In recent years, more than 40 percent of Americans paid no federal income tax. This is partly explained by the fact that the income tax is progressive.
An earnings tax is a tax imposed on people or entities in admire of the earnings or profits earned by means of them. profits tax typically is computed because the product of a tax rate times the taxable income. Taxation fees may also range by type or traits of the taxpayer and the kind of profits. profits tax, levy imposed on people (or family units) and groups. character profits tax is computed on the basis of profits obtained. additionally it is categorised as an instantaneous tax because the burden is possibly on the people who pay it.
underneath present guidelines of the IT Act, any person/commercial enterprise with income irrespective of the quantity earned is liable to file profits tax returns. however, presently tax on income is payable only if the internet taxable earnings for a fiscal exceeds Rs. 2.5 lakh.
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at the end of year 1, a defined benefit pension plan reported net assets available for benefits of $650,000. during year 2, the following items were recorded: investment income $ 300,000 contributions 1,350,000 administrative expenses 150,000 benefits paid directly to participants 900,000 what amount should the plan report as year-end net assets available for benefits in the year 2 statement of changes in net assets available for benefits? $600,000 $1,250,000 $1,650,000 $2,300,000
$2,300,000 he plan report as year-end net assets available for benefits in the year 2 statement of changes in net assets available for benefits. The formula for calculating present value is PV = FV / (1 + i)n.
Where present value is equal to future value divided by one plus anticipated interest rate over n years. a statement of net assets that are open to benefits, as previously mentioned. employing the same criteria as before, a statement of changes in the net assets available for benefits. knowledge of the advantages of the accumulated plan in terms of net assets actuarial present value. These could include unpaid income taxes, excess contribution refunds, accruing miscellaneous charges, and sums outstanding for securities acquired.
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The CARES Act of 2020 increased disposable income by $600 billion. If consumers spent $400 billion of those income transfers immediately. Instructions: In part a, round your response to two decimal places. In part b, round your response to the nearest whole number. a. what was the MPC? b. how much stimulus would those income transfers ultimately provide? $ billion Help Save & Exit
(a) If the consumer spends $400 Billion of that income then the MPC is 0.67
(b) Ultimately, such income transfers will produce a stimulus of $1,818 billion.
The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) measures how much a customer will spend more on consumption as their income rises. MPC is the shorthand for the change in consumption brought on by a change in income.
MPC is the product of changes in income and consumption.
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - MPC)
The entire impact of additional income on the economy is calculated using a multiplier; to put it simply, an increase in income of $600 billion results in a greater increase in the money supply of the economy.
Due to the CARES act of 2020, there will be more money available—YD = $600.
Consumption rises by $400 as disposable income increases.
(a) MPC = Change in consumption / Change in income
MPC = 400/600 = 0.67
(b) Multiplier = 1 / (1 - MPC)
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - 0.67) = 3.03
Effect of additional income in economy = Additional income x Multiplier
Effect of additional income on economy = 600 * 3.03 = $1,818 billion
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carla vista company produces and sells automobile batteries, the heavy-duty hd-240. the 2022 sales forecast is as follow
The budget for Carla Vista a company producing and selling batteries is shown below:
The production budget is the budget prepared to identify the number of units to be produced to satisfy the upcoming product sales demand by keeping in mind the target amount of closing stock.
Particulars / Units 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr Year
-
Units to be sold 5,000 7,000 8,000 10,000 30,000
Add: Closing Stock 2,800 3,200 4,000 2,500 2,500
Less: Opening Stock 2,000 2,800 3,200 4,000 2,000
Units required to be produced 5,800 7,400 8,800 8,500 30,500
Closing stock of 4th quarter = 5000 x 125% x 40% = 2,500 units
Opening and Closing Stocks in the "Year Column" reflect the inventory at the beginning and at the end of the year.
