In forming a molecular compound, each atom should have valence electrons around it unless there is some specific reasons why this cannot be achieved.
What is Valence Electrons ?Valence electrons is a negatively charged particle present in the outermost shell of an atom.
Example: Oxygen has 6 valence electrons in its outermost shell, Water has 8 valence electrons.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that In forming a molecular compound, each atom should have valence electrons around it unless there is some specific reasons why this cannot be achieved.
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When a substance is dissolved in water, the properties of the solution will be different from those of the water?
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
boiling point, freezing point, ph , density are just a few that would change
Sixty-three grams of copper reacted with 32 grams of sulfur. this chemical reaction produced the compound copper sulfide. what was the mass of this compound?
The mass of, [tex]Cu_2S[/tex], compound formed is 77.9g
62 grams of copper reacted with 32grams of sulfur to form copper sulfide.
[tex]Cu + S_2 \rightarrow CuS_2[/tex]
stoichiometry of Cu to S is 2:1
We need to find the limiting reactant
Molar mass of copper = 63.5 g/mol
Molar mass of Sulfur = 32 g/mol
Number of moles of Copper = [tex]\dfrac{mass} {molar mass } = 0.99mole[/tex]
Number of moles of Sulfur = [tex]\dfrac{mass} {molar mass} = \dfrac{32g} {32g/mol} = 1 mole[/tex]
Since copper have lesser number of moles, therefore the limiting reagent is copper so the amount of product formed depends on amount of Cu present
stoichiometry of Copper to [tex]Cu_2S[/tex] is 2:1
0.99 mol of Copper forms = [tex]\dfrac{0.99} {2}[/tex] = 0.49 mol of [tex]Cu_2S[/tex]
Mass of [tex]Cu_2S[/tex] produced = Number of moles [tex]\times[/tex] Molar mass
Mass of [tex]Cu_2S[/tex] produced = 0.49 mol [tex]\times[/tex] 159 g/mol = 77.9g
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What volume (in liters, at 703 k and 2.04 atm) of chlorine gas is required to react with 3.39 g of p?
The volume of chlorine required is 7.71 L.
The reaction between phosphorus and chlorine is:
2P + 5Cl₂→ 5PCl₅
Therefore, 2 moles of P requires 5 moles of chlorine to react with it.
Given mass of P =3.39 g
Molar mass of P=30.97 g/mol
No. of moles of P = given mass/ molar mass = 3.39 / 30.97 = 0.109 moles
2 moles of P requires 5 moles of chlorine
0.109 moles of P will require 0.109 x 5/2 = 0.2725 moles of chlorine
According to ideal gas equation
PV=nRT
2.04 x V = 0.2725 x 0.0821 x 703
V = 0.2725 x 0.0821 x 703 / 2.04
V = 7.71L
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One of the nuclides in spent nuclear fuel is U-235 , an alpha emitter with a half-life of 703 million years. How long will it take for an amount of U-235 to reach 29.0% of its initial amount
It will take 1.254 billion years to reach 29% of the original amount of U-235.
First-order Radioactive Decay:The rate constant can be calculated from the half-life. The relationship of the two is shown below:
[tex]t_{0.5} =\frac{In 2}{k}[/tex]
[tex]k=\frac{In 2}{703}[/tex]
[tex]= 9.86[/tex] × [tex]10 ^-^{4} my^{-1}[/tex]
The first-order integrated rate law of a nuclide undergoing radioactive decay is;
ln[A]_t = -kt + ln[A]_0.
[tex]ln 0.29 = ln1 - 9.86[/tex] × [tex]10^-^4[/tex] [tex]t[/tex]
[tex]ln0.29= -9.86[/tex] × [tex]10^-^4[/tex]
[tex]t=[/tex] [tex]1254.5 my[/tex]
It will take 1.254 billion years to reach to 29% of the original amount.
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Calculate the pH of 720. mL of a 0.425-M solution of hydrocyanic acid before and after the addition of 0.249 mol of sodium cyanide.
