In pulmonary ventilation, the movement of gases is between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
What are alveoli?The alveoli (singular alveolus) are sacs that fill with air during the respiratory process of higher animals.
These structures (alveoli) are located in the lungs where function to change oxygen and CO2.
In conclusion, gases move between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
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What impacts might you expect on your lifestyle once our society arrives at peak oil? What steps do you think we should take to avoid energy shortages in a post-peak -oil future?
Peak oil affects the lifestyle of organisms to a major extent. It is directly to the overproduction of higher levels of toxic compounds when ingested by organisms through air leads to problems like respiratory damage, cancer risk, liver damage, reproductive threat, etc.
What is Peak oil?Peak oil may be defined as the speculative point in time when the global production of oil acquires its maximum rate.
The steps that should be taken to avoid energy shortages in a post-peak -oil future are as follows:
Increase the dependency on solar energy.Limit the use of non-renewable sources of energy.Save major aspects of energy for the future.Conserve and plant more trees.Individuals need to make good habits of the utilization of energy-saving components and appliances that consume very less energy.Therefore, it is well described above.
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The primate emphasis on the visual sense is reflected in Group of answer choices the reduction in the size of structures related to the sense of smell. a more forward facing position of the eyes relative to most other mammals. the presence of color vision in most species. all of the above
The primate emphasis on the visual sense is reflected in D)all of the above.
i)The presence of color vision in most species.
Good vision is a hallmark of the primate order. Maximum primates typically have shade vison which may be dichromatic and others trichromatic. they've binocular imaginative and prescient and ahead-dealing with closely spaced eyes that permit overlap between the visual view of every eye. This gives them a stereoscopic imaginative and prescient and a good feel of depth notion.
ii)A more forward-facing position of the eyes relative to other mammals.
Any photograph formed inside the retina of the attention is despatched as electric signals via the optic nerve to the visible centers in each of the hemispheres of the mind, which in the end technique the image and allow us to peer.
iii )The reduction of the size of structures related to the sense of smell.
Even though the imaginative and prescient of the primates is enormously advanced, they have shortened muzzles and hence a discounted experience of scent.
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What would the concentration of albumin be if the total protein value was 8.5 g/dL and the densitometer measured the albumin fraction as 55% of the total
Concentration of albumin = 4.675
How to calculate the concentration of albumin?
Multiple the amount of albumin in each of our tubes by 1,000 ug/mg to get the number of micrograms present. 0.1 mg/ml multiplied by 1000 ug/mg results in 100 ug/ml (the mg cancel out).
Given:
Total protein value = 8.5 g/dL
The densitometer measured the albumin fraction = 55%
Concentration of albumin =?
Formula:
Concentration of albumin = Total protein value x The densitometer measured the albumin fraction
Explanation:
Concentration of albumin = 8.5 g/dL * 55/100
= 8.5 x 0.55
= 4.675
So, The concentration of albumin is 4.675.
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Heredity and punnet squares
Section
1: Overview of Lab
1. What is the purpose of the lab?
we're science experiments took place
In skunks, stripes (S) is dominant to spots (s) and black coat color (B) is dominant to brown coat color (b). If a skunk that is homozygous for stripes and heterozygous for black coat color is crossed to a skunk that is homozygous for spots and heterozygous for black coat color, what genotypic and phenotypic ratios would you expect to observe among the offspring
The genotypic and phenotypic ratios observed among the skunks offspring are:
Genotypic ratio: 1 : 2 : 1 : 2 : 4 : 2 : 1 : 2 : 1
Phenotypic ratio:
Striped Black coat = 9/16
Striped Brown coat = 3/16
Spotted Black coat= 3/16
Spotted Brown coat = 1/16
A cross is made between a striped black coat (SSBB) with spot brown coat (ssbb). Stripes (S) is dominant to spots (s) and black coat color (B) is dominant to brown coat color (b).
In F1 generation its shows a progeny of SsBb.
If shunks of contrasting characteristics like stipe/spot and black coat/brown coat are crossed the F1 progeny would have all Stripped with black coat according to the dominance. This implies that stripes is dominant over spots and black coat is dominant over brown coat . In F2 progeny, there would be some stripes with black coat and spots with brown coat. However, there would be some shunks with recombination of characters such as stripes with brown coats and spotted shunks with a black coats. This depicts that stripe/spot and black/brown coats traits are inherited independently of each other following law of independent assortment. which states that when two traits are taken in a cross the segregation of one trait is independent to the segregation of other characters.