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which of the following securities qualify for a blue chip exemption under the uniform securities act? i common stock listed on the american stock exchange (nyse american) ii common stock listed on the nasdaq iii limited partnership offering where the general partner is a company listed on the american stock exchange (nyse american) iv unlisted mortgage bonds of a company whose common stock is listed on the american stock exchange (nyse american)
Common stock listed on American stock exchange (Nyse American) is the security that qualifies for blue chip exemption under the uniform securities act.
What is a Common stock?A type of investment that symbolizes ownership in a firm is common stock. Voting share and ordinary share are two words that are frequently used outside of the US. In the UK and other Commonwealth countries, they are referred to as ordinary shares or equity shares. This class of shares entitles the holder to a proportion of the profits of the Company and the right to vote on topics relating to corporate policy and the composition of the Board of Directors. Common stockholders do not own any particular business assets; rather, all shareholders own the same amount of corporate assets. The preference shareholders have first crack at dividends when company offers both ordinary and preference shares.
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total per set of covers direct materials $ 31,878 $ 15.40 direct labor $ 6,210 3.00 variable manufacturing overhead (based on direct labor-hours) $ 4,347 2.10 $ 20.50 during august, the factory worked only 500 direct labor-hours and produced 1,700 sets of covers. the following actual costs were recorded during the month: total per set of covers direct materials (5,000 yards) $ 25,500 $ 15.00 direct labor $ 5,440 3.20 variable manufacturing overhead $ 4,080 2.40 $ 20.60
The materials price variances for August is $ 13000.
Direct materials value the price of direct materials which might be simply known with the unit of production. as an example, {the value|the value|the price} of glass could be a direct materials cost in lightweight bulb producing. The manufacture of product or merchandise needed material because the prime component.
Direct labor value is a a part of wage-bill or payroll which will be specifically and systematically assigned to or related to the manufacture of a product, a selected work order, or provision of a service. Direct labor refers to any worker that's directly concerned within the producing of a product. If your business manufactures bicycles, the workers manufacturing the bicycles ar thought of direct labor.
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total per set of covers direct materials $ 31,878 $ 15.40 direct labor $ 6,210 3.00 variable manufacturing overhead (based on direct labor-hours) $ 4,347 2.10 $ 20.50 during august, the factory worked only 500 direct labor-hours and produced 1,700 sets of covers. the following actual costs were recorded during the month: total per set of covers direct materials (5,000 yards) $ 25,500 $ 15.00 direct labor $ 5,440 3.20 variable manufacturing overhead $ 4,080 2.40 $ 20.60. At standard, each set of covers should require 2.00 yards of material. All of the materials purchased during the month were used in production. Required: 1. Compute the materials price variances for August.
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The following investment return will result in what dollar weighted return? An initial outlay of $50,000, with three years of additional outflows of $10,000 each, and inflows as follows: $0 the first year, $20,000 in years 2 and 3, and sale of the property at the end of year 3 for $75,000.
CF0 = <50,000>CF1 = 0 - 10,000 = <10,000>CF2 = 20,000 - 10,000 = 10,000CF3 = 20,000 - 10,000 + 75,000 = 85,000IRR = 18.32%
The dollar-weighted return is 2.390154, or 239.0154%.
The dollar-weighted return is calculated by taking the present value of all cash flows, including the initial outlay, and dividing by the initial outlay. The present value of all cash flows is calculated as follows:
CF0 = <50,000>
CF1 = 0 - 10,000 = <10,000>
CF2 = 20,000 - 10,000 = 10,000
CF3 = 20,000 - 10,000 + 75,000 = 85,000
The present value of all cash flows is calculated as:
50,000 + (10,000 / (1 + IRR)^1) + (10,000 / (1 + IRR)^2) + (85,000 / (1 + IRR)^3) = 119,507.72
The dollar-weighted return is calculated by dividing the present value of all cash flows by the initial outlay of $50,000:
119,507.72/50,000 = 2.390154
Therefore, the dollar-weighted return is 2.390154, or 239.0154%.