The pH of hydrocyanic acid before and after the addition of sodium cyanide is 0.371 and 9.121
Calculation of pH of 720:
Given: Concentration of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) = 0.425 M
To find: pH
Reaction:
[tex]HCN \,\,\,\,\,\rightarrow \,\,\,\,\,\,H^+ + CN^-[/tex]
0.425M 0.425M
[tex]pH= -[logH^+]\\pH=-[log\,0.425]\\pH= 0.371[/tex]
pH after adding 0.249 mol of sodium cyanide (NaCN)
Pka of HCN= 9.21
Concentration of sodium cyanide = [tex]\frac{0.249}{0.720}\,M[/tex]
Concentration of NaCN= 0.346 M
According to Henderson–Hasselbalch equation:
[tex]pH= p_k_a + log\frac{salt}{acid}[/tex]
Putting the values in the above equation,
[tex]pH= 9.21 + log\frac{0.346}{0.425} \\\\pH= 9.21 - 0.089\\pH= 9.121[/tex]
Note: Pka value of HCN is assumed as 9.21
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PLEASE HELP!! What is the pH of a solution with a [H3O+] concentration of 3.4 x 10-11 M? Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
[tex]\\ \tt\leadsto pH=-log[H^+][/texM
[tex]\\ \tt\leadsto pH=-log[3.4\times 10^{-11}][/tex]
[tex]\\ \tt\leadsto pH=-log3.4-log10^{-11}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \tt\leadsto pH=-0.53+11[/tex]
[tex]\\ \tt\leadsto pH=10.47[/tex]
Basic
Considering the definition of pH, the pH of the solution is 10.47 and since it is higher than 7, it is a basic substance.
Definition of pHpH is the Hydrogen Potential. It is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.
Mathematically, pH is calculated as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions:
pH= - log [H⁺]= - log [H₃O⁺]
Numerical scale of pHThe numerical scale that measures the pH of substances includes the numbers from 0 to 14. The pH value 7 corresponds to neutral substances. Acidic substances are those with a pH lower than 7, while basic substances have a pH higher than 7.
pH in this caseIn this case, you know [H₃O⁺]= 3.4×10⁻¹¹ M.
Replacing in the definition of pH:
pH= -log (3.4×10⁻¹¹ M)
Solving:
pH= 10.47
Finally, the pH of the solution is 10.47 and since it is higher than 7, it is a basic substance.
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To which group does copper belong?
a. Metalloid
b. Alkaline earth metal
c. Alkali metal
d. Transition metal
Answer:
d. Transition metal
Explanation:
Copper is in transition metal block in periodic table.
Answer:
Copper belongs to the d. transition metal group.
Explanation:
Copper's d-shell is partially filled making it a transition metal. Copper is one of the few transition metals that has a set charge. Copper's charge is +2.
When referring to the periodic table, copper is in the middle section of the table which is the transition metals. It is between the metals and the non-metals.
A pressure cooker is a covered pot sealed everywhere except for a small circular opening at the top. A small weight placed over this opening determines the pressure at which steam is released from the pot. Suppose that the radius of the opening is 0.450 mm and the weight is 0.848 N. Find the maximum pressure inside the pot.
Answer:
1.02 N/mm2
Explanation:
We can see that the pressure is applied on the small weight that covers the opening.
The area of the circular opening is π(0.512 mm)
= 0.824 mm2
Pressure = Pressure = Force / Area
= (0.847 N) / (0.824 mm2)
= 1.02 N/mm2
Calculate the mole fraction of each component in a solution of 42 g CH3OH, 35 g of chloroform CHCl3, and 50 g C3H7OH
Considering the definition of mole fraction, the mole fraction of each component in the solution is:
CH₃OH: 0.54 CHCl₃: 0.118C₃H₇OH: 0.342Mole fractionThe molar fraction is a way of measuring the concentration that expresses the proportion in which a substance is found with respect to the total moles of the solution.
Mole fraction of each component
In this case, in first place you should know that the molar mass of each component is:
CH₃OH: 32 [tex]\frac{g}{mole}[/tex] CHCl₃: 121.35 [tex]\frac{g}{mole}[/tex]C₃H₇OH: 60 [tex]\frac{g}{mole}[/tex]Now, the number of moles of each compound can be calculated as:
CH₃OH: [tex]\frac{42 g}{32\frac{g}{mole}}[/tex]= 1.3125 molesCHCl₃: [tex]\frac{35 g}{121.35\frac{g}{mole}}[/tex]= 0.2884 molesC₃H₇OH: [tex]\frac{50 g}{60\frac{g}{mole}}[/tex]= 0.8333 molesSo, the total moles of the solution can be calculated as:
Total moles = 1.3125 moles + 0.2884 moles + 0.8333 moles
Total moles = 2.4342 moles
Finally, the more fraction of each component can be calculated as follow:
CH₃OH: [tex]\frac{1.3125 moles}{2.4342 moles}[/tex]= 0.54 CHCl₃: [tex]\frac{0.2884 moles}{2.4342 moles}[/tex]= 0.118C₃H₇OH: [tex]\frac{0.8333 moles}{2.4342 moles}[/tex]= 0.342In summary, the mole fraction of each component in the solution is:
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Commercial products commonly report concentration in terms of "percentage." Using this
technique, a 1% solution is considered to have 1 gram of solute for 100 milliliters of solution, and a
2% solution is considered to have 2 grams of solute for 100 milliliters of solution, and so on.
