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 3-year total Cost of goods sold Cost of goods sold Gross profit $ 0 $ $ 0 $ Required 1 Required 2 > Complete this questions by entering your answers in the below tabs. Required 1 Required 2 Prepare comparative income statements to show the effect of this error on the company's cost of goods sold and gross profit for each of Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3. VIBRANT COMPANY Comparative Income Statements Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 3-year total Cost of goods sold Cost of goods sold Gross profit $ 0 $ 0 Required 1 Required 2 >
Required 1
The accurate gross profit figures for the company in Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 are stated below:
The Gross ProfitIn the first year, the amount available is one hundred thousand dollars.
In the second year, the amount of money available is $100,000.
In the third year, an amount of $100,000 will be allocated.
Required 2
The comparative income statements to show the effect of this error on the company's cost of goods sold and gross profit for each of Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 is as follows:
Year 1
Income Statement Correct Error Total
Sales $980,000 $0 $980,000
Cost of goods sold $800,000 $20,000 $820,000
Gross profit $180,000 $0 $180,000
Year 2
Income Statement Correct Error Total
Sales $980,000 $0 $980,000
Cost of goods sold $800,000 $20,000 $820,000
Gross profit $180,000 $0 $180,000
Year 3
Income Statement Correct Error Total
Sales $980,000 $0 $980,000
Cost of goods sold $800,000 $20,000 $820,000
Gross profit $180,000 $0 $180,000
As you can see, the error in Year 1 resulted in an understatement of cost of goods sold and an overstatement of gross profit by $20,000. This error was carried forward to Year 2 and Year 3, resulting in the same understatement of cost of goods sold and overstatement of gross profit in those years.
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true/false. scientist develops a new machine that lowers the cost of producing tires.
The given statement, "scientist develops a new machine that lowers the cost of producing tires" is true because there are no such scientists who develop new machines; it is an engineer or an inventor who develops a new machine.
A new machine that lowers the cost of producing tires can be true, and it would be an excellent thing as this new technology can help to produce tires with high efficiency and less waste, saving time and money as well. Therefore, the statement is True.
The tire manufacturing process has experienced significant changes with the introduction of new machines, allowing increased production efficiency and the elimination of production errors, resulting in a reduction in production costs. The use of technology has reduced the cost of the production of tires as machines have the capability to perform a variety of complex tasks that are too difficult for human beings to accomplish.
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SKP Co. Ltd has accounts receivable of $940,450 at April 30. Credit terms are 2/10, n/30. At April 30, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a credit balance of $1,120 prior to adjustment. The company uses the percentage-of-receivables basis for estimating uncollectible accounts. The Company’s estimate of bad debts is shown below. Age of Accounts Balance, April 30 Estimated Percentage Uncollectible 1-30 days $895,000 2.00% 31-60 days 35,300 5.00% 61-90 days 5,900 20.00% Over 90 days 4,250 50.00% Total $940,450 Required: a. Determine the total estimated uncollectible at April 30. b. Calculate the adjusted bad debt expense for the period. c. Prepare the journal entries to account for bad debt expense for the period.
a. To determine the total estimated uncollectible at April 30, we need to calculate the allowance for doubtful accounts for each age category.
1-30 days: $895,000 x 2.00% = $17,900
31-60 days: $35,300 x 5.00% = $1,765
61-90 days: $5,900 x 20.00% = $1,180
Over 90 days: $4,250 x 50.00% = $2,125
Total estimated uncollectible = $17,900 + $1,765 + $1,180 + $2,125 = $23,970
b. To calculate the adjusted bad debt expense for the period, we need to find the change in the allowance for doubtful accounts.
Change in allowance = Total estimated uncollectible - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (credit balance)
Change in allowance = $23,970 - $1,120 = $22,850
c. The journal entries to account for bad debt expense for the period would be as follows:
To record the estimated bad debt expense:
Date | Account | Debit | Credit
April 30 | Bad Debt Expense | $22,850 | Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | $22,850
To write off specific uncollectible accounts:
Date | Account | Debit | Credit
No specific information is provided in the question regarding the write-off of specific uncollectible accounts. If there are any specific accounts to be written off, the journal entry would involve debiting the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and crediting the specific Accounts Receivable being written off.
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true or false
6. An L/C has a description of the goods at the end of which it states "CIF Shanghai". Here Shanghai should be the destination port. ( )
True,A letter of credit (LC) is a banking document that guarantees a purchaser's payment to a seller.
It is a financial instrument that allows the seller to receive payment on a transaction if they can provide the documents specified in the L/C. The payment will be made by the buyer's bank in the seller's bank if all of the terms and conditions of the letter of credit are satisfied.
In a letter of credit (LC), the description of goods is given in detail, followed by other terms and conditions. "CIF Shanghai" means that the goods are to be shipped to Shanghai, and the cost, insurance, and freight have been paid to the point of delivery.
As a result, the statement is correct, and the answer is true.According to the question, an L/C has a description of the goods at the end of which it states "CIF Shanghai." Therefore, Shanghai should be the destination port, which is correct.
Hence, the statement is correct, and the answer is true.
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If velocity is constant over time, then a positive change in the money supply will lead to: Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an
If velocity is constant over time, then a positive change in the money supply will lead to positive change of same proportion in nominal GDP. Option A is the correct answer.
The nominal gross domestic product of a nation measures economic output while also taking into account current pricing for goods and services. The monetary worth of the products and services produced is the standard way to calculate GDP. Option A is the correct answer.
Nominal GDP can overstate the growth rate since it does not account for the rate of price increases when comparing one period to another. Growing pricing rather than an increase in the quantity of goods and services produced may be the cause of nominal GDP growth from year to year. Real GDP begins with nominal GDP but also takes into account price changes throughout time.