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Make-or-Buy Decision Somerset Computer Company has been purchasing carrying cases for its portable computers at a purchase price of $59 per unit. The company, which is currently operating below full capacity, charges factory overhead to production at the rate of 39% of direct labor cost. The unit costs to produce comparable carrying cases are expected to be as follows: Direct materials Direct labor Factory overhead (39% of direct labor) 6.63 Total cost per unit $50.63 If Somerset Computer Company manufactures the carrying cases, fixed factory overhead costs will not increase and variable factory overhead costs associated with the cases are expected to be 12% of the direct labor costs. a. Prepare a differential analysis dated April 30 to determine whether the company should make (Alternative 1) or buy (Alternative 2) the carrying case. If required, round your answers to two decimal places. If an amount is zero, enter "0". Differential Analysis Make Carrying Case (Alt. 1) or Buy Carrying Case (A 2 ) April 30 Buy Carrying Carrying Case (Alternative 1) Alternative 23 D Elects Ahmave 2 Unit costs Purchase price Direct materials Direct labor Variable factory overhead Fed factory overhead Total unit costs b. Assuming there were no better alternative uses for the spare capacity, it would to manufacture the carrying cases. Fixed factory overhead is this decision. to
Somerset Computer Company should make carrying cases instead of purchasing as this is cheaper by $1.00
Define Total costs.The total cost is the sum of all the expenses a business has incurred to create a specific level of output. Adding up their fixed and variable costs will allow product managers to calculate their overall profit margin.
Differential analysis as at April 30:
Make (Alternative 1) Buy (Alternative 2)
Purchase Price $0.00 $24.00
Direct materials $8.00 $0.00
Direct labor $12.00 $0.00
Variable Costs - Case related $3.00 $0.00
Total Cost $23.00 $24.00
Therefore, Company should make carrying cases instead of purchasing as this is cheaper by $1.00
There is a choice to be made between Make (Alternative 1) and Buy (Alternative 2). Compute the Total costs for these choices. Ignore the fixed overheads as they are the same for both alternatives and hence irrelevant. Choose the alternative with lower costs.
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the proposition that if transaction costs are low enough, then the private market can achieve an efficient outcome regardless of which of the affected parties hold the property rights, is known as the: quizlwet
The pro-position that if trans-action costs are low enough, the private mark-et can achieve an efficient out-come regard-less of which of the affected parties hold the property rig-hts is known as the: - Coase theorem.
What Is the Coase Theorem?The Coase Theorem is a legal and eco-nomic theory developed by econo-mist Ronald Coase regarding pro-perty rights, which states that whe-re there are complete comp-etitive markets with no trans-action costs and an efficient set of inputs and out-puts, an optimal deci-sion will be selected.
It basic-ally asserts that bargain-ing between indivi-duals or groups related to pro-perty rights will lead to an opti-mal and efficient out-come, no matter what that out-come is.
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independent contractors have control over the detials of their work. that is why normally they are not agents T/F
This statement is true that independent contractors have control over the details of their work, that is why normally they are not agents.
The "company Agent" refers to any director, officer, partner, employee, agent, trustee, or fiduciary of the Company, any subsidiary, or any other enterprise. The term "Company Agent" refers to someone acting in a director or officer capacity for the Company, its subsidiary, or any other enterprise, as well as as an agent, trustee, or fiduciary.
'What is independent contractor?'
A self-employed individual or organization that has a contract to work for or offer services to another organization as a non-employee is known as an independent contractor. Independent contractors consequently have to cover their own Social Security and Medicare taxes.
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A company has two active lawsuits at the end of the year. In Lawsuit 1, the company feels it is probable that it will win $10,000. In Lawsuit 2, the company feels that it is probable that it will lose $6,000. At the end of the year, the company should report a:
Select one:
A.
Gain for $10,000.
B.
Loss for $6,000.
C.
Net gain for $4,000.
D.
Net Loss for $4,000.
A company has two active lawsuits at the end of the year. In Lawsuit 1, the company feels it is probable that it will win $10,000. The contingent responsibility for the $10,000 lawsuit will be credited in the journal entry to reflect the potential loss. The correct response is A.
