In order to study viruses in the environment, scientists isolate nucleic acids from an environmental sample, sequence them, and use computers to assemble genomes and compare them to known sequences in databases. This approach is known as Metagenomics.
The study of whole nucleotide sequences that have been extracted and examined from all of the organisms (usually bacteria) in a bulk sample is known as metagenomics. Metagenomics is frequently used to investigate a particular population of microbes, such as those found in soil, water, or on human skin.The study of viral genetic material that is derived directly from the environment rather than from a host or natural reservoir is known as viral metagenomics. In research focusing on certain potential reservoirs, viral diversity in the environment is frequently overlooked. Without the need to isolate and grow viral species in the lab, it provides crucial information on virus evolution and the genetic diversity of the viral population.
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I'm struggling to understand how to fill out this table could somebody explain how to do it in this example so I can do it In the future
The table indicates the sequential order of codons in an mRNA sequence, which will be used to add the corresponding amino acids during protein translation.
What is a messenger RNA?A messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single strand sequence of RNA derived from the transcription of a DNA gene sequence.
The linear order of triplets of nucleotides or codons in the mRNA molecules will be used during translation to encode a polypeptide.
For example, the codon AUG (Adenine-Uracil-Guanine) is a start codon of the protein and it is used to add methionine.
In conclusion, the table indicates codons in mRNA used during protein translation.
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_____ cells are usually larger than ____ cells
Answer:
prokaryotic Cells eukaryotic cellsExplanation:
mark as brainlest answer
D
Question 3
My cell has many chromosomes, but only certain genes activated. My activated genes allow me to
produce mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cell wall. I also have the gene for root hair production, but
it is not turned on. Who Am I?
Muscle Cell
O Leaf Cell
Nerve Cell
10 pts
Plant Root Cell
As the cell contains activated genes for the production of mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cell wall and inactive genes for root hair production, then it is a leaf cell.
Leaf cells are different from other parts of the plant as they carry out photosynthesis for the preparation of food for plants. The chloroplasts present in leaves contain chlorophyll that helps in photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight using water and carbon dioxide. In this process, oxygen is released. Leaf cells contain many active and inactive genes. Leaf cells contain active genes for the formation of mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cell wall. Root cells contain the active genes for the formation of root hairs. But, chloroplasts are absent in root hairs as they do not have any role in photosynthesis. Roots are present inside the soil.Thus, the leaf cell is the correct option as plant cells contain a cell wall and the leaf helps in the photosynthesis process.
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The most prominent organelle that contains genetic material and is visible in most eukaryotic cells is the
The most prominent organelle that contains genetic material and is visible in most eukaryotic cells is the Nucleus.
What is Nucleus?The nucleus is a double membraned organelle found in all eukaryotic cells.It is the largest organelle, which functions as the control center of cellular activities and is the storehouse of the cell's DNA.The nucleus is dark, round, and surrounded by a nuclear membrane.Within the nucleus, there are tiny spherical bodies called the nucleolus. It also carries an essential structure called chromosomes.So the nucleus is the organelle that is visible and present in all eukaryotic cells.To learn more about Nucleus,
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What type of stress occurs when a rock mass is pushed in parallel and opposite directions?
Answer:
Shear stress
Explanation:
Shear stress is a type of stress that occurs when a rock mass is pushed in parallel and opposite directions.
Review the data you collected in the Lab Report for Discussion concerning the distance traveled by individuals categorized by short or long legs. Which trait may have the greatest chance of being passed down to future generations of lizards—short legs or long legs? Using the discussion board, share your data and your conclusions with your classmates. Respond to your classmates’ conclusions.
The data about leg size in the parental generation is NOT found here, but it is expected that it is a quantitative trait.
What are quantitative traits?Quantitative traits are phenotypic features associated with the inheritance of many genes, the infection among them and the environment.
Leg size, height, and weight are quantitative traits because there are many genes involved in their expression patterns.
Both quantitative and qualitative (monogenic) traits are selected in the natural populations via natural selection.
In conclusion, it is expected that leg size is a quantitative trait.
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HIV Treatment by Genetic Mutation risks
HIV can be treated via gene therapy by inducing mutations that restore the normal genome sequence.
What is gene therapy?Gene therapy is a revolutionary technique used in molecular biology to restore the expression of defective genes that suffered mutations.