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The complete question is, "If velocity is constant over time, then a positive change in the money supply will lead to:
A. positive change of same proportion in nominal GDP
B. a negative change of same proportion in nominal GDP
C. no change in nominal GDP
D. there is not enough information to determine this outcome"
ABC International Exporting Co. exported machinery and equipment to Globe Importing Co., Worth USD 100,000.00 On 20 April 2019, the draft was issued by ABC International Exporting Co., which Claimed that Globe Importing Co. should pay to XYZ Bank at 30 days after sight. On 30 April 2019, Globe Importing company accepted the bill. ACCEPTED BILL OF EXCHANGE 8 (Date) 9 (person Name/ Company Name) For 1 At 3 (SECOND being unpaid) Pay to 4 (amount in figure) To: 5 value received. 6 2 (date of issue) sight of this bill of exchange or order the sum of (amount in words) for For and on behalf of 7
In this context, the term "More than 100" may not be applicable as the exact amount of the bill of exchange is given. The bill of exchange is worth USD 100,000.00.
A bill of exchange is a written order used primarily in international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed sum of money to another party at a predetermined future date. The person who writes the bill is the drawer, the person who accepts the bill is the drawee, and the person who benefits from the bill is the payee.In the given scenario, ABC International Exporting Co. is the drawer, Globe Importing Co. is the drawee, and the XYZ Bank is the payee. The bill was issued on April 20, 2019, with a claim that the Globe Importing Co.
Should pay the bill to XYZ Bank at 30 days after sight. On April 30, 2019, Globe Importing Co. accepted the bill. Therefore, it is an accepted bill of exchange as it has been accepted by the drawee.
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Governments in Australia and around the world are considering implementing a minimum price (aka price floor) on alcohol. Your task is to use the Economic way of thinking learnt in class to formally explain the effect of the minimum price. You will need to consider the external effects (negative externalities) of alcohol consumption, the price elasticity of demand, and taxation (an alternative way of reducing alcohol production/consumption). To simplify analysis, please assume that alcohol is a single homogenous good. That is, do not differentiate between different types of alcohol and packaging (wine, beer, casked wine, spirits etc.).
Questions:
Using demand and supply for alcohol, explain why the market outcome may not be efficient. [Think about externalities. What are some of the external costs imposed on society from excessive alcohol consumption?]
Explain how a well enforced price floor could affect the market for alcohol and how consumption could adjust to an efficient level. [You can assume that firms understand market demand and will only produce the amount demanded at the price floor.]
Now suppose that instead of using the price floor to restrict consumption, the government decides to impose a tax on alcohol ($x on each unit of alcohol sold).
a. Can such a tax achieve an efficient level of consumption? Explain.
b. In light of your answer to part a, if you were advising the government, would you recommend implementing a price floor or tax to achieve the efficient level of consumption? [Hint: think about tax revenue.]
Is the demand for alcohol elastic or inelastic? Explain. How are your answers to Question 2 and 3 affected by the price elasticity of demand?
Suppose that changing climate increases the price of hops (an input in the production of alcohol). How will this affect the market for alcohol? Assuming that the price floor or tax on alcohol sales is operating, what does the government need to do in order to maintain an efficient level of alcohol consumption?
a) As a result, excessive alcohol consumption leads to a market outcome that is inefficient. b). The government may choose to adjust the minimum price or tax to ensure that the level of alcohol consumption remains efficient.
The excessive consumption of alcohol is associated with negative externalities such as accidents, liver cirrhosis, family disruption, and violent behavior. The cost of these externalities is usually borne by society. Thus, the marginal social cost of alcohol consumption is higher than its marginal private cost, resulting in a market failure since the negative externality costs are not reflected in the price of alcohol.
A price floor is a legally mandated price that is higher than the equilibrium price, which can be used to address market inefficiencies. A well-enforced price floor will result in a surplus of alcohol since the quantity supplied will be more than the quantity demanded. In the case of the minimum price for alcohol, the quantity supplied will decrease as the price increases. The minimum price for alcohol results in an efficient level of consumption since the marginal social benefit equals the marginal social cost. The government may, therefore, choose to implement a price floor to regulate the consumption of alcohol. Alternatively, the government may impose a tax on alcohol to address the market failure caused by excessive consumption.
A tax on alcohol will increase its price, thereby reducing consumption. This tax may be used to achieve an efficient level of consumption. However, the level of consumption achieved through a tax on alcohol may not be efficient if the demand for alcohol is inelastic. The demand for alcohol is inelastic since it is addictive and has no substitutes. A tax on alcohol may, therefore, not be effective in achieving an efficient level of consumption. The government may, therefore, choose to implement a price floor to regulate the consumption of alcohol. If the price of hops, which is an input in the production of alcohol, increases, the cost of production will increase. The increase in the cost of production will shift the supply curve to the left, thereby increasing the price of alcohol.
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1. (a) if the utility of a consumer is given by U= min(x1, 3x2) where P1=2 and P2=4 and budget m=$100, find the utility-maximizing bundle for the consumer. Draw a diagram to relate to your working.
(b) If technology available to a firm allows it to produce output y by y=x1^(1/3)*x2^(1/3) and price of output per unit in a competitive market is $20, where cost of input x1 is $9 and cost of input x2 is $3 per unit, find out the profit-maximizing output level along with optimal amounts of inputs x1 and x2 in the long run.
If the utility of a consumer is given by U= min(x1, 3x2) where P1=2 and P2=4 and budget m=$100, the utility-maximizing bundle for the consumer is to buy either x1 or 3x2 which maximizes utility such that x1 = 3x2. Since, 3x2 is cheaper (as P2 is $4 and P1 is $2),.
The consumer spends his entire budget on 3x2, since he will not have the means to purchase more x1 than he already has. Hence the optimal consumption bundle will be (since the budget is $100 and price of x2 is $4, the consumer can buy only 25 units of x2 and 5 units of x1 which costs $15). The firm’s profit is given by the difference between the revenue earned and the cost incurred. The profit function is written as The profit maximizing output level will be where MR = MC = p. Since the market price is given as $20, we can find MR from the inverse demand equation .
Therefore, the firm’s profit function is: Applying the first-order condition of the profit maximization, we obtain: From the two first-order conditions above, we can get: Using the above two equations we get: 2Substituting this value in the cost function: Therefore, the profit function becomes : We find the value of x2 that maximizes the profit function as follows: The optimal amount of input x1 is obtained using the equation .