Gain for $10,000
Contingent liabilities are obligations that might and arise based on the results of an unforeseen future of occurrence. Contingent liabilities are recorded if the possibility of the contingency exists and it is easier conceivable to estimate its extent. The liability may be included in a note to the financial statements if neither of these circumstances is true.
A contingent obligation must be recorded if a person contingency is foreseeable and its financial impact can be estimated with sufficient accuracy. According to GAAP, contingent liabilities can be classified as likely, conceivable, or remote. Predictable contingent liabilities can be properly assessed.
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inga buys a new car by getting a loan from a bank. if she fails to pay back the loan, the bank will claim the car. in this scenario, the car represents
Inga has bought a new car by getting a loan from a bank. If she fails to pay back the loan, the bank will claim the car. In this scenario, the car represents collateral.
A valuable asset that a borrower promises as collateral for a loan is known as collateral in the financial industry. The house is used as collateral for the loan when a home buyer gets a mortgage. The automobile is the security for a car loan.
When a company seeks bank funding, it may use valuable assets like real estate or equipment as collateral for the loan. Physical assets like a car or house might serve as collateral. Or it might be a financial asset like cash or investments.
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Because of the changing population trends in the United States, the chances of____ conflict may increase.
Because of the changing population trends in the United States, the chances of intergenerational conflict may increase.
Intergenerational war refers back to the collective anxiety, strain, and antagonism between older and younger generations over what constitutes the truthful distribution of public resources across age corporations. Intergenerational cultural dissonance (ICD)—a clash among parents and youngsters over cultural values—takes place so usually amongst immigrant households that it's miles regarded as a normative revel in (Lee et al. 2005; Sluzki 1979; Ying et al. 1999).
Intergenerational war performs a key position inside the struggle attitude of getting older. This social theory shows that battle between older and younger generations takes place as they compete for resources and jobs.
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_____ is a supply chain risk management strategy used in limiting or offsetting the probability of loss from fluctuations in the prices of commodities or currencies.
D) One example of a liability that budgetary control should ignore when assessing a project's risk is threats of state non-approval of the project.
What exactly is a project?A project is nothing more than a collection of tasks that need to be completed in order to reach a specific objective. An alternate way to define a project is as a set of inputs and outputs required to achieve a particular goal. The size and complexity of a project can be managed by one worker or one hundred.
Why is it a project, and what qualifies?As a result, the word "project" originally meant "before an action." The word's initial use in English made reference to a plan for rather than the.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. a ___ payable is a short-term liability that occurs when a company purchases goods and does not immediately pay with cash. (enter only one word.)
A trade payable is a short-term liability that occurs when a company purchases goods and does not immediately pay with cash.
A trade payable is the money that a company's suppliers bill the company for items supplied to or services used by the company routinely. If paid on credit, these invoiced sums are placed in the accounts payable section of an organization's accounting software, where they are displayed in the accounts payable report until paid. Trade payables do not include any sums owed to suppliers that are paid in cash right away because they are no longer a liability.
Trade payables are documented in a distinct accounts payable account in the accounting system, with a credit to the payable account and a debit to the account that most accurately reflects the type of payment.
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Managerial accounting, as compared to financial accounting:
a) must conform to GAAP.
b) places a great deal of emphasis on historical transactions.
c) uses frequent and prompt control reports.
d) focuses on information prepared for the investors and creditors.
(C) Managerial accounting, as compared to financial accounting is uses frequent and prompt control reports.
Although managerial accounting and financial accounting work in tandem to support an organization's financial strategy, prospective employees should be aware of the distinctions between the two fields. Financial accounting concentrates on an organization's external financial procedures, whereas managerial accounting concentrates on the internal financial processes of an organization.
Managerial accountants concentrate on short-term growth plans for maintaining the economy. Managerial accountants, for instance, can conduct a make-or-buy study to assess the financial viability of making a part to aid in the manufacturing of a product.
Financial accountants concentrate on long-term financial plans for advancing organizations. These accountants adopt predetermined forms and adhere to Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) norms and regulations when creating financial reports. All publicly traded U.S. corporations have embraced generally accepted accounting standards (GAAP), which contain the rules.
