In the citric acid cycle when an aldol addition occurs in a biological system, how do the amino acids contained in the Citrate Synthase enzyme help facilitate the reaction

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Citrate Synthase facilitates the formation of citrate by deprotonating Acetyl CoA and by protonating the carbonyl oxygen of oxaloacetate

Explanation:

Citrate synthase is a key enzyme in the citric acid cycle that functions to catalyze the formation of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA: acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate + H2O >> citrate + CoA-SH (Coenzyme A ). This enzyme contains three amino acids at its active site that work together to catalyze the conversion of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate into citrate. This active site acts by abstracting (deprotonating) a proton from the alpha carbon of Acetyl CoA which serves as the nucleophile. Subsequently, the active site of the enzyme also protonates the carbonyl oxygen of oxaloacetate, which then suffers nucleophilic attack and thereby facilitating nucleophilic substitution reaction.


Related Questions

what signals the end of the cell cycle

Answers

G2 checkpoint

If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted and the cell attempts to either complete DNA replication or repair the damaged DNA. If the DNA has been correctly replicated, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) signal the beginning of mitotic cell division.

That’s the right question

Answers

Answer:

oh cool

Explanation:

PSYCH Having a family history involving anxiety disorder, experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, or having a history of abuse are all __________ of anxiety disorders.
A. common symptoms
B. risk factors
C. causes
D. thinking styles

Answers

The answer is B. RISK FACTORS

Having a family history involving anxiety disorder, experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, or having a record of abuse are all risk factors of anxiety disorders.

Which type of anxiety disorder could be connected to traumatic past events?

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a cognitive health disorder that's begun by a scary event either sharing it or witnessing it.

Signs may include flashbacks, demons and severe anxiety, as well as unruly thoughts about the affair.

Thus, option "B"  risk factors is correct.

To learn more about anxiety disorder click here:

https://brainly.com/question/1049467

#SPJ2

The reactions of glycolysis that are shared with those in gluconeogenesis (ie use the same enzymes) are those that: Are substrate level phosphorylations Are irreversible. Are regulated steps. Operate close to equilibrium. g

Answers

Answer:

The reactions of glycolysis that are shared with those in gluconeogenesis (ie use the same enzymes) are those that Are regulated steps.

Explanation:

Glycolisis and gluconeogenesis are two mechanisms related to the carbohydrates metabolism.  Sometimes they are considered reverse processes. However, they are different because of the control points they have where reactions are irreversible.

Glycolisis and gluconeogenesis share 7 common reactions, that are reversible. Thses reactions are coordinated and regulated by F-2 and 6-BP as the answer to the hormonal action.

Glycolisis happens in the muscle, while Gluconeogenesis happens in the liver. Together they form the "Cori Cycle".

How would adding finer particles to the sand affect porosity?

Answers

Explanation:

Porosity depends on the size, shape, and mixture of grains and particles that compose soil and rock. For instance, small particles such as clays can compact more closely together, reducing the amount of porosity. However, larger particles such as sand and gravel will have more spaces available between them.

DNA sequence that codes for glycine​

Answers

qwertyuiopal!!!! :))))

Which of the following was a control variable in this experiment?
A Type of soil
B Amount of water
C Height of plants

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

mark me as brainleist answer

Geologists believe that the Earth's layers vary in depth, pressure and temperature. Since pressure and
temperature affect density , each layer has a different density as well. The density of Each layer determines its
position inside Earth.
From the table which layer is the least dense? What is the density of this layer?

Answers

Answer:

The least dense layer of the Earth is the crust. The crust density is 2.5 g/cm3

during which time frames was there the greatest rate of change in atmospheric C02 concentration

Answers

Answer:

7000 PPM

Explanation:

7000 PPM i'm pretty sure

1. Does the insect have wings? a. Yes………………………………………………………………………… go to step 2 b. No…………………………………………………………………………. Order Hemiptera 2. Does the insect have parallel wings? (hint: Parallel wings don’t stick out to the side) a. Yes……………………………………………………………………………… go to step 3 b. No………………………………………………………………………………. go to step 4 3. Does the insect have a parallel line down the back that divides the wings? a. Yes…………………………………………………………………………… Order Coleoptera b. No …………………………………………………………………………… Order Orthoptera 4. Does the insect have 4 total wings? a. Yes………………………………………………………………………………… go to step 5 b. No………………………………………………………………………………… Order Diptera 5. Does the insect have long antennae? a. Yes………………………………………………………………………………go to step 6 b. No……………………………………………………………………………… Order Odonata 6. Does the insect have a small body with large fan –shaped wings? a. Yes…………………………………………………………………………… Order Lepidoptera b. No………………………………………………………………………………Order Hymenoptera

Answers

Complete question: You will find the image in the attached files

Based on the dichotomous key below, what order does this insect belong to?