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A/An ____________________ is a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters with the use of an intravenous contrast medium.
A Intravenous pyelogram is a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters with the use of an intravenous contrast medium.
What is radiographic study?By taking pictures of the body's internal structure and analyzing them for signs of disease, foreign objects, structural damage, or anomalies, it can be used to diagnose or treat patients. A radiographic procedure involves passing an x-ray beam through the body.
What is intravenous contrast medium?One kind of contrast media is intravenous contrast material, sometimes known as IV contrast in CT. These are a sizable set of chemical preparations created to help characterize pathology by enhancing an imaging modality's capacity to distinguish between various biological tissues.
What is the purpose of a radiology test?Diagnostic imaging, or radiology, is the term for a group of procedures that include taking photos or images of various bodily parts.
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what is the purpose of genetic screening
Answer:
Genetic testing plays a vital role in determining the risk of developing certain diseases as well as screening and sometimes medical treatment. Different types of genetic testing are done for different reasons: Diagnostic testing.
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suppose some hypothetical disease prevented the formation of astrocytes in the fetal brain. How would you expect this to affect brain development
The framework for nerve tissue is created by astrocytes. They create the blood-brain barrier, which separates the blood from the brain tissue and restricts the substances that can reach the neurons, safeguarding them. The neuron is fed by them. They alter blood flow to the brain to accommodate shifting nutrition and oxygen requirements. encourage the development of synapses and new neuron proliferation. They affect the way that neurons communicate. The neurotransmitters are released. Neurons create scar tissue and fill the void when they are imaged.
What are astrocytes?A subtype of glial cells in the central nervous system is called an astrocyte. Additionally called astrocytic glial cells. Their many processes surround the star-shaped synapses created by neurons. A single astrocyte cell in a human can communicate with up to 2 million synapses at once.
In addition to controlling blood flow, astrocytes also deliver mitochondria to neurons and the raw materials for neurotransmitters, which power neuronal metabolism. Furthermore, astrocytes have the capacity to phagocytose synapses, modify neurotrophin secretion, and remove debris.
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Which of the following is a possible undesirable result of embryonic stem cell research?
A. Creating new tissues for burn victims
B. Human cloning
C. Making organs available for transplantation
D. None of the choices
Human cloning might be a possible undesirable result of embryonic stem cell research (Option B).
What is human cloning?Human cloning refers to the molecular biology techniques aimed at generating genetically identical human beings.
Human cloning might involve human stem cells to generate new genetically identical human embryos and therefore it might be a subject of concern.
In conclusion, human cloning is an undesirable result of embryonic stem cell research (Option B).
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Francesco redi took twelve jars and placed meat in all of the jars. he left four open, four covered with gauze and four were completely sealed. maggots developed in the open jars but did not develop in the other eight jars. experimental design francesco redi disproved i , the belief that living cells can arise from non-living material. unfortunately, this experiment did not change the scientific minds of his day. in 1859, ii finally disproved this theory with his experiment involving s-shaped flasks.
The theory that Francesco redi sought to disprove by his experiments was the theory of spontaneous generation.
What is the theory of spontaneous generation?The theory of spontaneous generation is the theory that living-things can arise spontaneously from non-living things.
Early scientists believed this theory. The experiments by Francesco Redi sought to disprove this theory.
However, it was only the experiment by Louis Pasteur that finally helped scientists at the time to reject the theory of spontaneous generation.
In conclusion, the experiments by Franceso redi was aimed at disproving the theory of spontaneous generation.
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Under ideal conditions, a human can detect a candle flame 30 miles away on a clear night. t f
Answer:
The answer is true
Explanation:
An experimental disinfectant has a phenol coefficient of 5 against E. coli. What is the most accurate interpretation of this data
The Interpretation shows that the disinfectant is more stronger towards the E.coli in its irradiation than to the Phenol.
Disinfectants:
It is a solution used to irradiate the pathogens like- bacteria, endospores, fungi etc. It is used as a disinfection method. All the disinfectants have a small amount of phenol as it is having antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Which when used kills or inhibits the growth of the pathogens. The small concentration of the phenol in the disinfectant is known as the Phenol coefficient.