Financial accountants must generate reports for executives, shareholders, and potential investors, thus adherence to standard formats is essential. However, managerial accountants typically write their reports with internal audiences in mind.
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economics is the study of choice under conditions of scarcity. as individuals, and as a society, we have unlimited desires for goods and services. unfortunately, the resources needed to produce those goods and services are scarce. therefore, we must choose which desires to satisfy and how to satisfy them. economics provides the tools that explain those choices question 5 options: argument nonargument.
It is an argument that economics is the study of choice under conditions of scarcity. as individuals, and as a society, we have unlimited desires for goods and services.
Economics is the study of how individuals divide up finite resources between individual and group uses for production, distribution, and consumption.
Economics has two subfields: macroeconomics and microeconomics.
Efficiency in exchange and production is the main focus of economics.
Both the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are frequently used economic statistics.
The performance of a nation's economy is described by economic indicators.
People can better grasp their surroundings by studying economics. It enables people to comprehend individuals, organizations, markets, and governments, and as a result, better respond to the challenges and possibilities that arise when things change.
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A quality analyst wants to construct a control chart for determining whether four machines, all producing the same product, are under control with regards to a particular quality attribute. Accordingly, she inspected 1,000 units of output from each machine in random samples, with the following results: What is the sample proportion of defectives for machine # 1 ?
To determine whether four machines producing the same product are under control with regard to a specific quality attribute, a quality analyst wishes to build a control chart.
What percentage of the sample for machine number one's defects is there?The sample fraction of defectives for machine 1 is 0.023, according to the inquiry.
What do you mean by sample proportion and random samples?A straightforward random sample, where each participant has an equal chance of being selected, selects a tiny, random piece of the total population to represent the full data set. Using techniques like lotteries or random draws, researchers can generate a straightforward random sample. The ratio of the number of nonconforming (defective) people to the total population is known as the proportion or fraction.
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during year 1 yvoon december 31 2020, pearl inc has a mahcine with a book value of 1353600. the original cost and related accumulated depreciate at this date are as follows. machine 1872000 less: accumulated depreciation 518400
The total amount of depreciation expense paid for each capital asset since the time it was used by a business is called accumulated depreciation.
It basically refers to the total amount of an asset's depreciation throughout its lifespan.
How would we work out gathered devaluation?The accumulated depreciation is the sum of all depreciation since the purchase, while the depreciation expense is the amount recognized each period. Contra assets include the accumulated depreciation account because it is a credit-balanced asset.
31st August 2021 Cash $498,800
Accumulated Depreciation - Machine ($417,600+ $46,400) $464,000
Loss on Disposal of Machinery ($1,508,000 – $464,000 – $498,800) $545,200
Machinery $1,508,000 (To record loss of machine)
Depreciation Expense ($69,600*8/12) $46,400
Accumulated Depreciation - Machine $46,400 (To record current dep.)
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Full Question = during year 1 yvoon December 31 2020, pearl inc has a mahcine with a book value of 1353600. the original cost and related accumulated depreciate at this date are as follows. machine 1872000 less: accumulated depreciation 518400? How would we work out gathered devaluation?
FILL IN THE BLANK. Before committing to creating a team, the organization should do a __________ analysis to evaluate the work and see if a team is appropriatea. taskb. processc. skilld. job
The right answer is A. The organization should perform a task analysis to assess the work and determine whether a team is appropriate before committing to create one.
What exactly does task analysis entail?Task is the methodical examination of how users carry out tasks in order to accomplish their objectives. This information guarantees that goods and services are created to effectively and adequately support those objectives.
What are some task analysis examples?Daily living skills like tooth brushing, bathing, clothing, preparing meals, and carrying out various domestic duties are among the abilities taught utilizing a task analysis (TA).
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NewTech purchases computer equipment for $154,000 to use in operating activities for the next four years. It estimates the equipment’s salvage value at $25,000.Required:Prepare a table showing depreciation and book value for each of the four years assumin straight line depreciation.