1. Does the insect have wings?  

a. Yes………………………………………………………………………… go to step 2

b. No…………………………………………………………………………. Order Hemiptera

2. Does the insect have parallel wings? (hint: Parallel wings don’t stick out to the side)

a. Yes……………………………………………………………………………… go to step 3

b. No………………………………………………………………………………. go to step 4

3. Does the insect have a parallel line down the back that divides the wings?

a. Yes…………………………………………………………………………… Order Coleoptera

b. No …………………………………………………………………………… Order Orthoptera

4. Does the insect have 4 total wings?

a. Yes………………………………………………………………………………… go to step 5

b. No………………………………………………………………………………… Order Diptera

5. Does the insect have long antennae?

a. Yes………………………………………………………………………………go to step 6

b. No……………………………………………………………………………… Order Odonata

6. Does the insect have a small body with large fan –shaped wings?

a. Yes…………………………………………………………………………… Order Lepidoptera

b. No………………………………………………………………………………Order Hymenoptera

Answer:  

ORDER ODONATA

Explanation:

It is simple to read a dichotomous key. You only need to understand the technical terminology and to detailed observe your specimen. The key will lead you to the answer.

1. Does the insect have wings?

a. Yes………………………………………………………………………… go to step 2

b. No…………………………………………………………………………. Order Hemiptera

We only need to answer this question by looking at the image. In our example, yes, the insect has wings. So we need to go to question number two. Note: In the hypothetical case that the insect would not have wings, it would belong to the Hemiptera order.

2. Does the insect have parallel wings? (hint: Parallel wings don’t stick out to the side)

a. Yes……………………………………………………………………………… go to step 3

b. No………………………………………………………………………………. go to step 4

Ok, here it tells you that parallel wings do not stick out to the side. But in our example, wings do stick out, so the answer should be NO. This species does not have parallel wings. As it is a NO, we go to question number 4.

Note: In the hypothetical case that the insect would have parallel wings, we should read number 3.

4. Does the insect have 4 total wings?

a. Yes………………………………………………………………………………… go to step 5

b. No………………………………………………………………………………… Order Diptera

This one is easy. How many wings our specimen has? Four. Then it is a YES, and we go to question number 5. Note: In the hypothetical case that the insect would not have 4 wings, it would belong to the Diptera group.

5. Does the insect have long antennae?

a. Yes………………………………………………………………………………go to step 6

b. No……………………………………………………………………………… Order Odonata

Our insect has very short antennae. They are not long at all. So, the answer is NO, the insect does not have long antennae. This answer leads us directly to the order of our individual. ORDER ODONATA. Note: In the hypothetical case that the insect would have long antennae, we should read question number 6. And so on until we would reach the order.  

ORDER ODONATA:

Dragonflies belong to this group. These insects characterize as having big eyes, and the separation between them depends on the species. They have an elongated abdomen, sometimes even longer than the wings. Their bodies must be robust to support the massive musculature that propels the wings during flight. The wings are long, big, and wide.

Usually, the males are much more colored than the females are.

The moon's relative motion causes
A)
ocean tides.
B)
wind currents.
the phases of the Moon.
D)
the rotation of the Moon.

Answers

Answer: the phases of the moon

Explanation: i did it

Define surface tension??​

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\huge\boxed{Answer\hookleftarrow}[/tex]

Surface tension could be defined as the property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of the water molecules.

____________________

ʰᵒᵖᵉ ⁱᵗ ʰᵉˡᵖˢ

# ꧁❣ RainbowSalt2²2² ࿐

[tex] \huge \boxed{\mathfrak{Question} \downarrow}[/tex]

What's surface tension?

[tex] \large \boxed{\mathfrak{Answer \: with \: Explanation} \downarrow}[/tex]

Okay, so surface tension is the energy which is required to increase the surface area of a liquid due to intermolecular forces. The formula for surface tension is :-

[tex] \boxed{ \boxed{ \sf\gamma = \frac{1}{2} . \frac{f}{l} }} \\ [/tex]

Here,

gamma = surface tension

f = force

l = length

Question 20 of 34
Which situation shows a nonrenewable resource in use?
A. Solar energy reaches Earth's surface.
B. Sunflowers grow from sunflower seeds.
O c. Computer chips are made from silicon.
D. Lobsters are caught off the coast of Maine.