Clorox bleach claims to be 6.00% NaCIO. What is the molarity of NaCIO in Clorox bleach? Do not
type units into your answer.
The answer to the question is 0.8055 as the answer should not include units in it.
Molarity (M) = n/v
n = moles of solute
v = liters of solution
According to question
1% solution → 1 gram of solute for 100 milliliters of solution
2% solution → 2 grams of solute for 100 milliliters of solution
6% NaClO solution → 6 grams of NaClO (solute) for 100 milliliters of solution
Molar mass of NaClO = (22.98 + 35.5 + 16)g/mol = 74.48 g/mol
Atomic mass of Na = 22.98 g/mol
Atomic mass of Cl = 35.5 g/mol
Atomic mass of O = 16 g/mol
1 mol NaClO = 74.48 grams NaClO
74.48 grams NaClO = 1 mol NaClO
6 grams NaClO = (1×6) / 74.48 mole = 0.08055 mole
As unit molarity is mole / liter
So 100 milliliters = 0.1 liters
1 liter = 1000 milliliters
100 milliliters = 100/1000 liters = 0.1 liters
Molarity of NaClO = moles of solute (NaClO) / liters of solution or volume of solution
Molarity of NaClO = 0.08055 / 0.1 mole/L = 0.8055 mole/L
As in question it is mentioned that 'Do not type units into your answer'
So, Molarity of NaClO in clorox bleach = 0.8055
Thus we find out the value of molarity of NaClO in Clorox bleach which came out to be 0.8055 as we dont have to give the answer with units.
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The reaction catalyzed by succinyl-CoA synthetase temporarily transfers a phosphoryl group to a His residue in the enzyme's active site. What stabilizes the phosphoenzyme intermediate
Answer:
In the dephosphorylated structure, the enzyme is stabilized via coordination of a phosphate ion by the active-site histidine residue and the two ...
A hot metal plate at 150°C has been placed in air at room temperature. Which event would most likely take place over the next few minutes? Molecules in both the metal and the surrounding air will start moving at lower speeds. Molecules in both the metal and the surrounding air will start moving at higher speeds. The air molecules that are surrounding the metal will slow down, and the molecules in the metal will speed up. The air molecules that are surrounding the metal will speed up, and the molecules in the metal will slow down.
Answer:
The air molecules that are surrounding the metal will speed up, and the molecules in the metal will slow down.
Explanation:
As molecules heat they begin to move faster. The heat from the metal plate will make the molecules at room temperature move faster. And the room temperature makes the hot place cool, making the hot plate molecules slow down.
To visualize this, you can use this link
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/gas-properties
click the play button to activate the activity
Acetic acid (which is commonly known as vinegar) has a ph of 4.8. what is the hydronium ion (h3o ) concentration of the acetic acid?
Concentration of Hydronium ions in the Acetic acid is [tex]1.58\times10^{-5}[/tex]
Calculation of concentration of acid:
pH of a solution is defined by the concentration of Hydronium ions in the solution.
Also, pH is defined as the negative of logarithm of [tex]log[H^+][/tex]
[tex]pH= -log[H^+][/tex]
pH of Acetic acid= 4.8
Therefore,
[tex]4.8= -log[H^+][/tex]
Taking antilog, we get
[tex][H^+] = 0.0000158M= 1.58\times10^{-5}M[/tex]
The Hydronium concentration of the acetic acid is [tex]1.58\times 10^{-5}[/tex]M.
As Acetic acid is a weak acid which means that ionization of acid is not complete, ie. 100%
That is why the concentration of Hydronium ions are less in the solution.
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another one. i’m still stuck on these problems pls help lol
Answer:
Not so sure. Hope it helps...
You wish to make a 0.375 M hydroiodic acid solution from a stock solution of 6.00 M hydroiodic acid. How much concentrated acid must you add to obtain a total volume of 175 mL of the dilute solution
We need to add 2.09 mL of concentrated acid to obtain 75 mL of 0.335 M HBr solution.