Answer: The cost of the equipment is $154,000, and it has a salvage value of $25,000, so the amount to be depreciated is $154,000 - $25,000 = $129,000.
The equipment will be used for four years, and we are using straight-line depreciation, so the annual depreciation amount will be $129,000 / 4 = $32,250.
We can use this information to prepare a table showing the depreciation and book value for each of the four years. The table would look something like this:
Year Depreciation Book Value
1 $32,250 $121,750
2 $32,250 $89,500
3 $32,250 $57,250
4 $32,250 $25,000
In the first year, the equipment would be depreciated by $32,250, and its book value would be $121,750. In the second year, it would be depreciated by another $32,250, and its book value would be $89,500. This pattern would continue for the remaining two years, with the equipment being depreciated by $32,250 each year, and its book value decreasing accordingly. By the end of the fourth year, the equipment would have a book value of $25,000, which is its salvage value.
Explanation:
Significant differences exist between fund financial statements and government-wide financial statements. Which of the following is not one of these differences?
Fund financial statements do not include a statement of cash flows, but a statement of cash flows is required for the government-wide financial statements. The correct answer is c.
Financial statement in business term is defined as records of all financial activities in any organization, corporation, or government entity. Financial statement consists of 4 parts namely balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, and equity statement. Financial statement is used as a measurement of the overall financial condition of a company, organization, or government entity. A financial statement should be prepared and presented with a standardization using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in order for it to be easily read and understood by all who will be reading and using the information.
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Your question is incomplete, but I suppose the full question was:
"Significant differences exist between fund financial statements and government-wide financial statements. Which of the following is not one of these differences?
a. Certain fund financial statements may be prepared using the current financial resources measurement focus, but government-wide financial statements are prepared using the economic resources measurement focus.
b. Fund financial statements focus on reporting major governmental and enterprise funds, but government-wide financial statements focus on reporting the government as a whole.
c. Fund financial statements do not include a statement of cash flows, but a statement of cash flows is required for the government-wide financial statements.
d. Fiduciary funds are included in fund financial statements, but not included in government-wide financial statements.
e. Discretely presented component units are reported in government-wide financial statements, but not in fund financial statements."
an excellent time to attempt a direct close is when a customer refers to a product as if he or she already owns it.
The Presumed Close This is one of the most used closing strategies, but it demands complete assurance that the prospect is prepared to make a purchase.
Presumed is due to the fact that the Assumptive closure implies that the transaction is unavoidable. direct approach a demands sales technique when the salesperson only requests the transaction. service ending. a sales technique where the salesman describes solutions to challenges or barriers in order to close the transaction. The simplicity and clarity of the direct appeal near are its benefits. Simply and directly asking for the order constitutes this close purchase. It is the most simple closing technique, which appeals to many consumers.
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an organization shifts its budget from a few, large projects to accommodate a number of smaller projects every year. it also decentralizes power and gives additional responsibilities to individual project managers. this is an example of the use of control.
As an organization shifts its budget from a few, large projects to accommodate a number of smaller projects every year this is an example of C) structural use of control.
In the field of business, when the entire structure of a business is changed in such a way that the powers are decentralized and the responsibilities are redistributed, then such an organizational shift is referred to as the structural use of control.
In the scenario mentioned in the question, the organization is shifting its focus from larger products to fewer ones and changing the responsibilities of the project managers by adding additional responsibilities. Hence, in such a case, the structural use of control is being utilized.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
An organization shifts its budget from a few, large projects to accommodate a number of smaller projects every year. It also decentralizes power and gives additional responsibilities to individual project managers. This is an example of the use of _____ control.
A) physical
B) information
C) structural
D) financial
E) screening
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Respond to all parts of the question. In your response, use substantive examples where appropriate.Source: Leigh Angres and Jorge Salazar, "The Federal Budget in 2017," Congressional Budget Office, March 2018.
Use the chart to answer the following questions.