Answers

Answer:

c. Computer chips are made from silicon.

Explanation:

Non-renewable resources are natural substances that cannot be easily replenished when used. Examples are natural gas, coal, oil, nuclear energy, etc. Silicon is made when Silica is heated with carbon after which the product is reacted with hydrocarbons to polymerize them. Since the hydrocarbons are made from oil and natural gas, the resulting product is non-renewable.

Chips made from silicon are not biodegradable because to reuse them, they must be sent to companies that have specialty in renewing them.

The exchange of gases and other materials between cells in the body and cells in the blood
occurs in...

A. stomach
B. capillaries
C. arteries
D. veins

Answers

The answer is B.)Capillaries

Exchange of Gases, Nutrients, and Waste Between Blood and Tissue Occurs in the Capillaries. Capillaries are tiny vessels that branch out from arterioles to form networks around body cells. In the lungs, capillaries absorb oxygen from inhaled air into the bloodstream and release carbon dioxide for exhalation.
(Don’t know if you wanted all that)

You are tasked with characterizing responses to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) treatment of HeLa Cells. You grow HeLa cells then replace the culture media with media containing EGF at various concentrations, then harvest samples for Western blot analysis using an anti-phospho-MAPK antibody as a readout of receptor tyrosine kinase activity. As expected, your control (EGF treated cells) show a strong phopho-MAPK signal on your Western blot. What do you hypothesize will happen if you pre-treat HeLa cells with siRNAs (RNAi) against Ras prior to adding EGF and performing Western blot analysis with anti-phospho-MAPK

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "The EGF receptor will be activated but the signal will not be appropriate transduced"

Explanation:

It induces the replication of cell types, especially fibroblasts or epithelial cells. It enhances neuron variety's telling the difference, ripening, and survival. The proinflammatory cytokines of the EGF family are described by four disulfide bonds that confer adhesive properties. The EGF sensor is switched on and the signal is not transmitted correctly.

Scientists analyzed data collected over a period of years in a game reserve in South Africa to test the hypothesis that competition with lions limits the abundance of leopards in the same community. The game reserve encompasses a variety of habitats, from open grassland to wooded areas around rivers and streams. It contains most of the indigenous mammal species and an adequate availability of their prey. For the most part, the leopards and lions show similar habitat preferences in the reserve.

The mass of the average lion is about three times that of the average leopard. The scientists analyzed several factors that might influence the abundance of each population, including the sizes of the animals preyed on by each species

Size of Prey Animal Percent of Leopards’ Prey (±2SEx¯) Percent of Lions’ Prey (±2SEx¯)
Small 34 ± 2 3 ± 1
Medium 63 ± 3 23 ± 2
Large 3 ± 1 36 ± 4
Very large 0 38 ± 3

Because competition with lions might affect the population size of the leopards, the scientists also analyzed data on the lion and leopard population sizes in the game reserve (Figure 1).

Required:
Describe what scientists mean when they refer to an ecological community such as that shared by the leopards and lions.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer would be - these are the ecological community that shows the interspecific competition.

Explanation:

In this ecological community, both predators lion and leopards are living together and by the given data and information it is evident that they both share the same habitat and they both depend on the same prey for their food.

This cause competition between both lion and leopard for food and habitat. Such competition or interaction is referred to as the interspecific competitions negatively impacted by the presence of the other because they will have less food.

Answer

An ecological community refers to all of the interacting populations in a defined habitat.

Explanation:

see above

Biodiversity is highest near the __________.


A. the poles


B. oceans


C. temperate zone


D. equator

Answers

Answer:

equator

Explanation:

List the effects of collecting and burning fossil fuels.