Gene therapy involves modifying the nucleotide (DNA) sequence in order to correct the production of defective proteins associated with disease states.
Moreover, mutations due to HIV are a consequence of the insertion of this retrovirus in the host genome.
In conclusion, gene therapy is able to treat HIV by inserting gene regions that restore the normal nucleotide sequence.
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Homologous chromosomes have genes that are located at the same location of the partner chromosomes. Group of answer choices True False
Answer:True
Explanation:
All of these choices are correct. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
Homologous chromosomes are pairs from each parent. They have the same genes at the same loci on each chromosome, yet they may have distinct alleles. Meiosis, which creates gametes (sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction, requires these homologous couples.
Crossover of homologous chromosomes during meiosis creates genetic variation in children. Homologous chromosomes guarantee that kids acquire genetic material from both parents, promoting genetic variety and evolution. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
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Your question is incomplete but your full question was:
Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is true?
They are matching chromosomes.
They have the same genes located at the same location.
One of each pair comes from each parent.
All of these choices are correct.
A layer of water that covers swamps, bogs, marshes, and other communities is called
Group of answer choices
Lakes
Oceans
Wetlands
None of the choices
Answer:
Wetlands cover swamps, bogs and Marshes.
When it comes to genetic probabilities,
the outcome of one event has what kind
of effect on the next event?
A. It causes the same outcome to occur.
B. It has no effect on the next outcome.
C. It decreases the likelihood of the same outcome.
Answer: The answer is B is not A
Explanation:
____________________ kidney disease is a disorder in which fluid-filled cysts grow on the kidney and replace much of the mass of the kidney.
Polycystic kidney disease is a disorder in which fluid-filled cysts grow on the kidney and replace much of the mass of the kidney.
Polycystic kidney disease, often known as PKD, is a genetic condition in which clusters of cysts grow mostly within the kidneys. This causes the kidneys to expand and eventually lose their ability to function. Cysts are noncancerous sacs that are spherical and filled with fluid. The cysts range in size. Having a lot of cysts or having cysts that are very large can be harmful to your kidneys.
In addition to causing cysts to form in the kidneys, polycystic liver disease can also cause cysts to form in other organs of the body. Serious problems, such as kidney failure and high blood pressure, can be brought on by the disease.
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Blood transfusions are an example of a tissue transplant. All transplants (tissue and organs) must be cross-matched so the recipient's immune system will not attack the donated organ; rejection is the main problem in organ transplants. What happens at a cellular level during organ rejection
Answer:
..
Explanation:
What substance, produced by virus-infected cells, diffuses to neighboring cells to help them fight a viral infection
The body releases glycoproteins as the defensive response to virus are called interferons.
The interferons initiate the series of molecular changes and elicit the immune cells to fight the pathogens or foreign particles. These interferons affect the growth of cells and inflammation. Interferons are the cytokines and are responsible for intercellular signaling. The interferons does not directly affect the multiplication of virus instead, it does not let other cells allow virus to use its machinery and replicate. Interferons are of three types: alpha, beta and gamma. The gamma interferon is majorly responsible for the immune response.
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Acid rain is caused by which of the following?
A. nitrogen compounds in the air
B. excess carbon dioxide
C. deforestation
E. nitrogen compounds in the soil
Answer:
A. nitrogen compounds in the air
Explanation:
The hormone secretin is released by endocrine cells in the duodenal mucosa in response to A. gastrin secreted by the pyloric gland area of the stomach B. none of these C. acid in the duodenum D. distention of the stomach E. carbohydrate in the duodenum
In response to c. acid in duodenum, the hormone secretin is released by endocrine cells in the duodenal mucosa.
What releases secretin in the duodenum?Secretin is a polypeptide that contains 27 amino acids. In response to H+ and fatty acids in the lumen, S cells in the duodenum produce secretin. Particularly, a pH of less than 4.5 indicates the entry of stomach contents, which starts the secretin release.
Secretin, a digestive hormone that controls gastric acid secretion and pH levels in the duodenum, is released by the wall of the upper portion of the small intestine (the duodenum).
A pancreatic fluid that is high in bicarbonate is secreted when secretin is present (45). By interacting with pancreatic ductal cells, secretin enters the bloodstream or intestinal lumen and increases the production of bicarbonate, which lowers the pH of the gastric chyme as it enters the small intestine.