You are performing a dilution of HBr going from a concentration of 12M to 0.335M, and you want to end up with a final volume of 75 ml of the dilute solution.
Consider the dilution formula: M1V1 = M2V2.
The basis behind this formula is that the number of moles of the acid before and after the dilution must remain constant.
M1 = the molarity of the stock solution,
M2 = the molarity of the diluted solution,
V2 = the final volume of the diluted solution.
In this case, we need to determine V1, which is the volume of the stock solution used to prepare the diluted sample. With this knowledge, we can plug our numbers into the equation and we obtain the following:
(12 mol/L)*V1 = (0.335mol/L)*(0.075L).
Keeping in mind that molarity is the moles of a substance in one liter of solution, we will use mol/L instead of M. By doing this, we are reminded that in order to use this equation, we must convert 75 mL into units of liters.
After rearranging the equation and solving for V1, we find that V1 = 0.00209L.
Finally, we must convert back from liters to mL by multiplying the final answer by 1000.
This way we end up with V1 = 2.09 mL.
This means that we need to add 2.09 mL of concentrated acid to obtain 75 mL of 0.335 M HBr solution.
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A 16.0 L gas cylinder has been filled with 8.00 moles of gas. You measure the pressure to be 3.70 atm . What is the temperature inside the tank? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
The temperature inside the tank is 9.013K
Using the ideal gas equation
T=PV / nR
Given,
n = 0.821
R = 8
P = 3.70
V = 16
T = 16 * 3.70 / 0.821 * 8
T = 59.2 / 6.568
T = 9.013
The temperature inside the tank is 9.013K
Many gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, noble gases, some heavier gases like carbon dioxide, and mixtures such as air, can be treated as ideal gases within reasonable tolerances over a considerable parameter range around standard temperature and pressure.
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Use the given data set to determine the rate equation, including the constant, for each of the following reactions. Assume the reaction has the form X + Y → Z. State the overall reaction order for each reaction.
The overall order of reaction is 2.
What is the rate of reaction?The rate of reaction is the rate at which reactants are converted into products.
Now we have;
0.050/0.025 = k[0.4]^x [0.1]^y/k[0.2]^x [0.1]^y
2= 2^x
x = 1
Also;
0.075/0.025 = k[0.2]^x [0.3]^y/[0.2]^x [0.1]^y
3 = 3^y
y =1
Overall order of reaction = x + y = 1 + 1 = 2
The overall order of reaction is 2.
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Which state of matter resists compression the most?
A. Gas
B. Liquid
C. All of these
D. Solid
Answer:
Explanation:
Answer: D. Solid
A chemist measured the amount of magnesium oxide produced during an experiment. She finds that 999. g of magnesium oxide is produced. Calculate the
number of moles of magnesium oxide produced.
Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
Answer:
24.8 moles MgO
Explanation:
To find the number of moles produced, you need to multiply the mass (999 grams) by the molar mass of magnesium oxide. The molar mass is made up of the atomic weights of each element times their quantities in the molecule.
Molar Mass (MgO): 24.305 g/mol + 15.998 g/mol
Molar Mass (MgO): 40.303 g/mol
999 g MgO 1 mole
-------------------- x ---------------------- = 24.8 moles MgO
40.303 g
How many moles of PCl5 can be produced from 28.0 g of P4 (and excess Cl2 )? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
0.903 mol of PCl₅ can be produced from 28.0 g of P₄ (and excess Cl₂).
What is Stoichiometry ?Stoichiometry helps us to use the balanced chemical equation to measure the quantitative relationship and it is to calculate the amount of product and reactants that are given in a reaction.
What is Balanced Chemical Equation ?The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.
Now write the balanced chemical equation
P₄ + 10 Cl₂ → 4PCl₅
1 mole of P₄ react with 10 mole of Cl₂ produces 4 moles of PCl₅.
According to Stoichiometry
[tex]\frac{n_{P_4}}{1} = \frac{n_{PCl_5}}{4}[/tex]
[tex]n_{P_4} = \frac{\text{Given Mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{28\ g}{124\ g/mol}[/tex]
= 0.22580645161 mol
Now put the value in above equation
[tex]\frac{n_{P_4}}{1} = \frac{n_{PCl_5}}{4}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{0.22580645161}{1} = \frac{n_{PCl_5}}{4}[/tex]
[tex]n_{PCl_5} = 0.903[/tex] mol
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 0.903 mol of PCl₅ can be produced from 28.0 g of P₄ (and excess Cl₂).