Answers

When fossil fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which in turn trap heat in our atmosphere, making them the primary contributors to global warming and climate change.
Hopefully this help you! have a great day!
❤️

Answer:

mix with rain water in clouds and form acids

release unburnt carbon particles

This cause asthma

habitat destruction increased

volcanic activity air pollution add to greenhouse effect water pollution

major driver of climate change

creates climate change and releases pollutants that lead to early death, heart attacks, respiratory disorders, stroke

Explanation:

what bug is this I need to to know.​

Answers

Answer:

i think beetle bug

Explanation:

the color size dont harm bad

Please match each description to the correct group of microorganisms.
1. Single-celled prokaryotes (Click to select)
2. Single or multi-cellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize to obtain energy (Click to select)
3. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms like parasitic worms (Click to select)
4. Minute acellular particles that parasitize cells (Click to select)
5. Molds and yeasts (Click to select)
6. Unicellular eukaryotes often described as animal-like

Answers

Answer:

BacteriaAlgaeHelminthsVirusFungiProtozoa

Explanation:

1) Single-celled prokaryotes are grouped as Bacteria because they do not have the neck ear envelope

2) Single or multi-cellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize to obtain energy are grouped as Algae example : Diatoms and kelps

3) multicellular eukaryotic organisms like parasitic worms are grouped as Helminths because they both infect and depend on their host for food

4) Minute acellular particles that parasitize cells are grouped as Virus and they depend on their host for reproduction

5) Molds and yeasts can be referred to as  Fungi . they breakdown organic matters found in dead particles

6) Unicellular eukaryotes often described as animal like  are grouped as Protozoa and they connect animals and protists

How is drought a limiting factor?

Answers

Answer:

Answer

Explanation:

It cause for disasters like lost of crop which causes no food and starvation. It also causes farms to lose money and thus is limiting farming,the citizens,and even the economy .

What are the major changes that occur after puberty?​

Answers

Answer:

The following are additional changes that may happen for the male as he experiences the changes of puberty: His body size will increase, with the feet, arms, legs, and hands sometimes growing faster than the rest of the body. This may cause the adolescent boy to experience a time of feeling clumsy.

Explanation:

Their hips become more rounded and they get a more defined waist. The vulva, vagina and nipples get bigger and the breasts begin to develop, sometimes unevenly. Other changes include pubic hair appearing and a vaginal discharge – an increase in the mucous produced in the vagina.

What are the 3 main characteristics of populations?

Answers

Answer:

Population Size and Density: Total size is generally expressed as the number of individuals in a population. ...

Population dispersion or spatial distribution: ...

Age structure: ...

Natality (birth rate): ...

Mortality (death rate):

Explanation:

Answer:

Size, Spatial Distribution and age structure or, birth and death rates.

Explanation:

Demography is the study of a population, the total number of people or organisms in a given area. Understanding how population characteristics such as size, spatial distribution, age structure, or birth rates change over time can help scientists and/or governments.

Why the Carbon must be cycled through the carbon cycle?

Answers

Answer:

The carbon cycle describes the process in which carbon atoms continually travel from the atmosphere to the Earth and then back into the atmosphere. Since our planet and its atmosphere form a closed environment, the amount of carbon in this system does not change.

antipyretics such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen work in which of the following manners?

Answers

Answer:

Decrease production of prostaglandins

Explanation:

What causes more rain to fall on one side of a mountain than the other side?

Answers

Answer:

as the air moves up the windward side of a mountain

Explanation:

it cools and volume decreases.As results

humidity increases an orographic clouds and precipitation can develop

what happens to a animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution​

Answers

Answer:

If you place an animal or a plant cell in a hypertonic solution, the cell shrinks, because it loses water ( water moves from a higher concentration inside the cell to a lower concentration outside ). ... A single animal cell ( like a red blood cell) placed in a hypotonic solution will fill up with water and then burst.

Explanation:

Hypotonic solution is a solution which, contains lesser solute concentration. If animal and plant cells are kept in a hypotonic solution then endosmosis will occur. Endosmosis is a process in which the water molecules move from outside of the cell of lower solute concentration to the inside of the cell of higher solute concentration through the cell membrane or cell wall. Due to endosmosis, both animal and plant cells will swell.

The amount of air pressure on your body is equivalent to the weight of:
a.
Your body
c.
4 loaves of bread
b.
Two elephants
d.
17 cats


Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
B
C
D

Answers

Answer:

Two elephants Is the correct answer!

Hope it helps

PLEASE HELP AND EXPLAIN (NO LINKS OR NO RANDOM ANSWERS FOR POINTS)

Answers

The dust may have caused plants to die which led to herbivores dying of starvation then the carnivores slowly started to run out of other dinosaurs to eat and they became extinct. (I hope this made sense and helped some!)

What do you think of when you hear the word heat?

Answers

Answer:

A Fireplace, the desert heat or the song "heat"

Explanation:

Answer:

ice cream and ac, heat comes to my mind as heat wave and those are horrible... they are monsters

Explanation:

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