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why is grafting preferred on late April and early may?
Answer:
Grafting is a technique used to join two pieces of plant material together so that they will grow as one plant. This is often done with fruit trees, where a desired variety of tree is grafted onto the rootstock of a more common variety of tree.
Grafting is typically done in late April or early May because this is when the bark of the trees is slipping, which makes it easier to join the two pieces of plant material together.
Explanation:
Most grafting is done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. The best time is after the chance of severe cold has passed but well before hot weather arrives. Scion wood may be collected during the winter. Store it in a cold, moist place at temperatures close to 34 degrees Fahrenheit.
How does variation contribute to evolution?
A. Variation causes changes in the DNA, some of which are passed on, changing the species slightly each generation.
B. Variation changes an organism over time, allowing them to evolve slowly as they grow.
C. Variation does not contribute to evolution.
D. Variation produces a great variety of advantages for natural selection to select, through the process of Mitosis.
abc or d with a simple explanation
pls be sure of your answer
Variations contributes to evolution through : ( D ) Variation produces a great variety of advantages for natural selection to select, through the process of Mitosis
Effect of genetic variationsGene variants affect evolution, evolution is the process by which population changes over generations and these changes are caused by genetic variations which produces a great variety of advantages for natural selection to select through the process of mitosis. Gene alteration introduces different traits in organisms which are advantageous.
Hence we can conclude that Variations contributes to evolution through Variation produces a great variety of advantages for natural selection to select, through the process of Mitosis
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Which of the following choices is NOT a function of blood. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a thermoregulation b transport oxygen and carbon dioxide oxygen c provide immunity d All are functions of blood.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
The blood does all of these functions
Site-specific recombination systems _________. Multiple Choice do not depend on extensive nucleotide sequence homology depend on enzymes that are often specific for sequences within the host are features of some viruses All of the choices are correct.
Site-specific recombination systems all of the choices are correct i.e.
A. do not depend on extensive nucleotide sequence homology.
B. depend on enzymes that are often specific for sequences within the host.
C. are features of some viruses.
An exchange between two specified sequences (target sites), either on the same DNA molecule or on two separate DNA molecules, is known as site-specific recombination. DNA sequences may be integrated, excised, or inverted as a result of the exchange. A site-specific recombinase that can work by itself or with the aid of additional components or enzymes shapes the DNA target during recombination. The recombinase is chemically bonded to the ends of the intermediate DNA after DNA breakage at the recombination site; when this process is reversed, the intermediate DNA is resealed to form the recombinant and the recombinase is released. During this recombination process, neither replication nor repair are necessary.learn more about Site-specific recombination here: https://brainly.com/question/11458760
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Which phylum of protozoa contains organisms that are non-motile, obligate intracellular parasites?.
Answer:
Apicomplexa
Explanation:
Although most solutes that enter or exit the cell are relatively small (inorganic ions, sugars, or amino acids), occasionally the movement of larger molecules into or out of the cell is required. For example, certain cells secrete proteins, such as pancreatic cells that secrete insulin. Other cells take up food particles or even entire cells, such as lymphocytes in your immune system. Transport of such large materials into and out of the cytosol cannot be accomplished by transport proteins in the plasma membrane. The transport of large molecules is accomplished by bulk transport via exocytosis and endocytosis. Like other forms of active transport, bulk transport requires an input of energy. Before beginning this tutorial, watch the segment of the Membrane Transport animation on exocytosis and endocytosis. Observe the role that vesicles play in transport of materials into and out of the cell. Part A - Exocytosis and endocytosis Sort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on whether they describe exocytosis, endocytosis, or both.
Your question is incomplete. please read below to find the full content.
a. --> ENDOCYTOSIS
b. -->EXOCYTOSIS
c.--> ENDOCYTOSIS.
d. --> BOTH
e. --> EXOCYTOSIS
f. --> BOTH
g. --> EXOCYTOSIS
To answer the question, first, we need to know the meaning of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Endocytosis and exocytosis process refers to molecules transport mediated by vesicles. It occurs from and into the cell and needs energy to happen because it is active transport.