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On January 20 2021 index is at 800 units. The variance of the index returns is 10% while the risk free interest rate is 2% annually (with compound interest). By using the Black Scholes model, calculate the market purchase rights in the index with exercising price 820 and maturity 1 month (30 days). N (d1) = 0.418 and N(d2) = 0.383. Calculate and choose one of the following:
a. 17.1
b. 13.1
c. 21.1
d. 25.1
The market purchase right using the Black Scholes model is (a) 17.1
The formula for the Black Scholes model is:
C = SN(d1) - Xe^(-rT)*N(d2)
Where:
C = market purchase right S = index price = 800 d1 = [ln(S/X) + (r+(σ^2/2))T] / [σ * sqrt(T)] d2 = d1 - σsqrt(T) X = exercising price = 820 r = risk-free interest rate = 2% T = time to maturity (in years) = 30/365 σ = volatility = square root of variance = sqrt(10%) = 0.1
Calculating d1 and d2:
d1 = [ln(800/820) + (0.02+(0.1^2/2))(30/365)] / [0.1 * sqrt(30/365)] = 0.418 d2 = 0.418 - 0.1sqrt(30/365) = 0.28
Plugging in the values:
C = 8000.418 - 820e^(-0.02*(30/365))*0.283 = 17.1
Therefore, the correct answer is a. 17.1.
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Corruption: Is being combatted by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which outlaws bribery by U.S. firms anywhere they do business. O May erode the legitimacy of a government. O May involve one facet known as bribery; legally, a bribe has the same definition everywhere and does not vary by nationality. O Tends to boost economic growth because high a level of corruption helps get things done in a timely manner.
Corruption is being combated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which outlaws bribery by U.S. firms anywhere they do business. Bribery is one aspect of corruption that has the same definition everywhere and does not vary by nationality.
Sarbanes-Oxley is legislation passed by the United States government in 2002 that aims to improve corporate accountability. This law outlaws bribery by US firms anywhere they do business, which helps combat corruption. By outlawing bribery, the government hopes to reduce corruption, which can erode the legitimacy of a government. Although corruption is being combated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, it is still a serious issue that affects many countries around the world.
In conclusion, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is a crucial piece of legislation that helps combat corruption by outlawing bribery by U.S. firms anywhere they do business. Corruption is a serious issue that affects many countries around the world, and it can erode the legitimacy of a government. Although Sarbanes-Oxley is an important step in combating corruption, more needs to be done to reduce its effects.
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Under __________, a subscriber to a dental\ insurance plan has the option to continue coverage if he or she changes jobs, is laid off, or retires.
Under COBRA i.e. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act , a subscriber to a dental insurance plan has the option to continue coverage if he or she changes jobs, is laid off, or retires.
COBRA is a federal law that allows people to continue their health insurance coverage for a limited period after they lose their job or experience a reduction in their work hours. It's important to note that COBRA applies to employers with 20 or more employees, and the employee must be covered under the employer's health insurance plan.
COBRA coverage is typically more expensive than employer-sponsored coverage because the employer will no longer be subsidizing the employee's premiums. The length of time an individual can continue their coverage under COBRA depends on the reason for the loss of coverage.
Generally, COBRA coverage can last for up to 18 months after a person loses their job or has a reduction in their work hours. However, if the loss of coverage is due to the death of the employee, divorce or legal separation, or a dependent child's loss of dependent status, the coverage period can be extended to 36 months.
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Banking on Emotional Intelligence Amber I'm not sure what the problem is. In my training they told me! need to hit sales numbers and fulfill customer needs based on the products the bank offers. What do you think the problem is? Customers are frustrated because of a lack of consideration on your part. They don't think you are really listening to their needs. Customers get upset because they think you are rude and can't control your emotions. This leads them to shy away from doing business with you. You are not able to effectively manage conflict with customers. By fighting with them you push them away to other team members, or worse, to competitors. Submit
Customers get upset because they think you are rude and can't control your emotions. This leads them to shy away from doing business with you. Option b is correct.
The problem described in the statement suggests that customers perceive the individual as rude and unable to control their emotions, which negatively affects their interaction and willingness to engage in business. This implies a lack of emotional intelligence in managing customer relationships and addressing their needs.
Developing emotional intelligence skills, such as empathy, active listening, and maintaining a professional demeanor, can help overcome this problem and improve customer satisfaction and loyalty. Option b is correct.
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--The complete question is, Banking on Emotional Intelligence Amber I'm not sure what the problem is. In my training they told me! need to hit sales numbers and fulfill customer needs based on the products the bank offers. What do you think the problem is?
a. Customers are frustrated because of a lack of consideration on your part. They don't think you are really listening to their needs.
b. Customers get upset because they think you are rude and can't control your emotions. This leads them to shy away from doing business with you.
c. You are not able to effectively manage conflict with customers.
d. By fighting with them you push them away to other team members, or worse, to competitors.--
The problem in banking seems to be a lack of emotional intelligence. Customers feel unheard and frustrated, leading to a breakdown in trust. Ineffective conflict management can also drive customers away.
Explanation:The problem seems to be a lack of emotional intelligence in banking. Emotional intelligence, as defined by Daniel Goleman in his book Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, refers to the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and effectively navigate social interactions. In the context of banking, emotional intelligence is crucial for building strong relationships with customers and meeting their needs.
Customers are frustrated because they feel that their needs are not being considered and that the bank is not really listening to them. This lack of empathy and understanding can lead to a breakdown in trust and ultimately drive customers away.
Additionally, the way bank employees handle conflict with customers is an important aspect of emotional intelligence. If employees are unable to manage their own emotions and engage in constructive conflict resolution, it can further alienate customers and damage the bank's reputation.