Phenol coefficient = dilution ratio of disinfectant ÷ dilution ratio of phenol
The phenol coefficient of any pathogen can be determined by phenol coefficient tests. There are two phenol coefficient tests used-
Rideal walker method and Chick Martin test.
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The diagram shows four possible
genetic arrangements of a cell that
contains two chromosomes during
metaphase.
Part A:
What is the diagram MOST LIKELY
demonstrating?
A. Mutation
B. Crossing over
C. Independent assortment
Independent assortment shows four possible genetic arrangements of a cell that contains two chromosomes during metaphase.
What is independent assortment?According to the Principle of Independent Assortment, as reproductive cells mature, various genes separately segregate from one another. Gregor Mendel made the initial discovery of an independent assortment of genes and the qualities they influence in 1865 while doing genetic research on pea plants.
The image missing in the independent assortment is attached here:
By passing one copy of each diploid pair of homologous chromosomes into each gamete independently of the other pairs, according to the laws of chance, random combinations of chromosomes and genes are formed during meiosis on various pairs of homologous chromosomes.
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To begin, morphological similarities existing among groups of species support evolution. When different organisms exhibit the same characteristics, or ____________ , they are often from the same ancestral line
To begin, morphological similarities existing among groups of species support evolution. When different organisms exhibit the same characteristics or convergent evolution, they are often from the same ancestral line.
Morphological evidence makes use of the form and structure of organisms (morphology), where homologous structures discuss the inherited frame parts that came from a common ancestor which have been modified in another way into distinct traces of descent. Thus, they are more intently related.
Morphological traits are beneficial for tracing the evolutionary relationships with a group of organisms due to the fact they can be discovered and measured in fossils in addition to in dwelling organisms.
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How would you expect the rate of meat digestion to differ in an animal whose digestive tract had less of the enzyme pepsin?
Answer:
Digestion occurs when the animal’s body gets busy breaking down the food. Two types of digestion exist in all animals: Mechanical digestion physically breaks down food into smaller and smaller pieces.
You are a prestigious scientist working in a lab whose most recent project includes the creation of a series of drugs that will hopefully cure breast cancer. Since this drug is in its early stages, you are not able to test it on humans. You test this drug on a cell culture and find that it destroys the mitochondria within the cell. Which aspect of cellular metabolism would this drug interfere with
This drug destroys the mitochondria within the cell. Hence, this drug will interfere with the citric acid cycle and electron transport system of cellular metabolism.
The Krebs cycle, also known as the TCA cycle or the citric acid cycle, is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that take place in the mitochondrial matrix and involve the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to produce carbon dioxide and the reduction of coenzymes to produce ATP for the electron transport chain.The electron transport system is made up of a group of proteins that are affixed to the inner mitochondrial membrane and organic molecules that allow electrons to pass through and release energy through a series of redox processes. The protein ATP-synthase uses the energy liberated to create a proton gradient, which is then utilized in chemiosmosis to produce a significant amount of ATP.Hence, these processes occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus the drug will interfere with the citric acid cycle and electron transport system.
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This drug destroys the mitochondria within the cell. Hence, this drug will interfere with the citric acid cycle and electron transport system of cellular metabolism.
What is the Krebs cycle?
The Krebs cycle sometimes referred to as the TCA cycle or the citric acid cycle, is a chain of enzyme-catalyzed processes that happens in the mitochondrial matrix and involves oxidizing acetyl-CoA to make carbon dioxide and reducing coenzymes to produce ATP for the electron transport chain.
The organic molecules that make up the electron transport system allow electrons to travel through and release energy through a series of redox events. These organic molecules are attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane by a set of proteins.
The energy released by the protein ATP-synthase is used to build a proton gradient, which is then used in chemiosmosis to generate a considerable amount of ATP.
As these processes take place in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the medication will interfere with the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system.
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What is the best example of Environmental Variation?
A. Blood group
B. Number of limbs
C. Jacket color
D. Organism size
What is the best example of Environmental Variation?
=A. Blood group
Answer:
D. Organism size
Explanation:
Took the test
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Explain the difference between cancerous and non-cancerous cells and how the
growth of cancerous cells would impact the healthy tissues surrounding them.