Cells can export many substances in vesicles or vacuoles that originate in specific organelles like, for instance, the Golgi complex. Organelles form new vesicles or vacuoles with substances destined for exportation and send them forward to the membrane. When they get there, they fuse to the cell membrane, releasing all their content to the extracellular space. When fussing, the vesicle membrane increases the size of the cellular membrane. This process is exocytosis, and its direction is always from the inside of the cell to the outside.
But there is also another vesicle-mediated transport that occurs from the exterior to the cell interior, the endocytosis process. It happens when the cell imports material from the extracellular space through the invagination of the membrane, producing a new vesicle that surrounds the incoming material. The invagination ends in strangulation of the membrane, releasing the new vesicle in the cytoplasm. This process decreases the size of the cellular membrane because it uses part of it to engulf the material.
Now that we know these concepts, we can sort the phrases into the appropriate bins.
a. decreases the surface area of the plasma membrane. ENDOCYTOSIS, because the new vesicles are formed using the cell membrane.
b. requires fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. EXOCYTOSIS, because the vesicle needs to fuse to the cell membrane to release the carrying material.
c. forms vesicles from inward folding of the plasma membrane. ENDOCYTOSIS. Refers to the invagination process of the cell membrane. It only occurs during endocytosis
d. transported substances never physically cross the plasma membrane. BOTH. Substances are too big or too many to be physically transported through the cell membrane
e. increases the surface area of the plasma membrane. EXOCYTOSIS. Occurs when the vesicle fuses the cell membrane to release the content to the exterior.
f. requires cellular energy. BOTH of them, because they are active transport.
g. secretes large molecules out of the cell. EXOCYTOSIS. The direction is from the interior of the cell to the exterior. These are exportation molecules.
Although most solutes that enter or exit the cell are relatively small (inorganic ions, sugars, or amino acids), occasionally the movement of larger molecules into or out of the cell is required. For example, certain cells secrete proteins, such as pancreatic cells that secrete insulin. Other cells take up food particles or even entire cells, such as lymphocytes in your immune system. Transport of such large materials into and out of the cytosol cannot be accomplished by transporting proteins in the plasma membrane. The transport of large molecules is accomplished by bulk transport via exocytosis and endocytosis. Like other forms of active transport, bulk transport requires an input of energy. Before beginning this tutorial, watch the segment of the Membrane Transport animation on exocytosis and endocytosis. Observe the role that vesicles play in the transport of materials into and out of the cell.
Part A
Sort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on whether they describe exocytosis, endocytosis, or both.
a. decreases the surface area of the plasma membrane
b. requires fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
c. forms vesicles from inward folding of the plasma membrane
d. transported substances never physically cross the plasma membrane
e. increases the surface area of the plasma membrane
f. requires cellular energy
g. secretes large molecules out of the cell
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If you were told that you would get extra credit for finding a model showing chromsomes separating while sister chromatids were still attached, you would look for a model of
Answer:
anaphase
Explanation:
Mitosis or meiosis with cohesion proteins still holding sister chromatids together during anaphase.
If I were given additional credit for discovering a model of chromosomes splitting when sister chromatids were still linked, I would seek for a mitotic model in early anaphase. Sister chromatids, duplicated chromosomes, separate and move to opposing cell poles in anaphase, the third stage of mitosis.
Early anaphase sister chromatids are still joined at the centromere region, giving the impression of being attached while separating. This model shows how chromosomal segregation ensures precise genetic material distribution to daughter cells during cell division. Maintaining cell genetic integrity requires this phase.
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What microscopy tool would be most useful in observing the structure of a virus?.
What type of connective tissue cells are similar to basophils in that they contain granules that release histamine to mediate the inflammatory response
Mast cells are similar to basophils in that they contain granules that release histamine to mediate the inflammatory response.
The basophil, another type of white blood cell, and the mast cell are remarkably similar in both look and function. Although tissue-resident basophils were long assumed to be mast cells, it has been established that the two cells do not share the same hematopoietic ancestry.Mast cells and basophil granulocytes, a type of white blood cell found in blood, are highly similar. They are both granular cells that contain the anticoagulant heparin as well as histamine. The mast cell nucleus is spherical, whereas the basophil nucleus is lobated, indicating a difference between their nuclei.Histamine and other vasoactive chemicals are released by mast cells, resulting in urticaria (hives).learn more about Mast cells here: https://brainly.com/question/12765051
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Match the following.