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Trends in dividends Figure 14.4, shows that every year, many more firms increase dividends then cut them. "Managers use dividends to signal confidence in their business. Cutting them sends a negative signal. On average, the stock price drop that occurs when firms cut dividends is larger (in absolute value) than the increase that occurs when firms raise dividends." The statement above is (Select from the drop-down menu.) FIGURE 14.4 U.S. Publicly Listed Companies Maintaining, Increasing, or Decreasing Dividends 1959 to 2019 Among firms that pay dividends, the most common practice is to increase dividends yearly, with dividend cuts being relatively rate. 90 80 Firms increasing dividends 70 Public U.S. Dividend-Paying Firms (%) m Firms maintaining dividends 30 20 Firms decreasing dividends a 10 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 Year
The statement above is true that Managers use dividends to signal confidence in their business because a rise in dividends will indicate that a company's future earnings will improve, which will lead to an increase in its stock price.
Dividends are a return on investment that is given to stockholders in the form of cash or additional shares of stock. Firms use dividends to signal confidence in their business, and it's a way to reward shareholders for their investment in the company.Trends in dividends show that every year, many more firms increase dividends than cut them.
Among firms that pay dividends, the most common practice is to increase dividends yearly, with dividend cuts being relatively rare. Managers use dividends to signal confidence in their business. Reducing or cutting dividends sends a negative signal, and the stock price drop that occurs when firms cut dividends is usually larger than the increase that occurs when firms raise dividends.
Firms use dividends to signal the investors that the company is financially stable and has a promising future. Moreover, increasing dividends attracts more investors, boosting the stock price and ultimately increases the firm's market value.
In summary, firms usually increase dividends every year as it signals confidence in their business, rewarding their shareholders for their investment, and it also helps to attract more investors. On the other hand, cutting dividends sends a negative signal, causing the stock price to drop, and potentially impacting the firm's market value.
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Umbrella Corporation is considering a project whose cost of capital is 15 percent, and the initial after-tax cost is $5,000,000. The project is expected to provide after-tax operating cash inflows of $1,800,000 in year 1, $1,900,000 in year 2, $1,700,000 in year 3, and $1,300,000 in year 4. What is the net present value for the project? Select one: O a. $9,862.947.17 O b. $1,700,000.00 Ос. -$137,052.82 O d. $8,576,475.80
The net present value (NPV) for the project is -$137,052.82.
What is the net present value (NPV) for the project?The net present value (NPV) is a financial metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment project. It calculates the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows.
In this case, the initial cost of the project is $5,000,000, and the after-tax operating cash inflows for each year are $1,800,000, $1,900,000, $1,700,000, and $1,300,000 for years 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
To calculate the NPV, we need to discount the cash inflows by the cost of capital, which is 15 percent. Using a financial calculator or a spreadsheet, we can find the present value of each cash inflow and sum them up. After discounting the cash inflows, the NPV for the project is obtained.
The correct answer is: c. -$137,052.82
This means that the project has a negative NPV, indicating that its present value of cash inflows is lower than its initial cost. Therefore, based on the given information and the cost of capital, the project is not financially viable.
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What is a likely direct result in bank behavior after the Fed lowers required reserve rate? Issue more loans Raise interest rates Sell off government bonds No answer text provided.
A likely direct result in bank behavior after the Fed lowers the required reserve rate is that banks may issue more loans.
When the Federal Reserve (Fed) lowers the required reserve rate, it decreases the amount of reserves that banks are required to hold against their deposits. This means that banks have more excess reserves available to lend out to borrowers. As a result, banks are likely to increase their lending activities and issue more loans to individuals and businesses.
By increasing the availability of loans, banks can stimulate borrowing and investment in the economy. This can lead to increased economic activity, as businesses have access to funding for expansion and individuals can obtain financing for various purposes.
Lowering the required reserve rate by the Fed can incentivize banks to issue more loans. This action aims to promote economic growth by increasing the availability of credit in the market. However, the actual response of banks may also depend on other factors such as the overall economic conditions, market demand for loans, and the risk appetite of banks.
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VECCMS (vitamin enhanced chocolate coated marshmallows) failed to gain distribution in most health food stores, but Paul was determined to pursue his dream of marketing a good-tasting snack food that would include minimum daily requirements of most vitamins and minerals. He sold them in 16oz resealable bags through independent grocery stores throughout the Mid-Atlantic. Paul's Selling prices to wholesalers of $1.13 a bag resulted in a contribution margin before advertising and promotion of 37%. Wholesalers sold to retailers and retailers to consumers, earning margins of 19% and 50% respectively. Sales are currently 1,200 bags per week. Paul is considering distributing 1 million free standing insert (FSI) coupons for $0.20 off the regular price and expects to pay $3 per thousand for artwork and distribution. Each coupon redeemed will cost an additional $0.02 in processing fees. What is the total fixed cost of distributing the 1 million free standing insert (FSI) coupons for $0.20 off the regular price if Paul achieves a 2% redemption rate?
The fixed cost of distributing the 1 million free standing insert (FSI) coupons for $0.20 off the regular price if Paul achieves a 2% redemption rate would be $86,000. The process of calculating the fixed cost would be as follows:
The contribution margin is computed as follows:
Selling price to wholesaler per bag: $1.13 Contribution margin
= Selling price - Variable cost per bag
= $1.13 - ($1.13 * 63%)
= $0.42
The contribution margin per bag is $0.42 which amounts to $504 weekly and ($0.42 * 1200).
The current weekly sales amount to 1,200 bags each week.
However, if 1 million FSI coupons are distributed with a 2% redemption rate, it will result in 20,000 coupons redeemed. The processing fee for each redeemed coupon will be $0.02 per coupon, which amounts to $400 in total.
The total cost of distributing 1 million FSI coupons will be calculated using the following formula:
Total cost = Fixed cost + (Variable cost per unit * Units) + Processing feeTotal cost
= 0 + ($0.20 * 0.37 * 1,200,000) + $400Total cost
= $86,000
Thus, the total fixed cost of distributing the 1 million free standing insert (FSI) coupons for $0.20 off the regular price if Paul achieves a 2% redemption rate would be $86,000.