Find the missing links, respectively
Answer:
C, CO2 --> CO2
Explanation:
Plants --> Oxygen (O2) --> Animals --> Carbon-dioxide (CO2) --> Plants
Plants absorb carbon dioxide which is used in the process of photosynthesis to make food. The plants respire (breathe out/exhale) oxygen, which is taken in by animals such as humans (us), and then use it for respiring or breathing. We breathe out carbon dioxide, which is then used to continue the cycle.
This is the reason why cutting down plants and trees are harmful for the environment; it reduces the number of trees and plants that can reduce the CO2 in our atmosphere.
Modern Native Americans have very high frequencies of Type O blood. In some places in North and South America, the frequency is as high as 100%. Anthropologists believe that early Native Americans arrived in North America by crossing over the Bering Land Bridge around 15,000 years ago, from East Asia. Modern East Asian populations, with whom modern Native Americans share ancestry, do not have high frequencies of Type O blood. Instead, they have some of the lowest frequencies of Type O blood in the world. 1. What forces of evolution are at work? a. Mutation.
b. Natural Selection.
c. Genetic Drift.
d. Gene Flow.
2. Specifically, how is natural selection involved?
3. Explain how the forces of evolution shift allele frequencies in the population over time. Your answer should include all of the ‘forces’ of evolution that you identified as being employed (above). Put this information into a narrative to explain how new traits are introduced, how individuals are selected (if present), and how alleles in the population shift over time.
Option B- Natural selection.
Option D - Gene flow.
1. The forces of evolution at work are:
This can be explained as there is no mutation taking place and only the flow of genes takes place and the alleles are continuous throughout the population irrespective of time.
2. Natural selection takes place as a result of a greater survival rate of individuals having blood groups most suitable for their environment.
3. There are four forces of evolution, they are mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection.
A . Mutations are the changes taking place in a gene of the games of individuals so that those traits are passed over to the next offspring/generation produced.
B. Gene flow occurs when the Hardy-Weinberg equation is disturbed, that is when an individual move out or a new individual comes into the population. thus new genes are introduced into the population and the gene pool is disturbed.
C. Genetic drift is the small changes taking place in the gene of individuals in a small population.
D. Natural selection - the ultimate force of evolution that ensures the survival or destruction of a species. the fittest of a population survive while the weaker ones get eliminated.
Modern Native Americans have very high frequencies of Type O blood.
In some places in North and South America, the frequency is as high as 100%. Anthropologists believe that early Native Americans arrived in North America by crossing over the Bering Land Bridge around 15,000 years ago, from East Asia.
Modern East Asian populations, with whom modern Native Americans share ancestry, do not have high frequencies of Type O blood. Instead, they have some of the lowest frequencies of Type O blood in the world.
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The graph predicts the effect that each factor would have on the biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea in the next 10 years. However, if the government introduces laws prohibiting hunting, it would somewhat reduce the impact _______ would have on the biodiversity. Similarly, if laws prohibiting introduction of new plant or animal species within the country are passed, it will curb the effect ________ would have on the sea’s biodiversity.
The graph predicts the effect that each factor would have on the biodiversity of the mediterranean sea in the next 10 years. however, if the government introduces laws prohibiting hunting, it would somewhat reduce the impact (eutrophication, exploitation, pollution) would have on the biodiversity. similarly, if laws prohibiting introduction of new plant or animal species within the country are passed, it will curb the effect (exploitation, climate change, invasive species)would have on the seas biodiversity.
What is eutrophication?In an aged aquatic habitat like a lake, eutrophication is the progressive rise in the concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen, and other plant nutrients.
Because hunting is primarily done for amusement or to obtain treasures from animals such skin, horn, ivory, and venome for selling on the global market and reaping enormous profits from them, hunting would have a somewhat smaller influence on biodiversity if the government passed laws outlawing it. The introduction of a hunting ban will lessen the killing and use of animals as commodities.
The impact that invasive species would have on the waters would be reduced if regulations limiting the entrance of new plant or animal species within the nation were implemented. Living things that invade or migrate to new areas in quest of resources are known as invasive species. Native species suffer due to competition from these species, which causes a fall in native species. As a result of the fall in native marine species and potential extinction of native species, this will affect the actual biodiversity of the ocean.