A. Identify the category with the largest amount of mandatory spending, according to the chart.
B. Describe the difference in spending between the mandatory and discretionary categories, according to the chart
Existing laws require mandatory spending, commonly known as direct spending. Spending of this kind also includes payments to individuals, organisations, state and municipal governments, as well as financing for entitlement programmes like Medicare and Social Security.
What constitutes the bulk of obligatory spending?
The majority of spending on mandatory items goes toward entitlement programmes, which are social welfare initiatives with predetermined criteria. For entitlement programmes, Congress determines who is eligible and what benefits are provided.
Mandatory expenditure typically, but not always, is ongoing; it happens every year absent a change in the underlying law that supplies the cash. Conversely, Congress must take action each year to authorise the financing for discretionary spending through an appropriations bill.
There is no need for Congress to vote each year to approve this kind of spending. Spending discretionary money is the second important category. Spending can be classified as either required or discretionary depending on whether it is governed by current law or put to a vote during the annual appropriations process.
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Loraine purchases raw, unpasteurized milk for her children. Loraine's mother is concerned about the potential health hazards of drinking raw milk. Loraine insists that pasteurization degrades the nutritional quality of milk and raw milk is nutritionally superior to pasteurized milk. Which of the following statements concerning pasteurization is true? Multiple Choice The pasteurization process releases bound calcium and increases absorbable dietary calcium in cow's milk The pasteurization process heats foods to kill pathogenic microorganisms O o oo The pasteurization process is not effective for killing pathogens in beverages such as milk and juice, The pasteurization process evenly distributes fat particles throughout the milk, so the cream does not rise to the top of the milk
Pasteurization makes milk safe to drink and increases the time it can be kept before it spoils. It is the process of heating the milk to high temperatures to kill harmful bacteria. It does not increase calcium in the milk. It also does not distribute fat particles in the milk.
Pasteurization is now described because the system of heating each particle of milk or milk product in a nicely designed and operating system to any of the one precise pasteurization time–temperature combinations (meals and Drug management, 2011), maximum normally 72°C for 15s, and is effective in destroying human .
The maximum commonplace technique of pasteurization in America nowadays is excessive Temperature Quick Time (HTST) pasteurization, which makes use of metal plates and warm water to elevate milk temperatures to a minimum of 161° F for no longer much less than 15 seconds, followed via rapid cooling.
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internal rate of return richins company produces automobile engine parts. the company is examining the possibility of investing in a new production system that will reduce the costs of the current system. the new system will require a cash investment of $11,551,968 and will produce net cash savings of $1,800,000 per year. the system has a projected life of 10 years. required: calculate the irr for the new production system. for discount factors use exhibit 12b-2. round your answer to the nearest whole percentage.
$15,597,680 is the IRR for new production system.
The internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate that makes the present value of the cash inflows equal to the present value of the cash outflows.
We can calculate the IRR using Exhibit 12b-2 by first calculating the present value of the cash inflows and then finding the discount rate that makes the present value equal to the present value of the cash outflows.
Present value of cash outflows (investment) = $11,551,968
Present value of cash inflows (savings) = $1,800,000 x [1/(1 + 0.08) + 1/(1 + 0.08)^2 + 1/(1 + 0.08)^3 + 1/(1 + 0.08)^4 + 1/(1 + 0.08)^5 + 1/(1 + 0.08)^6 + 1/(1 + 0.08)^7 + 1/(1 + 0.08)^8 + 1/(1 + 0.08)^9 + 1/(1 + 0.08)^10]
= $1,800,000 x 8.711
= $15,597,680
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the statements relate to the impact of protectionism on wages and employment. classify whether each statement is true or false.
While protectionism may help preserve employment in the protected sector, it often comes at the expense of employment in sectors that aren't given the same level of protection. Firstly, if customers are forced to pay more for products from the protected industry, they will have less disposable income to spend at businesses in the unprotected sector, leading to a loss of employment.
Second, if a company sells the protected product to other companies, the latter will have to pay a higher price for a critical input, which will cause them to lose business to competitors in other countries that do not have to pay the higher price. Any decline in revenue will inevitably lead to a reduction in employment.