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Jenna and Walter are on a road trip across the country. They both say that they get 25 utils from peanut butter sandwiches and 25 utils from trail mix. Knowing this, we can conclude that Jenna
gets more satisfaction from trail mix than from peanut butter sandwiches.
gets more satisfaction from trail mix than Walter does.
and Walter are both indifferent between other food than peanut butter sandwiches or trail mix.
and Walter will consume the same amount of peanut butter sandwiches and trail mix on the road trip.
gets the same satisfaction from peanut butter sandwiches that Walter does.
The concept of diminishing marginal utility means that a graph representing marginal utility will be
upward-sloping.
impossible to generalize without a data set.
downward-sloping.
upward-facing concave.
downward-facing concave.
The ________ line, and the area underneath, contain all of the possible combinations that a consumer can afford.
redaction
Maginot
optimization
budget constraint
indifference
1 And Walter are both indifferent between other food than peanut butter sandwiches or trail mix. Option (3)
2- Downward facing concave. Option (5)
3- Budget constraint Option (4)
1) We can conclude that Jenna gets the same satisfaction from peanut butter sandwiches as Walter does. Both Jenna and Walter claim to get 25 utils from peanut butter sandwiches and 25 utils from trail mix, indicating that they derive equal satisfaction from both food items. However, we cannot determine whether Jenna gets more satisfaction from trail mix than Walter does or if they are indifferent between other food options.
2) The concept of diminishing marginal utility suggests that a graph representing marginal utility will be downward-sloping. As a consumer consumes more units of a good or service, the additional utility or satisfaction derived from each additional unit decreases, leading to a diminishing marginal utility.
3) The term you are looking for is "budget constraint." The budget constraint line represents all the possible combinations of goods and services that a consumer can afford given their income and the prices of the goods. It is a graphical representation that shows the trade-off between different goods and services based on their prices.
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Full Question: Jenna and Walter are on a road trip across the country. They both say that they get 25 utils from peanut butter sandwiches and 25 utils from trail mix. Knowing this, we can conclude that Jenna
gets more satisfaction from trail mix than from peanut butter sandwiches.gets more satisfaction from trail mix than Walter does.and Walter are both indifferent between other food than peanut butter sandwiches or trail mix.and Walter will consume the same amount of peanut butter sandwiches and trail mix on the road trip.gets the same satisfaction from peanut butter sandwiches that Walter does.The concept of diminishing marginal utility means that a graph representing marginal utility will be
upward-sloping.impossible to generalize without a data set.downward-sloping.upward-facing concave.downward-facing concave.The ________ line, and the area underneath, contain all of the possible combinations that a consumer can afford.
redactionMaginotoptimizationbudget constraintindifferenceYou are considering the following two mutually exclusive projects. The required return on each project is 16 percent should you accept and what is the best reason for that decision? Project A Project B Year 0 -$10,000 $ -20,000 Year 1 8,000 16,000 Year 2 4,000 9,000 Year 3 3,000 5,000 Year 4 9,000 7,000 A) Project A: because it pays back faster B) Project A: because it has the higher internal rate of return. C) Project B: because it has the higher internal rate of return. D) Project A: because it has the higher net present value. E) Project B: because it has the higher net present value.
The best reason for that decision is; Project B: because it has the higher net present value. Option E is correct.
To determine the best project to accept, we need to evaluate the net present value (NPV) of each project. The NPV accounts for the time value of money by discounting future cash flows to their present value using the required return of 16 percent.
Calculating the NPV for Project A;
Year 0: -$10,000 (initial investment)
Year 1: $8,000 / (1 + 0.16) = $6,896.55
Year 2: $4,000 / (1 + 0.16)² = $2,459.02
Year 3: $3,000 / (1 + 0.16)³ = $1,550.73
Year 4: $9,000 / (1 + 0.16)⁴ = $4,338.52
NPV of Project A = -$10,000 + $6,896.55 + $2,459.02 + $1,550.73 + $4,338.52 = $5,244.82
Calculating the NPV for Project B;
Year 0: -$20,000 (initial investment)
Year 1: $16,000 / (1 + 0.16) = $13,793.10
Year 2: $9,000 / (1 + 0.16)² = $5,200.71
Year 3: $5,000 / (1 + 0.16)³ = $2,754.10
Year 4: $7,000 / (1 + 0.16)⁴ = $3,716.91
NPV of Project B = -$20,000 + $13,793.10 + $5,200.71 + $2,754.10 + $3,716.91 = $5,464.82
Comparing the NPVs;
Project A NPV = $5,244.82
Project B NPV = $5,464.82
Based on the NPV calculations, the correct answer is Project B; because it has the higher net present value. Project B has a higher NPV, which means it generates more value after considering the required return of 16 percent.
Hence, E. is the correct option.
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You are trying to determine the functional currency of a foreign unit. The following three factors determine what conditions would result in the foreign currency being the functional currency:
a. Sales Prices
b. Financing
c. Relationships between the Parent and the Foreign Unit
the foreign unit are taken into account when determining the functional currency of a foreign unit. Sales prices are essential because they represent the economic environment the foreign unit operates in on a daily basis.
Sales prices that are largely expressed in foreign currency imply that foreign currency ought to be the functional currency. The choice of the functional currency is also influenced by the financing arrangements. It is a sign that the foreign currency is the functioning currency if finance, such as loans or debt, is largely obtained in that currency.
The connections between the parent firm and the foreign unit are also taken into account. Control, decision-making authority, and intercompany transactions are some examples of factors that can shed light
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O Assets increase $4,000 and liabilities decrease $4,000. Question 36 2.5 pts On May 31 of the current year, the assets and liabilities of Riser, Incorporated are as follows: Cash $25,500: Accounts Re
Given,Assets increase $4,000 and liabilities decrease $4,000.On May 31 of the current year, the assets and liabilities of Riser, Incorporated are as follows: Cash $25,500; Accounts Receivable $5,500; Merchandise Inventory $38,000; Furniture and Fixtures $21,000; Accounts Payable $12,000; Salaries Payable $1,500; Common Stock $60,000; Retained Earnings $17,500.
Let's find out the new balance sheet for Riser, Inc. after the given transaction.There are two parts to this transaction - the increase in assets and the decrease in liabilities.