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How many moles of ammonia are in 0.40 l of a 6.00 m ammonia solution?
if this solution were diluted to 1.00 l, what would be the molarity of the resulting solution?
Moles of ammonia is 2.4 moles
Molarity of solution after dilution is 2.4 M
Given:
volume of ammonia solution = 0.40 l
molarity of solution = 6.00 m
To Find:
moles of ammonia
Solution:
1 molar (M) solution will contain 1.0 GMW of a substance dissolved in water to make 1 liter of final solution
M = n / V
M is the molality of the solution that is to be calculated
n is the number of moles of the solute
V is the volume of solution given in terms of litres
n = M x V
= 6 x 0.4
= 2.4 moles
So moles of ammonia are 2.4 moles
molarity of the resulting solution after dilution
M = n/V
= 2.4/1
= 2.4 M
So Molarity after dilution will be 2.4 M
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A sample of ideal gas at room temperature occupies a volume of 27.0 L at a pressure of 852 torr . If the pressure changes to 4260 torr , with no change in the temperature or moles of gas, what is the new volume, V2
The new volume V₂ is 5.4L
The new volume is calculated using Boyle's law formula
That is P₁V₁=P₂V₂
where,
p₁ = 852 torr
V₁ = 27.0
P₂ = 4260 torr
V₂=?
Make V₂ the subject of the formula by diving into both sides of the equation by P₂
V₂ = P₁V₁/P₂
⇒ 852 *
V₂ is, therefore, = 5.4 L
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When excess dilute hydrochloric acid was added to sodium sulphite 960 of sulphuric (iv) oxide was produced. calculate the mass of sodium sulphate that was used
The mass of sodium sulfite that was used will be 1,890 grams.
Stoichiometric problemsFirst, the equation of the reaction:
[tex]NaSO_3 + 2HCl --- > NaCl_2 + H_2O + SO_2[/tex]
The mole ratio of SO2 produced and sodium sulfite that reacted is 1:1.
Mole of 960 grams SO2 = 960/64 = 15 moles
Equivalent mole of sodium sulfite that reacted = 15 moles
Mass of 15 moles sodium sulfite = 15 x 126 = 1,890 grams
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Which of the following diagrams
represents a compound? Each color
represents a different element. Circles
that are directly touching represent
elements that are chemically combined.
An intravenous solution is noted as having a concentration of glucose equal to 0.312 M. What volume of solution (in mL) is needed to deliver 0.078 moles of glucose to the patient?
From the calculations, the volume of the solution is 0.25 L.
What is concentration?The term concentration refers to the amount of solute in a solution. It is obtained as the ratio of the number of moles and the volume.
Given that;
number of moles = 0.078 moles
concentration = 0.312 M
n = CV
V = n/C
V = 0.078 moles / 0.312 M
V = 0.25 L
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How do you define gravity, and how does it work?
Answer:
I'm not a genius but it's an invisible force that pulld object towards eachother, Earth's gravity is what keeps you on the ground and what makes things fall, Anything with mass also has gravity, objects with more mass means they have more gravity
Are isotopes similar to ions, yes or no?
When drawing structures from compound names, _____ are given priority in numbering carbons over _____.
Answer:
Triple bonds; double bonds
Explanation:
Triple bonds; double bonds
5. Ba(NO2)2 + H2SO4 = BaSO4 +2HNO2 what is the chemical reaction?
1. Single Displacement
2. Double Displacement
3. Synthesis
4. Decompostion
Answer:
2
Explanation:
If 10L of O2 at 273K and 1 atm is compressed to a pressure of 7 atm at 250K, what is the new volume? *Please pay attention that it says "7 atm" and not "7L"!!!*
The new volume of the gas, given the data is 1.3 L
Data obtained from the questiom Initial volume (V₁) = 10 LInitial pressure (P₁) = 1 atmInitial temperature (T₁) = 273 KNew pressure (P₂) = 7 atmNew temperature (T₂) = 250 KNew Volume (V₂) =? How to determine the new volumeThe new volume of the gas can be obtained by using the combined gas equation as illustrated below:
P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂
(1 × 10) / 273 = (7 × V₂) / 250
Cross multiply
273 × 7 × V₂ = 10 × 250
Divide both sides by 273 × 7
V₂ = (10 × 250) / (273 × 7)
V₂ = 1.3 L
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