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Answer: exploitation, invasive species
Explanation:
68. potential
69. biodegradable
70. primary standards
71. inversion
72. criteria pollutant
73. pesticides
74. kinetic
A. energy in action
B. common pollutants regulated by EPA
C. chemical that kills unwanted animals; generally insects
D. protect health
E. warm air is trapped near the ground by cooler air
AB. stored energy
AC. capable of being broken down naturally
The matching given the accurate description of the terms is given below:
Energy in action ---> Kinetic energycommon pollutants regulated by EPA ----> criteria pollutantchemical that kills unwanted animals; generally insects ---> pesticidesprotect health --> primary standardswarm air is trapped near the ground by cooler air ---> inversionstored energy ---> potential energycapable of being broken down naturally ----> biodegradableWhat is the correct matching of the given terms?The given terms are to be matched to the correct descriptions.
The correct matches are given below:
Energy in action ---> Kinetic energycommon pollutants regulated by EPA ----> criteria pollutantchemical that kills unwanted animals; generally insects ---> pesticidesprotect health --> primary standardswarm air is trapped near the ground by cooler air ---> temperature inversionstored energy ---> potential energycapable of being broken down naturally ----> biodegradableIn conclusion, the correct matches gives the accurate description of the given terms.
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What makes water cold
Answer:
The temperature of the water approaches the temperature of it's surroundings as heat is transferred from the warmer object (either the air or the water) to the colder.
Explanation:
Answer:
so when whater is not in the heat waves the whater will turn cold
Complete the sentence: Due to _________, some people need to limit their exposure to pollen because it aggravates their respiratory systems.
Some people must restrict their pollen interaction owing to hereditary causes since it irritates their respiratory mechanism.
What is Pollen allergy?Pollen is amongst the most prevalent periodic allergy triggers. Pollen allergy is commonly referred to as "hay fever" by several individuals. Pollen allergy is commonly referred to as "seasonal allergic rhinitis" by specialists.AllergyAllergy symptoms can affect the lungs by causing asthma, allergic bronchitis, as well as other lung issues. Pollen is produced by plants throughout the spring, summer, and early fall. Pollen inhalation might induce allergic responses that harm the lungs.Learn more about universal donors here:
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Which group of plant-like protists would have organisms that are multicellular?
Answer:
Algae
Explanation:
In some eukaryotic cells, cilia and flagella are motile cellular appendages that aid the cell in __________.
On island X, he saw both species of finches. On island Y, he only saw the finch on the right. Based on these observations, what is the most likely conclusion Darwin would have made?
Darwin's most likely conclusion would have been that different types of finches had beaks of different sizes and shapes, adapted to different types of food in the different ecological niches they occupied on the Galapagos Islands.
Why did Darwin use finches to explain the theory of evolution?Because they have a greater chance of surviving and therefore reproducing, their particular genetic characteristics tend to be passed on to subsequent generations.
With this information, we can conclude that the Galápagos finches are probably one of the most well-known examples of evolution and will forever be tightly linked to Charles Darwin's
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Answer:
answer
Explanation:
it would make sense to have both birds on one island that contains a variety of food but on island y they would only have big beaks which means the bird has to eat nuts and big food
how does nephron help in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance
(d) Other than the shape and presence of haemoglobin, state one more adaptation of a normal red blood cell. Explain how the adaptation helps the red blood cell to perform its function. ( d ) Other than the shape and presence of haemoglobin , state one more adaptation of a normal red blood cell . Explain how the adaptation helps the red blood cell to perform its function .
The adaptations of the red blood cells for this function include:
have thin membranes which enables easy diffusionsmall and flexible structure enabling them to travel through capillaries.What are some adaptations of red blood cells help it transport oxygen in oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer?Red blood cells are primarily responsible for delivering oxygen to cells and tissues as well as the removal pf carbon dioxide as waste from the tissues and cells.
The adaptations of the red blood cells for this function include:
possess thin membranes which enables easy diffusionthey are small and flexible enabling them to travel through capillaries.Therefore, red blood cells possess adaptation which enables them to transport gases efficiently to and from the tissues.
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The following diagram shows the branching tree for four kingdoms and some of their shared derived characteristics.
(Common Cell)
Protists
Plants
Fungi
Animals
What shared characteristic can be written at point X? Use complete sentences to explain your answer.
Nuclear membrane, cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane are present at point X.
What shared characteristic can be written at point X?The shared characteristic can be written at point X are presence of nuclear membrane, cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane because these substances or materials are present in every cell.
So we can conclude that nuclear membrane, cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane are present at point X.
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