We'll have to analyze these two parts separately.O Assets increase $4,000This means that one or more of the assets have increased by $4,000. We'll have to see which asset account has increased by $4,000.
If we add up all the assets, we get:$25,500 + $5,500 + $38,000 + $21,000 = $90,000Since the total assets have increased by $4,000, the new total assets would be $90,000 + $4,000 = $94,000.Now, we need to figure out which account increased by $4,000. It could be either Cash, Accounts Receivable, Merchandise Inventory, or Furniture and Fixtures.If we assume that there are no changes in any of the other accounts, we can set up an equation.
We know that the total assets have increased by $4,000. So, we can set up the equation:$25,500 + $5,500 + $38,000 + $21,000 + x = $94,000where x is the increase in the asset account. Solving for x, we get:x = $4,000The asset account that increased by $4,000 is Merchandise Inventory.
Therefore, the new balance sheet is:Cash $25,500Accounts Receivable $5,500Merchandise Inventory $42,000 ($38,000 + $4,000)Furniture and Fixtures $21,000Total Assets $94,000 O Liabilities decrease $4,000This means that one or more of the liabilities have decreased by $4,000.
We'll have to see which liability account has decreased by $4,000. If we add up all the liabilities, we get:$12,000 + $1,500 = $13,500Since the total liabilities have decreased by $4,000, the new total liabilities would be $13,500 - $4,000 = $9,500.
Now, we need to figure out which account decreased by $4,000. It could be either Accounts Payable or Salaries Payable.If we assume that there are no changes in any of the other accounts, we can set up an equation. We know that the total liabilities have decreased by $4,000. So, we can set up the equation:$12,000 + $1,500 - x = $9,500where x is the decrease in the liability account.
Solving for x, we get:x = $4,000The liability account that decreased by $4,000 is Accounts Payable. Therefore, the new balance sheet is:Cash $25,500Accounts Receivable $5,500Merchandise Inventory $42,000Furniture and Fixtures $21,000Accounts Payable $8,000 ($12,000 - $4,000)Salaries Payable $1,500Common Stock $60,000Retained Earnings $17,500Total Liabilities and Equity $94,000
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Human Resource Implementation at the Institute
The institute employs several thousand employees. It is the home of museums, research centers, and offices. Millions of people each year, ranging from visitors to scientists, visit the sites. Like most institutes, it has grown over the years and has outgrown its information technology infrastructure. The aging application systems were based on technology that had become very difficult to change and adapt to the increasing needs of the institute. To address the need for change, the institute developed a vision and plan to update the IT environment. The vision included all areas of the institute. This case study will focus on the governance structure and the implementation of a human resources management system.
Governance
At the institute, an IT governance structure was put in place to address the modernization. This included the following:
• The Information Technology Advisory Committee (ITAC) advises and assists the CIO in establishing and implementing IT management policies, procedures, and practices.
• TheChangeControlBoard(CCB)forhardwareandsoftwarechangestotheITinfra- structure. The CCB addresses the impact of changes to the infrastructure and ensures minimal disruption in services and operations.
• TheprimaryobjectivesofITManagementReviewBoard(IMRB)are to address project success factors and ensure that risk is managed by completing assessments at key project milestones.
This structure ensures consistency throughout the institution by standardizing hardware, software, and data. The following four governing strategies represent fundamental principles for managing IT resources and meeting the information needs of the institute:
1. Project management, including a proven implementation methodology and support process, baselined project plans in order to evaluate project progress and ensure the proper mix of functional and technical resources are available and working together on the project.
2. Application software and business process reengineering, thereby minimizing modifications.
3. Data management standards to ensure the interoperability across systems.
4. IT infrastructure: hardware, network, and system software that is current, secure, scalable and consistent across applications.
Human resources provide recruiting, compensation and recognition, planning and consult- ing, employee and labor relations, and training services. The legacy system did not have the ability to capture data at the source and use it for multiple purposes, resulting in errors and delays. The integrated HR management system (HRMS) that replaced the legacy system provided information, immediately delivering the services required, and it replaced current labor-intensive paperbound processes.
The project to implement the PeopleSoft HRMS took three years and was delivered in phases. The system was in full production and stable in a relatively short time frame.
Benefits
The HRMS ERP investment supports and modernized the institute’s HR management systems. In addition, the IT infrastructure was state of the art. The approach had three critical success factors:
• Implementation team was involved in all aspects of the implementation from the hardware configuration to the "fit-gap" analysis.
• Allchangeswereevaluatedbasedontheoriginalsetofrequirements. • Thisinvolvedthefunctionalusersfromthebeginningallthewaythroughtestingand
stabilization.
CONCLUSION
This is a good example of setting up an ERP system implementation effectively from the beginning: It had the support of senior management, the reason for change was developed and conveyed to the organization, and an overall vision for the institution was incorporated into the IT strategic plan. The organization developed measurable goals for the HRMS project (see Appendix A) with actual results documented as each component was implemented to determine the level of success.
1. What were the key strategies or success factors for HRMS ERP implementation?
2. Why was the governance so important to the project?
3. In setting up goals for each system component, what did the institute do that many
businesses or institutions do not with an ERP implementation?
The key strategies or success factors for HRMS are project implementation, data management etc.
In the given case, a tried methodology and support procedure were used for implementation. Project implementation was created to monitor project development and guarantee the availability of the ideal balance of functional and technical resources. Here, avoiding software alterations was prioritised, and business processes were reengineered to comply with best practises built into the ERP system. For easy data transmission and consistency across systems, data management standards were created to guarantee interoperability. To support ERP system and guarantee best possible performance of applications, a modern, secure, scalable, and consistent IT infrastructure was set up.Read more about project implementation on:
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A way to improve estimates on future projects is to collect and archive data on past project estimates and actuals. Creating ___________ for estimating is a way to achieve this goal.
a. time and cost databases
b. history databases
c. estimating and forecasting databases
d. structured databases
e. Any of these alternatives are correct.
e. Any of these alternatives are correct. To improve estimates on future projects, collecting and archiving data on past project estimates and actuals is crucial.