(i) Rosetta (a) 64 amino acids
(ii) Marshall Nirenberg (b) Hieroglyph
(iii) Codon table (c) Amino acid phenylalanine
(iv) Codon UUU (d) Synthesized artificial RNA molecule
A. (i) - b, (ii) - d, (iii) - a, (iv) - c
B. (i) - b, (ii) - a, (iii) - c, (iv) - d
C. (i) - a, (ii) - b, (iii) - c, (iv) - d
D. (i) - c, (ii) - d, (iii) - a, (iv) - b
Rosetta is associated with hieroglyph, Marshall Nirenberg is associated with a synthesized artificial RNA molecule, the Codon table is associated with 64 amino acids, and the Codon UUU is associated with the amino acid phenylalanine. The correct option is A.
The name Rosetta is linked to hieroglyphs because of the Rosetta Stone, a well-known artefact that contains writing in Greek, Demotic, and Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Because of his groundbreaking work utilising synthetic RNA to interpret the genetic code and decipher the first codon, Marshall Nirenberg is linked to a synthesised artificial RNA molecule.
The 64 amino acids that make up the codon table represent the various three-letter codon combinations that are used in the genetic code to code for various amino acids.
Because the codon UUU determines the inclusion of phenylalanine during protein synthesis, it is connected to the amino acid phenylalanine.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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The seemingly crazy word _______________ is the actual name for scientists who study the behaviors and habitats and other factors that influence the reproduction and well-being of sea (water) creatures.
The seemingly crazy word Environmental marine biologist is the actual name for scientists who study the behaviors and habitats and other factors that influence the reproduction and well-being of sea (water) creatures.
What Is a Marine Biologist?
Marine biologists research marine organisms and occasionally the oceans themselves. They may look into the physiological processes, illnesses, and environmental factors affecting marine creatures, as well as their behavior. They could evaluate how human actions affect marine life. Numerous marine biologists also have positions as zoologists, fish and wildlife biologists, fisheries biologists, aquatic biologists, conservation biologists, and biological technicians.They could evaluate how human actions affect marine life.
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sentence supports the statement that complex, multicellular organisms are made up of specialized cells that each perform different functions for the body?
Answer:
Human liver cells make proteins that promote homeostasis that neurons do not
Explanation:
Answer:
bro am so so so lost i need help
Peter and rosemary grant began studying the galapagos finches in 1973. For about 40 years, they studied the finches on daphne major. Why was this an ideal place to study the evolution of the finches?.
Peter and rosemary discovered a natural ecosystem with an extreme climate, oscillating between cycles of intense drought and abundant rainfall, as well as an uncontaminated area that had never been explored by humans. This was an excellent location to study the evolution of Galapagos finches.
For their outstanding long-term studies showing evolution in action in Galápagos finches, Peter and Rosemary Grant are renowned.They have shown that natural selection is responsible for the incredibly quick changes in body and beak size in response to variations in the availability of food.Due to the lack of predators or rivals for the finches, Daphne Major makes an excellent location for research. (The cactus finch is the only other finch on the island.) The weather, and consequently the availability of food, has a significant impact on the medium ground finch's capacity to survive.learn more about Galápagos finches here: https://brainly.com/question/960688
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Assertion: Gene mutation is the basis of evolutionary genetic change.
Reasoning: Mutations prevent the proper functioning of a gene.
Which of the following is true for the above statements?
A. Both (A ) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of A.
B. Both (A ) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of A.
C. A is false and (R) is true.
D. A is true and (R) is false.
In conclusion, Both 'mutation is the basis of evolutionary genetic change' and 'mutations prevent the proper functioning of a gene' are True, but R is not the correct explanation of A (Option A).
What are genetic mutations?Genetic mutations are any type of modification in the genetic material (DNA sequence) of an organism.
Mutations provide the raw material for evolution, but mutation can be beneficial, deleterious, or neutral depending on the environment.
In conclusion, both statements are True, but R is not the correct explanation of A (Option A).
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What is the primary source of energy in a food chain?
oxygen
sun
carbon dioxide
water
Answer:
The sun is the primary source of energy in a food chain.
Explanation:
By having sun light shining directly onto plants, it causes the plants to produce chemical energy that is able to sustain all their cellular functions.
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