Protectionism may seem like a good way to save jobs in one area, but it comes at the expense of other businesses. To this end, the United States International Trade Commission concluded in its analysis of trade barriers that doing away with them would not result in a net loss of jobs.
Protectionism does not generate new employment opportunities but rather transfers workers from sectors that are not shielded from imports to those that are.
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The accounting treatment of owner-occupied properties and that of investment properties is prescribed by IAS 16: Property, Plant and Equipment and IAS 40: Investment Property respectively.
Required:
Define property, plant and equipment under IAS 16 and explain why its accounting treatment is different from that of investment property.
Explain how the treatment of owner-occupied property carried under the revaluation model differs from an investment property carried under the fair value model.
A property, plant, or piece of equipment must be depreciated separately for each component that has a cost that is significant relative to the total cost of the item.
How is property, plant, and equipment measured?Property, plant, and equipment are initially valued at their cost, then revalued or measured using a cost model. Finally, they are depreciated so that the depreciable amount is distributed systematically over the course of their useful lives.
Property, plant, and equipment are tangible items that are held for use in the manufacture or provision of goods or services, for rental to third parties, or for administrative needs, and that is anticipated to be used over a prolonged period of time.
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In an efficient market the correlation coefficient between stock returns for two non-overlapping time periods should be
A. positive and large.
B. positive and small.
C. zero.
D. negative and small.
E. negative and large.
In an efficient market there should be no serial correlation between returns from non-overlapping periods.
The correlation coefficient between stock returns for two non-overlapping periods should be zero. If not, one could use returns from one period to predict returns in later periods and make abnormal profits.
Return is the financial term for an investment's profit. It includes any change in the investment's value as well as any cash flows (or securities, or other investments) that the investor receives as a result of the investment. Examples include interest payments, coupons, cash dividends, stock dividends, dividends on cash investments, and the payout from derivatives or structured products. It can be calculated as a percentage of the total amount invested or in absolute terms (like $). The holding period return is a different name for the latter.
If the amount invested is larger than zero and there is a loss as opposed to a profit, this is referred to as a negative return.
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a perfectly competitive market is in long-run equilibrium. at present there are 100 identical firms each producing 5000 units
When a sudden increase takes palce in the demand curve for the perfectly competitive market's product, in the short run the typical firm increases its output and makes an above normal profit (A).
Please refer to the graph attached below for ilustration and better undertanding.
Initally, a perfectly competitive market's equilibrium price lies in the intersection between the firm's MC and MR curves. This condition makes the typical firm has zero economic profit.
When a suddent increase takes place in the demand curve and rise the product's price to $24, the market demand curve shifts to the right. In the short run, the typical firm will try to produce the product at the output level where its supply curve meets with the new demand curve on point Q2.
The typical firms will also increase slightly in its average total costs since the ATC curve is in a U-shape. The shift in demand curve will rise the MR curve to a new place, MR'. The typical firm will earn above normal profit from this shifting, equals to the triangle area made between MC curve, MR curve and MR' curve.
However, in the long-run this profit will attract more competitors to enter the market. Since perfectly competitive market has low entry barrier, new competitor can easily enter the market and shift the supply curve to the right, S'. The entry of new competitors will bring the price back to its long-run equilibrium price but with greater amount of output level.
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Complete Question:
A perfectly competitive market is in long-run equilibrium. At present there are 100 identical firms each producing 5,000 units of output. The prevailing market price is $20. Assume that each firm faces increasing marginal cost. Now suppose there is a sudden increase in demand for the industry's product which causes the price of the good to rise to $24. Which of the following describes the effect of this incrase in demand on typical firm in the industry?
a. In the short run the typical firm increases its output and makes an above normal profit
b. In the short run the typical firm's output remains the same but becacuse of the higher price its profit increases
c. In the short run the typical firm increases its output but its total cost also rises. Hence, the effect on the firm's profit cannot be determined without any information.
d. In the short run the typical firm increases its output but its total cost also rises, resulting in no change in profit.