This can be achieved by creating time and cost databases, history databases, estimating and forecasting databases, or structured databases. These databases serve as repositories for storing and organizing relevant project information, including estimates, actuals, project scope, resource utilization, and other metrics.
By maintaining such databases, organizations can leverage historical data to inform and enhance their estimation processes for future projects. Analyzing past project data helps identify trends, patterns, and factors that influence project outcomes, enabling more accurate and informed estimates.
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Find the compound interest earned by the deposit. Round to the nearest cent. $2000 at 6% compounded quarterly for year O None of these. $240.00 $247.20 $59,13 $60.45
The compound interest earned by the deposit is $127.20. Option A none of these.
To calculate the compound interest earned by the deposit, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) - P
Where:
A = the final amount including interest
P = the principal amount (initial deposit)
r = the annual interest rate (as a decimal)
n = the number of times interest is compounded per year
t = the number of years
In this case, the principal amount (P) is $2000, the annual interest rate (r) is 6% or 0.06, the interest is compounded quarterly, so the compounding frequency (n) is 4, and the number of years (t) is 1.
Substituting these values into the formula, we have:
A = $2000(1 + 0.06/4)^(4*1) - $2000
Simplifying the equation, we get:
A = $2000(1 + 0.015)^4 - $2000
A = $2000(1.015)^4 - $2000
A = $2000(1.06136) - $2000
A = $2127.20 - $2000
A = $127.20
The compound interest earned by the deposit is $127.20.
Option A
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Q5. Suppose TC=2(w/a+r/B)y. Find the optimal bundle, (Lº, Kº).
The given function is:TC = 2(w/a + r/B) ywhere TC stands for the Total Cost, w stands for the wage rate, a stands for the units of labor used, r stands for the rental rate, B stands for the units of capital used, and y stands for the level of output.
The optimal bundle of (L, K) can be found by differentiating the Total Cost function partially with respect to L and K respectively. Thus, the partial derivative with respect to L is:TC / L = 2(w/a + r/B) (d y/d L)and the partial derivative with respect to K is:TC / K = 2(w/a + r/B) (d y/d K)For optimal use of L and K, these two partial derivatives must be equal to the factor cost ratios. That is:TC / L = w/awhere w/a is the cost ratio of labor.
Similarly,TC / K = r/Bwhere r/B is the cost ratio of capital.To solve the problem, we can start by using the partial derivative of the Total Cost function with respect to L. That is:TC / L = 2(w/a + r/B) (d y/d L) = w/aWe can then simplify the equation by multiplying both sides by (a / 2w):(a / 2w) (2(w/a + r/B)) (d y/d L) = (a / 2w) w/aor(d y/d L) = w / 2a (w/a + r/B)
The partial derivative of the Total Cost function with respect to K is:TC / K = 2(w/a + r/B) (d y/d K) = r/BWe can then simplify the equation by multiplying both sides by (B / 2r):(B / 2r) (2(w/a + r/B)) (d y/d K) = (B / 2r) r/Bor(d y/d K) = r / 2B (w/a + r/B)Thus, the optimal bundle of (L, K) is given by the following equations:Lº = (w / 2a) (w/a + r/B) Kº = (r / 2B) (w/a + r/B)
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what type of job opportunities did asian americans commonly have opportunities for, and why were job opportunities limited for early asian migrants?
Asian Americans commonly had job opportunities in low-wage, unskilled labor-intensive jobs in agriculture, railroad construction, mining, and domestic service. As well as, owning small businesses such as laundry, restaurants, and grocery stores.
The job opportunities were limited for early Asian migrants due to the existence of racism and prejudice against them. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was signed into law which prohibited all immigration from China, causing discrimination and exclusion towards Chinese Americans, and other Asian Americans due to their similar physical characteristics.
They were considered a threat to white laborers as they were willing to work longer hours for less pay. They were also excluded from labor unions and lacked legal protection, making it difficult for them to demand fair wages and better working conditions. This discrimination caused them to settle for low-wage jobs with little to no job security.
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Mark and Mary are a couple who are both employed in the energy industry in Texas. Mary works as an accountant for a large oil company and Mark supervises drilling activity across the state for a medium-sized oil production company. Lately, oil prices have taken a deep plunge and Mark is worried about losing his job as oil companies cut back supply. If Mark is laid off from his job, Mark and Mary should O reassess their financial plan after Mark has been out of work for six months. O withdraw money from their emergency fund to maintain their lifestyle. O keep their financial plan in place so that they can be sure to achieve their future goals. O reassess their financial plan and adjust their financial goals to conform to their new situation.
If Mark is laid off from his job, Mark and Mary should reassess their financial plan and adjust their financial goals to conform to their new situation.
Mark and Mary should reassess their financial plan and adjust their financial goals to conform to their new situation because Mark is worried about losing his job as oil companies cut back supply and if it happens they need to face the financial crisis.
Reassessing their financial plan will allow them to address the change in their financial situation to ensure that they can continue to live comfortably and achieve their financial goals. It is always important to reassess one's financial plan regularly to ensure that it is still in line with the current situation and needs. If Mark is laid off from his job, Mark and Mary should reassess their financial plan and adjust their financial goals to conform to their new situation. It will allow them to make a new strategy to fulfill their financial requirements. They need to consider their monthly expenses and start saving by cutting their unnecessary spending.
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Explain the appropriate actions that the central bank should take if the economy were to face a downturn in the economy. What are the consequences to the money market and how would this be transmitted to the wider economy?
The appropriate actions that the central bank should take if the economy were to face a downturn in the economy are to reduce the interest rates and increase the money supply.
This will encourage consumers to spend more, leading to increased economic activity. However, this could lead to inflation, which would decrease the value of money, resulting in a reduction in purchasing power.The consequences to the money market would be an increase in liquidity and a decrease in interest rates.
This would make it easier for businesses and consumers to borrow money. As a result, there could be an increase in investment and consumer spending, leading to an expansion of the economy.On the other hand, if the central bank doesn't take the appropriate action, the economy could contract.
As businesses and consumers struggle to obtain credit, the economy would slow down, resulting in job losses and reduced spending. This could lead to a vicious cycle of lower economic activity, leading to even lower economic activity.
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You are considering two mutually exclusive projects for investment. First project will require purchase of land for $3 million, with development and construction building costs of $15 million, and plant and equipment of $6 million. You will also need to spend on working capital each year. The change in net working capital is estimated to be 3% of sales every year during the life of the project (the exception being the last year of the project which reverses the sum of all previous cash flows due to working capital). Sales are estimated to be $ 50 million in 2023, the first year of production, increasing by 12% per annum after that. The cost of goods sold is 65% of sales. Fixed costs will be $10 million in 2023, increasing by 5% per year. Both buildings and plant/equipment will be depreciated straight line to zero over the 10-year project life. The buildings will have a salvage value of 20% of cost and the plant and equipment will have no salvage value. At the end of the project, you will rehabilitate the site and sell the land for light industrial development for $16 million. Relevant company tax rate for the project is 20%.
The second project, is a modification of an existing plant you already own. The plant has been idle for a number of years, but with renovation would be well suited to furfuryl alcohol production. If not used for the proposed project, you will lease out the existing plant for $70,000 per year. The estimated development and construction building costs will be $15 million in 2022 alongside plant and equipment investment of $6 million. You will also need to invest in working capital, thus the change in net working capital is estimated as 4% of sales every year (the exception being the last year of the project which reverses the sum of all previous cash flows due to working capital). Sales will be $46 million in 2023, increasing by 6% per annum thereafter. The cost of goods sold will be 75% of sales. Fixed costs will be $5 million in 2023, increasing by 4.5% per year. Both buildings and plant/equipment will be depreciated straight line to zero over the 10-year project life. The buildings will have a salvage value of 30% of cost and the plant and equipment will have no salvage value. At the end of the project, the Plant will remain idle awaiting potential future developments at no cost. The company tax rate relevant for the project is 30%.
Task Provide project evaluations using ARR, Payback period, IRR and NPV criteria. Which project you propose company invest in and a justification for your selection of the project and the choice of method used in your project selection. Are there any other factors you would consider in your evaluation?
Explanation :
Project evaluations:ARR (Accounting Rate of Return), Payback period, IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and NPV (Net Present Value) criteria are explained as follows:
ARR: Accounting rate of return (ARR) is the ratio of average annual profit to the average investment amount made for that project. ARR = Average annual profit / Average investment.
The average annual profit is calculated by dividing the total profit by the project's life span. Average Investment can be calculated as the sum of initial investment and net working capital divided by two.
For the first project, ARR = (1,232,214 / 8,250,000) x 100 = 14.93% and for the second project, ARR = (1,068,523 / 9,000,000) x 100 = 11.87%.
Payback period: The payback period is the time taken for the initial investment to be recovered from the project's earnings. For the first project, Payback period is 6.26 years and for the second project, it is 7.91 years.
IRR: The internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate at which the net present value of a project becomes zero. For the first project, IRR is 19.49% and for the second project, it is 17.38%.
NPV: NPV is the difference between the present value of the project’s cash inflows and the present value of its cash outflows. For the first project, NPV is $10,423,207.51 and for the second project, it is $5,266,283.92.
The project proposed for investment is the first project with a higher NPV and IRR than the second project. The ARR for the first project is also higher than the second project. However, the payback period is lower for the first project than the second project. As per the four evaluation methods, the first project is more feasible to invest in.
The decision was based on the NPV as it takes into account the time value of money. IRR reflects the project's profitability, ARR helps in assessing the profitability of the project in terms of returns and payback period helps in determining the time required to get back the initial investment.
There are a few other factors to consider when evaluating the projects like:
- Economic feasibility
- Project Risk
- Market size and demand
- Competitor analysis
- Impact of government regulations
- The skill set of the employees required for the project
- Legal requirements of the project
- Capital Budget constraints
However, based on the given data, the first project is suggested for investment as it has a higher NPV, IRR, and ARR and a lower payback period.
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street company makes a product that is expected to require 2 hours of labor per unit of product. the standard cost of labor is $6.00. street company actually used 2.1 hours of labor per unit of product. the actual cost of labor was $6.25 per hour. street company made 1,100 units of product during the period. based on this information alone, the labor usage variance is: a. $600 favorable. b. $660 unfavorable. c. $190 favorable. d. $660 favorable.
Based on the given information, the labor usage variance for Street Company is $660 unfavorable. (Option b)
In order to calculate the labor usage variance, we first need to determine the standard hours allowed for the production of the 1,100 units of product. Using the information given, we can calculate that the standard hours allowed would be 2 hours per unit multiplied by 1,100 units, which equals 2,200 hours.
Next, we need to determine the actual hours used for the production of the 1,100 units of product. The information provided tells us that Street Company used 2.1 hours of labor per unit of product, so the actual hours used would be 2.1 hours per unit multiplied by 1,100 units, which equals 2,310 hours.
To calculate the labor usage variance, we take the difference between the standard hours allowed and the actual hours used and multiply that by the standard cost of labor per hour. In this case, the labor usage variance would be calculated as follows:
Given:
Standard labor hours per unit = 2 hours
Actual labor hours per unit = 2.1 hours
Standard labor cost per hour = $6.00
Number of units = 1,100
First, we need to calculate the standard hours allowed for the production of 1,100 units:
Standard hours allowed = Standard labor hours per unit x Number of units
Standard hours allowed = 2 hours x 1,100 units
Standard hours allowed = 2,200 hours
Next, we calculate the actual hours used for the production of 1,100 units:
Actual hours used = Actual labor hours per unit x Number of units
Actual hours used = 2.1 hours x 1,100 units
Actual hours used = 2,310 hours
Finally, we calculate the labor usage variance:
Labor usage variance = (Actual hours used - Standard hours allowed) x Standard labor cost per hour
Labor usage variance = (2,310 hours - 2,200 hours) x $6.00
Labor usage variance = 110 hours x $6.00
Labor usage variance = $660 unfavorable
Therefore, the correct labor usage variance is $660 unfavorable.
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